Analysis of horse name essay based on Chekhov's story. “Horse Surname”, analysis of Chekhov’s story, essay

In the 80s of the 19th century, when the story “ Horse surname“In the works of A.P. Chekhov, cheerful and cheerful laughter reigns supreme. This is partly explained by circumstances: the beginning of the 80s was not so favorable for the development of caustic satire. Censorship is being tightened in the country as a result of the government reaction. The most successful is light and cheerful laughter at small incidents of everyday life. However, it cannot be said that Chekhov’s talent begins to develop in humorous magazines of an entertaining nature. The writer widely uses his knowledge of Russian classics.

Chekhov's laughter at this time is hyperbolic, and the grotesque is often used. However, there are also stories where the authenticity of life is not compromised. In such stories, the writer pays attention to everyday trifles, but snatches out the most significant and impressive ones. Nevertheless, A.P. Chekhov’s laughter is still cheerful and carefree. This is what happens in the story “The Horse's Name.” When talking about this work, researchers most often use the expression “warm humor.”

As in many of A.P. Chekhov’s early stories, the subject of the image is a small everyday detail, a piece of life. “Major General Buldeev has a toothache.” Next, a whole story unfolds, worthless, but surprisingly important for the heroes of the story. Almost the whole day, all the inhabitants of Buldeev’s house painfully remembered the name of the doctor who “spelled teeth - first class.” It happened that he would turn to the window, whisper, spit, and as if with his hand! Such strength has been given to him...” But there’s just one problem - this healer went to live with his mother-in-law in Saratov. And it is not surprising for the heroes that the miracle doctor treats people from other cities “by telegraph.” General Buldeev was distrustful of Ivan Yevseich’s advice. Yes, the toothache was too strong, and he decided to send a telegram. And again the obstacle is the clerk’s memory. He only remembers that the surname is “like a horse.” The crowd followed Ivan Evseich all day long, inventing various options doctor's last name.

And indeed, Chekhov’s “warm humor” makes itself felt. Well, how can you not smile at them - they come up with the name of a charlatan healer that no one needs; them - hoping for such illusory healing? In the story there is no evil grin at the heroes, no satirical ridicule, so characteristic of the later Chekhov. The author laughs at the tense and painful state of Ivan Yevseich, turning over a wide variety of options in his mind. All one can say is: “How little is needed for happiness!” at the sight of the clerk running towards the estate “with such speed, as if a mad dog was chasing him.”

However, all the hard work of his memory was in vain: the tooth was pulled out by a doctor who came at the request of the general. The situation is comical through and through, permeated with sparkling laughter. The writer is not making fun of anyone, he is simply describing a real-life incident that could happen to anyone. Material from the site

A.P. Chekhov can rightfully be called a successor to the traditions of N.V. Gogol. But Chekhov does not stop and develops his artistic method. And if Gogol had “laughter through tears,” then Chekhov had “laughter to tears.”

Plan

Major General Buldeev had a toothache.
The clerk's story about a healer from Saratov. Buldeev decides to send a telegram.
The clerk, Ivan Yevseich, forgot the doctor’s last name, he only knows that it is connected with horses.
In the morning, the general calls the doctor and pulls out the tooth.
The clerk remembers the name, but it’s too late.

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impressions of the story by ap chekhov horse surname
Chekhov's story horse surname. causes of the disease
a brief retelling of the story horse name
horse surname analysis
Chekhov's horse name, which means "to feed with teeth"

desire to help the patient? What does this mean?

(In this case, Chekhov shows his contemporary life, in which people occupy an unequal position.

I. Sher writes: “But Chekhov did not always laugh cheerfully; very often his stories, seemingly simple and ordinary, about simple and ordinary affairs and days, will only seem funny. One has only to think about them, look deeper into them, and one becomes sad. Here is the story “Horse Surname”... Think carefully, and behind this funny story you will see such a boring and gray life of such rude, ignorant people that probably none of you would want to live with them?

Do you agree with the opinion of I. Sher?

Are the people in the story really rude and ignorant?

Remember the composition of the story - an anecdote (there are no descriptions, reasoning, and the role of dialogue becomes key. Taking this into account, select from the proposed list the means that is most effective for revealing the character of our hero).

Means of revealing the character of the hero.

Prove in text that the general

capricious -

self-confident -

treats servants with contempt and uses abusive, harsh expressions.

Draw a conclusion. What is it like to live next to such a person? Would you like to live like this? Is it funny or sad?

The general is suffering from toothache, and we are experiencing

pity for him? (The writer does not seek to evoke sympathy for him; he makes the reader laugh at the comical situation in which Buldeev finds himself).

How does the general feel about conspiracies? (Counts them

nonsense and charlatanism), and he himself impatiently demands from the clerk that he remember the “Horse name” of the healer, categorically refuses the doctor’s offer to pull out the tooth, and then sends for him himself, as for a savior).

Which of the servants is closest to the master? (Clerk)

Can he be called a comic character?

Why? (Gives advice to contact a healer, takes upon himself the courage to suggest the text of the dispatch. Then he loses his courage and swagger, experiences fear of the angry general (he walked out slowly, sighed heavily), remembering his last name when it was no longer needed, regains self-confidence and the hope of earning general's location).

What methods of creating comics do you know? (hyperbole, inconsistency, surprise). Give examples.

The narrow-mindedness and ignorance of the clerk

excellently conveyed by Chechov. Through the grammatically incorrect speech of Ivan Evseich. Prove it with text.

Ignorance - an offer to contact the excise officer so that he could cure his teeth over the phone.

Speech errors: fed with teeth

Violation of logic in the presentation:

(“served as an excise duty officer… started talking his teeth”)

Statement Inconsistency

“Power has been given to the excise man,” and praise comes to him with the fact that he was fired from the excise duty.

Do you agree with the statement that A.P. Chekhov is one of the brilliant masters of words?

Chekhov spoke about language:

“The language should be simple and elegant...”

“The phrase “(...) must be done - this is art. It is necessary to throw out the unnecessary, to clear the phrase of “as”, “with the help”, we must take care of its musicality and not allow “became” and “stopped” to be almost side by side in the same phrase.

“I don’t want to admit stories without mistakes. You have to get dirty really hard. In a letter to Gorky, Chekhov gave the following advice: “... when reading the text, cross out where you can the definitions of nouns and verbs... It’s clear when I write “The man sat down on the grass; this is understandable because it is clear and does not hold attention. On the contrary, it is incomprehensible and hard on the brain when I write: “A tall, narrow-chested, medium-sized man with a red beard sat down on the green grass, already crushed by pedestrians, sat down silently, timidly and fearfully looking around.”

noun gl noun

The man sat down on the grass.

What were Chekhov’s favorite parts of speech (noun and verb). The phrase must be precise and understandable - this is the second feature of Chekhov’s style.

Chekhov said: “Brevity is the sister of talent”

What other feature of Chekhov's handwriting?

(Handwriting is the manner of writing) The fourth feature is brevity.

Guys, in the composition of a story - an anecdote, there are almost no descriptions or reasoning, and the role of dialogue becomes key.

Dramatization (prepared students)

What significance does this dialogue have in the development of the plot?

(Dialogue - the beginning of the action)

What role does it play in a story/anecdote?

anecdotal word?

(It attracts attention either with the brilliance of wit, or, on the contrary, with absurdity, and takes part in the development

Find the climax in the story's plot.

Pay attention to the illustration in the textbook

(p.283). Find the quote that matches the Kukryniksy illustration.

(“The clerk’s painful thoughts” and the doctor’s neutral behavior, the clerk’s joy and the unnecessaryness of contacting the excise officer)

Find the solution to the plot of the story (2 figs)

Chekhov's ending is always unexpected. This is the second feature of the style.

Is the character different in the life situation?

incident (incident is a complex, complicated case) from oneself in ordinary life? (Answer: quackery is different - he offered 2 figs with contempt)

Did the character manage to overcome the funny situation?

without moral losses? How did he return to normal life?

(He returned to his existence, to his stable ideas about the world, which he abandoned out of fear of a momentary test. Buldeev himself created and himself overcame the anecdotal situation, showing 2 figs with contempt).

It turns out that the story is not only funny, but also serious. This reminds us that in all circumstances “one must be aware of one’s dignity among people.”

With his work, Chekhov asserted not only best qualities people, but also their shortcomings.

“Is laughter a serious matter?”

When you laugh, your body is happy. Fifteen muscles on the face and several dozen on the body first contract and then relax. The pulse accelerates, breathing quickens, the blood is enriched with oxygen. The brain also does not sleep - it reduces sensitivity to pain, as endorphins are produced - substances that kill pain and give pleasure. It is no coincidence that some doctors introduce jokes and laughter into the treatment of various diseases.

Did Chekhov know about this? (Of course, he was a doctor).

Lesson summary.

What did you learn in the lesson? What did you like? Let’s return once again to the topic and goals of the lesson.

Homework.

Write your own story - an anecdote.

If you turn to early creativity Chekhov, then we will see that this is basically short stories satirical in nature, more like jokes with an unexpected ending. Chekhov's story “The Horse's Name” is such a work.

This famous work, in which the writer, as in many of his other works, ridiculed the negative sides of humanity. Chekhov's work "The Horse's Name" is easy to read, in one breath, and, despite the fact that main character suffers from toothache, the whole comedy of the situation evokes not compassion, but laughter.

Chekhov Horse name summary

The storyline of the work “Horse Surname” and its summary are simple and uncomplicated. It all started when the major general woke up with a severe toothache and, in order to relieve it, he began to try all the familiar remedies, refusing the services of a dentist. Neither vodka, nor cognac, nor others helped folk remedies, so the clerk offered him the last option - to turn to a magician who heals with spells. But, the trouble is, he lives in another city, and in order to send a telegram, you need his last name, which the clerk forgot. There was only one association; it seemed to him that the sorcerer’s surname was similar to a “horse” one.

Horse name of Chekhov's hero

Here the whole family was already trying to guess the last name, and the servants got involved. What options were not offered. “Loshadkin”, “Zherebchikov”, “Konyavsky”, “Loshadevich” and the like, but it was not all that. And while the clerk was remembering the name in order to help the major general, the general decided to use the services of a doctor and pulled out a tooth. Summary The story “The Horse's Name” by Chekhov ends with the funniest thing, the clerk still remembered the name and it is not a horse's name, but can only conditionally be considered such, because the magician had the name Ovsov, but it was too late, there was no tooth, so the general only had to show two fig, shouting “Na-mow!”

Chekhov's short story “The Horse's Name” is characterized by the absence of reasoning and descriptions, everything happens quickly, the work itself is built on dialogue. In the work "The Horse's Name" Chekhov's heroes simple people: retired general, his wife and children, servants and clerk. Already at the beginning of the work we see the comical ways in which the major general tried to relieve the pain; the situation with guessing the last name also looks comical.

Reading Chekhov's story, we see that the author uses the inconsistencies between the essence of man and external manifestations. So, a major general, who has a high rank, is afraid to pull out a tooth, he does not believe in conspiracies, but he agrees to treat the tooth over the phone. The general is capricious and ignorant, although he has the highest rank. We also see speech errors, which only enhance the comic nature of the work, among them “use”, “if which”, “scold”.

In general, the work describes and, indeed, life situation. Regardless of position and social status, who hasn’t experienced a situation where you need to remember something very important, but just can’t do it. It’s like the word is on the tip of our tongue, but we can’t pronounce it, we’re just talking about associations that, in the end, were from a completely different area. As we can see, Chekhov not only masterfully described the comical life situation of everyone, but also recreated psychological images.

In the 80s of the 19th century, when the story “The Horse's Name” was created, cheerful and cheerful laughter reigned supreme in the works of A.P. Chekhov. This is partly explained by circumstances: the beginning of the 80s was not so favorable for the development of caustic satire. Censorship is tightening in the country as a result of the government reaction. The most successful thing is to laugh lightly and cheerfully at small everyday incidents. Everyday life. However, it cannot be said that Chekhov’s talent begins to develop in humorous and entertaining magazines. The writer widely uses his knowledge of Russian classics.

Chekhov's laughter at this time is hyperbolic, and the grotesque is often used. However, there are also stories where the authenticity of life is not compromised. In such stories, the writer pays attention to everyday details, but highlights the most significant and impressive ones. Nevertheless, A.P. Chekhov’s laughter is still cheerful and carefree. This is what happens in the story “The Horse's Name.” When talking about this work, researchers most often use the expression “warm humor.”

As in many of A.P. Chekhov’s early stories, the subject of the image is a small everyday detail, a piece of life. "Major General Buldeev has a toothache." Next, a whole story unfolds, worthless, but surprisingly important for the heroes of the story. Almost the whole day, all the inhabitants of Buldeev’s house painfully remembered the name of the doctor, who “spoke with his teeth - the first class. It happened that he would turn to the window, whisper, spit - and as if with his hand! Such strength was given to him...”. But there’s just one problem - this healer went to live with his mother-in-law in Saratov. And it is not surprising for the heroes that the miracle doctor treats people from other cities “by telegraph”. General Buldeev was distrustful of Ivan Yevseich’s advice. Yes, the toothache was too strong, and he decided to send a telegram. And again the obstacle is the clerk's memory. He only remembers that the surname is “like a horse.” A crowd followed Ivan Yevseich all day long, coming up with various variations of the doctor’s last name.

And indeed, Chekhov’s “warm humor” makes itself felt. Well, how can you not smile at them - they come up with the name of a charlatan healer that no one needs; them - hoping for such illusory healing? In the story there is no evil grin at the heroes, no satirical ridicule, so characteristic of the later Chekhov. The author laughs at the tense and painful state of Ivan Yevseich, turning over a wide variety of options in his mind. All you can say is: “How little is needed for happiness!” at the sight of the clerk running towards the estate “with such speed, as if a mad dog was chasing him.”

Plan

Major General Buldeev had a toothache. The clerk's story about a healer from Saratov. Buldeev decides to send a telegram. The clerk, Ivan Yevseich, forgot the doctor’s last name, he only knows that it is connected with horses. In the morning, the general calls the doctor and pulls out the tooth. The clerk remembers the name, but it’s too late.

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In my opinion, Chekhov in his story “The Horse's Name” revealed several problems, or rather, several striking properties of people. I will try to isolate them from a story that undoubtedly brings humor and a smile to even the saddest people.

Firstly, the situation itself occurs with a person who holds the rank of general, a very high rank. Even people who stand above others in society have teeth pain; by this the author shows that any person is mortal, and both the poor and the rich will lie in the coffin.

Secondly, just look at the noise and commotion the heroes made just because the general had a toothache. If an ordinary private had a toothache, then none of these scenes could have happened, because the attitude towards a subordinate is much worse than towards a general, and the pain of a subordinate is just another news for the conditional residents of the house, while the general’s illness is universal tragedy.

Thirdly, the author makes fun of our human despair. After all, Buldeev initially refuses to pull out the tooth, as the doctor advises, and he also refuses the clerk’s advice to write to the conspirator of the teeth. What happens next? It’s worth experiencing pain in your teeth for a while, it’s worth blaspheming thoughts about a possible, albeit illusory, salvation in your head, and you’re ready to believe in a miracle, to believe in a conspirator. And all this is not happening to some village boy who believes in superstitions and magic, this is happening to a general who has lived his life.

This is how the author conveys to the reader that pain can change a person’s mood, can break a person to such an extent that he falls into despair, in which he believes in what he has denied all his life. As for the main events, we see how the whole house: children, wife, servants are on edge, and everyone is helping the clueless clerk remember his last name. When a whole day passes in pain and torment, then only the main character Buldeev decides to call a doctor and pull out a tooth, which again indicates that pain can break people, be it physical or psychological pain.

I also think that the author ridicules a trait that is supposedly characteristic of the Russian people; let me put it in the proverb: “A Russian is smart, but with hindsight.” This proverb means that a Russian person thinks of something important only when it is too late, when it is no longer necessary. This is clearly illustrated in a situation where the clerk runs to the general to inform good news that he remembered the last name, but it was too late - “missing it!”

Analysis 2

One of early works A short story by A.P. Chekhov “The Horse's Name” is considered. The reader is presented with a solution to the problem of how to cure an inflamed tooth for an important landowner?

The story is real, a simple situation. The main character is a senior military official, and the clerk is trying to help him. In the background are the general's wife, servants, and children. An unpleasant incident happened. Chief member family - the general felt pain from an inflamed tooth. Going through various ways execution of the intended problem, they reach the point where they need someone first called a “charlatan”, and now very necessary person- Yakov Vasilievich. The author also involved the children in guessing the name of the “magic” doctor.

Let's make a profile for the major general. Since he was brought up in rich family, then behaves accordingly. He shouts at the servants, at the end of the work he showed two “cookies” to the clerk.
The author constructed the work in such a way that the situation looks comical. Causes laughter when listing names associated with a horse. Although, the “true” surname Ovsov has little relation to the “horse” one.

The beginning of the story draws the reader into solving mysterious surname to cure an important person - a retired general, who is bothered by an inflamed tooth. The picture would have looked different if the pain bothered any of the servants, but here everyone began to go through all the possible options for “witchcraft,” even by “telegraph.”

IN this work ridicules the “illiteracy” in relation to the treatment of the “high strata”, the primitiveness in awareness of “witchcraft” and the impact on long distance. Social inequality, ignorance, rude attitude towards servants, abuse of one’s position in society.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov tries his best short stories show all the absurdity and stupidity in the behavior above standing people who are ready to listen even to “ridiculous” ideas and implement them. The end of the plot is as follows: “The clerk remembers the name, but the general did it too late correct solution and agreed to let the doctor pull out the tooth. As a result, the pain goes away immediately.”

This work with satirical content would not have existed if our main character had immediately allowed his aching molar to be pulled out. Everyone is ready to go through the “earth” to find a cure for an important gentleman and do not spare their health and strength to achieve their goal.

The unique insightful mind of the writer finds and reflects on paper various small situations in life that are relevant to this day, only the landowners have reincarnated into the highest ranks of military service and supervisors at work. Unfortunately, to this day there is social inequality between the relations of people and “healers are charlatans” who do not benefit health, but take away large amounts money.

However, in this work A.P. Chekhov wins “ common sense“And the end of the work is positive, when they pulled out the object of pain, the jaw immediately stopped hurting. How often, we do not take easy paths, but create huge problems for ourselves. And the solution may be much easier and very close.

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