Bunin's attitude to the theme of love. Help!!! As soon as possible!!! Why does Bunin believe that love is a “brief guest on earth”? (based on the stories "Sunstroke", "Dark Alleys", "Clean Monday")
I. A. Bunin - the theme of love
In the theme of love, Bunin reveals himself as a man of amazing talent, a subtle psychologist who knows how to convey the state of the soul wounded by love. The writer does not avoid complex, frank topics, depicting the most intimate human experiences in his stories. Over the centuries, many literary artists have dedicated their works to the great feeling of love, and each of them found something unique and individual about this theme. It seems to me that the peculiarity of Bunin the artist is that he considers love to be a tragedy, a catastrophe, madness, a great feeling, capable of both infinitely elevating and destroying a person.
Love is a mysterious element that transforms a person’s life, giving his destiny uniqueness against the background of ordinary everyday stories, filling his earthly existence with special meaning.
This mystery of existence becomes the theme of Bunin’s story “The Grammar of Love” (1915). The hero of the work, a certain Ivlev, having stopped on the way to the house of the recently deceased landowner Khvoshchinsky, reflects on “an incomprehensible love that has turned a whole life into some kind of ecstatic life.” human life, which perhaps should have been the most everyday life”, if not for the strange charm of the maid Lushka. It seems to me that the mystery lies not in the appearance of Lushka, who “was not at all good-looking,” but in the character of the landowner himself, who idolized his beloved. “But what kind of person was this Khvoshchinsky? Crazy or just some dazed, focused soul?” According to neighboring landowners. Khvoshchinsky “was known in the district as a rare clever man. And suddenly this love fell on him, this Lushka, then unexpected death her - and everything went to dust: he shut himself up in the house, in the room where Lushka lived and died, and sat on her bed for more than twenty years...” How can this twenty-year seclusion be called? Insanity? For Bunin, the answer to this question is not at all clear.
The fate of Khvoshchinsky strangely fascinates and worries Ivlev. He understands that Lushka entered his life forever, awakening in him “a complex feeling, similar to what he once experienced in an Italian town when looking at the relics of a saint.” What made Ivlev buy from the heir of Khvoshchinsky “for expensive price” a small book “The Grammar of Love”, which the old landowner did not part with, cherishing the memories of Lushka? Ivlev would like to understand what the life of a madman in love was filled with, what he ate long years his orphaned soul. And following the hero of the story, the “grandchildren and great-grandsons” who have heard the “voluptuous legend about the hearts of those who loved”, and along with them the reader of Bunin’s work, will try to reveal the secret of this inexplicable feeling.
An attempt to understand the nature of love feelings by the author and in the story “ Sunstroke”(1925). “A strange adventure” shakes the lieutenant’s soul. Having parted with a beautiful stranger, he cannot find peace. At the thought of the impossibility of meeting this woman again, “he felt such pain and uselessness of all his later life without her, that he was seized by horror and despair.” The author convinces the reader of the seriousness of the feelings experienced by the hero of the story. The lieutenant feels “terribly unhappy in this city.” "Where to go? What to do?" - he thinks lost. The depth of the hero’s spiritual insight is clearly expressed in the final phrase of the story: “The lieutenant was sitting under a canopy on the deck, feeling ten years older.” How to explain what happened to him? Maybe the hero came into contact with that great feeling that people call love, and the feeling of the impossibility of loss led him to realize the tragedy of existence?
Torment loving soul, the bitterness of loss, the sweet pain of memories - such unhealed wounds are left in the destinies of Bunin’s heroes by love, and time has no power over it.
In the story “ Dark alleys” (1935) depicts a chance meeting of people who loved each other thirty years ago. The situation is quite ordinary: a young nobleman easily parted with the serf girl Nadezhda who was in love with him and married a woman of his circle. And Nadezhda, having received her freedom from the masters, became the owner of an inn and never got married, had no family, no children, and did not know ordinary everyday happiness. “No matter how much time passed, she lived alone,” she admits to Nikolai Alekseevich. – Everything passes, but not everything is forgotten... I could never forgive you. Just as I didn’t have anything more valuable than you in the world at that time, so I didn’t have anything later.” She could not change herself, her feelings. And Nikolai Alekseevich realized that in Nadezhda he had lost “the most precious thing he had in life.” But this is a momentary epiphany. Leaving the inn, he “remembered with shame his last words and that he kissed her hand, and was immediately ashamed of his shame.” And yet it is difficult for him to imagine Nadezhda as his wife, the mistress of the Petegbug house, the mother of his children... This gentleman attaches too much great importance class prejudices in order to prefer genuine feelings to them. But he paid for his cowardice with a lack of personal happiness.
How differently the characters in the story interpret what happened to them! For Nikolai Alekseevich this is “a vulgar, ordinary story,” but for Nadezhda it is not dying memories, many years of devotion to love.
Yes, love has many faces and is often inexplicable. This is an eternal mystery, and every reader of Bunin’s works seeks his own answers, reflecting on the mysteries of love. The perception of this feeling is very personal, and therefore someone will treat what is depicted in the book as “ vulgar story”, and someone will be shocked by the great gift of love, which, like the talent of a poet or musician, is not given to everyone. But one thing is certain: Bunin’s stories telling about the most intimate things will not leave readers of the late 20th century indifferent. Every young person will find in Bunin’s works something consonant with his own thoughts and experiences, will touch great secret love. This is what makes the author of “Sunstroke” always modern writer, arousing deep reader interest.
All love is happiness
even if it is not divided.
I. Bunin
Many of I. A. Bunin’s works, and above all his stories about love, reveal to us his subtle and observant soul as a writer-artist, writer-psychologist, writer-lyricist.
The “Dark Alleys” cycle is a collection of short stories, life sketches, the main theme of which is a high and bright human feeling. And here Bunin appears as a bold innovator, how frank, naturalistically distinct and at the same time light, transparent, elusive love is in these stories.
All Bunin's stories about love have a unique plot, original lyrical heroes. But they are all united by a common “core”: the suddenness of love insight, the passion and short duration of the relationship, the tragic outcome. This happens because true love, as the writer believed, is doomed to be only a flash and cannot be prolonged.
Love is spoken of as the highest gift of fate in the story “Sunstroke.” But here, too, the tragedy of a high feeling is aggravated precisely by the fact that it is mutual and too beautiful to last without turning into commonplace.
Surprisingly, despite the unhappy endings of the stories, Bunin’s love is almost always perfect, harmonious, mutual, and neither quarrels nor the prose of life can spoil or undermine it. Maybe that's why it's so short? After all, these moments of relationships that elevate both a man and a woman do not pass without a trace, they remain in memory as landmarks and reliable light beacons to which people return throughout their lives. Material from the site
Dissimilarity " love stories" Bunin's stories help us understand the diversity, individuality, uniqueness of each love story: happy or unhappy, mutual or unrequited, elevating or destroying... Throughout life, a person can more than once touch this secret, which arises deep in the heart and turns the , coloring in bright colors the whole world - and every time his love will be new, fresh, unlike the past... I think this is exactly what I. A. Bunin wanted to convey in his stories.
Bunin wrote a lot about love, its tragedies and rare moments of true happiness.” These works are marked by an extraordinary poeticization of human feelings, they revealed the wonderful talent of the writer, his ability to penetrate into the intimate depths of the heart, with their unknown and unknown laws.
For Bunin in true love there is something in common with the eternal beauty of nature, therefore only such a feeling of love is beautiful, which is natural, not false, not fictitious; for it, love and existence without it are two hostile lives, and if love dies, then that other life is no longer needed .
Exalting love, Bunin does not hide the fact that it brings not only joy and happiness, but also very often conceals torment, grief, disappointment, and death. In one of his letters, he himself explained precisely this motive in his work and not only explained, but convincingly proved: “Don’t you still know that love and death are inextricably linked? Every time I experienced a love catastrophe - and there were many of these love catastrophes in my life, or rather, almost every love of mine was a catastrophe - I was close to suicide.”
Bunin told the story of tragic love in a short story"Sunstroke". A chance acquaintance on a ship, an ordinary “road adventure”, a “fleeting meeting”. But how did all this random and fleeting end for the heroes? “Nothing even similar to what happened has ever happened to me, and there never will be again. The eclipse definitely hit me. Or, rather, we both got something like sunstroke,” admits the lieutenant’s companion. But this blow has not yet touched the hero.
Having seen off his friend and carefreely returned to the hotel, he suddenly felt that his heart “squeezed with an incomprehensible tenderness” at the memory of her. When he realized that he had lost her forever (after all, he didn’t even know her first and last name), “he felt such pain and such uselessness of his entire future life without her that he was overcome by horror and despair.” And again Bunin’s motif intensifies the tragedy of a person: love and death are always nearby. Struck, as if by a blow, by this unexpected love, the lieutenant is ready to die, just to return this dear and beloved creature to him: “He, without hesitation, would die tomorrow, if by some miracle he could return her, spend another “To spend this day only to express to her and somehow prove, convince her how painfully and enthusiastically he loves her.”
The collection of stories “Dark Alleys” can be called an encyclopedia of love dramas. The writer created it during the Second World War (1937-1944). Later, when the book was published and readers were shocked by the “eternal drama of love,” Bunin admitted in one of his letters: “She talks about the tragic and many tender and beautiful things,” I think this is the best and most original thing I have written in my life.” And although in many stories the love that the writer spoke about is tragic, Bunin claims that all love is great happiness, even if it ends in separation, death, or tragedy. Many of Bunin’s heroes come to this conclusion, having lost, overlooked, or destroyed their love themselves.
But this insight, enlightenment comes to the heroes too late, as, for example, to Vitaly Meshchersky, the hero of the story “Natalie”. Bunin told the story of student Meshchersky’s love for the young beauty Natalie Stankevich, about their breakup, about long loneliness. The tragedy of this love lies in the character of Meshchersky, who experiences a sincere and sublime feeling for one girl, and “passionate bodily intoxication” for the other, both of which seem to him to be love. But it is impossible to love two at once. Physical attraction to Sonya quickly passes, big, real love stays with Natalie for life. Only for a short moment were the heroes given the true happiness of love, but the author ended the idyllic union of Meshchersky and Natalie with the untimely death of the heroine.
In stories about love, I. A. Bunin affirmed true spiritual values, the beauty and greatness of a person capable of great, selfless feeling, he portrayed love as a high, ideal, beautiful feeling, despite the fact that it brings not only joy and happiness, but more often - grief, suffering, death.
The theme of love in the works of I. A. Bunin
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is one of the most prominent Russian writers of the twentieth century. He was excellent at both poetry and prose, as short stories, and novels. But still, I appreciate Ivan Alekseevich’s talent precisely for that part of his work that can be called the “small” genre. And I especially like Bunin’s stories, the main theme of which is love.
These works most clearly reveal the author's talent for describing everything intimate, sometimes quite unusual, for conveying ideas and thoughts. Extraordinary poetry brings sensuality to the narrative, which is so necessary for works with such themes. If you trace Bunin's entire work from beginning to end, you can divide it into periods, based on what theme he prefers in his works. I am interested in the collection “Dark Alleys,” written during the Second World War, because it is entirely devoted to the theme of love; after reading the stories from it, you can try to formulate the main idea, the author’s thought. In my opinion, the main “thesis” of Bunin’s work lies in the quote: “All love is great happiness, even if it is not divided.” But in love dramas collection, namely they form its basis, one can also be convinced that Bunin values only the natural, pure love, high human feeling, rejecting far-fetched false impressions. Ivan Alekseevich also in his stories inextricably connects love with death, connects the beautiful and the terrible. But this is not a far-fetched composition, the author is thus trying to show readers how close love borders on death, how close the two extremes are to each other.
The most famous stories among readers are “Sunstroke”, “ Clean Monday" and "Natalie". They all fit perfectly into the description of the tragic love story With sad ending, but in each of them Bunin reveals to us a new aspect, A New Look for love.
The heroes of “Sunstroke” meet completely by chance on a ship. But their fleeting attraction does not pass without a trace for both characters. She tells the lieutenant: “Nothing even similar to what happened has ever happened to me, and there never will be again. The eclipse definitely hit me... Or, rather, we both got something like sunstroke.” But this shock affects him only when he, having escorted her to the ship, returns to the hotel. His heart “squeezed with an incomprehensible tenderness,” and “he felt such pain and such uselessness of his entire future life without her that he was overcome by horror and despair,” because he did not know her name or surname. The love that the lieutenant realized too late almost destroys him; he is ready to die for one more day spent with her. But we are convinced that in fact love is a blessing, despite the fact that it ends so quickly, we understand how strong and comprehensive this feeling is.
In the short story “Clean Monday,” so beloved by the author, we are told about unrequited love hero to the mysterious heroine. She is not interested in and even rejects many things accepted in their circle; her complex nature haunts the hero. The heroine’s alienation (“she doesn’t need anything: neither flowers, nor books, nor dinners, nor theaters, nor dinners outside the city...”) is explained on Forgiveness Sunday, when the heroes go together to the cemetery. We learn about her passion for antiquity, Kremlin cathedrals and monasteries. The heroine tries to find meaning and support in the world around her, but she doesn’t find it, even the hero’s love does not bring her happiness. The meaning of the name is that the heroine, not finding beauty and spirituality in modern world, is cleared of her previous life and goes to a monastery, where, as it seems to her, she will be happy.
The main character of the third story, Vitaly Meshchersky, turns out to be himself guilty of the love tragedy that played out between him, his cousin Sonya and her friend Natalie. The student cannot decide whether to prefer “passionate bodily intoxication” for Sonya or a sincere and sublime feeling for Natalie. Avoiding choice ends in a tragic ending. The author shows us that Vitaly’s feeling for Sonya is feigned, but his love for Natalie is true, proving her superiority.
In stories about love, I. A. Bunin claims that love is a high and beautiful feeling, and a person who is capable of love is highly moral. Despite the fact that love brings not only joy and happiness, but also grief and suffering, it is a great feeling. And I completely agree with this.
The problem of deep human feelings is very important for a writer, especially for one who feels subtly and experiences vividly. Therefore it plays a significant role. He dedicated many pages of his creations to her. True feeling and the eternal beauty of nature are often consonant and equivalent in the writer’s works. The theme of love in Bunin’s work runs alongside the theme of death. Strong feelings are not only joyful, they often disappoint a person, become the cause of torment and torment, which can lead to deep depression and even death.
The theme of love in Bunin's works is often associated with the theme of betrayal, because death for the writer is not only a physical state, but also a psychological category. The one who betrayed his own or others strong feelings, died forever for them, although he continues to drag out his miserable physical existence. Life without love is boring and uninteresting. But not every person is able to experience it, just as not everyone is tested by it.
An example of how the theme of love is expressed in Bunin’s work is the story “Sunstroke” (1925).
It was exactly reminiscent in its strength of the feeling that gripped the lieutenant and the little tanned woman on the deck of the steamer. He suddenly invited her to get off at the nearest pier. They went ashore together.
To describe the passionate feelings that the characters experienced when they met, the author uses the following epithets: “impulsively”, “frenziedly”; verbs: “rushed”, “choked”. The narrator explains that their feelings were also strong because the heroes had never experienced anything like this in their lives. That is, feelings are endowed with exclusivity and uniqueness.
The morning together at the hotel is described as follows: sunny, hot, happy. This happiness is shaded by the ringing of bells, enlivened by a bright bazaar on the hotel square with a variety of smells: hay, tar, the complex aroma of Russian county town. Portrait of the heroine: small, stranger, like a seventeen-year-old girl (you can roughly estimate the heroine’s age - about thirty). She is not prone to embarrassment, is cheerful, simple and reasonable.
She tells the lieutenant about the eclipse, the strike. The hero does not yet understand her words; the “blow” has not yet shown its effect on him. He sees her off and returns still “carefree and easy” to the hotel, as the author says, but something is already changing in his mood.
To gradually increase anxiety, the description of the room was used: empty, not like that, strange, a cup of tea that she had not drunk. The feeling of loss is enhanced by the still lingering smell of her English cologne. The verbs describe the lieutenant's growing excitement: his heart clenched with tenderness, he hurries to light a cigarette, he slaps himself on the tops of his boots, he walks back and forth around the room, a phrase about a strange adventure, there are tears in his eyes.
Feelings are growing and require release. The hero needs to isolate himself from their source. He covers the unmade bed with a screen, closes the windows so as not to hear that market noise that he liked so much at first. And he suddenly wanted to die to come to the city where she lives, but realizing that this was impossible, he felt pain, horror, despair and the complete uselessness of his further life without her.
The problem of love is most clearly expressed in the forty stories of the cycle, which form an entire encyclopedia of feelings. They reflect their diversity, which occupies the writer. Of course, tragedy is more common on the pages of the series. But the author sings of the harmony of love, the merging, the inseparability of male and feminine. Like a true poet, the author is constantly looking for it, but, unfortunately, he does not always find it.
About love reveal to us his non-trivial approach to their description. He listens to the sounds of love, peers into its images, guesses silhouettes, trying to recreate the fullness and range of complex nuances of the relationship between a man and a woman.
