International Mother Language Day. Dossier. International Mother Language Day: origins, celebration, prospects

Each nation has its own unique culture, history, traditions, way of life. And, of course, the language. Preserving it is a very important task. IN revolutionary Russia In 1917, there were 193 languages; at the time of the collapse of the USSR, only 40. About two languages disappeared every year... 5

Day native language- a holiday that began to be celebrated not so long ago. On this day, everyone should think about their attitude towards their native language, whether we are polluting it in the right words, are we speaking correctly? And on this day we must remember how many languages there are on earth, and each one should be appreciated. After all, language is the culture of a people. Getting to know other languages helps you understand how interesting and diverse the world is.

For a language to survive, it must be spoken by at least one person. At all times, languages arose, existed, then died out, sometimes without even leaving a trace. But never before have they disappeared so quickly. With the advent of new technologies, it has become even more difficult for national minorities to achieve recognition of their languages. After all, a language that is not represented on the Internet for modern world"does not exist". 7

International organization UNESCO has recorded about 6000 thousand languages spoken throughout the world. Half of them are on the verge of extinction. Just 4% of the population can speak 96% of languages fluently. And about 80% of the languages of African regions do not have a written representation. The international organization UNESCO has recorded about 6,000 thousand languages used throughout the world. Half of them are on the verge of extinction. Just 4% of the population can speak 96% of languages fluently. And about 80% of the languages of African regions do not have a written form 8

About 81% of pages on the global network are presented on English language. Behind it by a huge margin are German and Japanese languages, 2% each, then Spanish, French and languages Scandinavian countries, by 1%. Rest existing languages, taken together, occupy no more than 8% of the total web space. 9

Thanks to UNESCO, a portal has been created on the Internet to enable national minorities to gain access to knowledge and educational resources. First of all, UNESCO calls for assistance to countries wishing to preserve their cultural diversity and provides high-quality educational material to national minorities. 10

After all, respect and recognition of all languages is one of the main conditions for maintaining peace on the planet. All languages are unique in their own way. They have those words, expressions and phrases that accurately reflect the customs and mentality of the people. Like our names, we learn and acquire our native language in deep childhood from the lips of our mother. It shapes our perception of life and consciousness, permeates national culture and customs. eleven

Native language! I have known it since childhood, On it I said “mom” for the first time, On it I swore stubborn allegiance, And every breath I take on it is clear to me. Native language! It is dear to me, it is mine, On it the winds whistle in the foothills, On it for the first time I had the opportunity to hear the babbling of birds in the green spring...

Se si bzer - adygebzesch Bze winter 1 ezh lepkyyr lepkyyzhkyym. Zi bzer zezymypesyzham and l'epkari ig'epezhyrym. Anadelkhubzer 1 umpem zysch 1 y kezylkhua aneri egepud. Aner zerytl'ag'um huede kaabzeu anadel'khubzeri t'ag'uu, ar ane feeplyu di lym hepschaue schymytme, di shkh'em pshch 1 e huedmysch 1 yzhu arash.... Boziy Ludin

International Mother Language Day 2020 is celebrated on February 21st. The holiday is celebrated by people who study and pass on knowledge about language: teachers of literature, language, writing researchers, library staff, students, teachers and graduate students of philological faculties of higher educational institutions, people passionate about linguistics.

The purpose of the holiday is to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and protect endangered languages. Every year it is dedicated to a specific topic.

history of the holiday

On November 17, 1999, the General Conference of UNESCO declared February 21 as International Mother Language Day. The first celebrations took place in 2000. The UN General Assembly supported the initiative to proclaim the holiday in 2002 in Resolution No. Α/RES/56/262. She called on member countries to promote the preservation and protection of the languages of the world's peoples.

The date of the holiday is dedicated to the memory of the tragedy that occurred in Bangladesh on February 21, 1952. Pakistani police shot protesters who advocated the recognition of Bengali as the state language.

Holiday traditions

On this day, educational lectures, conferences, and seminars are held. Actions are being taken to protect the state language. Exhibitions and presentations dedicated to languages are organized at UNESCO headquarters in Paris and its branches. holiday concerts. IN educational institutions pass thematic classes. Competitions are held among native language experts. The media publishes articles about existing and endangered languages.

Each official UN language has its own holiday. Russian Language Day is celebrated on June 6, English on April 23, Spanish on October 12, French on March 20, Arabic on December 18 and Chinese on April 20. The European Day of Languages is celebrated on September 26, and Common Language Day on August 18.

54% of Internet resources are in English, 6% are in Russian.

There are 7 thousand languages on Earth. One of the reasons for their disappearance is the uneven distribution of the number of carriers. A language becomes extinct if fewer than 100 thousand people speak it.

In 2009, UNESCO recognized 136 languages in Russia as endangered.

The UN General Assembly proclaimed 2008 International Year languages.

Pidgin is a simplified, non-native speech, a means of communication between several ethnic groups.

Researchers claim that a primitive protolanguage appeared 2.3 million years ago in Homo habilis, a highly developed australopithecine.

The history of linguistics began in the 5th century BC. e.

International Mother Language Day, proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO on November 17, 1999, has been celebrated annually on February 21 since 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.

In turn, the UN General Assembly in its resolution declared 2008 the International Year of Languages. 2010 was proclaimed the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures (International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures).

The date for the Day was chosen to commemorate the events that occurred in Dhaka (now the capital of Bangladesh) on February 21, 1952, when students who demonstrated in defense of their native language Bengali, which they demanded to be recognized as one of the official languages of the country, were killed by police bullets. .

Languages are the most powerful tool for preserving and developing our material and spiritual heritage. According to UNESCO estimates, half of the world's approximately 6 thousand languages may soon lose their last speakers.

All steps taken to promote the spread of mother tongues serve not only to promote linguistic diversity and multilingual education, to develop greater familiarity with linguistic and cultural traditions around the world, but also to strengthen solidarity based on mutual understanding, tolerance and dialogue.

February 21, 2003 on the occasion of International Mother Language Day CEO UNESCO K. Matsuura noted: “Why is so much attention paid to the native language? Because languages make up a unique expression human creativity in all its diversity. As a tool of communication, perception and reflection, language also describes how we see the world and reflects the connection between the past, present and future. Tongues bear traces chance encounters, the various sources from which they were fed, each according to its separate history.

Mother tongues are unique in the way they imprint each person from the moment of birth, endowing him with a special vision of things that never really disappears, despite the fact that a person subsequently masters many languages. Studying foreign language“It’s a way to get acquainted with a different vision of the world, with different approaches.”

And every year, as part of the celebration of Mother Language Day in different countries pass various events, dedicated to a specific theme and aimed at promoting respect for, and promoting and protecting all languages (especially endangered languages), linguistic diversity and multilingualism. So, in different years The Day was dedicated to the following topics: the relationship between the mother tongue and multilingualism, especially in education; Braille system and sign language; raising public awareness of language and cultural traditions based on mutual understanding, tolerance and dialogue; protection of the intangible heritage of humanity and preservation of cultural diversity; the role of the language in which teaching is conducted in schools and others.

Mongolian is the language of the Mongols and the official language of Mongolia. The term can be used more widely: for the Mongolian language of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia in China, for all languages Mongolian group, V historical context for such languages as ancient common Mongolian and old written Mongolian languages.

The language of the Mongols, the main population of Mongolia, as well as Inner Mongolia and Russian Federation. Based on the main dialect, it is often called Khalkha-Mongolian or simply Khalkha.

The Khalkha Mongolian dialect (or language) has a literary norm and the status of the official language in Mongolia. The number of speakers is about 2.3 million people. (1995). The Khalkha dialect is part of the central group of dialects of the Mongolian language. Along with it, the eastern and western groups are also distinguished. The differences between dialects are mainly phonetic.

How National language Mongolia began to take shape after the Mongolian People's Revolution (1921) based on the Khalkha dialect. Since 1943 - writing based on the Cyrillic alphabet.

The Khalkha Mongolian language, together with the Mongolian written language, is part of the Mongolian family of languages. This family is divided into the following groups:

Northern Mongolian languages: Buryat, Kalmyk, Ordos, Khamnigan, Oirat;
Southern Mongolian languages: Dagur, Shira-Yugur, Dongxiang, Baoan, Tu language (Mongolian);
Mughal stands apart in Afghanistan.

By their structure, these are agglutinative languages with elements of inflection. The majority (except Kalmyk and Buryat) are characterized by impersonal conjugation. In the field of morphology, they are also characterized by the absence of a sharp line between inflection and word formation: for example, different case forms of the same word often function lexically as new words and allow a secondary declension, the basis of which is not the primary stem, but the case form. The role of possessive pronouns is played by special suffixes: personal and impersonal. The presence of predicative suffixes gives the impression that names can be conjugated. Parts of speech are poorly differentiated. The following parts of speech are distinguished: noun, verb and immutable particles. Noun and adjective in most living and written languages are not differentiated morphologically and differ only in terms of syntax.

In the area of syntax, the characteristic position of the definition before the defined, the predicate is usually at the end of sentences and the lack of agreement in the case of the definition and the defined, as well as different members of the sentence.

1. The date for the Day was chosen to commemorate the events that occurred in Dhaka (now the capital of Bangladesh) on February 21, 1952, when students who demonstrated in defense of their native language Bengali, which they demanded to be recognized as one of the official languages of the country, were killed by police bullets. .

2. In revolutionary Russia in 1917, there were 193 languages, but at the time the agreement on the collapse of the USSR was signed in December 1991, there were only 40. On average, two languages disappeared every year. Currently, 136 languages in Russia are in danger of extinction, and 20 have already been declared dead.
3. Experts believe that for a language to survive, it needs to be spoken by at least 100 thousand people. At all times, languages arose, existed, then died out, sometimes without even leaving a trace. But never before have they disappeared as quickly as in the 20th century.
4. According to UNESCO estimates, half of the world's 6 thousand languages are in danger of extinction.

5. Today there are more than 6 thousand in the world different languages. Among them are the most complex, the most common and others Interesting Facts about the languages of the world.
6. One of the most complex languages to study - Basque, it is so complex that during the Second World War this language was used as a code.

7. Papua has the most languages - New Guinea. More than seven hundred Papuan and Melanesian languages and dialects are spoken here. It is logical that it was difficult to agree on which of them would become the state one. Therefore, according to the country's constitution, there is no official language here, and documentation uses English and its local version - pidgin English (half of Papuan "Tok Pisin").

8. The most complete dictionary of the Chinese language contains more than 87,000 characters, each of which represents a different syllable. The most complex is the archaic hieroglyph se - “chatty”, consisting of 64 lines, and of those currently in use - the hieroglyph nan, which contains 36 lines and means “stuffy nose”.

9. The most common sound - no language can do without the vowel “a”.

10. The rarest sound is the Czech sound “RZD”. It is not easy for Czech children - they are the last to learn Russian Railways.

11. The oldest letter is "O". It first appeared in the Phoenician alphabet around 1300. BC and hasn't changed a bit since then. Today the letter “o” is included in 65 alphabets in the world.

12. Nowadays, most people in the world speak Chinese(Mandarin dialect) - 885 million people, in second place Spanish and only in the third - English. Russian language is in 7th place in popularity, it is spoken by 170 million people around the world.

13 . 80% of all the world's information is stored in English. More than half of technical andscientific publications in the world are published on it.

14. The shortest alphabet in the world is that of the natives of the island of Bougainville - only 11 letters. In second place is the Hawaiian alphabet - there are 12 letters.

15. The longest alphabet in the world is Cambodian, with 74 letters.

16. It turns out that Finnish is considered the easiest language. On it, the sound of all letters is always the same - how it is heard is how it is written. Although its grammar is much more complex than English - there are 15 cases alone.

17 . There are now 46 languages in the world that are spoken by just one person.

18 . There are cases of saving languages. The most a shining example the second birth is Hebrew, which was considered a “dead” language for almost 2000 years. Today, Hebrew is spoken by 8 million people, including 5 million who use it as their primary language.

19 . Today there are 6,809 “living” languages in the world. Most of them are in Asia and Africa.

20. Literary Belarusian language according to different estimates contains from 250 to 500 thousand words. The dialectal language of Belarus is much richer - it has 1.5-2 million words.

Happy Mother Language Day!

Speak it often so it doesn't disappear!

Each nation has its own unique and inimitable language, which corresponds to the purpose of man and carries with it a whole heritage. Residents of a particular state have their own character traits, traditions, culture, and language is their direct reflection. It conveys the entire identity of the people, so the native language is a source of real pride. And Mother Language Day is a very important and necessary holiday.

Background

Like any celebration, this one has its own historical background. Its celebration was made possible by the events that took place in 1952 in Pakistan. Those from Dhaka University took part in a demonstration against the Urdu language. The majority spoke the Bengali dialect, so it was this language that the protesters demanded to recognize as the state language. However, they not only did not listen to them, but also began to shoot. As a result, four student activists were killed. Following the deaths of these and other Pakistanis, as well as a series of unrest and liberation movements, Bengali was declared the official language of the country. The struggle for the right to use the manner of communication familiar from childhood was crowned with success. Subsequently, through an initiative (recognized in 1971 by an independent state), the UNESCO organization proclaimed the date February 21 as International Mother Language Day, which has been celebrated annually throughout the world for 14 years.

How this day is celebrated in different countries

It is not for nothing that Mother Language Day is recognized internationally. It is celebrated in many countries. In some of them, people adhere to certain orders and traditions in celebration, in others - each time everything takes place according to a completely new plan. Let's take a look at a few of the countries that first come to mind.

Bangladesh

I really want to touch upon this particular country, since here Mother Language Day is considered a national holiday, since the anniversary of February 21 became a turning point in the fate of people and in the history of the entire country. As a rule, on this day, residents of Bengal organize a festive procession, lay flowers in memory of the martyrs in Dhaka (at the Shaheed Minar monument), and sing patriotic songs. Cultural programs, festive dinners, and prizes are awarded at city venues. There is also a special ritual associated with this great day for Bengalis. They buy special glass bracelets for themselves and their relatives, thereby emphasizing their attachment to their native language and paying tribute to national traditions and the history of your country.

International Mother Language Day in Bangladesh is special holiday. Every year, any event for Mother Language Day is prepared with special scope and honor. The government and non-governmental organizations of the country encourage in every possible way the holding of various kinds of events, trying to support the love of fellow citizens for their native language, and also do this with the aim of preserving and further developing the indigenous speech.

Switzerland

Let's touch on Europe. For example, in Switzerland, on February 21, Mother Language Day is celebrated in an educational spirit. Promotions, practical classes, and numerous seminars are held. Particularly acute in this country is the issue of families in which children speak two languages and both are native to them. The authorities, teachers and parents are well aware that such children require a special approach, which is why the country is developing individual programs for training and educating the younger generation, which are being successfully implemented.

English-speaking countries

In many countries of Europe and not only (England, Ireland, Singapore, Jamaica, Malta, New Zealand, and even the whole continent, and therefore native English), it must be admitted that it is, in fact, included in the composition of six, therefore, it is most directly related to the holiday. In any negotiations, travel and simply in communication, it will be your main lifesaver.

Each language is beautiful and wonderful in its own way, so we must not forget it, love it, cherish it and be proud of it!

Mother Language Day in Russia

In our country, love for one's native language can be compared to the feeling true patriotism, which permeates everything and each of us. Especially if we're talking about about primordially Slavic values, to which we can confidently include the Russian language.

There are many different worthy statements about the Russian word, but no one has yet expressed themselves on this topic better than the classics. The most accurate sayings that clearly reflect our spirit of patriotism include the Russian writer I. S. Turgenev, who said: “... you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language.” Or just recall the decisive statement of V. G. Belinsky, he argued that “the Russian language is one of richest languages in the world, and there is no doubt about it." It is perhaps difficult to disagree with these brilliant people, because thanks to our language we think, communicate, create.

In our country, Mother Language Day, the script of which is carefully thought out and prepared in advance, is held in many schools, libraries, palaces of culture, higher education institutions educational institutions and other educational institutions. Students carefully select the key in which the topic will be covered, learn words, and rehearse. All designated events, as a rule, are of a solemn, patriotic and educational nature. They are held with the aim of instilling in children a sense of respect and love for their culture, history, traditions and, of course, their native Russian language.

Vanishing dialects

In statistical terms, today, out of six thousand languages existing in the world, more than two hundred are considered extinct; they do not have a single living speaker. There is also the unfortunate linguistic category of endangered and endangered types of speech (with almost no descendants speaking them). And unstable languages that are not successful because they do not have official status, and their distribution area is so small that the prospects for their continued existence leave much to be desired.

In Russia, about 140 languages are on the verge of falling into disuse, and twenty have already been recognized as lifeless.

Each native language has its own characteristics and culture. It distinguishes nations, makes people value and respect their indigenous style of speech, and pass it on from generation to generation. Therefore, Mother Language Day is definitely worth supporting, as international holiday, encourage and carry out at the proper level in all countries of the world.