Skiy is the ending of the surname of which nation. See what "Family ending" is in other dictionaries

Last name is the family name that a person receives by inheritance. Many people for a long time live and don’t even think about what their last name means. Thanks to the surname, you can not only determine who your great-grandfathers were, but also determine the nationality of its owner. In this article we will try to figure out what nationality this or that surname belongs to.

You can find out the origin of your surname in several ways, which are described in the article, among them you can identify the determination of origin by the endings of surnames.

Last name endings

Using certain endings, you can find out what nationality a surname belongs to:

• The British. It is very difficult to identify specific endings that indicate the English. Mostly surnames are derived from English words, indicating the place of residence: Wales, Scott, or the person’s profession: Smith - blacksmith, Cook - cook.
• Armenians. Most of Armenian surnames ends in - yang: Aleksanyan, Burinyan, Galustyan.
• Belarusians. Belarusian surnames end in -ich, -chik, -ka, -ko: Tyshkevich, Fedorovich, Glushko, Vasilka, Gornachenok.
• Georgians. It is very easy to identify a person of Georgian nationality; their last names end in - shvili, - dze, - a, - ua, - ni, - li, - si: Gergedava, Geriteli, Dzhugashvili.
• Jews. If the surname contains the root Levi or Cohen, then its owner belongs to Jewish nationality: Levitan, Koganovich. But you can also find surnames with the endings - ich, - man, -er: Kogenman, Kaganer.
• The Spaniards and Portuguese have surnames with the endings - ez, - iz, - az, - iz, oz: Gonzalez, Gomez, Torres. There are also surnames that indicate a person’s character: Alegre - joyful, Malo - bad.
• Italians. If we talk about Italians, then their surnames end in - ini, - ino, - illo, - etti, - etto, - ito: Puccini, Brocchi, Marchetti. The prefix di and da can indicate that the genus belongs to a certain territory: da Vinci.
• Germans. German surnames Mostly they end in - man, - er and they indicate the type of human activity (Becker - baker, Lehmann - landowner, Koch - cook) or contain some characteristic (Klein - small).
• Poles. Surnames ending in - sk; - tsk; -y indicate that a person (or his ancestors) belongs to the Polish nationality: Godlewski, Ksieszynski, Kalnitski, and their roots go back to the time of the creation of the Polish nobility (gentry).
• Russians. Surnames ending in -ov, -ev, -in, -skoy, -tskoy: Ignatov, Mikhailov, Eremin. Russian surnames in structure are patronymics, which are formed from the names: Ivan - Ivanov, Grigory - Grigoriev; but among the examples you can find surnames derived from the name of the area where the family lived: White Lake - Belozersky.
• Ukrainians. To the endings that indicate that a person belongs to Ukrainian nationality, include: - ko, - uk/yuk, - un, -niy/ny, - tea, - ar, - a: Tereshchenko, Karpyuk, Tokar, Gonchar, Mirny. Surnames mainly indicate the family's affiliation with a particular craft.

Onomastics

It is worth noting that the science that studies proper names and their origin is called onomastics. Its section - anthroponymy - studies the origin of human names and their forms, one of which is the surname. It touches on the history of their origin and transformation as a result of long-term use in the source language.

Doctor philological sciences Alexandra SUPERANSKAYA.

This morning the doctor came to see me; his name Werner, but he is Russian. What's surprising? I knew one Ivanova, who was German.
M. Lermontov

Science and life // Illustrations

Famous Russian historian Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766-1826). Engraving
N. I. Utkin from a portrait by the artist A. G. Varnek. The Karamzins’ ancestor was a baptized Tatar named Karamurza.

Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev (1713-1788). Copy from a portrait by P.-A. Rotary made by an unknown Russian artist in mid-18th century century.

Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova (1861-1939), wife of Prince F. F. Yusupov. Ceremonial portrait brushes by V. A. Serov. 1902. The Yusupov princes received their surname from the Nogai Khan Yusuf.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883). The portrait was painted by the artist A. A. Kharlamov in 1875. The founder of the Turgenev family was the Tatar Murza Lev Turgen, who arrived in 1440 from the Golden Horde to Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich.

Composer, conductor, professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) posed for I. E. Repin in his St. Petersburg workshop for more than a month. The portrait was created in 1893.

In many families in Lately interest in the origins of surnames, our own and those of others, was awakened. Some people think that once they know the origin of their last name, they can learn about their family history. For others, this is a purely cognitive interest: how, when, under what circumstances this or that surname could have arisen.

Two women once came to me with the question: “What nationality is your last name? Onu'chin? - their niece was going to marry a man with that last name. They feared that this surname was “not Russian enough.” I ask a counter question, is the surname Russian? La'ptev. They nodded affirmatively. Did you put bast shoes on your bare feet? They are silent. So, those cloth windings that were wrapped around the leg were called onu’cha. Bast shoes did not exist without onuchi, just as onuchi did not exist without bast shoes...

I recently received a letter from Alexander Arzha'eva from the city of Kurgan, who was pestered during his military service, asking what his nationality was, and they did not believe that he was Russian. Was an old calendar name Arsa'kiy, which was baptized until the 18th century. Its short form Arsa'y where the last name comes from Arsa'ev. The common surname is somewhat similar to it Arzha'nov, formed from old Russian name Arzhano'y, which means “rye”. For a long time, rye was the main grain in Rus'. Apparently, in popular dialects the unclear Arsaev was replaced with the more understandable Arzhaev, bringing it closer to the adjective rye, perhaps through the intermediate form Arshaev, because the consonants With And w mixed in many dialects.

Surname Arzhaev It can also be Mordovian, Mari, Tatar: all these languages ​​have words consonant with it.

One day a friend called with a similar question: “What nationality is the last name? Indy'k? Let me explain: this word is found in the geographical names of Crimea with the meaning “ditch, cliff, depression.” However, most often this is what mountains are called. Apparently, the people who gave these names moved along the mountain from top to bottom, and the word “indyk” meant depressions. Then people looking at the same objects from below perceived this word as the names of individual mountains or rocks. Geographical names Crimea were recorded in different time people different nationalities, so the spelling varies: Indek, Endek, Endek, Gyndyk(with additional g). Last name Indyk could be received by a person who lived near a mountain or cliff. Kazakhs have a similar sound male name Yntyk.

The linguistic affiliation of names and surnames is determined not so much by the foundations of which language they are composed of, but by the language in which they are used. It turns out that the most traditional Russian name Ivan of Hebrew origin, and formed from numerous folk forms this name is like a surname Ivakin, Ivanaev, Ivanyaev, Vankaev, Vankin, Vanshin, Ivashkin may belong not only to Russians, but also to Chuvash, Mordvins, Mari and other peoples inhabiting Russian Federation. They are used both in Russian and in the languages ​​of other peoples. Thus, a person’s nationality and the linguistic affiliation of his surname often do not coincide.

Last name is special, legally significant word, serving to identify individuals and entire families. The assignment of official passport names is largely a random and always artificial act. There may be brothers, children of the same father, with different surnames, and families where some of the children are registered with the mother’s surname, and some with the father’s surname. Nowadays, when women get married, they do not always take their husband's surname. There are places where the so-called street names(nicknames) change with each generation and the naming of people in oral communication does not coincide with the passport ones. The living, everyday form of naming recorded in documents hardens, turning into a surname passed on to the next generation.

In Russia, every tenth marriage is mixed. This is largely determined by demographic reasons: the lack of Russian men. We especially note marriages with foreign students. After graduating, the young man leaves for his own country, and the marriage often breaks up. The children remain in Russia, are brought up in Russian culture, and only an incomprehensible surname reminds them of their father who left.

One of the American presidents in his inaugural speech, addressing the nation, said: “We are all so different, and this is our strength.” In America, and in Europe, a nation is the entire population of the country, its citizens, without dividing into blacks and whites, Anglo-Saxons, Italians, and Mexicans. America is figuratively called a “melting pot”, where the ambitions of individual national groups disappear and a single American nation is formed. The national idea contributes to its unity.

Nations in modern Europe are made up of people of different nationalities united in single state. The formation of their common national consciousness is facilitated by a common ideology and culture with the unity of the occupied territory with unhindered movement throughout the country, unity economic activity and economic interests.

Mutual understanding of different ethnic groups is facilitated by the presence of a language (or languages) of interethnic communication. For example, the single Swiss nation is made up of four different ethnic groups. Their unity is facilitated by the fact that all important government documents and regulations are published in four languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh, with identical content. Each nation speaks its own language, but all nations work for a common economy and recognize a common policy.

If the population of a country is grouped not on the basis of national interests, but on the basis of belonging to a certain ethnic group, and at the same time everyone strives to put their ethnic group above others, nationalism is created. Then one nation splits along national composition to the detriment of national interests.

Nationalism is characterized by the ideas of national superiority and national exclusivity, consolidating the dominance of one nation by enslaving others, between whom national discord is sown. As a result, national interests are undermined, and human values are forgotten.

The conflict between state and ethnic principles is inevitable in most modern states, because as a result of numerous migrations it is difficult to find a country with a single ethnic group. But reasonable national policy helps to overcome crisis situations.

The famous linguist, Eurasianism theorist Nikolai Sergeevich Trubetskoy wrote: “The destinies of the Eurasian peoples are intertwined with each other, firmly tied into one huge tangle that can no longer be untangled, so that the exclusion of one people from this unity can only be carried out through artificial violence against nature and must lead to suffering." This idea can be continued: the artificial rise of one people within a country leads to the suffering of others.

The national Russian idea arose under the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy (1350-1389). When Mamai's large army was approaching Moscow, Dmitry turned to all the Russian princes, who were constantly fighting with each other, with a proposal to jointly overthrow the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Squads from Moscow, Tver, and Ryazan came to the Kulikovo field. The Russians were returning home.

It is surprising that even in the 50s of the 20th century the echoes of the tribal mistrust that existed in Ancient Rus'. A neighbor told me about a friend of his who was having trouble family life, adding: “His wife is from Smolensk!”

Since the 14th century, foreigners “traveled” to serve the Russian sovereign. This elevated his princely dignity and strengthened his desire to centralize the state. So, according to historical sources, ancestor Saburovs left the Horde in 1330 to visit Grand Duke John Danilovich [Kalita]. Ancestor Pushkin“my husband is honest Radsha, descended from a noble Slavic surname, left for Russia from Germany during the reign of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.” The founder of the Pushkin family was Grigory Pushka, who belonged to the seventh generation of the family.

"Surname Timiryazev comes from a person who left the Golden Horde in 1408 to join Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich Ibragim Timiryazev, who was named Alexander after holy baptism.”

"Surname Korsakov I got my start from someone who left Lithuania for Moscow Wenceslav Zhegmuntovich Korsak».

"The ancestor of the family Aksakovs, Shimon Afrikanovich, and named after baptism Simon, left in 1027 to visit Grand Duke Yaroslav Vladimirovich in Kyiv from the Varangian land and with him three thousand people.”

Surname Sheremetevs“I took my beginning... from Andrei Ivanovich, nicknamed Mares descended from the King of Prussia Vejdevuta" One of Kobyla’s descendants was the founder of the family, Andrei Sheremet.

When documents began to be drawn up confirming the rights of noble families to own land plots, the idea of ​​“emigration” became so universal that those who could not provide or invent it were considered lower in status compared to people from foreign lands.

There were many non-Russians among persons of non-noble rank. To begin with, the Russians came relatively late to the territory with the Finno-Ugric and Baltic populations, neighbored the Turks, had contact with the Iranians and, naturally, elements of all these peoples and their languages ​​penetrated both the Russian ethnic group and Russian surnames.

As the Russian state centralized, the tsars waged numerous wars with neighboring peoples, often ending in the capture of large contingents of foreign troops. Livonian Wars began under Alexander Nevsky and ended under Ivan the Terrible, when the Livonian Order ceased to exist. The wars of Peter I and subsequent tsars produced new prisoners. During the First World War, a mass of refugees from the Western Territory ended up in Russia. Not all prisoners or refugees returned to their homeland. Many found work in Russia, got married, were baptized, passing on their surnames to their Russian offspring.

The main thing for the assimilation of foreigners was the act of baptism. They learned the Russian language, their children were brought up in Russian culture, and only the surname reminded them of the origin of their fathers.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the question of a person’s ethnicity practically did not arise. The documents contained a column “Religion”. The entry “Orthodox” opened many doors for a person. The entry “Muslim” or “Buddhist” led him down a different road, with its own privileges.

Many figures of Russian culture were born from mixed marriages. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was the son of a Russian nobleman and a captured Turkish woman, and received his surname from his godfather. The mother of Alexander Ivanovich Herzen was a German woman who was not legally married to his father, and his surname was invented from the German word “herzen” - “heartfelt” as a symbol of the heartfelt affection of his parents.

Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin is a descendant of a knight of the Order of the Sword, captured under Ivan the Terrible. The father of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov came from the Scottish family Leirmont. One of the representatives of this family, Georg Lermont, switched to Russian service in 1613. “The Sun of Russian Poetry,” Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, was a descendant not only of the above-mentioned Radsha, but also of Ibrahim Petrovich Hannibal, the Arab of Peter the Great.

Pushkin's friend, Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, a famous Russian writer and historian, joked: “If you scrape any Russian, you will find a Tatar.” The joke applied primarily to himself: his family descended from a baptized Tatar named Karamurza. The Karamzin family was not very ancient: it was first granted estates in 1606. Kara-Murza- this is the name of one of the Nogai clans, literally “black Murza”. For many peoples, blackness was a sign of strength.

The column “Nationality” appeared in documents only when Soviet power, when the fight against any religion was declared - “the opium of the people.” And if religion contributed to the consolidation of the nation as citizens of the country, united general idea, then the appeal to the national moment contributed to its splitting into separate ethnic groups.

As a result of the interaction of languages different nations Some surnames of Russian citizens cannot be unambiguously interpreted as coming from some word. The many languages ​​involved in their formation, fairly short stems, an abundance of homonyms and folk etymology have contributed to the fact that sometimes surnames have up to five possible interpretations and in relation to different families each of them can be fair.

Let's add errors and typos. Not all " writing people" - this is the name of those who were entrusted with keeping vital records - they were quite literate and had legible handwriting. Many entries were made based on oral statements from persons who did not have good diction. The writer understood such naming in his own way and did not write down what he was told. As a result, many surnames that we perceive as definitely Russian cannot be interpreted with any clarity.

Let us give a number of examples that support these arguments.

Aulichev- the surname has nothing to do with eastern villages. It is formed from the old Orthodox name Vavula, modern church form Vavila. Patronymic from the old form of the name - Vavulich, where the patronymic surname comes from Vavulichev. In Smolensk-Belarusian dialects, where it either disappears or appears out of nowhere, this sound-laden surname was “lightened” by turning into Aulichev.

Babin, Babich, Babichev- these surnames can come from the Russian word woman- “woman, wife”, also from Turkic woman'- “father, grandfather.”

Baltenkov- on behalf of Baltyonok with the typical Belarusian suffix -onok/-yonok, used when naming grandchildren or younger children. Baltenok's grandfather (or father) was called Balt. Among the Catholic Slavs this is a shortened form of the name Balthazar. But, if we take into account the Belarusian akanye, the name Baltyonok may also be derived from Bolt(cf. chatterbox, chatter) or bolt- a thick nail to cover the nut.

Velegzhaninov- from Vologzhaninov: Vologda resident- “resident of Vologda”.

Goryunov- from goryun(grieving person), but there is also an archaic ethnic group of Goryuny in Polesie.

Zenzin- the basis of the surname zenza/zenzya may be associated with a regional word zen from earth- “earth”, with the name of the plant zenzevel - “bryonia”. But most likely it goes back to German word Sense (Zenze)- “scythe” is the nickname of the mower.

Korelapov- possibly comes from the surname Korepanov, through Korelanov, when reading P How l, A n- How P plus association with the word paw, when the meaning of a word is lost korepan: to dig- “do it ineptly, at random”; wriggle- “to break, be stubborn, make a fool” (usually about a child).

Kuklin- from the Russian word doll: "1. toy, likeness of a person; 2. a dapper, but stupid or soulless woman,” but there is also a Turkic tribal name Dolls, from which the surname is also possible Kuklin.

Rodomanov- from Romodanov- rearrangement of syllables plus association with a word genus. The surname is based on a Turkic name Ramadan/Ramadan Arabic origin, from the name of the ninth month lunar calendar when Muslims fast. The fast ends with a feast. The name was given to boys born in this month. Russification is manifested in the fact that the vowel sound A at the base of the name is replaced by O. Next comes folk etymology.

Sharapov- on behalf of Sharap. Word sharap in the Kalmyk language it means “wisdom”, in Russian it means “grab by hand, whatever happens to anyone.” There is also a Turkic tribal name Sharap.

Shenshin- some researchers compare this surname with the verb make noise- “mumble like an old man or walk with shuffling feet.” Another hypothesis is possible - from Orthodox names Arseny or Semyon, through their shortened form Senya, with the favorite Pskov-Novgorod suffix -sha - Sensha - Senshin, with further assimilation s - w: Shenshin.

The examples can be continued. But this is enough to show the complexity of defining the concept of “Russian surname”. The ethnic diversity of the peoples who participated in the formation of Russian culture was reflected in the composition of Russian surnames, in which the forms and models of others were superimposed on top of the elements of one language, and all this was processed “in the forge colloquial speech"(L.V. Shcherba).

From all that has been said, it is clear that the main criterion for determining a Russian surname should be the existence of surnames in Russian families, among people raised in Russian culture.

Literature

Baskakov N. A. Russian surnames Turkic origin. - M.: Nauka, 1979.

Dal V.I. Dictionary living Great Russian language, vol. 1-4. - M., 1978-1980.

Trubetskoy N. S. On the problem of Russian self-knowledge. - Paris, 1927.

How to determine nationality by last name? Find out nationality?

This is how I would answer this rather difficult question about nationality based on last name.

In some cases, of course, you can to some extent try to determine nationality by last name, if you know the ending of this last name.

For example, the ending of a surname is: shvili or dze - among Georgians, with: yan - among Armenians, with: ko - among Ukrainians, with: ku - among Moldovans, with: ii - among Poles. However, this is all quite relative, of course. You can also find out nationality by some surnames, for example: Tsoi is Korean.

In general, determining nationality by last name can be very difficult, since many last names are similar. There are many similar surnames, for example, Jews and Germans, Jews and Poles, etc.

Nationality cannot always be determined by last name. IN modern world everything is too mixed up. A person may have Belarusian surname, but only 5% of Belarusian blood. Such a person was born and raised in Kazakhstan, his native language- Kazakh. His appearance is clearly not Slavic, he doesn’t know a word of Belarusian, he’s never been to Belarus itself and has no idea where this country is... Will such a person be considered one of their own in Belarus?))

What if a person with a Caucasian appearance comes up to you and begins to prove with foam at the mouth that he is Russian? With a strong Caucasian accent? Will you believe him?)) But his passport has a Russian surname, and his birth certificate says Russian.

And here’s another question: Is Dmitry Pozharsky a Western Ukrainian or a Pole by nationality?))

Did you know that Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov is a Scot?)) What is there really to think about? His family is of Scottish origin

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin is not Russian, but Tatar!))

Can assume the nationality or ethnic origin of a person by last name, but cannot be determined in any way. A surname can be inherited from a very distant ancestor, from adoptive parents, it can be modified during the preparation of documents. There are similar surnames that are found among people of completely different nationalities. For example, surnames ending in SKY, SKAYA are found among Poles, Russians, Ukrainians, and Jews.

It is possible to determine nationality by surname with a high probability, but it should be borne in mind that that other person could change his surname. Or he could be replaced by the parents or grandparents of this person. And as for general outline then pay attention to the ending, each country and its citizens have special endings on their surnames, so if in Russia the endings -ov- and -ev- are most often used, then in other countries they are their own.

Yes it is possible. Ukrainian surnames have the following endings: -ko, yuk, nik. Examples: Nikitenko, Klimenko, Artmenko, Korotchenko, Linnik, Vinnik, Gnatyuk. There are other Ukrainian surnames. Russian surnames end in -ov, -ev, -iy, -in. Examples: Volkov, Gromov, Popov, Somov, Nikolaev, Grigoriev, Ushansky, Bakin. There are other Russian surnames. The surname Partskhaladze or Pavliashvili indicates that such a person is Georgian. Other Asian surnames are difficult for a Russian person to pronounce. You need to pay attention to famous people from a certain country to determine what nationality a person has. But you can reliably determine nationality from your passport. Although you can ask your interlocutor about this.

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Their surnames end in -ovich, -evich, which corresponds to our patronymics (for example, Serbian. Re: Surnames ending in -ih, -yh, Aslan, 01/08/08 18:30 if you don’t know, don’t write. Re : Surnames ending in -ih, -yh, Whichever is, 11/14/06 22:56 My friend has the surname VISITORS.

What is your nationality if your last name ends in -ih-, -yh-??

My last name ends in -ikh. And I'm Russian. I will add that in the same areas, given names also received the ending in -i/-y, for example, my surname Semenov came from these places in the form “Semyonovs”. And here is another very common surname - Sedykh. Something comes to mind that people in some district in Russia also have such surnames. Eg. There are two musicians, husband and wife, and their last name is Glukhikh.

Almost all surnames are either pure nicknames, once given to an ancestor (Czechs have many such surnames) or from the father, or from the locality (but this is also a variant of the nickname).

Those. Initially, almost any surname was a kind of clarification to the name. At the same time, for example, there was another Ivan in that village. But Sergei's son.

If in the central part of Rus' surnames mostly ended in -ov, -ev, -in, then in Siberia surnames with the same roots ended in -ih, -yh: White, Black, Polish.

The famous linguist B.O. Unbegaun believes that surnames with -ikh and surnames with -ikh can be classified as typically Siberian surnames....,” read more, it’s useful!

Surnames with -ikh and surnames with -ih were brought to Siberia by colonists even before they fell out of use in the northern part of Russia.

My father, for example, had a surname ending in -ov, and his children were recorded under surnames ending in -skikh. This is how the scribes recorded them.

Moreover, interestingly, in these censuses father and son could have surnames with different endings.

In my area there are few of them, but when they exist it can be funny. And to get that very peasant ending. So the presenter announced them like this: “You are performing... Probably depends on the region. I had such an assumption, but then, according to the idea, there should be many similar endings of surnames. Me too: after all, we have Chernov... Because he was a tailor.

Those. the nationality could be any - I have a friend with the surname Litovskikh, who claims that he descends from a Lithuanian who was exiled to Siberia before 1917 for some sins. There was a count, but he became a “type” of serfdom and Soviet power, and there was nothing to find fault with. The situation is the same with “Whites” and “Blacks”.

I quote the version of the owner of the Maryinsky surname: “Some Polish nobleman was exiled to the Urals and he was allowed to settle in a lonely farmstead in the forest. He was a descendant of the disgraced Polish Count Potocki, who, after the defeat of the Confederate uprising, was exiled to Kazan. Petrovich and Russian patronymic Petrovich). For example, the father could be Kozlov, and the son was recorded as Kozlovsky.

In addition, the name is known ethnic group Siberian Tatars Shibanese and family name Crimean Tatars Shiban Murzas. In the Perm region there is locality Shibanovo, and in Ivanovskaya - Shibanikha.

Records from 1570-1578 mention Prince Ivan Andreevich Shiban Dolgoruky; in 1584 - the grooms of Tsar Feodor Ioannovich Osip Shiban and Danilo Shikhman Ermolaevich Kasatkin.

Shabansky. The surname is derived from the names of the settlements Shabanovo, Shabanovskoye, Shabanskoye, located in different parts countries.