Nissky, Georgy Grigorievich - biography. George of Nyssa: biography Could you name the iconic, most important paintings of Nyssa

Painter, graphic artist

From the family of a railway doctor. Studied at the Gomel Gubpolitprosvet Studio named after. M. A. Vrubel (1919–1920) with A. Ya. Bykhovsky; Vkhutemas - Vkhutein in Moscow (1922–1929) in the painting department of R.R. Falk, A.D. Drevin. During my studies I met A. A. Deineka. In 1928 he made his first trip to the Black Sea to collect material for his thesis. Graduation picture “The Internationale at Gilles-Barthes”. The Revolt of the French Sailors in Odessa” was acquired for the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery.

Lived in Moscow. In 1930–1931 he was on military service in the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army; made wall newspapers, posters, panels. IN early work created works in the spirit of OST: “Komsomol at a construction site” (1929), “On the shore” (1930), “Autumn. Semaphores" (1932), "On the tracks. May" (1933).

Since 1932, he traveled to the Black Sea almost every year to work - to Batumi, New Athos, Novorossiysk, Sevastopol, Sudak, Odessa. In 1936 he traveled to Sevastopol for sketches together with A. A. Deineka, G. G. Ryazhsky, F. S. Bogorodsky. He painted sea and industrial landscapes, paintings on the themes of the Soviet fleet: “Sevastopol” (1933), “Meeting of the Soviet and foreign fleet” (1933), “Sevastopol. Meeting" (1935), "Descent of a warship", "Maneuvers of ships of the Black Sea Fleet" (both - 1937).

In 1936, in connection with the preparation of the exhibition “Industry of Socialism”, he was sent to the Pacific Ocean. The result was the following films: “On the Pacific Ocean”, “Submarine”, “Port on Far East", "Detention of a Japanese schooner."

In the winter of 1940 he traveled to the Baltic Sea, where he completed the graphic series “Leningrad” and “Kronstadt”. In the fall of 1940 and spring of 1941 he worked in the Northern Fleet in the Barents Sea (“Battleships on the roads”, “Cruiser on the cruise”).

During the Great Patriotic War remained in Moscow. Collaborated with TASS Windows. Completed the cycles of work “Military Moscow”, “Defense of Odessa”, “Defense of Sevastopol”. He created the following films: “Battle over the Barents Sea” (1942), “Leningrad Highway” (1943), “Anti-aircraft battery at Dynamo” (1943), “Landing” (1945).

After the war summer months spent on his own yacht on the Canal. Moscow. Created works: “On the Moscow-Volga Canal” (1945), “Dmitrievsky Lock”, “Evening on the Klyazma” (both 1946), “Spring on the Klyazma” (1947), “Upper Volga” (1948). Author of landscapes: “Moscow open spaces” (1946), “Near Moscow. February" (1947), "Depot" (1949), "Moscow Rockade" (1957).

He made illustrations for the books “Sea Soul” by L. S. Sobolev (1936), A. S. Novikov-Priboy “Tsushima” (1945).

Since 1930 - participant in exhibitions (exhibition of works of revolutionary and Soviet themes in Moscow). Member of MOSSKH (MSSH, MOSH). He exhibited his works at exhibitions: an anti-imperialist exhibition dedicated to the International Red Day (1931), monumental and pictorial panels (1932), “XV years of the Red Army” (1933), a reporting exhibition of artists sent by the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the People's Commissariat for Education, "Vsekokhudozhnik" and the Moscow Union of Artists for USSR in 1933 (1934), spring exhibition of Moscow painters (1935), All-Union art exhibitions (1939 - “Industry of Socialism”, 1946, 1950, 1955), “Works of Moscow artists during the Great Patriotic War” (1942), “Red Army in the fight against German fascist invaders"(1943), landscape (1944), "30 years of the Soviet armed forces" (1948), "40 years of the Soviet armed forces" (1958) in Moscow; art exhibition in Vladivostok (1931); “Artists of the RSFSR for XV years” (1932), “200 years of the USSR Academy of Arts” (1957) in Leningrad and others.

Participant in a number of foreign exhibitions: “World tomorrow"in New York (1939), 28th Biennale in Venice (1956), World Exhibition in Brussels (1958); Soviet art in Warsaw (1951), Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay (1952), Prague, Bratislava, Brno (1954), Damascus, Beirut, Cairo (1955), London (1957).

Personal exhibitions took place in Moscow (1950, 1959 - “In the vastness of the Motherland”).

Honored Artist of the RSFSR, folk artist RFSR (1965), full member of the USSR Academy of Arts (1958). Laureate of the Stalin (State) Prize of the USSR, 3rd degree, for the paintings “Off the Shores of Dalniy”, “Landscape with a Lighthouse”, “Port of Odessa” (1951); awarded the silver medal of the USSR Academy of Arts for the painting “In the Far East” (1964).

He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery in Moscow.

Creativity is presented in major museum collections, including the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Russian Museum and others.

Nissky Georgy Grigorievich was born on January 21, 1903 at the small Novobelitsa station near Gomel, in the family of a station doctor.
His first teacher was the Vladimir icon painter Petrov. Local artist-student Zorin introduced Georgy Nyssky to the works of the World of Art artists.
In 1919, Nissky entered the Gomel art studio of Gubpolitprosvet named after. M. Vrubel, where, under the leadership of A. Ya. Bykhovsky, he first “came across the concepts of color, image and composition.”
In 1921, he was sent to Moscow and entered preparatory courses at the Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops (Vkhutemas, 1923-1930).
He moved to the painting department in 1923, where Robert Falk and Alexander Drevin became his teachers.
In parallel with his studies, he worked in a printing house and paid a lot of attention to sports, in particular volleyball.
In 1926 he met Alexander Deineka. At this time, under the influence of the style of OST, as well as the work of Alexander Deineka and Albert Marquet, a unique pictorial style of George Nyssa was formed, the features of which were the laconicism, dynamics and soulful lyricism of his landscapes.
In 1928, he made his first trip to the Black Sea to Novorossiysk to collect material for his thesis.
In 1930 he graduated from VKHUTEMAS, his thesis was “The International at Gilles-Barthes”. The revolt of the French sailors in Odessa" (Tretyakov Gallery).
He spent the end of 1930 and 1931 in the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army, designed wall newspapers, made posters and panels.
In 1936, together with A.A. Deineka, G.G. Ryazhsky and F.S. Bogorodsky traveled to Sevastopol and Balaklava for sketches, flew airplanes, went on high-speed boats and on a submarine.
The plots of the first famous works Nyssky, written in the early 1930s, apparently inspired by memories of childhood spent at the station, the railway theme prevails in them: “Autumn. Semaphores" (1932), "On the Tracks" (1933), "October" (1933).
However, in the second half of the 1930s, the artist turned to marine theme.
Nyssa writes seascapes(marines), and in the 1940s - naval battle compositions (“Maneuvers of ships of the Black Sea Fleet”, 1937; “Sinking of fascist transport”, 1942; “On the roadstead”, 1949).
In addition to painting, Nyssky illustrates a lot and in his illustrations remains faithful to the marine theme: (“Tsushima” by Novikov-Priboy, “Sea Soul” by Sobolev).
IN post-war years Nyssky turns to the landscape landscape, he writes snowy forests, returns to the topic of railways. Stations and trains increasingly appear in his landscapes: (“ Belarusian landscape", 1947; “Moscow region. February”, 1957) However, being a keen yachtsman (Nissky owned a small trophy yacht), he still paints expanses of water, but this time the place of the sea is taken by reservoirs near Moscow.
Nyssky travels a lot around the country; the impressions the artist received on his trips are vividly and vividly embodied in his canvases. For example, a painting spotted from the window of a fast-moving train was reflected in the composition “In the Far East” (1963), for which the artist received a silver medal from the Academy of Arts in 1964, the triptych “Port in the North” (1956-1957).
George of Nyssa is considered the founder of the so-called. harsh style. Last years Georgy Grigorievich was seriously ill.
Died in Moscow on June 18, 1987. He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery.

Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (list of works):

Nissky Georgy Grigorievich(January 21 (21), 1903 (19030121), Novobelitsa (Gomel) - June 18, 1987, Moscow) - Soviet artist.

Biography

Born into the family of a station doctor, at the small Novobelitsa station near Gomel. On the advice of local artist Zorin, who saw Nyssa’s drawings, he entered the Mikhail Vrubel Studio of Fine Arts. In 1921 he was sent to preparatory courses at the Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops (Vkhutemas, 1922-1930). He moved to the painting department in 1923, where Robert Falk and Alexander Drevin became his teachers.

He joined the OST easel society, founded in 1925. It was during these years, under the influence of the style of OST, as well as the work of Alexander Deineka, Albert Marquet, that the unique pictorial style of George Nyssa was formed, the features of which are laconicism, dynamics, extraordinary lyricism and the seeming fantasticality of his landscapes. In 1930 he graduated from VKHUTEMAS, his diploma work was “The Revolt of the French Sailors in Odessa.”

The plots of Nyssa’s first known works, written in the early 30s of the 20th century, are apparently inspired by memories of his childhood spent at the station; they are dominated by railway themes: “Autumn. Semaphores" (1932), "On the Tracks" (1933), "October" (1933). However, in the second half of the 30s, the artist turned to the marine theme. Nyssky paints seascapes (marinas), and in the 40s, sea battle compositions (“Maneuvers of ships of the Black Sea Fleet”, 1937; “Sinking of fascist transport”, 1942; “On the roadstead”, 1949). In addition to painting, Nyssky illustrates a lot and in his illustration remains faithful to the marine theme: (“Tsushima” by Novikov-Priboy, “Sea Soul” by Sobolev).

In the post-war years, Nyssky turned to landscape landscapes, he painted snow-covered forests, and returned to the theme of railways. Stations and trains increasingly appear in his landscapes: (“Belarusian Landscape”, 1947; “Moscow Region. February”, 1957) However, being a keen yachtsman (Nissky owned a small trophy yacht), he still paints expanses of water, but this time , the place of the sea is taken by reservoirs near Moscow.

Nyssky travels a lot around the country, the impressions the artist received during his trips are vividly and vividly embodied in his canvases. For example, a painting spotted from the window of a fast-moving train was reflected in the composition “In the Far East” (1963), for which the artist received a silver medal from the Academy of Arts in 1964, the triptych “Port in the North” (1956-1957).

George of Nyssa is considered the founder of the so-called. harsh style. In recent years, Georgy Grigorievich was seriously ill and did not have the opportunity to engage in creativity.

Died in Moscow in 1987. He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery. Lived in the “town of artists” on Nizhnyaya Maslovka Street in Moscow.

Interesting Facts

When in 1934, during his visit to the USSR, the French artist Albert Marquet, who visited Moscow museums a lot, answering the question asked in VOKS which of the Moscow artists he liked best, replied that he really loved Nyssa’s work “Autumn. Semaphores." After this, the artists said that Marche had “Nissian” taste.

Source: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissky,_Georgiy_Grigorievich

... The junction was surrounded Pinery and swamps overgrown with vines. A gang of barefoot, noisy boys rushes along the hot rails from the sun, along the dusty tracks of the Novobelitsa junction station. One of them, fair-haired, covered in freckles, Zhorka Nissky, the son of a station paramedic, lives in small house, just a hundred meters from railway. In this house he was born, grew up, and here, to the irrepressible roar and discordant screams of trains, his childhood passed. The whole world belonged to him - the sonorous forest streams, the lazy Sozh River, and even the mysterious lake on which the rafts walked - everything was in his domain. But the most expensive thing in his boyish kingdom was the railway with steam locomotives, a water pump, and semaphores.

Zhorka did not sit at home for a minute. Early in the morning he ran into the forest, swam with the guys in the river, then hurried back to the station in order to have time to climb onto the “cuckoo” with a familiar driver, and, under the envious gaze of his friends, blow the horn and, dying with happiness. I wish I could drive far, far away from Novobelitsy... I came home late, all smeared with fuel oil, often with broken arms and bruises. And then the father silently took a wet towel and gave out a daily dose of education.

Every morning Zhora he put on a beautiful cap with two crossed laurel branches and the letters “G.G.” - Gomel gymnasium, I took my backpack and, blessed by my radiant mother, went to school. Having walked twenty steps to the fence, he dived into the bushes, and a moment later, having jumped over the fence, he found himself in the attic home, where a canvas, “brushes and paints from Gunther and Wagner, bought with money saved from breakfast, were waiting for him.”

Zhorka loved to draw steam locomotives. Everything was fine until it came to the wheels - here everything went crookedly, askew, and the trains stubbornly stood still. Young artist often roared with frustration. One day he took a candlestick with a round stand, outlined it with a pencil, and the train immediately rolled faster than the wind. Local painter Zorin, who once saw his drawings, advised him to continue painting. Heeding the advice, Nissky entered a local studio.

In 1921, Georgy Nissky entered Vkhutemas.

Vkhutemas. Hundreds of pages are written about the daring and enthusiastic VKhutemas members, about their teachers, about the amazing time of daring and eccentricities, about endless disputes and discussions, in the hot crucible of which a precious alloy of art was born.

1920s Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Woman of the East”

1925 among students of the Main Department of Vkhutemas

1929 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Batumi”

1929 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Landscape with a sailboat”

The guys loved sports. They boxed, did athletics, and played volleyball. Vkhutemas volleyball players held the Moscow championship. In this national team, one of the best was Georgy Nissky. It was not for nothing that since childhood he was known as mischievous and fearless. Who else, if not him, ran along the parapet of the Vkhutemas building at the height of the eighth floor, scaring to death the old women standing in line at the Sandunovskie baths. Who, if not he, was the first to decide to jump from a plane with a parachute and, when his friends greeted him as a hero, declared that “it’s all nonsense”...

1930 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Parachute jump”

1927 In the gym at Rozhdestvenka

The desire to be the first, to learn new things, to dare - in all this there was a huge influence of Mayakovsky. Vladimir Vladimirovich often met with the youth of Vkhutemas, and she idolized him.

When Mayakovsky performed at the Polytechnic Museum, the VKHutemas members lined up in their courtyard on Rozhdestvenka in two columns and, singing, approached the doors of the museum, ticketless, swept away control and triumphantly burst into the hall. When everyone was seated where they could, Mayakovsky said, smiling: “Well, we can begin - Vkhutemas has arrived.” It was a time of storm and stress in art, a romantic time that gave many glorious names...

The year is 1930. Nissky is graduating from college. His diploma work was the painting “The Revolt of the French Sailors in Odessa.”

1930 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “The revolt of the French sailors in Odessa. (Uprising on the Jules Barthes)"

...The high autumn sky with light cirrus clouds promises a change in the weather. But today the sun is shining, it illuminates the land, dark from coal and fuel oil, crossed by railroad tracks. A locomotive slowly crawls along the tracks like a black beetle; semaphores with red hands stand in front of it like a white picket fence. One of them seemed to reluctantly raise his hand - the way was clear. Chilly. The steppe wind blows smoke from the chimney of a steam locomotive, sings in the steel wires of the telegraph, ruffles the feathers of a flock of sparrows, chillyly huddled together.

"Autumn". An extremely simple motif, spare, not rich in picturesque accessories, but why is it so exciting? Why, despite the lack of traditional signs of a golden autumn, do you involuntarily become enchanted? It seemed as if typical in attributes industrial landscape(locomotive, semaphores, telegraph wires) be deeply intimate? What is the secret of his charm?

Nissky is a poet. His vision of the world is deeply lyrical. Excitedly, emotionally, he perceives life in all its manifestations in a special way. Both in the vastness of events and in the smallest details of everyday life, the artist comprehends everything acutely and precisely. He writes very little from life, but he sees a lot. The painter rediscovers the world every day, every minute, the world of his dreams.

Novobelitsy. Fine days in the summer of 1932. The master comes to visit his parents, relax, and pee. He gets up early in the morning. The sun had just risen, and the garden, covered with dew, sparkled and sparkled. The birds are singing, there is indescribable grace all around. He goes into the distant, remote “Nesterovsky” forest to listen to the noise of the pines and the voices of birds, then he wanders to the river and watches for a long, long time how the wind drives flocks of clouds high in the sky. He meets his school friends, again rides the cuckoo shunter, and again comes home late at night, all dirty, tired and happy. Soon Nyssky finds that state of spiritual fullness that is so necessary for creativity for poets and artists.

He painted the landscape “Autumn” at home, sitting on a heap, according to his impression, without sketches. The father liked to sit nearby, silently looking at his son’s work. The old cat Masha always lay on his lap.

This is how this little masterpiece was born:

1932 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Semaphores. Autumn"

1933 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “On the tracks. May"

1933 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Beavers”
Since 1961 the city has been called Novomoskovsk

1935 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Railroad”

1930s Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Railway tracks”

In the mid-thirties, Nyssa was fascinated by the theme of the sea. He paints a number of paintings that made him famous. But he doesn’t give up searching for even an hour. In his workshop, dozens of small sketches are born, containing plans for new paintings, new solutions.
Text from the book Dolgopolov I.V. “Masters: Novels about Artists” Moscow: Voenizdat, 1981

1936 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) « sea ​​view. Sevastopol. Artillery Bay"

1937 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Maneuvers of the Black Sea Fleet”

1936 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Balaclava. On the shore"

1930

1930 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “We are sailors”

1932 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Magnolia”

1930s Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “On deck”

1934 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Planes in the mountains”

1937 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “In the Far East. Aerodrome"

1930s Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) magazine cover

1939 Nissky Georgy Grigorievich (Russia, 1903-1987) “Moscow plane”

The first full-fledged display of the artist’s work in modern history. Lifetime exhibitions do not count, but those held in post-Soviet times, showed small fragments without giving big picture. IRRI undertook to fix this - everyone will be creative periods to trace the formation and development of Nyssa’s style, a large layer of archival materials, including specially filmed documentary, and a study of influences - a separate block is devoted to idols and mentors, as well as followers of the artist.

“This is our first experience working with such big amount partners - paintings for the exhibition were provided by 25 museums and private collectors. In the process of preparing the exhibition, it turned out that Nyssky is an absolutely museum artist; most of his works immediately after being painted ended up in museums. We were able to bring not everything to the exhibition, but a lot, and we collected even more in the catalogue. It does not pretend to be reasonable, but will be as complete as possible. It is especially valuable for us that we were able to collect a triptych from 1961 dedicated to aviation - “Moscow Night”, “Aerodrome”, “Kolomenskoye” - in the form the artist conceived it and exhibited it at the All-Union Art Exhibition. Subsequently, these works were distributed to different collections,”- said the art director of IRRI and curator of the exhibition Nadezhda Stepanova.

ARTANDHOUSES selected six facts from the biography that you need to know when going to the exhibition.

Georgy Nissky
Photo from the archive of Andrey Dzamashvali

1. As a child, I fell in love with the landscape

Georgy Nissky was born in Belarus, in the town of Novobelitsa, among rivers, forests and lakes. He grew up in the 1910s–20s, the most vibrant and revolutionary years in Russian art, but future artist didn't know about this. His first drawings were steam locomotives on the pages of books by his father, a paramedic at a local railway station, and his first artistic impressions were reproductions of landscapes by Kuindzhi, Levitan. His interest in landscape will remain with him throughout his life, but the way he depicts it will change dramatically. “It was shameful to love the old masters,” Nyssky would write after moving to Moscow and meeting with,. "This is history, this is yesterday, this is last century. It is impossible to imagine our giant Tu-104 landing in the landscape of Levitan. There’s a different spirit, a different mood, a different era,” he would declare later, when there were airplanes in his paintings more real than people, and the composition will be built with electrical wires, highways and railways.

"On my way"
1958-1964

2. I went in for sports with Deineka

Nyssky studied at VKHUTEMAS with Robert Falk, he had the opportunity to pose, but their style was not close to him, and, by his own admission, at that time he spent more time in the gym than in the workshop. One of the entertainments of the young athlete was to perform a handstand on the roof of VKHUTEMAS, on the parapet of a six-story building, fighting fellow students (and fellow students). But there was no escape from art - in the gym, the volleyball player Nissky met a boxer. They found it easily mutual language, including in his desire to show on canvas the new reality surrounding them, and it was Deineka Nyssky who considered his mentor.

"Skydiving"
1930s
Institute of Russian Realistic Art

3. Was interested in yachts and cars

One of Nissky’s hobbies was sailing - he not only traveled on his own dinghy, but also took part in competitions and became the champion of Moscow. He was also one of the few artists who had his own Volga, which he used to travel in search of interesting subjects.

The curators managed to find in private collection a vintage car of the same GAZ-21 model that Nyssky drove, in the same cherry / clotted cream color, and for one day (September 14) it will appear in front of the museum entrance.

"Regatta"
Kursk Art Gallery named after Alexander Deineka

4. Collected visual texture at the front

Nyssa's works, as a rule, are laconic in both color and composition; they are not overloaded with details, so as not to distract the eye from the main motif. He often uses a very low horizon in his landscapes, which gives a feeling of boundless space in which planes, ships or trains move, conquering this vast space. Its coloring is also laconic. A typical example is the canvas “Above the Snows,” where in an almost monochrome blue-blue space, a flying airplane becomes the point of attraction. The researchers write that Nyssky did not transfer the motifs of the sketches onto the canvas directly, but “constructed” the composition using his accumulated visual experience. In 1942, together with Deineka and Pimenov, Nissky went to the front to collect material. The trip lasted four days, during which he did not make a single sketch, but he made a lot of notes. After returning to Moscow, work on the paintings proceeded quickly. It took only 50 hours to paint the canvas “For the Defense of Moscow”.

"To defend Moscow"
1942
Astrakhan State Art Gallery named after P.M. Dogadina

5. The thesis was bought by the Tretyakov Gallery

Nyssa was not deprived of recognition - already his thesis“Internationale at Gilles-Barthes”. The revolt of French sailors in Odessa in 1919" immediately after the defense I bought Tretyakov Gallery. Laureate Stalin Prize, People's Artist of the RSFSR, academician, he was understandable and recognized on the international stage. His work was noted by a visitor to Soviet Union in the 1930s. And the painting “Sevastopol. The Meeting”, shown at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1937, received a bronze medal.