Russian folk tales and their writers. Great Russian storytellers

Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)

More than one generation of people has grown up with the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. WITH early childhood Hans was a visionary and a dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began writing poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, and at the age of 14 he was already playing minor roles V Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15; it was a great success; in 1835, his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. The most famous of his works are “Flint”, “Thumbelina”, “The Little Mermaid”, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”, “ The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Princess and the Pea" and many others.

Charles Perrault (1628-1703)

The French writer-storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student as a child. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote a lot scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault feared that his reputation as a storyteller could harm his career. In 1697, his collection “Tales of Mother Goose” was published, which brought Perrault world fame. Based on the plot of his fairy tales famous ballets And opera works. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb, Bluebeard.

Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837)

Not only the poems and verses of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse.

Alexander Pushkin began writing his poetry in early childhood, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (privileged educational institution), was friends with others famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. The poet’s life had both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel.” Also known is “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, The Tale of dead princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda”.

Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth until their gravestones: they were tied together common interests and general adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy; only in adulthood did his health more or less return to normal. Jacob always supported his brother. The Brothers Grimm were not only experts in German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, and scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. World fame It was fairy tales that were brought to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children.” The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet Flower”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremenskie” Street musicians", "The Brave Little Tailor", "The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats", "Hansel and Gretel" and others.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)

The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to carry out literary adaptations of Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from finishing seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, and when he returned, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the author’s 60th birthday was the collection of short stories “The Malachite Box” published, which brought Bazhov people’s love. It is interesting that fairy tales are written in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each piece special. The most famous fairy tales: “ Copper Mountain hostess", " Silver hoof", "Malachite Box", "Two Lizards", "Golden Hair", "Stone Flower".

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England; he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. Future writer received his education, returned to India, and then went on a journey, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded Nobel Prize– and to this day he remains the youngest writer laureate in his category. Kipling’s most famous children’s book is, of course, “The Jungle Book”, the main character of which is the boy Mowgli. It is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: “The Cat That Walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get its hump?”, “How the leopard got his spots,” they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)

Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented man: composer, artist, writer, storyteller. He was born in Koeningsberg, when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: his older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother; Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst was always a mischief-maker and a dreamer; he was often called a “troublemaker.” It’s interesting that there was a women’s boarding house next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even started digging a tunnel to get to know her. When the hole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered the passage to be filled up. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death a memory of him would remain - and so it happened; his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.

Alan Milne (1882-1856)

Who among us does not know a funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? – the author of these funny tales and is Alan Milne. The writer spent his childhood in London, he was wonderful educated person, then served in the Royal Army. The first tales about the bear were written in 1926. Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to raise him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult. The books have been translated into 25 languages ​​and are very popular in many countries around the world. In addition to stories about Winnie the Pooh the fairy tales “Princess Nesmeyana”, “Ordinary Fairy Tale”, “Prince Rabbit” and others are known.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)

Alexey Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and was a war correspondent during the war. As a child, Alexey lived on the Sosnovka farm in his stepfather's house (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite it in new way fairy tale "Pinocchio". In 1935, his book “The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio” was published. Alexey Tolstoy also released 2 collections own fairy tales, called “Mermaid Tales” and “ Magpie Tales" The most famous “adult” works are “Walking in Torment”, “Aelita”, “Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin”.

Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev (1826-1871)

He is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who has been interested in folk art and researched it since his youth. He first worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasyev is considered one of the most outstanding scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called “ folk book“, after all, more than one generation has grown up with them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted several times.

Fairy tales accompany our lives from the cradle. Children do not yet know how to talk, but mothers and fathers, grandparents are already beginning to communicate with them through fairy tales. The child does not yet understand a word, but listens to the intonation of his native voice and smiles. There is so much kindness, love, and sincerity in fairy tales that it is understandable without any words.

Storytellers have been revered in Rus' since ancient times. After all, thanks to them, life, often gray and miserable, was painted in bright colors. The fairy tale gave hope and faith in miracles and made children happy.

I would like to know who these wizards are who can cure melancholy and boredom with words, and ward off grief and misfortune. Let's meet some of them?

Creator of Flower City

Who has not at least once in their life heard of such a bright and controversial character as Dunno? Nikolai Nikolaevich Nosov is the creator of this interesting and cute little guy.

The author of the wonderful Flower City, where every street was named after a flower, was born in 1908 in Kyiv. The father of the future writer was pop singer, And a little boy I enthusiastically went to the concerts of my beloved dad. Everyone around predicted a singing future for little Kolya.

But all the boy’s interest faded after they bought him the long-awaited violin that he had been asking for for so long. Soon the violin was abandoned. But Kolya was always interested in something and was interested in something. He was equally passionate about music, chess, photography, chemistry, and electrical engineering. Everything in this world was interesting to him, which was later reflected in his work.

The first fairy tales he composed were exclusively for his little son. He composed for his son Petya and his friends, and saw a response in their children's hearts. He realized that this was his destiny.

The creation of our favorite character Dunno Nosov was inspired by the writer Anna Khvolson. It is among her little forest people that the name Dunno is found. But only the name was borrowed from Khvolson. Otherwise, Dunno Nosova is unique. There is something of Nosov himself in him, namely, a love of wide-brimmed hats and brightness of thinking.

“Chebureks... Cheboksary... But there is no Cheburashka!...

The author of the unknown animal Cheburashka, so beloved throughout the world, Uspensky Eduard Nikolaevich, was born on December 22, 1937 in the city of Yegoryevsk, Moscow region. His love for writing manifested itself already in student years. His first book, Uncle Fyodor, Dog and Cat, was published in 1974. The idea for this fairy tale came to him while working as a librarian at a children's camp.

Initially, in the book, Uncle Fyodor was supposed to be an adult forester. He had to live with a dog and a cat in the forest. But not less famous writer Boris Zakhoder suggested that Eduard Uspensky make his character a little boy. The book was rewritten, but many adult traits in the character of Uncle Fyodor remained.

An interesting moment is observed in chapter 8 of the book about Uncle Fyodor, where Pechkin signs: “Goodbye. Postman of the village of Prostokvashino, Mozhaisk district, Pechkin.” This refers, most likely, to the Mozhaisky district of the Moscow region. In fact locality with the name “Prostokvashino” is only available in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The cartoon about the cat Matroskin, the dog Sharik, their owner Uncle Fyodor and the harmful postman Pechkin also became very popular. Another interesting thing about the cartoon is that the image of Matroskin was drawn after the animator Marina Voskanyants heard the voice of Oleg Tabakov.

Another cute and cute character of Eduard Uspensky, who became loved all over the world thanks to his charm, is Cheburashka.

Such an awkward name appeared thanks to the author’s friends, who called their clumsy daughter, who was just starting to walk, that way. The story of the box with oranges in which Cheburashka was found is also taken from life. Once Eduard Nikolaevich in the Odessa port saw a huge chameleon in a box with bananas.

The writer is national hero Japan, thanks to Cheburashka, who is very loved in this country. The interesting thing is that in different countries differently relate to the author's characters, but without a doubt they are loved by everyone. For example, the Finns are very sympathetic to Uncle Fyodor, in America they adore the old woman Shapoklyak, but the Japanese are completely in love with Cheburashka. There are no people in the world who are indifferent to the storyteller Uspensky.

Schwartz as an ordinary miracle

Generations grew up on Schwartz's fairy tales - “The Tale of Lost Time”, “Cinderella”, “ An ordinary miracle" And Don Quixote, directed by Kozintsev from a script by Schwartz, is still considered an unsurpassed adaptation of the great Spanish novel.

Evgeny Schwartz was born into an intelligent and wealthy family of an Orthodox Jewish doctor and midwife. From early childhood, Zhenya constantly moved with his parents from one city to another. And finally, they settled in the city of Maykop. These moves were a kind of exile for the revolutionary activities of Father Evgeniy Schwartz.

In 1914, Evgeniy entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but after 2 years he realized that this was not his path. He was always attracted by literature and art.

In 1917, he was drafted into the army, where he received a shell shock, which is why his hands trembled all his life.

After demobilization from the army, Evgeny Schwartz devoted himself entirely to creativity. In 1925, he published his first book of fairy tales, which was called “Stories of the Old Balalaika.” Despite great censorship oversight, the book had big success. This circumstance inspired the author.

Inspired, he wrote a fairy-tale play “Underwood”, which was staged at the Leningrad Youth Theater. His subsequent plays, “Islands 5K” and “Treasure,” were also staged there. And in 1934, Schwartz became a member of the USSR Writers' Union.

But in Stalin times His plays were no longer performed; they were seen as having political overtones and satire. The writer was very worried about this.

Hans Christian Andersen

Danish novelist and poet, international author famous fairy tales for children and adults: “The Ugly Duckling”, “The King’s New Clothes”, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”, “The Princess and the Pea”, “ Ole Lukoje", "The Snow Queen" and many others. Despite the fact that Hans Christian Andersen is one of the best storytellers, he had a very bad character. In Denmark there is a legend about Andersen's royal origin.

In Denmark there is a legend about Andersen's royal origin

This is due to the fact that in his early autobiography the author himself wrote about how as a child he played with Prince Frits, later King Frederick VII, and he had no friends among the street boys. Only the prince. Andersen’s friendship with Frits, according to the storyteller’s fantasy, continued into adulthood, until the latter’s death, and, according to the writer himself, he was the only one, with the exception of relatives, who was allowed to visit the coffin of the deceased.

Charles Perrault

Few people know that Perrault was an academician of the French Academy, the author of famous scientific works. But it was not serious books, A wonderful tales“Cinderella”, “Puss in Boots”, “Bluebeard”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Sleeping Beauty”.

Perrault was an academician of the French Academy, the author of scientific works

Perrault published his fairy tales not under own name, and under the name of his 19-year-old son Perrault d’Armancourt, apparently trying to protect his already established literary reputation from accusations of working with the “low” genre of fairy tales.

Brothers Grimm

Brothers Grimm: Jacob and Wilhelm - explorers of German folk culture and storytellers. They were born in the city of Hanau. For a long time lived in the city of Kassel. ANDstudied the grammar of Germanic languages, the history of law and mythology. The fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm are known all over the world. They collected folklore and published several collections called Grimm's Fairy Tales, which became very popular. At the end of their lives, they began creating the first dictionary of the German language.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov

In 1939, a collection of Bazhov’s tales “The Malachite Box” was published.

He was born in the city of Sysert, Yekaterinburg district, Perm province. He graduated from the Ekaterinburg Theological School, and later from the Perm Theological Seminary. He worked as a teacher, political worker, journalist and editor of Ural newspapers. In 1939, a collection of Bazhov’s tales “The Malachite Box” was published.In 1944, “The Malachite Box” was translated into English and published in London and New York, then in Prague, and in 1947 in Paris. Translated into German, Hungarian, Romanian, Chinese, Japanese languages. In total, according to the library. Lenin, - into 100 languages ​​of the world.

Astrid Lindgren

Lindgren's fairy-tale works are close to folk art, in them there is a tangible connection between fantasy and the truth of life.Author of a number of worldwide famous books for children, including "Baby and Carlson, who lives on the roof"and tetralogies about« Pippi Long stocking » . In Russian, her books became known and very popular thanks to translationLilianna Lungina.

Lindgren dedicated almost all of her books to children. “I have not written books for adults and I think that I will never do so,” Astrid stated decisively. She, along with the heroes of the books, taught children that “If you don’t live according to habit, whole life there will be a day!

The writer herself always called her childhood happy (there were many games and adventures in it, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it served as a source of inspiration for her work.

Rudyard Kipling

Famous writer, poet and reformer. Heborn in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England; he later called those years “years of suffering”. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer laureate in his category.

Kipling's most famous children's book is The Jungle Book.

Kipling’s most famous children’s book is, of course, “The Jungle Book”, the main character of which is the boy Mowgli. It is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: “The cat that walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get its hump?”, “How the leopard got his spots,” they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.

An old man lived with his old woman
By the bluest sea;
They lived in a dilapidated dugout
Exactly thirty years and three years.
The old man was catching fish with a net,
The old woman was spinning her yarn.
Once he threw a net into the sea -
A net arrived with nothing but mud.
Another time he cast a net -
A net came with sea grass.
For the third time he cast the net -
A net came with one fish,
With not just a simple fish - a gold one.
How the goldfish prays!
He says in a human voice:
"Let me go to sea, old man!
Dear, I will give a ransom for myself:
I'll buy you anything you want."

Tales of Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak - Twelve Months

Do you know how many months there are in a year?

Twelve.

What are their names?

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.

As soon as one month ends, another begins immediately. And it has never happened before that February came before January left, and May overtook April.

The months go one after another and never meet.

But people say that mountainous country Bohemia was a girl who saw all twelve months at once.

How did this happen? That's how.

In one small village there lived an angry and stingy woman with her daughter and stepdaughter. She loved her daughter, but her stepdaughter could not please her in any way. No matter what the stepdaughter does, everything is wrong, no matter how she turns, everything is in the wrong direction.

Fairy tale by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky - Aibolit

Good Doctor Aibolit!
He is sitting under a tree.
Come to him for treatment
And the cow and the she-wolf,
And the bug and the worm,
And a bear!
He will heal everyone, he will heal everyone
Good Doctor Aibolit!

And the fox came to Aibolit:
"Oh, I was bitten by a wasp!"
And the watchdog came to Aibolit:
"A chicken pecked me on the nose!"
And the hare came running
And she screamed: “Ay, ah!
My bunny got hit by a tram!
My bunny, my boy
Got hit by a tram!
He was running along the path
And his legs were cut,
And now he's sick and lame,
My little bunny!"
And Aibolit said:
"No problem! Bring it here!"