Basic colors and universal colors - what's the difference. Tips for beginners: primary and secondary colors

Test work 6th gradeI quarter(option 1)

Which color is not composite colors?

The color is:

8. What color is there?

9. Red, blue, yellow are the colors...

10. Line, stroke, tone - basic means artistic expression:

11. Preliminary drawing for the work, reflecting the search the best composition:

.12. A quick drawing to study nature:

13.

15. What is another name for spatial art forms??

Test work 6th gradeI quarter(option 2)

1. Line, stroke, tone - the main means of artistic expression:

a) painting; b) sculptures; c) graphs

2. Preliminary drawing for the work, reflecting the search for the best composition:

a) sketch; b) sketch; c) sketch

.3. A quick drawing to study nature:

a) sketch; b) sketch; c) sketch

4. Works of which art form have a three-dimensional volume:

a) architecture, b) graphics, c) sculpture, d) painting

5..Which of the following refers to temporary forms of art?

a) painting b) literature c) sculpture d) design

6. What is another name for spatial art??

a) constructive b) decorative c) figurative d) plastic

7. What art materials include pencils, crayons, ink, charcoal, sanguine, pastel?

a) architectural b) graphic c) sculptural d) picturesque

What types of plastic arts are considered fine?

Graphic arts; b) architecture; c) design; d) painting; d) sculpture

Write down the sequence of colors in the spectrum.

Which color is not a primary color?

a) red; b) yellow; c) green; d) blue

Which color is not composite colors?

Orange; b) green; c) purple; d) yellow

To get lightness you need to add:

A) yellow; b) White color; V) grey colour

The color is:

a) light waves of a certain length; b) polar opposition

c) the relationship of all color elements

Does not apply to achromatic colors:

black; b) white; c) brown

15. What color is it?

a) local, b) well-fed, c) foggy, d) saturated, e) light,

16. Red, blue, yellow are the colors...

a) Cold; b) warm; c) additional colors; d) primary colors.

Knowledge of the law of drawing up color combinations and the color wheel allows you to work without errors with different color palettes and create a variety of color combinations.

Introducing ten types of color combinations:

Achromatic colors

Achromatic colors (without admixture of shades), i.e. pure ones do not exist in nature. Black (or grey) will always have an undertone. As brightness decreases, all colors tend to black. And, conversely, with increasing brightness they tend to white.

Primary colors

Main on color wheel are: yellow, red and blue. These colors form the foundation of the color wheel.

In the hands of experienced artist paints of only these colors, as well as white and black, will create all the others.

Composite colors

The colors of the second rank include: green, purple, orange. They are obtained by pairwise mixing of the main ones: yellow, red and blue. Mixing yellow and blue colors, get green. Red and yellow form orange. Red and blue form purple. So, we get the following composite colors: purple, green, orange.

Complex colors

Complex ones are obtained by combining three component colors with nearby primary colors. For example, let's take Orange color. It was obtained by mixing yellow and red colors. So, to obtain complex colors, for example, orange, we mix it with its parents - yellow and red. The result will be yellow and red-orange colors. Thus, the rest are mixed as well. After this we get six new complex colors: red-orange, yellow-green, blue-violet; blue-green, yellow-orange, red-violet. It is noteworthy that on the color wheel they will be at the same distance from each other, while occupying an intermediate place between the components.

We will get the entire existing gamut of colors by darkening or lightening these colors to one degree or another.

Contrasting colors

A pair of colors is considered contrasting when there are three intermediate colors between them on the circle. There are six such pairs on the color wheel. To achieve bright, eye-catching combinations, we use contrasting colors to add a subtle accent. For example, let's take the blue color on yellow paper. A different impression arises when using whitened contrasting combinations (adding achromatic colors), using gray-blue and creamy yellow. The more contrasting colors are washed out, the less restrictions there will be in applying them to one space. Achromatic colors can save a different selection of colors, even contrasting ones if necessary.

Additional colors

Complementary colors on the color wheel are considered to be directly opposite colors.

In fact, complementary colors practically “destroy” each other.

Obtained as a result of mixing, a person perceives this eye color as one of the gray shades.

Monochromatic colors

Monochromatic colors are usually called a combination of brightness and saturation in the same color. Such combinations are also called nuanced. The work uses shades of the same color.

Related colors

Three consecutive colors or their shades on a circle are called related. Select any color on the color wheel and add both adjacent ones on the side segments to it. This color selection is also called harmonious. There are 12 triplets of this kind.

Neutral colors

To obtain a neutral color, you need to take a pair of adjacent colors on the color wheel within two lines and smooth out one of them by adding a related shade or “dilute” using achromatic (white or black).

Related-contrasting colors

These colors are located on the circle directly from the left and from right sides from its complementary color.

If you are engaged in painting or simply use paints in your work or creativity, then you should definitely find out what additional colors are, what shades they are, how to get and use them. This will come in handy both with a brush and when working on modern graphics tablets.

Studying the spectrum: primary and secondary colors

Each of you has at least once seen in books an image of a rainbow stripe or circle, where one color smoothly transitions into another in the sequence in which they are located and in natural phenomenon- rainbow. These are not made up, but a real display of the distribution of shades when a beam of white light is divided into components. Each color corresponds to a specific wavelength.

This is called a spectrum. It is used by artists and designers when selecting tones and their beautiful combinations for your works. There are three primary colors - red, blue and yellow. You can also hear the term primary. These colors cannot be obtained by mixing any paints or colored rays. The remaining shades are considered composite, as they are derivatives of the main ones. Usually, in contrast to the main ones, additional colors are indicated, which are obtained by mixing the first with each other: orange, made up of yellow and red, green - from yellow and blue, and violet - from red and blue. If you mechanically mix the three primary colors, you get black. In the case of optical overlay, white appears.

Pairs of additional colors

So, complementary colors are those that are located at opposite ends of lines drawn through the center of the spectral circle. To make it easier for you to navigate in practice, you need to remember three main pairs: yellow and purple, red and green, orange and blue. The remaining shades can be easily determined by moving the line corresponding to the diameter to the desired angle.

How to get complementary colors in painting

Paint pigments in modern sets are usually varied, therefore, when working with a palette, you can use many ready-made colors, making up the desired shades from them. If on initial stage If you doubt what you need to add to the existing color, you can always use the spectrum as a hint, a diagram.

In fact, it is not at all necessary to buy a set of paints with big amount ready-made shades. It is easy to obtain the entire possible range on your own, having only the primary colors (blue, red, yellow). To change the saturation of an additional composite shade, black and white colors will be required. A problem can only arise if the box contains some shade of it instead of a pure spectral color, for example, blue-green, purple, burgundy. When choosing a set of paints, be sure to ensure that it contains pure primary colors, then it will not be difficult for you to prepare additional ones.

Painting in digital format

In the world modern technologies even artists are moving beyond monitor screens and electronic input devices. Working on a tablet, you create your painting not on paper, but on a display screen, actually mixing not paints, but outgoing rays of light.

The term "color space" is commonly used in computer graphics programs and refers to a model for displaying hues digitally. Each color is characterized by numerical parameters in the selected coordinate system. It can be three-dimensional or multidimensional, depending on the number of axes used, that is, color parameters. The simplest and most understandable color models are RGB and CMYK. The first is used to visualize images on the screen (TV, monitor), and the second is used when printing on a four-color device, for example, a regular office printer.

Thus, when drawing on a tablet, you will choose shades of colors, each of which has its own numerical characteristic, consisting of three values.

How to choose for a painting

No matter how you create your work, with a brush on canvas or a stylus on a graphics tablet, all paint colors must be selected so that they are in harmony. This is easy to do using the spectrum.

There are several ways:

Use only the warm part of the shades (those with a yellow component).
Choose exclusively cool colors based on blue.
Try a contrasting option - a combination of one primary color and an additional component color, as well as their shades.
Experiment with achromatic tones (black - gray - white), adding any spectral shade.

These are just the most simple ways obtaining harmonious, vibrant combinations in work.

So, paint colors are closely related. All the variety of shades can not only be systematized, but also used strictly in accordance with theoretical knowledge in color science. It is in this case that your work, both hand-made and digital, will be the most interesting and effective.

Unleash diversity color range in painting.

Fine art 2nd grade Topic 1. Three basic colors that create the multicolored world

Lesson type: lesson on learning new knowledge

Goal: To reveal the variety of colors in painting.

Lesson objectives:

Development of the ability to independently determine the topic and purpose of the lesson;

Acquaintance with primary and composite colors, the concept of painting through observation of color combinations in nature;

Mastering primary painting skills through the “living paint” technique.

Planned results:

Subject:

Find in surrounding reality images made by artists;

Talk about the content of drawings made by children;

Look at illustrations (drawings) in children's books.

Characteristics of students' activities:

Observe color combinations in nature;

Mix paints directly on a sheet of paper using the “living paint” technique;

Master primary painting skills;

Draw various flowers from memory and impression based on mixing three primary colors.

Equipment:

Visual and musical sequence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uySNMYNk5TU, “Waltz of the Flowers”

Literary series: poem by A. Shlygin “ Multi-colored ball earthly", "Three colors".

For students: gouache, palette, paper, water, tables on color science. textbook art. Art and you. 2nd grade by E.I. Koroteeva.

Organizational stage

Greetings:

We came here to study

Don't be lazy, but work.

We work diligently

Let's listen carefully.

Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson. Motivation educational activities students.

Acquaintance with the textbook “Art and You” by B. Nemensky, workbook.

Look at your paint set. What three colors would you call the main ones?

Under the video about flowers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uySNMYNk5TU

The teacher reads A. Shlygin’s poem “The Multi-Colored Globe.” (after watching, students answer the question: What colors, in addition to the three main ones, exist around us?)

"Multi-colored globe"

If only white flowers bloomed in the field. You and I would soon get tired of admiring them. If only yellow flowers bloomed in the field, you and I would miss you

From such beauty!

It’s good that there are daisies, roses, asters, cornflowers, dandelions and porridges, forget-me-nots and oak trees! Chamomile is white, carnation is red. The color of the foliage is green, It's so beautiful!

Children's answers.

What do you think we will talk about in today's lesson?

Primary assimilation of new knowledge.

How many colors and their shades fill our world! What do you think can be used to achieve such a multicolored world? (mixing three primary colors). What to do if you have small set colors, and you need to show different colors and shades. It turns out that you can do this with only three colors: red, yellow and blue. Now we will all play the role of wizards together and transform these three colors into others. The guys on the first row will mix blue and red on the palette, on the second row - yellow and blue, and I will mix yellow with red.

When working with gouache, you need to put more paint on the brush than water. We take one color on the brush, put it on the palette, rinse the brush, if necessary, blot the brush with a cloth, take another color and mix it with the previous one.

Initial check of understanding

Let's check what happened. Listen carefully to the poems and answer those guys whose color is heard.

Three colors, three colors, three colors

Where can we get green and orange?

What if we mix paints in pairs?

From blue and red (this one)

We will get the color ... (purple) (answer of row 1)

Let's mix blue and yellow.

What color do we get? (green) (answer 2 rows)

And red plus yellow is no secret to everyone,

Of course they will give it to us...(orange color) (all together)

The new colors we have received are called composite colors.

Primary consolidation.

Let's name them again.

Composite colors

Blue Red Purple

Yellow Blue Green

Yellow Red Orange

Who remembers the rules of working with gouache and can repeat them?

Explanation of the task

The beauty of nature inspires composers to compose music, poets and writers to write poems and stories, and artists to paint their wonderful paintings (showing reproductions using a presentation). There are many bright, rich colors and their combinations in nature. You will see them on the wings of butterflies, in the plumage of birds, in flowering plants. The most important thing for an artist is to see the beauty of nature, people, animals and be able to express his attitude towards it in a work of art.

Before completing the task, admire the flowers, their shape, color, shades of colors while watching the video “Waltz of the Flowers”

P.I. Tchaikovsky http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9a4DnEWXMHM

What do you think you have to portray?

Draw flowers using primary and secondary colors.

Physical education minute

(conducted by the teacher at any time according to the need and condition of the children)

Hands raised and shook -

These are trees in the forest.

Arms bent, hands shaken -

The wind blows away the dew.

To the side of the hand, wave it smoothly -

These are the birds flying towards us.

We'll show you how they sit down quietly -

The wings were folded back.

Exercise. There are prepared flower shapes on the tables. It is necessary to do them in color using the “live brush” technique, i.e. without using a palette. The bouquets of flowers that you brought will help you with this. When working, follow the rules for working with a brush and gouache (remember again, there are cards with working rules on the tables).

Operating rules

Don't put too much water on your brush. Blot excess water with a cloth. Rinse the brush with water. Use a little more paint than water.

Three basic colors that build the multicolored world.

Using 3 primary colors

Mixing 3 primary colors

Compliance with the rules of working with gouache

Independence

Accuracy

Mood (add a smiley face):

Pedrisunok (“living brush”)

Independent work.

During work, “Waltz of the Flowers” by P.I. is played. Tchaikovsky.

Compilation of collective work.

Children, completing the task individually, may not realize until the end of the lesson that they are participating in teamwork. The collective composition presented by the teacher at the end of the lesson becomes a pleasant surprise for them. Large and beautiful, it brings students a feeling of joy and pride, as children realize their involvement in a real “work of art” that can decorate any interior.

Lesson summary.

Viewing and analysis of children's work. When summing up the lesson, the teacher emphasizes how the children were able to convey the beauty of flowers using 3 primary colors, how they showed their observation skills and skills in working with gouache.

What primary colors have you studied?

How to get composite colors?

Reflection.

Who is happy with their job today? Attach a yellow flower to the vase.

For those who were able to correctly convey the colors in the drawing, but had difficulties mixing the colors, attach a blue flower.

For those who have not mastered 6 colors enough, attach a red flower.

Homework.

Complete the task in workbook on page 4, 5.

Thanks for the lesson!

Astronomer, writer, chemist, physicist, philosopher - Isaac Newton. And he once conducted an experiment with a prism through which an ordinary sunlight. Imagine the natural scientist’s surprise when he saw white light - a real rainbow. And then, in the course of further experiments, other scientists realized that in fact there are only three primary colors.

Every hunter wants to know...

Everyone is Red

Hunter - Orange

Wishes - Yellow

Know – Green

Where - Blue

Sitting - Blue

Pheasant – Purple

This well-known mnemonic encrypts all the primary colors of the spectrum. Observant people have already noticed that there is no black and white here. But such states are usually not considered in the spectrum, and therefore they are not included in the proverb.

However, from all this diversity, scientists have identified only three primary colors - blue, red and yellow. And all other colors, tones, halftones and shades are obtained from mixing these three colors. As this is well known, for example, to artists who are familiar with the palette and know how to achieve the desired shade.

Man and colors

The human eye is able to perceive colors because the retina has three types of special cones that work independently. They contain different pigments that respond to certain colors, red, green and so on.

In fact, each cone reacts to all light waves (except ultraviolet and infrared), but “its own color” is felt better by the pigment. Then the received signals are transmitted to the brain and it then analyzes the information received and gives us an understanding of this or that shade.

It is interesting that primary colors cannot be called a property of the color itself; rather, they are determined by the human ability to distinguish them. In addition, this is influenced by various technical technologies that reproduce color.

From the point of view of psychophysiology, scientists believe that there are actually four “pure” ones - red, green, yellow and blue. Among them, yellow and blue form one axis in color contrast, and red and green form another. However, there are people who cannot distinguish between primary colors or any individual shades. They are called colorblind. Contrary to popular belief, they do not see the world as black and white photograph, but simply cannot perceive specific colors well.