Why are Chinese and Icelandic surnames so special? Icelandic female names and meanings - choosing a beautiful name for a girl. The most common Finnish surnames

Friends, good afternoon! Today I will talk about such seemingly simple things as the names of people and license plates of cars in Iceland. U local residents and this has its own characteristics that look unusual and original for Russians. This will be discussed in the article. First, look at this photo taken on the Reykjavik city beach in January. In the depths of winter, under open air, on a snow-covered beach, Icelanders relax in a bath of hot thermal water. Read more. Purely Icelandic picture:

Icelanders are a small nation. Today, the population in the country is just over 320 thousand people. Of which about 10% are foreign immigrants. Thus, there are less than three hundred thousand native Icelanders. And in the old days, when the first settlers arrived on the island, from whom the entire “Icelandic family” came, the number of the local population was several times smaller than it is now.

Probably due to such a small population, Icelanders did not have adopted surnames. There were so few people that there was no need for surnames. It was enough to have a first name and patronymic, which served as a surname. This tradition continues today. Modern Iceland is perhaps the only country in the world where the majority of residents do not have surnames as such. There is only a first name (often two or even three names) and a patronymic. In modern Iceland, only immigrants of the modern wave, as well as a small number of local Icelanders, whose ancestors were foreigners with surnames who came to Iceland not so long ago, within the last 100-200 years, have surnames, in the usual sense for us.

It took me a while to understand how Icelanders manage without surnames. When in every Icelandic family, all its members, parents and children, different surnames, because different middle names. From my point of view this creates incredible confusion. At first it was difficult for me to get used to the complex Icelandic names, many of which my tongue was simply unable to pronounce. But gradually everything worked out, both to understand and to reprimand. I will try to explain to you what an Icelandic name and surname are. It's actually quite simple. An Icelandic surname is a patronymic.

For example, an Icelander’s name is Jón Gunnarsson (Jón is a first name, Gunnarson is a surname), or, in Russian, Jón Gunnarovich. This means that Jonn’s father was Gunnar, which means Jon is Gunnar’s son, i.e. Gunnarson, Jón Gunnarsson.

Jón Gunnarson's son, for example, is called Bjarni Jónnovic in Russian, and Bjarni Jónsson in Icelandic. It is clearly visible that the father and son have different patronymics, therefore different Icelandic surnames.

According to a similar scheme, they are built female surnames, only to the name of the father, instead of son - “son”, the ending dóttir is added - douhtir, which means “daughter”. For example: Kristín Guðmundsdóttir (Kristin, daughter of Gvüzmund), Jóhanna Sturludóttir (Jóhanna, daughter of Sturla). Well, it goes without saying that the middle name of a father and his daughter is almost always different, which means their Icelandic surnames are also different.

In addition, when an Icelandic woman gets married, it is quite logical that she never changes her patronymic and does not take the surname (or rather patronymic) of her husband. So it turns out that in every Icelandic family, the mother has one surname, the father has a completely different surname, and their children have a third surname. How do you like this mix?

There is one big plus in this family confusion. It consists in the fact that since in Icelandic society the surname is not passed on from father to son, this means there is no opportunity and conditions for boasting and flaunting famous surname and use it for personal gain. In Iceland, it is customary to evaluate and respect a person only for his personal qualities and achievements, and not for belonging to any family, even the most ancient and famous.

Now let's talk about Icelandic names. Few Icelanders have one name. As a rule, at birth a child is given two names, and sometimes even three. This allows for better identification of Icelanders, creating fewer matches based on only one first and last name (patronymic). In a telephone directory, the list of subscribers is compiled starting with the first name, not the last name, so each common name often takes up several pages of the directory:

Many Icelandic names, both male and female, have a strange sound to the Russian ear and difficult pronunciation for the Russian language. For example: Svanhildur (pronounced Svanhildur), Friðbjörn (pronounced Frizbjörtn), Hrafnkell (pronounced Hrapnketl), Snæfríður (pronounced Shneifrizyur). It was necessary to come up with such words! Try to guess which of these names are male and which are female? You will find the answer at the end of the article.

Fortunately for foreigners living here, not all Icelandic names so “prickly”. There are also quite normal ones, with “human” pronunciation, sometimes very similar to Russians. For example: Ómar, Jón, Sveinn, Árni, Valdimar, Ingi, Einar, Anna, María, Olga, Júlía, Soffía, Sonja.

It is very interesting that many Icelandic names are derived from the names of animals and birds, plants and flowers, natural phenomena, etc.

For example, the Icelandic word björn means "bear". From it the male names are derived: Björn, Bersi, Bessi, Bjarni, and the female name Birna-bear. Snæbjörn - white (snow) bear. From this word male names are derived: Snæbjörn, Sæbjörn, Friðbjörn.

Here are more original Icelandic male names: Úlfur - wolf; Hjörtur-deer; Karl-male; Örn and Ari-eagle; Valur-falcon; Hrafn-raven; Svanur-swan; Þröstur-sparrow; Már-petrel; Guðmundur-divine; Álfur-elf, etc.

But the original Icelandic ones female names: Svana and Svanfríður-swan; Valgerður-falcon; Kría-tern; Arna-eagle; Hrafnhildur-crow; Rán-sea; Unnur and Alda-wave; Katla and Hekla are names that repeat the names of volcanoes; Mjöll-snowball; Álfheiður-woman - elf; Björk - birch; Vala - pebbles, etc.

Like these ones unusual names adopted by the Icelanders. In addition, many locals have the habit of naming their cars as well. This is allowed here. Instead of a classic license plate, the car owner can come up with any word, name or set of letters and numbers, in general, whatever he wants and has enough imagination for. And this fantasy will be embodied in your car license plate. It goes without saying that for such pleasure you need to pay a certain amount, and a considerable one.

Judging by the license plates of the cars that caught my eye, I can confidently say that Icelanders have nothing wrong with their imagination and sense of humor. Often there are license plates with a male or female name, Icelandic or foreign. But such numbers are quite boring; they do not show any imagination of the owner of the car:

Sometimes the name of the license plate can be associated with the profession of the car owner. Probably the owner of this car is an actor or musician:

Sometimes there are more interesting license plates, which are a set of numbers similar to the date of birth or some other significant date in the life of a car owner. Numbers like this make you think. And sometimes the number is so strange that it is completely impossible to guess what it means?

But most of all I like license plates, some photos of which I publish below. Here's how they are translated from Icelandic. This number literally means "animals":

And this Icelandic word is translated into Russian as “calf”:

Well, this word does not need translation. I'm sure any of you will guess that this is an Icelandic word taken for license plate number, means “pig” in Russian. Yes, yes, just a pig, an ordinary pig.

We can assume that the owners of these cars tell their friends something like this: “Over the summer, my animals ran 50 thousand kilometers off-road. Their tires are bald, it’s time to change the wheels.” Or “I accidentally dented my calf’s bumper and broke the sidelight.” Or “My pig is always dirty and terribly gluttonous, I fill it every three days.” Well, or something like that...

Friends, I hope you have felt some of the character traits of the locals and appreciated the inimitability of Icelandic humor. Icelanders are very creative people, they know how to come up with reasons and reasons for fun and enjoy the little things. Well done, aren't they?

And now the correct answer to the question about Icelandic names. Male names: Friðbjörn (Frizbjörn) and Hrafnkell (Hrapnketl), female names: Svanhildur (Svanhildur) and Snæfríður (Shnæfríður).

Unlike generally accepted world rules, most Icelanders do not have a surname. To address one or another resident of Iceland, it is customary to use only the first and patronymic.

For example:

• Haukur Tomasson (musician) - Haukur, son of Thomas (Haukur Tomasovich)
• Bjork Gudmundsdottir ( full name singer Bjork) - Bjork Gudmundovna
• Linda Petursdottir (Miss World 1988) - Linda Peturovna (daughter of Petur)

If two Icelanders have - same name and patronymic, they are distinguished by the name of the grandfather. In this case, the full address to a person sounds like “name” + “patronymic” + “grandfather’s patronymic”. For example, Jon Einarsson Petursson is Jon, son of Einar son of Petur.

This tradition existed in ancient times in other Scandinavian countries, but was later abolished and survived only in Iceland. However, now it is coming back into fashion - in Denmark, Norway and Sweden you can again use your patronymic instead of a surname.

If someone's father in Iceland has a name that is unusual for the country (for example, he is an immigrant), then his children must obtain approval from an agency called Mannanafnanefnd - the Icelandic Names Commission - before using their middle name as a surname. The main criterion is how easily a new patronymic-surname can be introduced into the Icelandic language.

Sometimes Icelanders take the mother's name rather than their father's name as their patronymic-surname. This happens when a person wants nothing to do with the biological father. For example, the full name of one of the most famous Icelandic football players is Heidar Helguson (Heidar, son of Helga).

In this regard, trolling designer Artemy Lebedev with the nickname “Artemy Tatyanovich” is completely unobvious from the Icelandic point of view.

In Iceland, only the person's first name is used to address a person. Thus, the former Prime Minister of Iceland, Jóhanna Sigurdardóttir, was addressed not as “Miss Sigurðardóttir,” but simply as “Jóhanna.” It is because of this that singer Björk Guðmundsdóttir is known throughout the world, simply as “Björk”.

This system is somewhat inconvenient. Icelandic telephone books list people by name in alphabetical order. First names begin with “A”, then with “B”, etc. And already among them you have to look for a person by patronymic and surname. It’s the same as if in Russian telephone books all subscribers with the name “Alexey” are first listed, then “Andrey”, etc.

Icelanders traveling with children experience problems at the airport. Customs officials in non-Scandinavian countries reasonably believe that the child’s “last name” should match the parent’s “last name.”

Iceland was settled by Norwegians at a time when the Scandinavian languages ​​were still almost indistinguishable from each other. The common Scandinavian language was called "Danish" at that time. In modern times it is called Old Norse. Iceland, which developed somewhat differently from mainland Scandinavia, in modern times speaks a language that is closer to Old Norse than any other language.

Icelandic names are one single word or one made up of several, a word in Old Norse. The names most often have a nature or battle theme, as you can see by reading the lists. Icelanders are often named after ancient characters Scandinavian mythology.

What do they pay attention to when choosing?

It is worth talking about the structure of Icelandic names. As a rule, Icelanders have a first name, a middle name (rarely called. The equivalent is a middlename among the British) and a patronymic. Only a small number of Icelanders have surnames (immigrants and those Icelanders who wanted to register a surname for themselves, as well as Icelanders who married a man from another country and took his surname).

In general, when choosing a name, Icelanders are guided by the same traditions as throughout Europe. The first name is chosen either by sound or meaning, or is given in honor of a relative or some person significant to them (for example, a friend). The middle name is usually given in honor of someone (relative or friend). Thanks to the proximity of Icelandic and Old Icelandic, Icelanders understand the meaning of most names.

The word “Aces” is often found in names. Translated, it means the highest gods in Scandinavian mythology, living in Asgard.

Popular options

Men's

1. Adalbert– “noble + bright.” The name is of ancient Germanic origin. Adalbert is a noble man who knows what honor is.
2. Adalrik– “noble, noble + rich, powerful.” Adalrik is a somewhat proud man who knows how to handle his money. He has the features of a king.
3. Adalstein– “main, noble + stone.” Adalstein is a steadfast, imperturbable person who knows how to behave well. If he needs to demonstrate calm in a stressful situation, he copes with this task.
4. Asgeir- “ace + spear”. Asgeir is wise and warlike. He is very interesting person, not lacking in talent.
5. Asvid– “as + tree, forest.” Asvid has a broad soul and the ability to learn.
6. Buggy- “bag, sack, bundle.” Buggy is cheerful and open, he has pure thoughts. He is simple and naive, capable of good deeds.
7. Bally- “dangerous, risky, terrible.” Bally cannot live without risk. He constantly gets into trouble. Bally is furious and merciless towards his enemies, but maybe good friend and a strong defender.
8. Berg- “to protect, to preserve.” Berg is a true guardian. For his friends, he becomes the strongest support, someone who can always be relied on.
9. Bergstein– “to protect, store + stone.” The meaning is the same as the name Berg.
10. Bercy- “bear cub, bear.” Bersi is strong and resourceful, and also has cheerful spirit and a bright soul.
11. Billing- “twin”. Billing is smart, calm and reasonable.
12. Brynjolv– “armor + wolf”. Brynjolf is cunning, capable of meanness, but if he knows that you - good man, you will never become its victim. With everyone who deserves it, he turns out to be warm and honest.
13. Bjorn- "bear". Björn is calm, but sometimes becomes furious. He is ready to protect what is dear to him by any means.
14. Bjart- "light". As is clear from the etymology, Bjarth is a bright soul, he is open and sincere, and does not recognize deception and lies as an acceptable means of achieving his goals. Prefers to play honestly.
15. loon- “dog, dog.” Gagar knows how to find an approach to people, he is an interesting conversationalist and true friend, ready to stand up for the person dear to him.
16. Gapi- “yawn, open your mouth wide.” Gapi is lazy and lethargic, inactive and lacking initiative, but he can change for the better.
17. Guard- “fence, fortification, protection.” Gard is firm, if he is sure of something, he usually insists on his own, but after a conversation he always checks the information and accepts the interlocutor’s point of view if he finds confirmation of his words.
18. Gautar- “gaut, goth.” Gautar is wild and not social, but this does not prevent him from living a normal life. He communicates well with only one or two friends.
19. Gedda- "pike". Gedda is quirky and resourceful, smart. Knows how to turn a situation to his advantage.
20. Doug- "day". Doug is open to new beginnings and knows how to enjoy the little things.
21. Dadi– meaning unclear. Dadi seems funny from the outside, a little clumsy. He is cheerful and frank, very straightforward.
22. Duva- "pigeon". Duva is easy-going, easy to persuade him to do something. As a rule, it does not have an established own opinion, however, he is trying to find it.
23. Ivar- “yew + warrior or protector.” Ivar is sharp-tongued and witty. He strong-willed and, if he develops in this way, he will become strong in body.
24. Isolv- “ice + wolf”. Isolv is cold, secretive, he is a loner, and socialization is difficult for him. We can say that he does not need the company of people. Sometimes, however, even Isolv feels the need to communicate, and then it is very difficult for him to find an interlocutor. If someone “discovers” Isolv and manages to gain his trust, it is impossible to say exactly what he will find. The young man may turn out to be an empty personality, or he may reveal himself as an extremely interesting and multifaceted person.
25. Iuli- “sea urchin”. Iuli, as his name implies, is caustic, “poisonous.” Sometimes he even hurts people he doesn't want to hurt. In the process of living and communicating with people, this feature of it can “smooth out” and disappear.
26. Campi- "mustache". Campi is not serious, maybe even a little childish. This is often not liked by the people around him. Over the course of his life, he can change a lot for the better.
27. Ketil- "helmet". Ketil is wise and prudent. He never does something before thinking about possible scenarios and consequences. If we talk about the choice between reason and feelings, he definitely prefers the side of reason.
28. Whip- “knot”. The whip is hard, even a little Cruel person. It is impossible to say for sure whether he is capable of meanness, but one cannot always expect good from him.
29. Leive- “heir, descendant.” Leiv is smart and pleasant to talk to. He has a lot of knowledge and a lot interesting stories, he likes to read.
30. Magnus- “great”. The name is of Latin origin. Magnus is majestic, even somewhat proud. He may be unpleasant to some people. However, if you dig deeper, it turns out that Magnus simply prefers to communicate as equals with people who are equal to him. Prove to him your intelligence and ability to critical thinking- and you will immediately become his friend.
31. Nest- “next, close.” Nest has a habit of becoming attached to people so tightly that he experiences a difficult separation, especially a painful one, and can withdraw into himself for a long time because of it. However, if he comes across a faithful person, a wonderful pair of friends will be formed.
32. Ragnar– “higher powers or advice + warrior or protector.” Ragnar is a born leader, an excellent ruler. He is a militant person.
33. Ulv- "wolf". Ulv is reserved, proud, somewhat aristocratic. He doesn't like any nonsense, he despises infantile and weak people.
34. Fadir- "father". Fadir is a mentor. He knows how to teach, knows how to guide.

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, specialists in esotericism and occultism, authors of 15 books.

Here you can get advice on your problem, find useful information and buy our books.

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Scandinavian surnames (Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Danish)

Scandinavian countries– term used for the three Nordic countries: Finland, Sweden and Norway. In addition to them, Denmark and Iceland are also included here.

These countries, in addition to geographical proximity and northern location, also have a number of other common features: generality historical development, high level economic development and a relatively small population.

The most common Swedish surnames

Sweden ranks most Scandinavian Peninsula. This is basically a single-national country with a population of about 9 million people, more than 90% of the inhabitants are Swedes.

Andersson (Andersson)

Gustafsson (Gustafsson)

Jonsson (Johnson)

Karlsson (Karlsson)

Larsson

Nilsson

Svensson (Svensson)

Persson

Olsson

Eriksson

Hansson

Johansson

The most common Norwegian surnames

Norway is the country of the ancient Vikings.

Andersen

Jensen

Kristiansen

Karlsen

Larsen

Nilsen

Olsen

Pedersen

Hansen

Johansen

The most common Finnish surnames

The population of Finland is about 5 million people, mostly Finns and Swedes live here, and their religion is Lutheran.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, most Finns did not have official surnames. The upper classes mostly had Swedish surnames. The law requiring every Finn to have a surname was passed in 1920, after independence.

Finnish surnames were mainly formed from names, from geographical names, from professions and from other words.

Virtanen

Korhonen

Koskinen

Laine

Makinen

Makela

Nieminen

Hamalainen

Heikkinen

Jarvinen

The most common Danish surnames

Denmark occupies most of the Jutland Peninsula and a group of nearby islands. The population is about 5 million people. Ethnic composition: Danes, Germans, Frisians, Faresians. The official language is Danish. Religion – Lutheranism.

Andersen

Jensen

Christensen

Larsen

Nielsen

Pedersen

Rasmussen

Sorensen

Jorgensen

Hansen

Icelandic surnames

Icelandic name consists of a first name, a patronymic (formed from the name of the father) and in rare cases a surname. Feature Traditional Icelandic names are the use (in addition to the actual name) of a patronymic and the extremely rare use of surnames.

Most Icelanders(as well as foreigners who have received Icelandic citizenship) have only a first and patronymic (a similar practice existed previously in other Scandinavian countries). When addressing and mentioning a person, only the name is used, regardless of whether the speaker is addressing to this person on "you" or "you".

For example, Jon Thorsson - Jon, son of Thor. The patronymic looks and sounds like a surname.

Only a very small number of Icelanders have surnames. Most often, Icelandic surnames are inherited from parents of foreign origin. Examples of famous Icelanders with surnames include footballer Eidur Gudjohnsen and actor and director Baltasar Kormakur.

Our new book "The Energy of Surnames"

Our book "The Energy of the Name"

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid

Our address Email: [email protected]

Scandinavian surnames (Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Danish)

Attention!

Sites and blogs have appeared on the Internet that are not our official sites, but use our name. Be careful. Fraudsters use our name, our email addresses for their mailings, information from our books and our websites. Using our name, they lure people to various magical forums and deceive (they give advice and recommendations that can harm, or lure money for conducting magical rituals, making amulets and teaching magic).

On our websites we do not provide links to magic forums or websites of magic healers. We do not participate in any forums. We do not give consultations over the phone, we do not have time for this.

Note! We do not engage in healing or magic, we do not make or sell talismans and amulets. We do not engage in magical and healing practices at all, we have not offered and do not offer such services.

The only direction of our work is correspondence consultations in written form, training through an esoteric club and writing books.

Sometimes people write to us that they saw information on some websites that we allegedly deceived someone - they took money for healing sessions or making amulets. We officially declare that this is slander and not true. In our entire life, we have never deceived anyone. On the pages of our website, in the club materials, we always write that you need to be honest decent person. For us good name– this is not an empty phrase.

People who write slander about us are guided by the basest motives - envy, greed, they have black souls. The times have come when slander pays well. Now many people are ready to sell their homeland for three kopecks, and it is even easier to slander decent people. People who write slander do not understand that they are seriously worsening their karma, worsening their fate and the fate of their loved ones. It is pointless to talk with such people about conscience and faith in God. They do not believe in God, because a believer will never make a deal with his conscience, will never engage in deception, slander, or fraud.

There are a lot of scammers, pseudo-magicians, charlatans, envious people, people without conscience and honor who are hungry for money. The police and other regulatory authorities have not yet been able to cope with the growing influx of "Deception for profit" madness.

Therefore, please be careful!

Sincerely – Oleg and Valentina Svetovid

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