State Russian Museum: history of creation. State Russian Museum Russian Museum exhibits

Anyone who loves Russian painting has probably been to the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg (opened in 1897). Of course have . But it is in the Russian Museum that the main masterpieces of such artists as Repin, Bryullov, Aivazovsky are kept.

If we remember Bryullov, we immediately think of his masterpiece “The Last Day of Pompeii”. If you talk about Repin, then the picture “Barge Haulers on the Volga” appears in your head. If we remember Aivazovsky, we will remember “The Ninth Wave”.

And this is not the limit. “Night on the Dnieper” and “Merchant’s Wife”. These iconic paintings Kuindzhi and Kustodieva are also in the Russian Museum.

Any guide will show you these works. And you yourself are unlikely to pass by them. So I simply have to tell you about these masterpieces.

Adding a couple of my favorites, albeit not the most “promoted” ones (“Akhmatova” by Altman and “The Last Supper” by Ge).

1. Bryullov. The last day of Pompeii. 1833

Karl Bryullov. The last day of Pompeii. 1833 State Russian Museum

4 years of preparation. Another 1 year of continuous work with paints and brushes. Several fainting spells in the workshop. And here is the result - 30 square meters, which depict last minutes the lives of the inhabitants of Pompeii (in the 19th century the name of the city was feminine).

For Bryullov, everything was not in vain. I think there was no artist in the world whose painting, just one painting, would have created such a sensation.

People flocked to the exhibition to see the masterpiece. Bryullov was literally carried in their arms. He was dubbed the revived one. And Nicholas I honored the artist with a personal audience.

What struck Bryullov’s contemporaries so much? And even now it will not leave the viewer indifferent.

We see a very tragic moment. In a few minutes all these people will die. But this doesn’t put us off. Because we are fascinated by... Beauty.

The beauty of people. The beauty of destruction. The beauty of disaster.

Look how harmonious everything is. The red hot sky goes perfectly with the red clothes of the girls on the right and left. And how spectacularly two statues fall under a lightning strike. I'm not even talking about the athletic figure of a man on a rearing horse.

On the one hand, the picture is about a real disaster. Bryullov copied the poses of people from those who died in Pompeii. The street is also real; it can still be seen in the city cleared of ashes.

But the beauty of the characters makes what happened look like ancient myth. As if the beautiful gods were angry with beautiful people. And we are not so sad.

2. Aivazovsky. Ninth wave. 1850

Ivan Aivazovsky. Ninth wave. 221 x 332 cm. 1850 Russian Museum, St. Petersburg. Wikipedia.org

This is Aivazovsky's most famous painting. Which even people far from art know. Why is she so famous?

People are always fascinated by the struggle between man and the elements. Preferably with a happy ending.

There is more than enough of this in the film. It couldn't be more action-packed. Six survivors desperately cling to the mast. Rolling nearby a big wave, ninth wave. Another one follows her. People face a long and terrible struggle for life.

But it's already dawn. The sun breaking through the torn clouds is hope for salvation.

Aivazovsky’s poetry, just like Bryullov’s, is stunningly beautiful. Of course, the sailors have a hard time. But we can’t help but admire the transparent waves, sun glare and lilac sky.

Therefore, this painting produces the same effect as the previous masterpiece. Beauty and drama in one bottle.

3. Ge. Last Supper. 1863

Nikolay Ge. last supper. 283 x 382 cm. 1863 State Russian Museum. Tanais.info

The two previous masterpieces of Bryullov and Aivazovsky were received with delight by the public. But with Ge’s masterpiece everything was more complicated. Dostoevsky, for example, did not like her. She seemed too down to earth to him.

But the churchmen were most dissatisfied. They were even able to achieve a ban on the release of reproductions. That is, the general public could not see it. Right up until 1916!

Why such a mixed reaction to the picture?

Remember how the Last Supper was depicted before Ge. At least . A table along which Christ and the 12 apostles sit and eat. Judas is among them.

For Nikolai Ge, everything is different. Jesus reclines. Which was exactly in line with the Bible. This is exactly how the Jews ate food 2000 years ago, in the Eastern way.

Christ has already made his terrible prediction that one of his disciples will betray him. He already knows that it will be Judas. And asks him to do what he has in mind without delay. Judas leaves.

And just at the door we seem to encounter him. He throws his cloak over himself to go into the darkness. Both literally and figuratively. His face is almost invisible. And his ominous shadow falls on those who remain.

Unlike Bryullov and Aivazovsky, there are more complex emotions here. Jesus deeply but humbly feels the betrayal of his disciple.

Peter is outraged. He has a hot character, he jumped up and looked after Judas in bewilderment. John cannot believe what is happening. He is like a child who has encountered injustice for the first time.

And there are less than twelve apostles. Apparently, for Ge it was not so important to fit everyone in. For the church, this was fundamental. Hence the censorship bans.

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4. Repin. Barge Haulers on the Volga. 1870-1873

Ivan Repin. Barge Haulers on the Volga. 131.5 x 281 cm. 1870-1873. State Russian Museum. Wikipedia.org

Ilya Repin saw barge haulers for the first time on the Niva. And I was so struck by their pitiful appearance, especially in contrast to the summer residents vacationing nearby, that the decision to paint the picture immediately matured.

Repin did not paint sleek summer residents. But there is still contrast in the picture. The dirty rags of the barge haulers are contrasted with the idyllic landscape.

Maybe for the 19th century it didn’t look so provocative. But for a modern person, this type of worker seems depressing.

Moreover, Repin depicted a steamship in the background. Which could be used as a tug so as not to torture people.

In reality, barge haulers were not so disadvantaged. They were fed well and were always allowed to sleep after lunch. And during the season they earned so much that in the winter they could feed themselves without working.

Repin took a highly horizontally elongated canvas for the painting. And he chose the angle of view well. The barge haulers come towards us, but do not block each other. We can easily consider each of them.

And the most important barge hauler with the face of a sage. And a young guy who can’t get used to the strap. And the penultimate Greek, who looks back at the goner.

Repin was personally acquainted with everyone in the harness. He had long conversations with them about life. That's why they turned out to be so different, each with their own character.

5. Kuindzhi. Moonlit night on the Dnieper. 1880

Arkhip Kuindzhi. Moonlight night on the Dnieper. 105 x 144 cm. 1880. State Russian Museum. Rusmuseum.ru

“Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” is Kuindzhi’s most famous work. And no wonder. The artist himself very effectively introduced her to the public.

He organized a personal exhibition. It was dark in the exhibition hall. Only one lamp was directed at the only painting in the exhibition, “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper.”

People looked at the picture in fascination. The bright greenish light of the moon and the lunar path was hypnotizing. The outlines of a Ukrainian village are visible. Only part of the walls, illuminated by the moon, protrudes from the darkness. Silhouette of a mill against the backdrop of an illuminated river.

The effect of realism and fantasy at the same time. How did the artist achieve such “special effects”?

In addition to mastery, Mendeleev also had a hand here. He helped Kuindzhi create a paint composition that shimmered especially in the twilight.

It would seem that the artist has an amazing quality. Be able to promote your own work. But he did it unexpectedly. Almost immediately after this exhibition, Kuindzhi spent 20 years as a recluse. He continued to paint, but did not show his paintings to anyone.

Even before the exhibition, the painting was purchased by Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (grandson of Nicholas I). He was so attached to the painting that he took it trip around the world. The salty, humid air contributed to the darkening of the canvas. Alas, that hypnotic effect cannot be returned.

6. Altman. Portrait of Akhmatova. 1914

Nathan Altman. Portrait of Anna Akhmatova. 123 x 103 cm. 1914 State Russian Museum. Rusmuseum.ru

Altman’s “Akhmatova” is very bright and memorable. Speaking about the poetess, many will remember this particular portrait of her. Surprisingly, she didn’t like him herself. The portrait seemed strange and “bitter” to her, judging by her poems.

In fact, even the poetess’s sister admitted that in those pre-revolutionary years Akhmatova was like that. A true representative of modernity.

Young, slender, tall. Her angular figure is perfectly echoed by the “shrubs” in the cubist style. And a bright blue dress goes well with a sharp knee and a protruding shoulder.

He managed to convey the appearance of a stylish and extraordinary woman. However, he himself was like that.

Altman did not understand artists who could work in a dirty studio and not notice the crumbs in their beard. He himself was always dressed to the nines. And he even sewed underwear to order according to his own sketches.

It was also difficult to deny him his originality. Once he caught cockroaches in his apartment, he painted them in different colors. He painted one gold, called him a “laureate” and released him with the words “That cockroach will be surprised!”

7. Kustodiev. Merchant's wife having tea. 1918

Boris Kustodiev. Merchant's wife having tea. 120 x 120 cm. 1918. State Russian Museum. Artchive.ru

“The Merchant's Wife” by Kustodiev is a cheerful picture. On it we see a good, well-fed world of merchants. A heroine with skin lighter than the sky. A cat with a face similar to the face of its owner. A pot-bellied, polished samovar. Watermelon on a rich dish.

What might we think of an artist who painted such a picture? That the artist knows a lot about a well-fed life. That he loves curvy women. And that he is clearly a lover of life.

And here's how it really happened.

If you noticed, the picture was painted during the revolutionary years. The artist and his family lived extremely poorly. Thoughts only about bread. Hard life.

Why such abundance when there is devastation and hunger all around? So Kustodiev tried to capture a beautiful life that was irretrievably gone.

What about the ideal female beauty? Yes, the artist said that thin women do not inspire him to create. Nevertheless, in life he preferred just such people. His wife was also slender.

Kustodiev was cheerful. Which is amazing, since by the time the picture was painted he had already been confined to a wheelchair for 3 years. He was diagnosed with bone tuberculosis back in 1911.

Kustodiev's attention to detail is very unusual for the time when the avant-garde flourished. We see every drying item on the table. Walking near the Gostiny Dvor. And a fine fellow trying to keep his horse running. All this looks like a fairy tale, a fable. Which once existed, but ended.

Summarize:

If you want to see the main masterpieces of Repin, Kuindzhi, Bryullov or Aivazovsky, go to the Russian Museum.

“The Last Day of Pompeii” by Bryullov is about the beauty of the disaster.

“The Ninth Wave” by Aivazovsky is about the scale of the elements.

“The Last Supper” by Ge is about the awareness of imminent betrayal.

“Barge Haulers” by Repin is about a hired worker in the 19th century.

“Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” is about the soul of light.

“Portrait of Akhmatova” by Altman is about the ideal of a modern woman.

“The Merchant's Wife” by Kustodiev is about an era that cannot be returned.

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In contact with

The Russian Museum is the largest collection of paintings and sculptures by Russian authors. The museum's exposition is located in five buildings. The most important thing is the Mikhailovsky Palace.

In total, the museum has approximately 4 million exhibits, and the collection is currently constantly growing.

Within the walls of the museum, a lot of research work is carried out, lectures and seminars are held for children and adults.

You can purchase a subscription.

By the way, this is the museum that St. Petersburg residents love more than any other. Even more than .

History of the Russian Museum

The State Russian Museum became the first place in the country where works of the greatest Russian painters and sculptors are stored.

The main building of the museum, the Mikhailovsky Palace, was built for the youngest son of Paul I, Mikhail. The architect was Carl Rossi. After the death of the Grand Duke, his heirs sold the palace to the city treasury.

In 1895, the Russian Museum named after Emperor Alexander III was established in the palace building according to the decree of Nicholas II. Thus began the glorious history of the Russian Museum.

The basis of the permanent collection are paintings that once belonged to the Hermitage, the Academy of Arts and the Winter Palace.

Some of the paintings were purchased from private collectors, some were donated by patrons.

Emperor Nicholas II donated his own funds to purchase new exhibits. In the first ten years, the collection almost doubled.

During the years of revolution and war, none of the exhibits were damaged. Some were evacuated to the Urals, some were hidden in the basement of the building.

Currently, work is underway in the museum building. research papers The department for restoration of museum property is considered the best in Russia. Art objects from all over the country are brought here to restore their former appearance.

What you need to know about the museum

All paintings of the State Russian Museum were created by Russian artists(or artists who lived in Russia) - from ancient pre-Mongol icons (of course by Andrei Rublev, Dionysius and Semyon Ushakov) to the painting of the second half of the 19th century century and modern art.

In the largest halls of the Mikhailovsky Palace, paintings by members of the Imperial Academy of Arts are presented, in smaller halls you can see paintings by the Wanderers (famous paintings by Repin, Surikov, Savrasov, Shishkin, Vasnetsov, Levitan, and so on).

The Benois building (annex of the Mikhailovsky Palace) houses famous Russian avant-garde art. Unfortunately, this is where the composition of the Russian museum ends.

Museum staff often organize lectures, meetings with historians and interesting people, collaborate with the best art collections and supervise the work of about 700 museums throughout Russia.

Contact Information

Opening hours of the Russian Museum: from 10 to 17, it is closed on Tuesday.

If you are afraid of queues, then it is better not to go there on Monday. On this day the Hermitage is closed and all tourists come here.

Better postpone your visit to Thursday and Friday.

According to museum staff, there is less tourist flow these days.

Another little trick: on the side of the Benoit building there are another ticket office, but for some reason few people know about them. The queue there is much shorter. But the museum’s exhibition will have to be viewed in reverse chronological order (that is, from avant-garde artists to ancient icons).

The ticket price for adult citizens of the Russian Federation is 250 rubles, for students - 150 rubles.

For 600 rubles. (reduced price - 300) you can buy a ticket for three days. The price includes visits to all five buildings.

Unfortunately, the official website of the Russian Museum rusmuseum.ru is not very informative, and there are no ticket reservations on it either. All events from the life of the museum can be found in the group of the same name " In contact with ».

Paintings in the Russian Museum

Kazimir Malevich, Self-Portrait

Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Mikhail Nesterov

Reason, Viggo Wallenskold

Diner, Ralph Goings

Our Lady of Tenderness of Evil Hearts, Petrov-Vodkin

Running, Alexander Deineka

From the very moment of its creation, the Russian Museum was considered primarily as a collection of Russian painting. Nowadays his collection includes about 15 thousand works by painters of the 18th-20th centuries. By the time the museum opened, its collection numbered about four hundred paintings. The core of the collection consisted of receipts from three main sources - the Hermitage, the Academy of Arts and the imperial palaces - the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg and suburban ones.

Media library

Virtual tour created on the basis of a temporary exhibition held at the Russian Museum from December 22, 2016 to March 20, 2017. The exhibition includes paintings and graphic works by the master from the collection of the Russian Museum, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Peterhof Museum-Reserve, the Feodosia art gallery them. I.K. Aivazovsky, as well as from other museums in Russia.

Year of creation: 2017 |

Interactive program | Russian language The virtual tour was created on the basis of a temporary exhibition held at the Russian Museum from December 2, 2016 to March 13, 2017 as part of the “Theater” project

Russian history

. House of Romanov - facts, legends and myths. The saga of a dynasty."

An interactive program based on the painting by Vasily Istomin allows you to get to know the ceremony participants in more detail. Among them, in addition to members of the imperial family, were Chancellor Count A.A. Bezborodko, leader of the district nobility P.V. Rimsky-Korsakov (grandfather of the composer N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov), military leader A.A. Arakcheev, the customer of the painting, Archimandrite Gerasim, and many others, the artist also depicted at least 80 Tikhvin residents. The program consists of five sections and allows you to view the image in high resolution, and also see the author's animation.

Year of creation: 2016 |

Video | Language: Russian | Duration: 33:11

The film was created on the basis of a number of artifacts of the 18th century and a painting by V. Istomin from the collection of the Russian Museum “Transfer of the Tikhvin Icon”

Mother of God

from the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary to the Assumption Cathedral in Tikhvin on June 9, 1798" 1801.

Year of creation: 2016 |

Multimedia film |

Language: Russian | Duration: 12:48 The film tells about the work of I.K. Aivazovsky, famous painter, artist of the Main Naval Staff. His paintings of the raging sea, naval battles, and the Ecumenical Flood are widely known, but have we ever thought about the means by which the master conveys the element of water?

Year of creation: 2016 |

Multimedia film | in two parts | Language: Russian |

Duration: 21:12; 12:08

The film, in two parts, is dedicated to the main court artist of the Elizabethan era, G.H. Groot, and the art of the Elizabethan era. Year of creation: 2016 | Interactive program |

Virtual tour of the exhibition |

The film is dedicated to two famous works from the collection of the Russian Museum, paintings by B.M. Kustodiev “Celebration in honor of the 2nd Congress of the Comintern on July 19, 1920. Demonstration on Uritsky Square (1921) and V.V. Kuptsov’s ANT-20 “Maxim Gorky” (1934).

Year of creation: 2015 |

Video | Language: Russian | Duration: 08:25 The film tells the story of one of the discoveries of restorers, which can be called truly sensational. Since the first years of its existence, the Russian Museum has kept “Portrait young man

in a green caftan." The assumption that its author could be

outstanding master

beginning of the 18th century, Peter the Great’s “Hoff-Mahler”, Ivan Nikitin, has now received undoubted documentary confirmation.

Year of creation: 2015 | Computer film | Language: Russian |

Duration: 04:38

The film tells the story of Karl Steuben's painting, dedicated to a dramatic episode in the life of the young Tsarevich Pyotr Alekseevich. It captures the moment of the Streltsy revolt, provoked by the de facto ruler of the Russian state, Princess Sophia, when 10-year-old Peter was in mortal danger.

Year of creation: 2015 |

Computer film | Language: Russian | Duration: 04:30

A film dedicated to little

In the film, created according to the script of the director of the Russian Museum V.A. Gusev, talks about the work of European famous artist second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries M.-F. Kvadal, who depicted the coronation of Paul I and his wife Maria Feodorovna, which took place on April 5, 1897 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

Year of creation: 2015 |

Multimedia film |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 03:10

A film about the famous painting by N.N. Ge reveals the circumstances of the tragic confrontation between Peter I and Tsarevich Alexei (1690-1718), Peter's eldest son from his first wife Evdokia Lopukhina.

Year of creation: 2015 | Computer film | Language: Russian |

Duration: 06:00

Among the many, often shocking reforms of Peter the Great, one of the most famous innovations was the holding of unprecedented public meetings - assemblies. Year of creation: 2015 | Multimedia film |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 03:34

In 1846, the painter of the Main Naval Staff I.K. Aivazovsky created a number of battle works,

The collection of the Russian Museum makes it possible again and again to closely examine the aesthetics of the environment that formed the artist Nicholas Roerich, philosopher and writer. The video presentation presents exhibits from the collection created by the once St. Petersburg art association “World of Art” and artists close to this circle.

Year of creation: 2014 |

Interactive program |

Russian language

The program brought together about 1,000 works of painting, graphics, sculpture, decorative and applied and monumental art, as well as caricatures from the collection of the Russian Museum and the collections of 60 art museums in Russia.

Year of creation: 2014 |

Multimedia film | Language: Russian | Duration: 05:40

The film, created according to the script of the director of the Russian Museum V.A. Gusev, based on high-precision shooting of the painting by G.G. Chernetsov’s “Parade and prayer service on the occasion of the end of hostilities in the Kingdom of Poland on October 6, 1831 on Tsaritsyn Meadow in St. Petersburg” significantly expands the understanding of the Nicholas era and introduces the characters of a unique group portrait.

Year of creation: 2014 | Multimedia film | Language: Russian |

Duration: 09:40

The film tells the story of a significant event in the life of the imperial family and the entire royal dynasty. When baptized from the Lutheran faith into Orthodoxy, Louise Maria Augusta, daughter of the Margrave of Baden Karl Ludwig, the bride of Grand Duke Alexander Pavlovich, was named Elizaveta Alekseevna in 1793.

Year of creation: 2014 |

The disk contains multimedia resources of participants in the competition of the same name, which was held in 2012 by the Russian Museum among visitors and heads of virtual branches of the Russian Museum. Multimedia interactive programs, films and presentations were created by schoolchildren, students and employees of virtual branches of the Russian Museum from Vsevolozhsk, Gomel, Gorno-Altaisk, Yekaterinburg, Kirishi, Kostroma, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny Tagil, Tambov, Petrozavodsk, St. Petersburg, Saratov, Sosnovy Bor and Kharkov.

Year of creation: 2013 |

Multimedia film |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 15:40

The multimedia film is dedicated to the most famous painting by Grigory Chernetsov “Parade to mark the end of hostilities in the Kingdom of Poland on October 6, 1831 on Tsaritsyn Meadow in St. Petersburg” (1837).

Year of creation: 2013 |

Interactive program |

Russian language

The interactive program is dedicated to the most famous painting by Grigory Chernetsov “Parade to mark the end of hostilities in the Kingdom of Poland on October 6, 1831 on Tsaritsyn Meadow in St. Petersburg” (1837).

Year of creation: 2012 |

Russian language The disk contains multimedia resources of participants in the competition “Italy in Russian Fine Arts”, which was held in 2011 by the Russian Museum among visitors and heads of virtual branches of the Russian Museum. Multimedia interactive programs, films and presentations were created by schoolchildren, students and employees of virtual branches of the Russian Museum from Barnaul, Vsevolozhsk, Gomel, Yekaterinburg, Moscow, Nizhny Tagil, Petrozavodsk, St. Petersburg, Tver and Tula. They use works from the Russian Museum and regional collections, which reflect the theme of Russian-Italian cultural heritage. is striking in its breadth with which it covers the most significant aspects of the then reality. One of the first places in it is occupied by the Russian village. The everyday genre shows the viewer not only the hardships of peasant life, but also the charm of everyday life. In the film V.A. Gusev, we will talk about paintings by such artists as A.G. Venetsianov, G.V. Soroka, K.E. Makovsky, A.P. Ryabushkin and others.

Year of creation: 2011 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:53 Author's program of Vladimir Gusev. Peter I was the first Russian ruler who systematically built a myth about himself and the period of his reign. The image of Peter has always been romanticized. As A.S. will write later. Pushkin: “Now an academician, now a hero, now a navigator, now a carpenter.” The Russian Museum has a large collection of works dedicated to the image of the great emperor. The program includes a unique picturesque life of Peter I.

Year of creation: 2011 |

Video |

Language: Russian | Duration: 26:00 This film

based on the paintings presented at the exhibition “Clio’s Chosen. Heroes and villains of Russian history." Director of the Russian Museum V.A. Gusev tells viewers about those works, stories and people that are associated with the main events in the history of the formation of Russian statehood.

The film is dedicated to four exhibitions held at the Russian Museum in 2010. The “Sky” exhibition featured works (from icons to contemporary art) that were in one way or another related to “heavenly” themes; “Hymn to Labor” - paintings by representatives of socialist realism and the avant-garde. As part of the exhibition “Smolyanka” by Dmitry Levitsky, viewers saw portraits of students of the Smolny Institute for the first time after a large-scale restoration, and the exhibition “From Russian Life of the 18th - Early 20th Centuries” introduced the development of the everyday genre in works of graphics, sculpture and decorative and applied art from the collection of the Russian museum.

In 1994, famous German collectors Peter and Irene Ludwig presented the Russian Museum with a collection of works by artists of the second half of the twentieth century.

This film is dedicated to the permanent exhibition of the Marble Palace - the Ludwig Museum - the only museum exhibition in Russia where you can see classic works of world contemporary art from the post-war period to the beginning of the 21st century.

Year of creation: 2010 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:50

The film is dedicated to the life and work of the artist Isaac Levitan, one of the best masters of landscape painting. Having made nature the main character of his canvases, Levitan created landscapes that had their own mood and were understandable to every viewer.

Year of creation: 2010 | Video | Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:00

The film will focus on the most fragile and delicate of all graphic and painting techniques - pastel, which was presented at the exhibition "Pastel in Russia" in the Mikhailovsky Castle of the Russian Museum

Year of creation: 2010 |

Gaming computer program |

10+ | Russian language Year of creation: 2010 |

Video |

Interactive program |

Language: Russian, English

The program dedicated to the palaces and gardens of the Russian Museum includes 220 spherical panoramas. Using panoramic photography technology, interiors and

appearance

Mikhailovsky, Marble and Stroganovsky palaces, Mikhailovsky Castle, Summer Palace of Peter I and the House of Peter I.

The multimedia program was released for the exhibition dedicated to the 275th anniversary of the birth of Dmitry Grigorievich Levitsky at the Russian Museum. The program talks about the restoration of the famous “Smolyanka” - seven portraits of pupils of the Educational Society for Noble Maidens at the Smolny Institute.

This program was prepared for the exhibition of the same name at the Russian Museum and is dedicated to the beer theme in art. For centuries, beer served Russian artists as a muse, a model, was a source of subjects, a prototype of color and form, and set a specific beer emotional tone for the works. Various moments of making and drinking beer evoked the need to capture, sing, generalize, and reflect.

Year of creation: 2009 |

Video | Language: Russian | Duration: 25:00

In this film we will talk about the portrait of Nikita Akinfievich Demidov by

French artist

Louis Toquet, who came from Paris to St. Petersburg specifically to work on the portrait of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. During his rather long stay in Russia, the master painted several famous portraits of the Russian aristocracy.

Year of creation: 2009 | Interactive program | Russian language

The program talks about the development of the Russian avant-garde from neo-primitivism to abstraction. It was created specifically to help lecturers and students who wish to independently and deeply study Russian art.

Year of creation: 2009 |

Video |

Language: Russian | Duration: 26:00 The film consists of several short stories on the theme “The Life of Nature and Man...”. The materials of the museum's temporary exhibitions show that nature in a work of art is not just decoration, but helps create

artistic image

, evoking empathy in the viewer.

Year of creation: 2009 |

Video | Language: Russian, English, Spanish | Duration: 26:00

The film tells the story of the appearance in 1915 of K. S. Malevich’s “Black Square,” created by the author as a statement of a new worldview, a new suprematist world. Vladimir Gusev talks about the unique exhibition "The Adventures of the Black Square".

Year of creation: 2008 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 26:00

The film is about two representatives of the Russian avant-garde: Vera Ermolaeva, a master of painting and graphics, and Nikolai Suetin, a Suprematist, student and associate of Kazimir Malevich.

Year of creation: 2008 |

Interactive program |

Russian language

The program includes an electronic catalog of paintings and graphic materials from the heritage of the largest Russian realistic artist Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (about 150 works), articles by specialists, a chronicle of life and creativity. There is a mode for creating your own image album, as well as a function for copying articles to the clipboard.

Year of creation: 2007 | Multimedia film | Language: Russian |

Duration: 05:00

For the exhibition “Soviet Venus”, a multimedia film of the same name was created, which is a kind of introduction to the iconographic traditions of embodying the image of Venus.

Year of creation: 2007 |

The film is dedicated to one of the most famous Russian artists, Mikhail Vrubel. In the film, the viewer will not find a chronological description of the artist’s life, but will be able to get acquainted with a mosaic of facts, quotes and events that will help form their own impression of the artist.

The program presents works of painting, graphics, sculpture and decorative and applied art from the collection of the Russian Museum and the Krasnodar Regional Art Museum. F. Kovalenko, united by the era of Catherine II - ceremonial portrait, porcelain, monumental and portrait sculpture.

Year of creation: 2007 |

Interactive program |

Year of creation: 2007 |

Russian language

Year of creation: 2007 |

The program contains paintings and graphic works of the artist, sculptures, objects of decorative and applied art, made using the majolica technique, belonging to the collection of the Russian Museum. The program includes about 200 images with annotations for each work and the ability to view enlarged fragments.

The program presents more than 200 works of painting and graphics by the brothers Apollinaris and Viktor Vasnetsov from the collections of 27 museums across the country, as well as from private collections.

The program is dedicated to the work of Alexander Andreevich Ivanov (1806-1858), who largely determined the face of the Russian national school of painting, an excellent draftsman and thinker.

Year of creation: 2006 | Video | Language: Russian |

Duration: 39:02

Year of creation: 2006 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:41

In this film, the director of the Russian Museum V.A. Gusev again turns to the long-term program of the Russian Museum “Russia”, which allows viewers, moving from city to city, from museum to museum, to discover more and more new stories of life and creativity, sometimes surprisingly artists we know, and often see and learn a lot for the first time.

Viewers will visit the Volga, where I. Repin wrote his famous “Barge Haulers on the Volga”, in Perm in the art gallery of wooden sculpture, as well as in Saratov, where V. Borisov-Musatov lived and worked.

Year of creation: 2006 | Video | Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:44

Duration: 25:41

The film is based on materials from the exhibition of the same name at the Russian Museum, dedicated to the analytical art of Pavel Filonov. Viewers can expect a story from the director of the Russian Museum, V.A. Gusev, about the difficult circumstances of Filonov’s life and the main tenets of his work. Year of creation: 2006 | Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:45

An event that took place in St. Petersburg at the end of September 2006 - the reburial in the Peter and Paul Cathedral of St. Petersburg of the ashes of Empress Maria Feodorovna - the wife of Emperor Alexander III and the latter's mother

Russian Emperor

The program is dedicated to fine arts and artistic life in the Soviet Union between the so-called “thaw” and the beginning of perestroika. The publication combines two opposing layers in artistic culture 1960-1985. The program includes about 600 images of exhibits, documentary photographs, annotations about the presented works.

The program is dedicated to the coronation of Paul I, which was captured on his canvas by the artist of French origin M.-F. Kvadal. The program materials allow you to get an idea of the coronation ceremony, its participants, as well as the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, within whose walls the ceremony took place.

Year of creation: 2005 |

Multimedia film | Russian language A multimedia film with elements of interactivity presents K. P. Bryullov’s painting “The Last Day of Pompeii” from the collection of the Russian Museum, the history of its creation, historical,

archaeological sites

and works of ancient Roman art. Year of creation: 2005 | Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:38

The film tells viewers about the latest trends in fine arts. The term “modern” art should be understood not in a chronological, but in a conceptual sense. The rich collections of the Russian Museum contain not only masterpieces selected by time, but also works that are very likely to become classics of tomorrow. Viewers will get acquainted with the process of forming a fund of the latest trends in art, and with the works

contemporary artists

The film invites you to visit two exhibitions of the Russian Museum: “The Road” and “Religious Petersburg”, and wander among the paintings along the paths of knowledge. Moving from hall to hall, spectators will see religious Petersburg of the 18th - 19th centuries, a royal city resplendent with gilded domes and spiers of numerous temples, cathedrals and churches.

Year of creation: 2005 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:43

The film tells about the development of Russian church art over more than two centuries - from Peter I to Nicholas II, about Russian icons and church paintings, and about artists who devoted their lives to religious art.

Year of creation: 2005 |

Video | Language: Russian | Duration: 51:21

Year of creation: 2005 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:41 On the eve of the 60th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the whole country was preparing for the holiday. And the Russian Museum is no exception. The exhibition "The Path to Victory" was presented here. It showed works of painting, graphics, and sculpture created in the period from 1941 to 1945. Year of creation: 2005 |

Language: Russian |

Video | Language: Russian | Duration: 25:48

Marc Chagall (1887-1985) is an outstanding artist of the 20th century. Today it is impossible to imagine the history of Russian and world culture without the name and work of Marc Chagall. In this film, the Russian Museum will present

grand exhibition Marc Chagall, which covers two periods of the artist’s work, Russian and foreign, over seven decades of his activity.(S.M. Botkina, Z.N. Yusupova, O.K. Orlova, Ida Rubinstein), reflecting changes in Serov’s worldview, in his understanding of painting, etc.

Language: Russian |

The program presents more than 200 works by the artist from the collections of the State Russian Museum (paintings, graphics, engravings). Annotations about each work, articles about creativity, curriculum vitae and documentary photographs.

Language: Russian |

The program talks about the religious life of pre-revolutionary St. Petersburg and the history of St. Petersburg churches. The main part is dedicated to the churches of St. Petersburg and is divided by periods of reign from Peter I to Nicholas II. Photographs of temples are accompanied by biographies of architects and artists.

The program includes a tour of the halls of the Mikhailovsky Palace, which houses the main exhibition of the Russian Museum. The program includes views of interiors, paintings, graphics and sculpture from the museum’s collection (646 exhibits), annotations to them and information about the authors of the works.

Year of creation: 2004-2005 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 78:00

Films about an amazing exhibition at the Russian Museum, introducing viewers to paintings that were either extremely rarely exhibited or never left the museum’s storerooms at all due to their large size.

Year of creation: 2004 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

The film is dedicated to the life and work of artist Boris Kustodiev. Filmed based on materials from an exhibition at the Russian Museum, the film makes it possible to refute the prevailing idea of Boris Kustodiev as an artist who painted exclusively magnificent, rosy-cheeked merchant women, a colorful fair and the Russian village with its accordions, gingerbread cookies and samovars. More than 350 works presented at the exhibition, collected from museums from all over Russia, make it possible to most fully and multifacetedly present the enormous creative heritage of Boris Kustodiev, giving a comprehensive idea of his life, the life of his contemporaries and his beloved Russia. A film about a wonderful portrait painter and a bright representative of Russian art turn of the XIX century- The 20th century is for many a real discovery of this wonderful master.

Year of creation: 2004 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:37

Year of creation: 2004 |

Video |

Language: Russian |

Duration: 25:55

The film is based on the materials of the exhibition “Coronation of Paul I and Maria Fedorovna”, opened in the Mikhailovsky Castle of the Russian Museum on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the birth of Emperor Paul I. The canvas by Martin Ferdinand Quadal represents a unique historical document, being a group portrait of the imperial family and top officials of the state .

The film tells the story of Ilya Repin’s creation of the famous painting “Barge Haulers on the Volga,” whose popularity dates back as many years as the painting itself.

Year of creation: 2004 |

Video | Language: Russian | Duration: 52:00 The film is dedicated to the artists who were part of creative associations

Video |

1910-1916 "Jack of Diamonds", "

donkey tail

" and "Target". Young avant-garde artists who participated in the exhibitions of these associations contrasted their work with the work of symbolist artists. The program presents more than 400 works by B.M. Kustodiev from museums, libraries and private collections in Russia. You can read the artist’s biography and see his works; There are chronological and alphabetical indexes. Year of creation: 2004 |

Interactive program |

Language: Russian, Finnish

The program includes works by artists from the collections of two museums - the State Russian Museum and the Museum

fine arts Republic of Karelia, dedicated to the Karelian-Finnish epic “Kalevala”. Contains annotations to works, biographies of artists. Year of creation: 2003 |

Year of creation: 2003 |

Video |

Language: Russian | | Duration: 25:44 | The losses suffered by our country and our people during the Great Patriotic War are truly incalculable. But the collection of the Russian Museum was practically not damaged - not a single exhibit was lost or even damaged. This became possible only thanks to the heroic work of museum employees who rescued, evacuated and preserved artistic values with all their might. The museum's collection continued to grow during the war. The Russian Museum accepted for storage the most valuable works of artists who remained to live and work in besieged Leningrad. | Year of creation: 2003

Video Russian language Duration: 25:58 Since the second half of the 18th century, relations between St. Petersburg and Italy were not exclusively official and did not consist only of diplomatic missions, delegations and exchanges of gifts between the reigning persons. Close weave of threads family ties

Language: Russian | | The losses suffered by our country and our people during the Great Patriotic War are truly incalculable. But the collection of the Russian Museum was practically not damaged - not a single exhibit was lost or even damaged. This became possible only thanks to the heroic work of museum employees who rescued, evacuated and preserved artistic values with all their might. The museum's collection continued to grow during the war. The Russian Museum accepted for storage the most valuable works of artists who remained to live and work in besieged Leningrad. | between Russia and Italy allows us to establish

Interesting Facts

Duration: 25:55

Duration: 25:46 Pavel Nikolaevich Filonov (1882-1941) - painter, graphic artist. His paintings were destined for a long period of forced oblivion, then emergence from oblivion and recognition, but still Filonov remains the most mysterious and most incomprehensible of the masters of the Russian avant-garde, a lonely and tragic figure in the art of the 20th century. Duration: 26:24

social contradictions , and poverty, and the grief of the working person, and unquenchable faith in a better future, and even the emergence of terrorism in Russia, which F.M. Dostoevsky tried to talk about in his novel “Demons”. All these phenomena were embodied in the paintings of Russian artists F. Vasiliev, N. Ge, I. Kramskoy, G. Myasoedov, V. Pukirev, V. Perov. is rightly called the “golden age” of Russian painting.

Language: Russian | | Interactive program | Russian language

The program includes more than 400 full-screen reproductions of paintings and graphics from the collection of the State Russian Museum, which represent a collective image of St. Petersburg in various historical eras

This film is a continuation of acquaintance with the collection of the State Russian Museum, housed at the main exhibition in the Mikhailovsky Palace. Particular attention in the film is paid to the decoration of the palace halls, sculpture, products folk art, exhibited in the halls of the museum, as well as other objects of art from the storerooms, which are exhibited at numerous exhibitions organized by the Russian Museum.

Continuation of the story about the history of the portrait, begun in film 1. The viewer is introduced to the history of the Russian portrait from the mid-19th century, its features, the era of the Wanderers, the portrait of the late 19th century, the beginning of the 20th century, portraits of the first decades of Soviet power, as well as portraits of the totalitarian era 60 -s.

The film is a walk through the Russian Museum, during which the viewer gets acquainted with the first Russian portraits - “parsuns” of Peter the Great’s time, masterpieces of the 18th century, as well as a romantic portrait of the 19th century.

The film tells about the history of the emergence of the portrait genre, introduces existing species portrait images, about ways to convey unique, individual traits of appearance and character.

The film tells about the history of the landscape genre, its origins and its emergence as an independent genre, and tells about the history of the creation of various paintings.

The film talks about the originality of the still life genre, its features, and the history of the development of Russian still life over the past two centuries using the example of works by famous painters.

During a virtual walk through the exhibition of the Russian Museum, the viewer is told why the paintings are so different from each other, what determines their originality and the uniqueness of the images presented on them, how to understand special language painting.

Orest Adamovich Kiprensky (1782-1836) - artist who created a gallery of portraits of remarkable people of Russian society of the Romantic era. One of the first works of Orest Kiprensky is a portrait of Adam Schwalbe (1804). Written on wooden board the portrait seemed to be the work of a European master of the 17th century.

Alexander Ivanov, when starting to work on the canvas, wanted the work to contain universal ideas and be in tune with modernity. Twenty-five years of work on the painting are years of continuous searches, changes, and improvements. In the end, he literally hid behind his huge canvas, afraid of returning to Russia - he was no longer expected there...

Language: Russian | | Interactive program | Language: Russian, English, Chinese, Finnish

The program shows about 400 exhibits from the permanent exhibition of the Russian Museum. These are works covering the period from the 12th century. until the 20th century - painting and sculpture.

Year of creation: 2002-2003 | Duration: 25:44 | The losses suffered by our country and our people during the Great Patriotic War are truly incalculable. But the collection of the Russian Museum was practically not damaged - not a single exhibit was lost or even damaged. This became possible only thanks to the heroic work of museum employees who rescued, evacuated and preserved artistic values with all their might. The museum's collection continued to grow during the war. The Russian Museum accepted for storage the most valuable works of artists who remained to live and work in besieged Leningrad. | Duration: 26:00

The film tells about the work of the artist Ilya Efimovich Repin on the large-scale painting “Meeting of the State Council on May 7, 1901, on the centenary of its establishment.”

Year of creation: 2002 | Duration: 25:44 | The losses suffered by our country and our people during the Great Patriotic War are truly incalculable. But the collection of the Russian Museum was practically not damaged - not a single exhibit was lost or even damaged. This became possible only thanks to the heroic work of museum employees who rescued, evacuated and preserved artistic values with all their might. The museum's collection continued to grow during the war. The Russian Museum accepted for storage the most valuable works of artists who remained to live and work in besieged Leningrad. | Duration: 26:01

The exhibition at the Russian Museum became a kind of homecoming of the world-famous masters of Russian art - emigrant artists Natalia Goncharova and Lev Bakst.

The film by V.A. Gusev is dedicated to the 1860s - one of the most interesting, controversial and extremely important periods in the history of Russia and Russian art. The essence of this time is determined by the pathos of exposure and direct criticism by artists surrounding reality. Extraordinary responsiveness to pressing issues of social existence, intolerance towards evil, sincerity in expressing their ideas, in tune with the sentiments of the Russian artistic intelligentsia of that time, make the art of the “sixties” an extremely significant phenomenon.

State Russian Museum

The State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg is the most extensive museum of Russian art in the world. It was founded by Nicholas II in 1895 and officially opened to visitors on March 19, 1898.

Until 1917 it was called "Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III". Emperor Alexander III (father of Nicholas II) was a passionate collector; in this regard, he can only be compared with Catherine II. The Emperor's Gatchina Castle literally turned into a warehouse of priceless treasures. Alexander's acquisitions no longer fit in the galleries of the Winter Palace, Anichkov Palace and other palaces - these were paintings, objects of art, carpets... The extensive collection of paintings, graphics, objects of decorative and applied art, and sculptures collected by Alexander III after his death was transferred to the Russian Emperor Nicholas II founded museum in memory of his father.

State Russian Museum

Initially, the museum was located in the halls Mikhailovsky Palace. The museum's collection at that time included 1,880 works of painting, sculpture, graphics and ancient Russian art, transferred from the Imperial Palaces, the Hermitage and the Academy of Arts.

History of the Mikhailovsky Palace

The building was built in the Empire style. The idea of building a new residence for Prince Mikhail Pavlovich belonged to his father, Emperor Paul I. But Paul I did not have to see the embodiment of his idea, since he died as a result of a palace coup. Despite this, the emperor's order was carried out. When Mikhail turned 21, Emperor Alexander I decided to begin construction of the palace.

The architect planned not only the palace, but also the square in front of it and two new streets (Inzhenernaya and Mikhailovskaya).

Mikhailovsky Palace

The groundbreaking ceremony for the building took place on July 14, and construction itself began on July 26. On the side of the Champ de Mars, a garden appeared at the palace - also Mikhailovsky. On September 11, 1825, the palace was consecrated.

Museum branches

The Russian Museum today is located, in addition to the Mikhailovsky Palace, in buildings that are architectural monuments of the 18th-19th centuries:

Summer Palace of Peter I
Marble Palace
Stroganov Palace
House of Peter I

The museum space is complemented by the Mikhailovsky and Summer Gardens.

Peter's Summer PalaceI

Summer Palace of Peter I

The Summer Palace was built in the Baroque style according to the design Domenico Trezzini in 1710-1714. This is one of the oldest buildings in the city. The two-story palace is quite modest and consists of only fourteen rooms and two kitchens.

The residence was intended for use only in the warm season: from May to October, so the walls are quite thin and the windows have single frames. The decoration of the premises was created by artists A. Zakharov, I. Zavarzin, F. Matveev.

The facade of the palace is decorated with 29 bas-reliefs, which depict the events of the Northern War in allegorical form. The bas-reliefs were made by the German architect and sculptor Andreas Schlüter.

Marble Palace

The Marble Palace was built in 1768-1785. according to the project Italian architect Antonio Rinaldi. It completes a series of ceremonial buildings adjacent to the Winter Palace. The outstanding architect A. Rinaldi, the author of more than twenty-five large buildings in St. Petersburg and its suburbs, was considered an unsurpassed master of “marble facades.” His architectural techniques and solutions are always easy to recognize.

Rinaldi came to Russia at the invitation of Count K.G. Razumovsky, and in 1754 received the position of architect at the court of Prince Peter Fedorovich and his wife, the future Empress Catherine II. He built the Chinese Palace in Oranienbaum, the palace of Count G.A. Orlova in Gatchina, etc. But the Marble Palace is perhaps the most significant of all its buildings. The palace was intended for Grigory Orlov, the favorite of Catherine II, the main organizer of her accession to the throne. The building received its name because of the unusual for St. Petersburg decoration of the facades with natural stone. At this time, rich deposits of marble were discovered in Russia. Thirty-two types of northern and Italian marble were used for the interior and exterior decoration of the palace. The austere appearance of the building is characteristic of early classicism.

The main facade of the Marble Palace faces the Champs of Mars. It is decorated with columns, and the opposite façade is decorated with pilasters of the Corinthian order. Famous sculptor F.I. Shubin made two statues on the attic and compositions of military armor. In collaboration with M.I. Kozlovsky, he participated in the creation of the interior sculptural and decorative decoration of the palace. The decoration of the main staircase and the first tier of the walls of the Marble Hall have been preserved to this day. An elegant fence of spears and posts with vases and trophies encloses the vast front courtyard. Later, a service building was built on the eastern part near the Marble Palace. Bas-relief “Service of a Horse to Man” by sculptor P.K. Klodt decorates the western façade of the building.

In the 90s of the 20th century, the palace became a branch of the Russian Museum.

Engineering (Mikhailovsky) Castle

Built by order of Emperor Paul I at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries and became the place of his death.

Mikhailovsky Castle owes its name to the temple of the Archangel Michael, patron of the House of Romanov, located in it, and to the quirk of Paul I, who accepted the title of Grand Master of the Order of Malta, to call all his palaces “castles”; the second name - “Engineering” - comes from the Main (Nikolaev) Engineering School, now VITU, located there since 1823.

The palace project was developed architect V.I. Bazhenov on behalf of Emperor Paul I, who wanted to make it his main ceremonial residence. Construction was supervised architect V. Brenna(who was mistakenly considered the author of the project for a long time). Brenna reworked the original design of the palace and created artistic decoration of its interiors.

In addition to Bazhenov and Brenn, the emperor himself took part in the creation of the project, who composed several drawings for it. Brenn's assistants also included Fyodor Svinin and Carl Rossi. Paul I accelerated the construction; Charles Cameron and Giacomo Quarenghi were sent to help him. By order of the emperor, construction was carried out day and night (by the light of lanterns and torches), since he demanded that the castle be rebuilt in the same year.

On November 21, 1800, on the day of St. Michael the Archangel, the castle was solemnly consecrated, but work on it interior decoration still continued until March 1801. After the assassination of the emperor, 40 days after the housewarming party, Mikhailovsky Castle was abandoned by the Romanovs and fell into disrepair for two decades. When Alexander I needed silver for a luxurious service - a wedding gift to his sister Anna Pavlovna, Queen of the Netherlands, silver gates from the palace church were melted down. Nicholas I ordered the architects to “mine” marble in the palace for the construction of the New Hermitage.

In 1823, the castle was occupied by the Main Engineering School.

In 1991, a third of the castle’s premises were donated to the State Russian Museum, and in 1995 the entire castle was donated to the museum.

Stroganov Palace

The Stroganov Palace, built according to the project architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in 1753-1754, one of the examples of Russian Baroque.

In addition to F.B. Rastrelli, A.N. participated in the creation of the palace. Voronikhin, I. F. Kolodin, K. Rossi, I. Charlemagne, P. S. Sadovnikov.

Stroganovs (Strogonovs) - a family of Russian merchants and industrialists, from which came large landowners and statesmen of the 16th-20th centuries. They came from wealthy Pomeranian peasants. Since the 18th century - barons and counts of the Russian Empire. The family died out in 1923.

The building has been a branch of the Russian Museum since 1988.

Peter's houseI

House of Peter I

The first building in St. Petersburg, the summer home of Tsar Peter I in the period from 1703 to 1708. This small wooden house with an area of 60 m² was built by soldier carpenters near Trinity Square in just three days. Here, on May 27, 1703, a celebration was held on the occasion of the annexation of lands and the founding of a new city.

The house was built from hewn pine logs in the style of a Russian hut. The canopy divides it into two parts. In addition to this feature, as well as doors decorated with ornamental metal plates, - typical features, inherent in Russian architecture of the 17th century, everything in the house reminds of the Tsar’s passion for Dutch architecture. So, Peter, wanting to give the house the appearance of a stone structure, ordered the logs to be cut down and painted to look like red brick, the high roof to be covered with shingles to match the tiles, and unusually large windows to be made with small glazing. There were no stoves or chimneys in the house, since Peter lived in it only during the warm season. The house has been preserved almost in its original form.

Collections of the Russian Museum

The most complete collection is the art of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. It is enough to list only a few names to get an idea of the artistic wealth of the museum: A. Matveev, I. Nikitin, Carlo Rastrelli, F. Rokotov, V. Borovikovsky, A. Losenko, D. Levitsky, F. Shubin, M. Kozlovsky, I Martos, S. Shchedrin, O. Kiprensky, A. Venetsianov, F. Bruni, K. Bryullov, P. Fedotov, A. Ivanov.

Painting by K. Bryullov “The Last Day of Pompeii”

K. Bryullov "The Last Day of Pompeii"

Bryullov visited Pompeii in 1828, making many sketches for a future painting about the famous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. uh. and the destruction of the city of Pompeii near Naples. The painting was exhibited in Rome, received rave reviews from critics and was sent to the Louvre. "The Last Day of Pompeii" represents romanticism in Russian painting mixed with idealism. The artist's image in the left corner of the painting is a self-portrait of the author. The canvas also depicts Countess Yulia Pavlovna Samoilova three times - a woman with a jug on her head, standing on a raised platform on the left side of the canvas, a woman who fell to her death, stretched out on the pavement, and next to her a living child - both, presumably, thrown out of a broken chariot - in the center canvases, and a mother attracting her daughters to her in the left corner of the picture.

In 1834, the painting “The Last Day of Pompeii” was sent to St. Petersburg. A.I. Turgenev said that this picture brought glory to Russia and Italy. E. A. Baratynsky composed a famous aphorism on this occasion: “The last day of Pompeii became the first day for the Russian brush!” A. S. Pushkin also left a poetic review:

K. Bryullov "Portrait of A. Demidov"

Vesuvius opened its mouth - smoke poured out in a cloud - flames
Widely developed as a battle flag.
The earth is agitated - from the shaky columns
Idols fall! A people driven by fear
Under the stone rain, under the inflamed ashes,
Crowds, old and young, are running out of the city.

By the way, the famous painting was painted by Karl Bryullov to order Anatoly Demidov, Russian and French philanthropist, who was at the Russian embassy, first in Paris, and then in Rome and Vienna. He inherited from his father colossal wealth and a collection of wonderful works of painting, sculpture, bronze, etc. Anatoly Demidov, following the example of his father, was generous with large donations: he donated 500,000 rubles to establish a house for charity for workers in St. Petersburg, which bore the name of the donor; together with his brother Pavel Nikolaevich, he donated capital, with which a children’s hospital was established in St. Petersburg; at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg established a prize of 5,000 rubles for best work in Russian; in 1853 he sent 2000 rubles from Paris to decorate the church of the Demidov Lyceum in Yaroslavl, donated all his publications and several other valuable ones to the Lyceum library French books, and also generously patronized scientists and artists. So, it was Anatoly Demidov who presented Bryullov’s painting “The Last Day of Pompeii” to Nicholas I, who exhibited the painting at the Academy of Arts as a guide for aspiring painters. After the opening of the Russian Museum in 1895, the painting was moved there, and the general public gained access to it.

The second half of the 19th century is represented by the works of artists: F. Vasiliev, R. Felitsyn, A. Goronovich, E. Sorokin, F. Bronnikov, I. Makarov, V. Khudyakov, A. Chernyshev, P. Rizzoni, L. Lagorio, N. Losev, A. Naumov, A. Volkov, A. Popov, V. Pukirev, N. Nevrev, I. Pryanishnikov, L. Solomatkin, A. Savrasov, A. Korzukhin, F. Zhuravlev, N. Dmitriev-Orenburgsky, A. Morozov, N. Koshelev, A. Shurygin, P. Chistyakov, Ivan Aivazovsky.

Painting by I. Aivazovsky “The Ninth Wave”

I. Aivazovsky "The Ninth Wave"

“The Ninth Wave” is one of the most famous paintings by Ivan Aivazovsky, the world famous Russian marine painter.

Depicts the sea after a severe night storm and shipwrecked people. The rays of the sun illuminate the huge waves. The largest of them, the ninth shaft, is ready to collapse on people trying to escape on the wreckage of the mast.

Everything speaks of greatness and power sea elements and the helplessness of a person in front of it. The warm colors of the picture make the sea not so harsh and give the viewer hope that people will be saved.

The size of the painting is 221 × 332 cm.

The museum also presents paintings by the Itinerant artists: G. Myasoedov, V. Perov, A. Bogolyubov, K. Makovsky, N. Ge, I. Shishkin, I. Kramskoy, V. Maksimov, I. Repin, V. Vasnetsov, V. . Surikova, N. Abutkova.

Painting by Nikolai Ge “The Last Supper”

N. Ge "The Last Supper"

The artist’s painting depicts an episode from the earthly life of Christ, described in the Gospel of John (chapter 13). It was Ge's favorite Gospel. An excerpt of this text coincides in detail with that shown in the picture.

Jesus got up from supper... poured water into the laver and began to wash the disciples’ feet and dry them with a towel... When he washed their feet... then, lying down again, he said to them: Do you know what I have done to you? ... if I, the Lord and Teacher, washed your feet, then you should wash each other’s feet. For I have given you an example, that you also should do the same as I have done to you...

…Jesus was troubled in spirit and said, “Truly, truly, I say to you, one of you will betray Me.”

Then the disciples looked around at each other, wondering who he was talking about. One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved, was reclining at Jesus’ breast. Simon Peter made a sign to him to ask who it was... he, falling to the chest of Jesus, said to Him: Lord! Who is this? Jesus answered: the one to whom I have dipped a piece of bread and given it. And, having dipped the piece, he gave it to Judas Simon Iscariot. And after this piece Satan entered into him. Then Jesus said to him, “Whatever you are doing, do it quickly.” But none of those reclining understood why He told him this... He, having accepted the piece, immediately left; and it was night.

An amphora with water, a laver with a towel in He’s “The Last Supper” is the theme of Christ’s sacrificial love. After Judas left, they said famous words addressed to the apostles: « I give you a new commandment, that you love one another; how I have loved you... Therefore everyone will know that you are My disciples if you have love for one another.”

The end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries are represented by artists I. Levitan, P. Trubetskoy, M. Vrubel, V. Serov.

Painting by I. Levitan “Twilight. Moon"

I. Levitan "Twilight. Moon"

At the end of his life, it became especially characteristic of Levitan to turn to twilight landscapes filled with silence, rustling sounds, moonlight and shadows. One of the best works of this period is this painting from the collection of the Russian Museum.

Works of the association “World of Art”

"World of Art"(1898-1924) - artistic association, formed in Russia in the late 1890s. The founders of the “World of Art” were the St. Petersburg artist A. N. Benois and the theater figure S. P. Diaghilev. The artists of the “World of Art” considered the aesthetic principle in art a priority and strove for modernity and symbolism, opposing the ideas of the Wanderers. Art, in their opinion, should express the personality of the artist.

The association included artists: Bakst, N. Roerich, Dobuzhinsky, Lanceray, Mitrokhin, Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Chambers, Yakovlev, Somov, Tsionglinsky, Purvit, Sünnerberg.

In the Old Russian department, icons of the 12th-15th centuries are widely represented (for example, the Angel of Golden Hair, the Mother of God of Tenderness, Dmitry of Thessaloniki, the Miracle of George on the Dragon, Boris and Gleb, etc.), works by Andrei Rublev, Dionisy, Simon Ushakov and other masters. The total collection of the Russian Museum is about 5 thousand icons of the 12th - early 20th centuries.

Andrey Rublev

Andrey Rublev "Apostle Paul"

Andrey Rublev(died c. 1430) - icon painter, student of Theophanes the Greek, venerable.

At first he was a novice with St. Nikon of Radonezh, and then a monk in the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery in Moscow, where he died and was buried.

Currently, the collection of the Russian Museum includes the following departments: Russian and Soviet painting, sculpture, graphics, decorative and applied and folk art(furniture, porcelain, glass, carvings, varnishes, metal products, fabrics, embroidery, lace, etc.). The museum's collection includes more than 400 thousand items.

The last time I was in the Russian Museum was a long time ago, back in school. And now, almost twenty years later, I was ready to go there consciously.

It turned out to be quite difficult for an ordinary Russian person to get into the Russian Museum. And for a completely banal reason: they ran out of numbers in their wardrobe. The entrance was blocked by a strict aunt with a walkie-talkie and only excursion groups and citizens with children were allowed in. After standing for almost an hour and not moving, we took a desperate step - we publicly swore that we wouldn’t even look in the direction of the wardrobe. And, lo and behold, they let us through.
With such an organization, for example, the queue to the Vatican Museums would go around the Vatican. But we are not the Vatican, it’s suddenly cold outside.

To take photographs in the museum, the camera had to buy a separate ticket for the same price as me - 250 rubles (for foreigners the entrance is a hundred rubles more expensive).

I am a person far from art, so for me the main criterion for evaluating any creativity is “like” (beautiful) / “don’t like” (ugly). For example, I absolutely don’t like the picture in the title photo.
I will show what I liked below.

K. Bryullov. The last day of Pompeii. 1833.
A painting that seems to become a documentary chronicle of a historical event. It is huge in size, and if you come close, your gaze rests on the stones of the pavement, covered with ash, scattered things under the feet of the heroes - something that you don’t see in the illustrations. This greatly adds realism to what is happening. When I walked around Pompeii, it was absolutely impossible to get this image out of my head: the red sky, everything was collapsing and figures frozen in horror.

The erupting Vesuvius is balanced by Aivazovsky with many paintings of the sea elements on the opposite wall of the hall.

Russian squadron on the Sevastopol roadstead. 1846.
Relevant. Judging by the museum's exhibition, Crimea was generally a very popular topic for Russian artists.

Wave. 1899.
A very small fragment of a picture with a stormy sea, where a ship is sinking in the corner and sailors on a broken mast are sailing almost off the edge of the canvas without a chance of salvation.

The first rooms with art from the early 19th century are interesting; you can sit there for half a day, fortunately there are sofas. The following 18th-century rooms begin to tire a little with portraits and palace interiors.

Ceiling:

Trellis:

Animal fight at a watering hole. Petersburg Trellis Manufactory. 1757.

Mosaic:

Ust-Rudnitskaya factory M.V. Lomonosov. Portrait of Catherine II. 1762.
Presented to the Empress on the occasion of her coronation.

The last halls of the floor are occupied by ancient Russian art, that is, icon painting:

It seems to me that this is where M. Larionov drew his inspiration.

Peter's head - Bronze Horseman on the Grand Staircase.

V. Perov. Hunters at rest. 1877.
Repeat the picture. The first version hangs in the Tretyakov Gallery.

I. Shishkin. Snitch-grass. Pargolovo. 1885.
Surprisingly - a weed against the backdrop of a crooked fence, and hanging in the Russian Museum. Joke.

A. Savrasov. Thaw. Yaroslavl. 1874.
It's time to go to Yaroslavl - there is a gap in my geography.

A little about foreign countries in large-scale canvases:

V. Smirnov. Death of Nero. 1888.
The women came to pick up the corpse of the suicidal emperor. The red wall is like the main character.

G. Semiradsky. Phryne at the festival of Poseidon at Eleusis. 1889.
About a woman who imagines herself to be a goddess, and for this reason publicly undressed. A very sunny and positive picture.

V. Surikov:

Old gardener. 1882.
About unwashed Russia.

View of the monument to Peter I Senate Square in St. Petersburg. 1870.
About the capital.

Suvorov's crossing of the Alps. 1899.
The lighting in some halls of the museum is organized in a unique way: the paintings glare in them so that they are simply not visible at all. You have to study it in fragments, changing your angle of view.

Taking the snowy town and the river, between which the colonnade of the Round Hall of the Mariinsky Palace can be seen.

Grandiose paintings by I. Repin:

A ceremonial meeting of the State Council on May 7, 1901 in honor of the centenary of its establishment. 1903.
81 people are depicted, each of whom posed individually. How did he manage to arrange the composition in such a way that no one would fall out? Nicholas II sits under a portrait of Nicholas II by Repin. Recursion.

Opposite the painting hangs another portrait of Nicholas:

Portrait of Nicholas II. 1896.

The Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish Sultan. 1891. On right Belarusian. 1892, left Portrait of S. M. Dragomirova. 1889.

Barge Haulers on the Volga. 1873.
A fragment directly with barge haulers - very colorful characters.

To conclude Repin's theme:

Black woman. 1876.

On a turf bench. 1876.

A. Kuindzhi:

Sea. Crimea. 1908.

Night. 1908.

Duma on the fate of Russia:

M. Antokolsky. Mephistopheles. 1883.

Mower:

G. Myasoedov. Time of suffering(Mowers). 1887. Fragment.

It’s always interesting to look at the details of paintings where the plot is a scene from real life in the distant and not so distant past, some kind of action is taking place, there are a lot of people:

K. Savitsky. To war. 1888.
Seeing off the soldiers for the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, which was victorious for us Bulgarians.

K. Makovsky. Transfer of the sacred carpet to Cairo. 1876.
About the meeting of pilgrims from the Hajj. A tourist's impressions of visiting Egypt were clearly more interesting before.

V. Polenov. Christ and the sinner. 1888. Fragment with a sinner and a donkey. The donkey seems to be telling us: “Now they will stone them again as much as possible.”

Finishing the oriental theme:

V. Vereshchagin. At the door of the mosque. 1873.
Photographic quality pattern on the door. Considering that the picture is practically life-size, I involuntarily wanted to touch it to see if it was made of wood. The handprint on the wall attracts attention. By the way, the door is visible a little through the right figure.

Another version of thoughts about the fate of Russia from Antokolsky:

Ivan groznyj. 1871.
For some reason, next to the souvenir shop.

Let's move a little away from painting.
Folk art:

Ladle. 1753.

Patchwork bedspread.

"Mossies". Beginning of the twentieth century.
Gloomy Vyatka peasant toys.

Valance. End of the 18th century
Intricate pattern.

Imperial/State/Leningrad Porcelain Factory:

A lion. 1911.
Does he really look like Lenin? What is he doing with his right front paw...

"He who works, eats."
The propaganda china from the 1920s is simply beautiful.

Service with Suprematist ornaments. 1932.

Let's continue about the paintings.
The 20th century begins:

I. Levitan. Lake. Rus. 1900. Fragment.
The artist's last, unfinished painting.

K. Yuon. Spring sunny day. Sergiev Posad. 1910.

M. Vrubel. Bogatyr. 1898.
Fragment with a bird.

M. Nesterov. Venerable Sergius of Radonezh. 1899.

V. Serov. Bathing the Horse. 1905.

B. Kustodiev. Merchant's wife having tea. 1918.

N. Goncharova. Cyclist. 1913.

P. Filonov. Spring formula and active forces. 1928.
A small fragment.

V. Kuptsov. ANT-20 "Maxim Gorky". 1934.
Over Strelka V.O., where he never flew.
The largest plane in the world, just built in 1934, will crash a year later over Moscow during a demonstration flight with members of the families of aircraft manufacturers. And six months later Kuptsov would commit suicide.