Russian newspapers in California: a review of three local media. How the Russian community lives in San Francisco Earlier in the trip
Russian Center building in San Francisco
Photo: Lenta.ru
The Russian Center of San Francisco organizes an active cultural life for the Russian-speaking community of the city.
The publication spoke about how dance classes take place there. enta.ru.
In 2019, the Russian Center will celebrate the 80th anniversary of its work. It was founded in the 30s of the last century by immigrants from Russia. Russians settled in California in the middle of the nineteenth century. San Francisco still has a Russian roller coaster Russian Hill- at the beginning of the twentieth century, religious refugees from Russia settled there, in particular the Molokan community. (The Molokans’ move to California, by the way, was partially sponsored by Leo Tolstoy and Maxim Gorky.)
Since 1899, statistics on migrants appeared in the United States, and it turned out that the Russians of those years came to America literally beggars - in 1910-1914, only 5.3% of immigrants from Russia had more than 50 dollars with them. Even before the powerful wave of “white emigration” that brought orders overseas, family photo albums, ball gowns, icons and nostalgia, immigrants from Russian Empire in the USA there were more than one and a half million (as of 1910).
An employee of the center proudly speaks about the local Russian community that it is the oldest and largest in the United States and, in general, one of the largest Russian communities abroad.
Those Russian immigrants who come to California now are mostly young programmers, techies who live in the present, not in the memory of the past, so a center that preserves old-fashioned ideals does not attract them. In addition, the history that the “White Guard” communities that formed in the United States after the revolution cherish is not family history for modern Russians. This is not their story at all, for that matter - it is the story of those whom their ancestors once defeated in the Civil War and kicked out of the country. And now, 100 years later, the descendants of both meet in San Francisco and nothing happens - these different “Russies” have little contact with each other.
A bright building with a large inscription on the facade “Russian Center” on Sutter Street is immediately noticeable. Inside there are several halls for sports and dance classes, up the stairs there is a museum and office rooms.
The editorial office of the newspaper "Russian Life" located in the Russian Center became famous for the fact that in October 2012 it interviewed Russian minister culture of Vladimir Medinsky - the same one in which he told the whole world that Russians have an “extra chromosome.”
The museum is going through a period of reorganization: too many exhibits have accumulated. For now they are practically piled up in several small halls. It all looks amateurish, but the museum does not pretend to be academic; it operates at the expense of enthusiasts. All exhibits are family-owned. First Russian historical society, which stood at the origins of the museum, was created in 1937 and immediately began to collect various items of bygone Russian life. After World War II, in 1948, a group of emigrants organized the Museum of Russian Culture and included exhibits collected by the Russian Historical Society.
“Today the descendants of the old emigrants are third or fourth generation Americans. They don’t need these things and don’t understand them, but they don’t want them to disappear,” explained the museum employee.
In the small hall on the ground floor there are photographs of the leaders of the first organizations that united local Russian youth. In 1923, a Russian football team was created, which won the silver cup in its first season, and the Russian sports club “Mercury” was founded (1924). In the early 50s, the Russian Falcon sports society appeared. Children were called "falcons", boys - brothers, girls - sisters.
The Russian Center in San Francisco preserves the memory of tragedies that are absent from the consciousness of modern Russians. For example, about “how the criminal Red regime tore apart innocent Cossack scouts near the city of Verny, present-day Alma-Ata.” About the forced repatriation of the Cossacks in Lienz - the surrender of the Cossacks by the allies to Stalin’s emissaries: “Let the heroic death of the unconquered Cossacks on eternal times reminds future generations of the atrocities of communism and the betrayal of the occupation authorities in Austria. The Lienz genocide is the grief and pain of millions of people. We cannot allow them to martyrdom was forgotten!
The Russian Falcon Society in San Francisco annually holds a meeting of “Falcon brothers and sisters.” The meeting program included “a prayer service for those still alive, a litany for the deceased,” an exchange of views at a “table carefully set by our sisters,” reports from the board and resolution of current affairs.
Otherwise, the Russian Center in San Francisco is similar to a classic House of Culture with clubs for children, which are found in all cities of Russia. Children are taught dancing and singing here, and festivals are held in winter and autumn. Choreography classes are classic; nothing changes here either because of revolutions or because of emigration.
Travel notes, day 8
Made it to San Francisco, my favorite city in the USA! San Francisco, or rather Silicon Valley, is a place where people from all over the world go to change this world. There is a lot of money and a lot of opportunities here. In the following posts I will tell you more about how they get here and how our guys live here.
San Francisco is criticized for its weather. The climate here is peculiar. It can be 10 degrees and windy in the morning strong wind, and by lunchtime the sun and +30. The weather changes very quickly, so even in summer it’s better not to go for long walks without a hat and jacket.
And everything here is expensive. This is one of the most expensive cities in the USA. Expensive housing, expensive food and restaurants. Many people come here, spend all their money and leave. Some people succeed and stay. But we will look at all this in more detail in the following posts.
01. On the way we get into a traffic jam due to road repairs... Question for the experts... Do you think if we had such a traffic jam, how many assholes would try to drive around it on the side of the road? 
02. Despite the wide asphalt roadside, not a single driver drove onto it in the States. For 20 minutes everyone stood calmly and moved slowly. Without nerves, clouds of dust and chaos. This is just one example of how people treat each other and what country they live in. Why can they in soulless America, but we can’t? Why don't we respect ourselves or others? 
03. In the morning I go to the Mission District, my favorite area of San Francisco. It was named after the Catholic mission that appeared here even before the creation of the city itself. The area is divided into two parts: prosperous and relatively disadvantaged. In the prosperous part, prices for housing and office rent are high. Like me, this happened because “shift” buses of cool companies from Silicon Valley pass through the area. 
04. Kitty 
05. We knew how to make cars before. I wonder if in 50 years our grandchildren will also collect modern cars and admire their design? 
06. Uncomfortable, but incredibly beautiful housing. 
07. Life is in full swing! 
08. It’s cold in the morning... Only 15 degrees and a strong wind, the sky is overcast. Homeless people wake up at a tram stop. In the troubled part of the Mission District there are homeless people with mental disorders who appeared on the streets after the US authorities abandoned mental hospitals. 
09. Here the homeless have settled well) They even got a table somewhere. No one is chasing homeless people away. 
10. Outdoor bedroom. 
11. Man in literally sleeps in a box. 
12. Who said that there is no garbage in San Francisco?) There is! In general, American cities are dirtier than ours. 
13. I really love San Francisco for public transport. I already wrote about it... There are metro, trolleybuses, and buses. 
14. The trolleybus system in San Francisco is very old (opened in 1935), large (second largest in the Western Hemisphere after Mexico City) and respected. 
15. One of its main features is that, due to the local terrain, trolleybuses often climb very steep slopes. 
16. Public transport in San Francisco is briefly called "Muni" (short for "municipal"). Once upon a time, this was used to designate only the tram and light metro systems, but then the word passed to all public transport. 
17. When you want to make a beautiful painting on a car, but your hands are crooked. 
18. I got acquainted with local street art, I will make a separate post about it. 
19. The pillar got fat from the posters 
20. View of downtown San Francisco from Mission Dolores Park 
21. A good playground was also built here. At the entrance there is a sign with the names of donors. 
22. Learn how to do things from the Americans! 
23. Different areas for children of different ages to play 
24. Where are my 10 years and such a slide!!! 
25.
26.
27.
28. Barrier-free environment 
29. Vacuum cleaner. 
30.
31. Beautiful. 
32. The best car chases are filmed in San Francisco) Remember cars jumping on roller coasters? It's all here! 
33. Housing is very expensive in San Francisco. A one-story, three-bedroom home in Daly City would cost $4,000 a month to rent. 
34. In general, finding a two-bedroom home for less than $3,000 is almost impossible. 
35. Ocean 
36. You can’t swim here without a suit, even in summer. 
37.
38. But you can ride a board. 
39. And sunbathe on the beaches. 
40. People and dogs. 
41.
42. Spent the afternoon talking with wonderful people in Silicon Valley. From here there will be many stories about startups and people who earn millions of dollars without oil, gas and privatization. By the way, there is simply an excellent Russian-speaking community here) 
43. Russian brains flow here. 
44. Sergey is a geologist, he came here to work for a company that does something secret for oil production. Sergei has organic milk in his hands. You can sell a glass bottle of it for $2. Yes, people here sell bottles) 
In a restaurant, the waiter persistently hints at a tip) A very modest dinner for four with a tip will cost $265. 
I'm flying to Seattle tomorrow! 
Earlier in the trip:
Zabegalin A. “Russian life” // Russian media abroad: materials from the “Days of Russian-language foreign media at the A. Solzhenitsyn House of Russian Abroad / compiled by T.F. Prikhodko; editor-in-chief L.P. Gromova, T.F. . Prikhodko. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Higher School of Journalism and Mass Communications, 2015. - P. 14-20.
Zatsepina O.S., Ruchkin A.B. Russians in the USA. Public organizations of Russian emigration in the XX - XXI centuries. - New York, 2011 - 290 p.
From the contents: Russian periodicals in the USA. “New Russian Word”, “Russian Life”, “New Journal”, “Word/Word”. – pp. 202-218.
List of editors of "Russian Life" with photographs // Russian Life. - San Francisco, 1981. - August 22. (No. 9656). - P. 8.
Shugailo T.S. Emigrant newspaper in the USA "Russian Life" and its socio-political positions (1920-1970s) // News of the Eastern Institute. – Vladivostok, 2013. - No. 1(21). – P. 43-50. URL http://ifl.wl.dvfu.ru/images/Izvestia/Izvestia_2013-1(21).pdf (12/24/2013)
Directories:
Bardeeva, No. 1571
Mikheeva-2001, No. 259
Index-1953, No. 1182
History of the newspaper, selected articles
Newspaper website Russian life"(the project was approved and supported by members of the board of the newspaper: P. Yakubovsky-Lerche, L. Tern, N. Khidchenko and V. Belyaev), has not been updated since 2014. In the archived issues for September 2013-September 2014; archived numbers: 1924, No. 1; 1930, No. 14, No. 17 (p. 3-4);
URL: http://russianlife.mrcsf.org/news/ (9.03.2016)
GPIB Electronic Library. Collection of newspapers from Russian abroad
1953
No. 2863 (May 7), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-1
No. 2864 (May 9), fragment (pp. 1-2, 5-6), IPC 17111-2
No. 28 (the second part of the issue is not readable) (June 10), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-3
No. 2887 (June 12), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-4
No. 2888 (Jun 13), IPC 17111-5
No. 2892 (June 19), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-6
No. 2894 (June 23), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-7
1957
No. 3845 (Apr 28), IPC 17111-4172
1960
No. 4751 (Dec 29), IPC 15644-20
1961
No. 4952 (Oct 21), IPC 15644-21
No. 4955 (Oct 26), IPC 15644-44
1963
No. 5327 (May 1), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-8
No. 5329 (May 3), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-9
No. 5330 (May 4), fragment (p. 1-4), IPC 17111-10
No. 5332 (May 8) – No. 5334 (May 10), IPC 17111-11 – IPC 17111-13-a
No. 5336 (May 14), IPC 17111-13-b
No. 5337 (May 15), IPC 17111-14
1969
No. 6821 (July 1) – No. 6823 (July 3), fragments (p. 3-4), IPC 15644-48 – IPC 15644-22
No. 6819 (July 27), fragment (p. 3-4), IPC 15644-46 [a]
No. 6820 (July 28), fragment (p. 3-4), IPC 15644-47 [b]
1973
No. 7834 (Oct 26) – No. 7849 (November 16), IPC 17111-15 – IPC 17111-30; MPK 17111-31
No. 7851 (Nov 20) – No. 7873 (Dec 21), IPC 17111-32 – IPC 17111-54
1974
No. 7917 (February 27), fragment (p. 3-4), IPC 15644-23
No. 7930 (March 19), fragment (p. 3-4), IPC 15644-50
No. 7954 (Apr 23), fragment (p. 1-2, 5-6), IPC 15644-24
1975
No. 8158 (March 11) – No. 8176 (Apr 4), fragments (p. 3-4), IPC 15644-25 – IPC 15644-26
No. 8241 (July 31), fragment (p. 4-5), IPC 17111-4175
No. 8242 (Aug 1), fragment (p. 4-5), IPC 17111-4176
1976
No. 8408 (Apr 9) – No. 8418 – 8419 (Apr 23 - 24), IPC 17111-55 – IPC 17111-65
No. 8422 (Apr 30), IPC 17111-66
No. 8425 (May 5) – No. 8451 (June 11), IPC 17111-82 – IPC 17111-91 [in]
No. 8453 (June 15), IPC 17111-92
No. 8454 (June 16), IPC 17111-93
No. 8456 (June 18) – No. 8492 (Aug 31), IPC 17111-94 – IPC 17111-132 [g]
No. 8494 (Sept. 2) – No. 8534 (Nov. 3), IPC 17111-133 – IPC 17111-173 [d]
No. 8536 (November 4) – No. 8575 (Dec 31), IPC 17111-174 – IPC 17111-213
1977
No. 8576 (Jan 4) – No. 8637 (Apr 5), IPC 17111-214 – IPC 17111-276
No. 8639 (Apr 7) – No. 8657 (May 4), IPC 17111-277 – IPC 17111-294
No. 8660 (May 7) – No. 8751 (Oct 8), IPC 15644-11; IPC 17111-295 – IPC 15644-62; MPK 17111-387 [e]
No. 8753 (Oct 12) – No. 8789 (Dec 3), IPC 15644-63; MPK 17111-388 – MPK 15644-99
No. 8800 (Dec. 20) – No. 8808 (Dec. 31), IPC 15644-100 – IPC 15644-108
1978
No. 8809 (Jan 4) – No. 8837 (Feb 14), IPC 15644-109; MPK 17111-443 – MPK 17111-471 [w]
No. 8839 (February 16) – No. 8941 (Aug 5), IPC 17111-473 – IPC 15644-197; MPK 17111-573 [z]
No. 8944 (Aug 8) – No. 9016 (November 22), IPC 15644-198; MPK 17111-574 – MPK 17111-648
No. 9018 (Nov 25) – No. 9042 (Dec 30), IPC 17111-649 – IPC 17111-673
1979
No. 9043 (Jan 3) – No. 9140 (May 26), IPC 17111-674 – IPC 17111-773
No. 9142 (May 30) – No. 9160 (June 23), IPC 17111-774 – IPC 17111-792
No. 9170 (July 31) – No. 9251 (November 28), IPC 17111-793 – IPC 15644-234; MPK 17111-875
No. 9253 (Nov. 29), IPC 15644-235; IPC 17111-876 – No. 9274 (Dec 29), IPC 17111-897
1980
No. 9275 (Jan 2) – No. 9278 (Jan 10), IPC 17111-898 – IPC 17111-902
No. 9281 (Jan 12), IPC 17111-903
No. 9283 (Jan 16) – No. 9286 (Jan 19), IPC 17111-904 – IPC 17111-907
No. 9288 (Jan 22) – No. 9297 (Feb 2), IPC 17111-908 – IPC 17111-917
No. 9299 (Feb. 6) – No. 9340 (Apr. 4), IPC 17111-918 – IPC 17111-959
No. 9342 (Apr 8) – No. 9485 (Nov 25), IPC 17111-961 – IPC 15644-343; IPC 17111-1105 [and]
No. 9487 (November 28) – No. 9509 (December 31), IPC 15644-344; IPC 17111-1106 – IPC 15644-362; MPK 17111-1128
1981
No. 9510 (Jan 2) – No. 9684 (Oct 1), IPC 15644-363; MPK 17111-1129 – MPK 15644-523
No. 9701 (Oct 27) – No. 9708 (November 5), IPC 15644-524 – IPC 15644-531
No. 9711 (Nov 10), IPC 15644-532
No. 9713 (November 13) – No. 9716 (November 18), IPC 15644-533 – IPC 15644-536
No. 9718 (Nov 20), IPC 15644-537
No. 9719 (Nov 21), IPC 15644-538
No. 9722 (Nov. 27) – No. 9740 (Dec. 23), IPC 15644-539 – IPC 15644-557
No. 9746 (24 Dec), IPC 15644-558 [th]
No. 9747 (Dec 26), IPC 15644-559 [k]
No. 9741 (29 Dec), MPK 15644-560 [l]
No. 9743 (Dec 31), IPC 15644-561 [m]
1982
No. 9744 (Jan 2) – No. 9977 (Dec 31), IPC 15644-562; MPK 17111-1364 –
IPC 15644-774; MPK 17111-1595
1983
No. 9978 (Jan 4) – No. 10204 (Dec 31), IPC 15644-7; MPK 17111-1596 – MPK 17111-1823
(number unknown), (Oct 8), MPK 16151-7754
1984
No. 10205 (Jan 4) – No. 10434 (Dec 29), IPC 15644-8; IPC 17111-1824 – IPC 15644-8; MPK 17111-2054
1985
No. 10435 (Jan 1), IPC 15644-9; MPK 17111-2055
No. 10436 (Jan 2), IPC 15644-9; MPK 17111-2056
No. 10436 (Jan 4), IPC 15644-9; MPK 17111-2057 [n]
No. 10439 (Jan 5) – No. 10613 (Sept. 5), IPC 15644-9; IPC 17111-2058 – IPC 15644-9; MPK 17111-2232
No. 10616 (Sept. 8) – No. 10703 (Dec. 31), IPC 15644-9 – IPC 15644-9; MPK 17111-2318
1986
No. 10704 (Jan 2) – No. 10897 (Nov 11), IPC 15644-10; MPK 17111-2319 –MPK 15644-10; MPK 17111-2511
No. 10900 (Nov. 19) – No. 10928 (Dec. 31), IPC 15644-10; MPK 17111-2512 – MPK 15644-10
1987
No. 10929 (Jan 2) – No. 11155 (Dec 31), IPC 15644-11 – IPC 15644-11; MPK 17111-2587
1988
No. 11156 (Jan 2) – No. 11385 (Dec 31), 15644-12; IPC 17111-2588 – 15644-12; MPK 17111-2756
1989
No. 11386 (Jan 4) – No. 11615 (Dec 30), IPC 15644-13; IPC 17111-2757 – IPC 15644-13; MPK 17111-2972
1990
No. 11616 (Jan 3) – No. 11842 (Dec 29), IPC 15644-14; IPC 17111-2973 – IPC 15644-14; MPK 17111-3199
1991
No. 11843 (Jan 2) – No. 12068 (Dec 31), IPC 15644-15; MPK 17111-3200 – MPK 15644-15; MPK 17111-3421
1992
No. 12069 (Jan 2) – No. 12297 (Dec 31), IPC 15644-16; IPC 17111-3422 – IPC 15644-16; MPK 17111-3640
1993
No. 12298 (Jan 2) – No. 12586 (Dec 31), IPC 15644-17; IPC 17111-3641 – IPC 17111-3868 “a”; MPK 17111-3868 "b"
1994
No. 12587 (Jan 1) – No. 12734 (Aug 26), IPC 15644-18 – IPC 15644-18;
No. 12736 (Aug 30) – No. 12804 (Dec 8), IPC 15644-18 – IPC 15644-18; MPK 17111-3969
No. 12807 (Dec. 13) – No. 12817 (Dec. 28), IPC 15644-18; MPK 17111-3970 – MPK 17111-3980
No. 12819 (Dec. 30), IPC 15644-18; MPK 17111-3981
No. 12820 (Dec. 31), IPC 15644-18; MPK 17111-3982
1995
No. 12821 (Jan 4) – No. 13031 (Dec 19), IPC 15644-19; IPC 17111-3983 – IPC 15644-19; MPK 17111-4171
NOTES
a) the number sequence is incorrect;
b) the number sequence is incorrect;
c) No. 8425 (May 5), IPC 17111-82; No. 8430 (May 12) – No. 8432 (May 14), IPC 17111-83 – IPC 17111-85; No. 8444 (June 2), IPC 17111-103; No. 8446 (June 4), MPK 17111-104 – fragments, available only p. 3 – 4; No. 8426 (May 6) – No. 8429 (May 11), MPK 17111-67 – MPK 17111-70 – fragments, available only p. 1 – 2, 5 – 6;
d) No. 8488 (Aug 25), IPC 17111-128 – fragment, only available p. 12;
No. 8489 (Aug 26), MPK 17111-129 – fragment, only available p. 1 – 2, 5 – 6;
No. 8490 (Aug 27), IPC 17111-130; No. 8491 (Aug 28), MPK 17111-131 – fragment, only available p. 1 – 2, 3 – 4;
e) No. 8494 (September 2), MPK 17111-133 – fragment, only available p. 1 – 2, 3 – 4;
f) No. 8718 (Aug 20), IPC 15644-31; No. 8736 (September 16) – No. 8742 (September 24), MPK 15644-46 – MPK 15644-52 – fragment, only available p. 1 – 2, 5 – 6; No. 8722 (Aug 26), MPK 15644-34 – fragment, available only p. 3 – 4;
g) No. 8809 (Jan 4), IPC 17111-443; No. 8811 (Jan 6) – No. 8837 (Feb 14), MPK 17111-445 – MPK 17111-471 – fragment, only available p. 1 – 2, 5 – 6;
h) No. 8839 (February 16) – No. 8845 (February 25), MPK 17111-473 – MPK 17111-479 – fragment, available only p. 1 – 2, 5 – 6; No. 8866 (March 28) – No. 8890 (May 3), MPK 17111-500 – MPK 17111-524 – fragment, available only p. 1 – 2, 5 – 6;
i) No. 9431 (6 September), MPK 15644-304 – fragment, available only p. 1 – 10;
j) the number sequence is incorrect;
j) the number sequence is incorrect;
k) the number sequence is incorrect;
l) the number sequence is incorrect;
m) the number sequence is incorrect.
GARF. State Archive of the Russian Federation, science Library. Moscow (11/14/2014)
1922: No. 44 (Dec 15)
1923: No. 7 (Feb. 16)
1985: No. 10500 (March 23)
2008: No. 13991 (Nov. 15)
GPIB. State Public Historical Library, Moscow (11/29/2014)
DRZ. House of Russian Abroad named after. A. Solzhenitsyn, Moscow. (07/08/2018)
1946 v. 26 No. 237 (12.12);
1949 v. 29 No. 13 (20.01);
1953 № 2897 (26.06);
1954 № 3129 (02.06);
1962 № 5025 (07.02);
1966 № 6046(08.04);
1971 № 7398 (11.12);
1972 No. 7483 (April 18), 7549 (08/11), 7550 (08/12), 7641 (December 23);
1973 No. 7672 (February 10);
1974 No. 7690 (May 1);
1975 No. 8239 (July 29), No. special. number;
1976 № 8360; 8363; 8381, 8382 , 8427 (07.05), 8466;
1978 No. 8918 (06/13) - 8935 (07/07), 8937 (August 1), 8945 (August 9), 8947, 8957; 8962, 8966, 8971, 8973, 8976, 8980; 8985, 8999; 9022, 9027, 9034, 9041;
1979 № 9062, 9075, 9078, 9080, 9081, 9082, 9085, 9086, 9088, 9090, 9091, 9094, 9095, 910; 9104; 9130 – 9137, 9139, 9140, 9142, 943; 9159, 9164;
1980 No. 9310 (Feb. 22), 9493 (December 6);
1981 No. 9627, 9629 – 9630; 9633 – 9636, 9656(Aug 22)
1982 № 9840-9847, 9851-9866, 9867-9873, 9874-9894, 9895-9915, 9916-9929, 9959-9967, 9969, 9971-9977;
1983 No. 9978-9995, 9666 (Feb. 2), 9997-10034, 10036-10045, 10053-10055, 10092-10095, 10097, 10099-10204 (01-31.12)
1984 № 10205-10209, 10211-10242;
1985 No. 10476-10477, 10530 (April 30);
1986 № 10754, 10756, 10792, 10794-10803;
1987 № 11024, 11026, 11029, 11030, 11031, 11035, 11036, 11040, 11042, 11106-11109, 11123-11131, 11133, 11134, 11136-11148;
1988 No. 11157 (05.01), 11158 (06.01), 11161 (12.01), 11162 (13.01), 14 Jan (p. 3-6), 11164, 11169 (23.01), 11191 (25 Feb.), 11192 (26 Feb. .), 11194-11201 (March 1-10), 11203-11216 (March 12-31), 11217-11218 (April 1-2), 11220 (April 6), 11222 (April 8), 11225 ( April 14), 11241-11244 (May 6-11), 11246-11252 (May 13-21), 11254-11256 (May 25-27), 11258-11265 (June 1-10), 11281-11294 (2 -Aug. 19), 11299 (Aug. 26), 11301-11302 (Aug. 30-31), 11303-11323 (Sept. 1-30), 11324-11327 (Oct. 1-6), 11329-11336 ( 8-20 Oct.), 11338-11343 (22-29 Oct.), 11344-11346 (1-3 Nov.), 11348 (5 Nov.), 11349 (8 Nov.), 11351-11363 (10-30 Nov.), 11364-11384 (Dec. 1-30);
1989 No. 11386-11410 (Jan. 4-Feb. 8), 11412 (Feb. 10), 11414-11537 (Feb. 14-Sept. 8), 11539-11547 (Sept. 12-22), 11549-11595 ( 09.26-01.12), 11597-11611 (05.12.-23.12.), 11613 (28 Dec.);
1990 № 11618-11621; 11632- 11647, 11652-11681; 11683-11687, 11700-11728; 11732-11753; 11756-11759
1991 № 11909-11922 (10.04-27.04), 11996-11997; 12001; 12009, 12048
1993 № 12536
1994 № 12594, 12653 (09.04); 12706, 12710-12736, 12738-12784; 12786
1995 № 12853, 12855-12860; 12864
1996 No. 13049 (30.01), 13059 (22.02)-13070 (19.03), 13084 (23.04)-13092 (11.05), b. n. (14.05), 13093 (16.05)-13182 (31.12);
1997 № 13183 (02.01)-13324 (30.12);
1998 № 13325 (01.01)-13411 (20.08), 13412-13438; 13440-13468
1999 № 13469 -13490; 13495, 13498, 13501, 13504-13568;
2000 № 13569 (01.01)-13593 (17.06), 13595 (01.07)-13603 (23.09), 13606 (14.10)-13617 (30.12);
2001 № 13618--13623; 13625-13664;
2002 № 13665(05.01)-13711(28.12)
2003 № 13712-13759
2004 № 13760-13776, 13778-13788, 13790-13806
2005 № 13807-13833, 13835-13839
2006 № 13875, 13876, 13880-13901;
2007 № 13902-13949
2008 № 13950-13997
2009 № 13998-14045
2010 № 14046- 14092
2011 № 14093, 14094, 14096, 14097, 14100,14103, 14105 – 14108, 14110 – 14140
2012 № 14162 (02.06)
2013 № 14214, 14224-14225, 14229
2014 № 14244- 14258, 14260, 14266, 14273, 14275-14283
2015 № 14285-14297, 14299-14309
2017 № 14405, 14409
RFK (Russian Foundation culture, Moscow)
1956, №3722, 3751
1957, №3780, 3782
1961, №4995
1969, №6899, 6900
1974, №8018
1979, №9108
M.R.C.. Museum of Russian culture, San Francisco, USA (Museum of Russian Culture, San Francisco, USA). Museum periodical collection in the UC Berkeley Library catalog (microfilm).
1922: Aug 19(v.1:27)-Sept 29, Oct 13-Nov 10, 24-Dec 15, 29; 1923: Jan 5-June 29, July 13-Aug 3, 17-Nov 16, 30-Dec 28; 1924: Jan 4-June 27, July 11-Dec 26; 1940: Jan 5-1941: Dec 30; 1942-1943; 1945: Dec 1-7, 11-20, 25, 28-29; 1946: Jan 2-9, 11-Feb 2, 6-12, 14-26, 28-Mar 8, 13-30, Apr 2-May 8, 10-June 21, 25-July 10, Nov 2-5, 7-Dec 11, 13, 19-28; 1947: Jan 3-11, 15, 18, 22, 24-30; 1951: Mar 17-Dec 29; 1952-1953; 1954: Jan 1-Sept 15, 17-Dec 31; 1955-1974; 1975: July 1-Nov 19, 21-Dec 31; 1976; 1977: July 1-Dec 31; 1978-1979; 1980: Jan 2-10, 12-Dec 31; 1981-1984; 1985: Jan 1-2, 4-Aug 31; 1986-2015
NKCR. National Library of the Czech Republic, Prague.
URL: https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000051272&local_base=SLK (03/14/2018)
1923-1933
Printing
The role of periodicals among Russian Americans was enormous. We can assume that without her, her unifying force, the Russian diaspora in America might not have happened. The largest number of periodicals in Russian were published in San Francisco: over the entire period of the existence of Russians in this city, 88 titles of newspapers, magazines and other periodicals were discovered.
The first large group of Russians to come to the United States, the vast majority did not know English. In April 1937, Russian News wrote: “It’s better to be outside of political life and learn news from friends.” those who know the language, - it was unpleasant... In a word, demand appeared... Well, as you know, demand causes supply. Enterprising people immediately appeared and began to base political information and public opinion in the emigration.”
The foundation of the Russian press in San Francisco was laid by the weekly “Russian Newspaper”, which was published since 1921 by the military engineer and Esperantist F. A. Postnikov. In January 1906, he emigrated from Vladivostok to the USA, where he continued his education at the University of California and was engaged in journalistic and social activities. The editorial board included young people who came mainly from China - M. M. Roth, I. Ya. Elovsky, E. Grot and others. Concerning this publication, contemporaries noted: “There was no need to talk about any direction of the newspaper, not there was not only direction, but also sufficient funds.” Most likely, the latter circumstance was the reason that the newspaper soon closed.
The next attempt was more successful. The creators of the weekly “Russian Life” were G. G. Grigoriev (editor), P. A. Mordus, N. Kochergin, N. Abramov, E. Shlykov and I. Gaido, who bought a printing house and a hand press at their own expense. In one of the first issues the editors wrote: “While maintaining its non-partisan direction, the newspaper will continue to stand for Soviet Russia, for proper development organs of democracy, for the power of the working masses as the most reliable form of power in the world’s first republic, with the greatest rights of the working Russian people.” After former employee US railway mission in Manchuria F. Clark contributed $800, the volume of the newspaper increased, a two-page section began to be published on English language, the number of advertisements has increased.
Not only public figures, but also ordinary members of the Russian diaspora in America understood the importance of periodicals. The pages of the newspaper regularly published rave reviews about its existence. “Its actual significance,” noted N. Tsurikov, “and even more so its ideological and political purpose are very great. We often do not feel and do not appreciate the importance of publishing Russian foreign magazines and newspapers, just as we do not feel our health (while we have it). But let’s imagine for a moment that all Russian publications are being discontinued. What would be the effect? In essence, this would mean that the Russian emigration has gone numb.”
Later, P.P. Balakshin, having bought the newspaper “Russian Life” from F. Clark, renamed it “Russian News-Life”. “In the Russian colony of many thousands of San Francisco and the cities adjacent to the bay,” wrote new owner in the first editorial, - the need for some practical and economic means of notification has long been felt. The Russian industrialist, entrepreneur, trader, public figure, pastor, agent, lecturer, actor and singer needs such a means of notification.” Petr Petrovich attracted many famous Russian journalists in California to participate in the newspaper. Experienced journalist Nadezhda Lavrova published a series of articles “What They Talk About”: about Russian education in America, the Art Club, the Society of Russian Doctors, the Wardroom and other Russian public organizations in San Francisco. Interesting materials of an analytical and historical nature were published by the poetess Elena Grot in the “We” series. One of the best Russian journalists in San Francisco was Tamara Bazhenova, who regularly published original interviews and historical essays. P.P. Balakshin wanted to make the newspaper more literary and profitable, and from November 19, 1937, “Russian News-Life” began to be published in an enlarged format. He announced that the best Russian literary emigration forces would take part in it: M. Osorgin, M. Aldanov, N. Teffi, I. Bunin, A. Nesmelov, M. Shcherbakov and others.
Publishing a Russian newspaper was very difficult. Balakshin wrote: “It is easier to get an editor with good newspaper experience than a good page manager. The staff of Shchedrin’s times still hang like a dead weight on the Russian printed organ, dragging it down with their ossification. A certain petty nature of our everyday life also drags the newspaper down with its clamped interest in the department of minor incidents, “in homelands and christenings.” Some circles of our public look at the Russian press in best case scenario as their own patrimony, at worst - as a conveniently located public restroom... A small minority of real workers in the newspaper work like draft horses, beyond measure and strength... In other words, despite the outwardly favorable conditions, not everything is favorable with the Russian press. Unfair reproaches and demands are sometimes made against the Russian press and its editor. There is also the nasty manner of provincial people to “bring him into the open” for a small offense, to demand a public trial, etc.”
Balakshin regularly addressed Russian immigrants through the newspaper with a request to report on the activities of societies and unions, about their life in America. Unfortunately, these calls went unheeded. One of the significant shortcomings of the newspaper was that it published mainly news from Russian San Francisco, occasionally from Los Angeles, but there was almost nothing about other regions. The reason for this was the disunity of the Russian diaspora in America at that time. Balakshin himself began to publish his large historical story"City of Angels".
The newspaper did not escape financial problems either. “Putting the social, national and personal interests of Russians at the basis of the newspaper,” noted one article, “the editors, nevertheless, cannot help but take steps to strengthen the material side, and therefore make a humble request to everyone who appreciates the advantage of having in the San -Francisco OWN NEWSPAPER, support it as OWN, morally and financially.” At the same time, P.P. Balakshin and his newspaper participated in organizing charity events in the city. “Russian News,” he wrote, “invites the Russian public in San Francisco to come to the aid of Russian Shanghai. For this purpose, we are opening a fundraiser, which will be transferred to the Joint Committee of the R.N.O. or a specially created committee. “Russian News” will undertake, free of charge, advertising for the organization of all possible evenings, concerts, and gatherings organized in favor of Russian Shanghai.”
One of the differences between P.P. Balakshin and other Russian editors and publishers was that he was not afraid to publish opinions that he himself did not share, while trying not to enter into controversy. The importance of this principle was especially evident in the early days of the war between Germany and Russia. At this time, Russian society in San Francisco was divided into two parts. Many emigration figures still well remembered the bitterness of Russia's defeat in the First World War and with all their hearts wished victory for the Russian people and defeat for Germany. The other, irreconcilable part of the Russian diaspora supported the Germans, hoping after the fall Soviet power return to your homeland. According to Balakshin’s plan, the press was supposed to unite the emigration, but this did not happen, including for the reason financial difficulties which led the publisher to the idea of selling the newspaper. This happened at the end of 1941. Summing up the results of his activities, Balakshin wrote: “In this case, the newspaper “Russian News-Life” from the very first issue under my editorship, which has set itself the goal of providing the widest possible service to the Russian public, is counting on this support. The newspaper always went towards the Russian public life. Being an inseparable part of him, she warmly responded to all her needs, gave her pages to support one or another fruitful idea.
Always kept an even, decent course. Has always been favorable towards various organizations and individual members of our colony."
On December 20, 1941, the newspaper came under the jurisdiction of the Russian Center and became a daily newspaper (editor - Professor G. K. Ginet). The name was again changed to “Russian Life”. The chairman of the center, A. N. Vagin, proclaimed the publication “an impartial public body that supports good Russian name and every honest and useful Russian undertaking, both public and private. At the same time, the newspaper aims to strengthen Americanism among the Russian masses, support the principles of the US Constitution and complete unconditional support of the American government.”
Another long-lasting publication published in San Francisco was the New Dawn newspaper, published by G. T. Sukhov, who came to California from China in the 1930s. The newspaper was published for 47 years. Despite the obvious violation of copyright - in the early years, Sukhov reprinted essays by famous emigrant writers in his newspaper without their knowledge - his publishing activity was highly praised by a number of famous figures Russian diaspora, including P.P. Balakshin. “New Dawn” and “Russian Life” were considered competitors and constantly published critical articles against each other.
The newspaper “Our Time” was published in San Francisco by N. P. Nechkin (pseudonym Nicolay Devil). He is known as the founder and editor-publisher of the Molva newspaper, published in Harbin, and as an employee of some Soviet publications, which gave reason to suspect him as an agent of Soviet influence.
Despite big number Of the newspapers and magazines published in San Francisco, only a few were consistently delivered to subscribers. Although activists of Russian communities made great efforts, publications of the Russian diaspora were mostly short-lived: after the publication of several issues, they were closed. At the same time, thanks to the connections that existed between Russian communities, periodicals were exchanged, which made it possible to satisfy the information hunger. Thus, San Francisco constantly sent its newspapers and magazines to Russian Los Angeles and other American cities. Basically, such a subscription was carried out public organizations and parishes.
At the editorial offices of Russian newspapers or magazines, the first printing houses of the Russian diaspora were opened, which took orders for publishing work. This list is headed by the publishing house “Columbus Land”, opened by P. P. Balakshin at the newspaper “Russian News-Life” (1930s). Public organizations also carried out publishing activities. The literature was published by the Museum of Russian Culture in San Francisco. The Veterans Society regularly printed small brochures Great War. On March 1, 1937, the Naval Publishing House opened at the Naval Officers' Ward in San Francisco, which published books not only by American authors, but also by European ones. Among other public formations that produced their own literature, the Russian Monarchical Association should be noted. The Mother of God of Vladimir convent was actively involved in the printing of religious and theological literature. Since 1953, they have published annually tear-off calendars, on back side which contained texts of prayers, quotes from theological works, historical information, etc. This work was led by nun Ksenia. Then it was decided to expand publishing work and open the “Luch” printing house, which was headed by the nun Marianna.
It was cheaper to print books in Harbin or Shanghai than in the United States, despite significant transportation costs. But with the outbreak of the Pacific War, this practice had to be stopped. However, after the end of World War II, when the Russian population increased due to those who came from Europe and China, Russian publishing activity expanded significantly.
Repeated attempts to create a large Russian publishing house on the Pacific coast of North America ended in failure, but several enterprises created by Russian immigrants not only coped with orders, but also own initiative published works of Russian writers. The largest publishing house was Globus, which published literature about the “eastern” branch of emigration, as well as about the participation of Russians in Vlasov’s army. It was founded by V.N. Azar after emigrating to the United States in 1949. In addition to the publishing house, he opened a bookstore in San Francisco. In total, Azar published more than 70 books (by P. Balakshin, A. Vertinsky, E. Krasnousov, O. Morozova, E. Rachinskaya, etc.).
Another large publishing house in California was owned by M. N. Ivanitsky, who worked as a shipbuilder during World War II. To buy a printing house and open the Delo publishing house, he used his own savings. Ivanitsky published books in Russian, periodicals, newsletters, programs, catalogs, etc. His customers were mainly Russian writers from Europe. The publishing house “Russkoe Delo” by D. Ya. Shishkin published short-circulation literature, the author of which was probably the publisher himself. In terms of the number of titles published, San Francisco ranks first: for every five titles published in this city, there is only one in Los Angeles. Unfortunately, it is difficult to take into account literature in Russian, which was printed in small quantities in American printing houses.
There was also a Russian book trade in San Francisco. The Russian Book store was opened by Vladimir Anichkov, who founded the literary society “Toilers of the Pen” under him. Having moved from Harbin to San Francisco, Marina Sergeevna Kingston (Krapovitskaya) opened the Rus bookstore here. The Znanie bookstore was also popular among Russians.
From the book Russian Plus... author Anninsky Lev Aleksandrovich From book Winged words author Maksimov Sergey Vasilievich From the book 100 banned books: the censorship history of world literature. Book 2 by Souva Don B From the book Articles for 10 years about youth, family and psychology author Medvedeva Irina Yakovlevna From the book Maya. Life, religion, culture by Whitlock Ralph From the book Marata Street and surroundings author Sherikh Dmitry Yurievich From the book Russian with a dictionary author Levontina Irina BorisovnaBUSINESS - TOBACCO Among the tobacco factories of old St. Petersburg, the enterprise of Alexander Nikolaevich Bogdanov was one of the largest. At the end of the 19th century, 2.5 thousand people worked here: this figure alone allows us to estimate the scale! Bogdanov and his successors owned a large
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When slaves come to power
They are much worse than the gentlemen.
Igor Guberman
The fact that the honest, intelligent and courageous journalist Yulia Latynina (http://www.novayagazeta.ru/economy/61907.html) shares the misconception about America with stupid, evil and illiterate colleagues is, alas, offensive to see. She is not alone in this misconception.
As an American (San Francisco) tour guide who worked with rich, famous and many later murdered tourists from Russia, I heard Latynina’s thesis from them over and over again: “At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia and America were quite comparable - they were two young, countries rich in nature and people with a rapidly developing economy and a good scientific and technological background. But by the beginning of the 21st century, we paid for communism and the Gulag - with total, shameful, incomparable backwardness.”
On the same topic, the picturesque (is he really still alive?) Igor Kolomoisky, standing on Union Square in San Francisco, spoke out: “America is such a young country, and how has it passed us by!”
Smart, famous and educated Russian tourists constantly said this, not wanting to understand that comparing and equating Russia with Great Britain, Russia with America is stupidity.
Ivan the Terrible, in this delusion, even wooed Queen Elizabeth of England in 1562, and having been refused (she was surprised that married man is wooing), in the surviving message he called her a “vulgar wench.” Mutual understanding between Russia and England, Russia and America, from matchmaking to insults, is still at the same level.
What does England have to do with it and what does Elizabeth have to do with it?
Yes, despite the fact that America was born, built and developed as a PART of Elizabethan ENGLAND. The first (vanished) ENGLISH COLONY of Roanoke was created in 1585 at the initiative of Elizabeth, with her money and under her protection, and the first child born there was named Virginia in honor of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen.
The first surviving American ENGLISH colony, Jamestown, Virginia, was founded in 1607. On the 400th anniversary of its discovery, Queen Elizabeth II of England came to the United States. Where is the young country?
At the time of legal economic reasons, the separation of the American colonies from England (they did not want to pay taxes without representation) in 1776 - the population of the English colonies in America was 2.5 million people, a third of the population of England itself. The country was very populated and developed for those times.
The biblical commandment “Be fruitful and multiply” was perceived as a religious duty and, despite the high mortality rate of the colonists at the beginning, the population grew incredibly quickly, but not due to, as is commonly believed, emigration. The family in the American colonies often consisted of a husband and three wives in succession (the first two usually died in childbirth). Benjamin Franklin had 24 children in his family.
But the main thing is that this America had an absolutely unique mentality and morality of the population. This is something that Russians who are fighting against the phantom of America, which exists only in their and the Russian press’s sick imagination, do not know or understand at all. They are fighting a phantom that has nothing to do with the real country of the USA.
Coronation portrait of Elizabeth I
To understand America, you need to see the moment of the coronation in 1558, when young Elizabeth ascended the throne and the eyes of all England were directed at which Bible she was holding in her hands: the Catholic Bible in Latin or the Protestant Bible in English. Her Bible was Protestant.
To understand America, you need to understand the monstrous religious wars - the continuous St. Bartholomew's Night between Catholics and Protestants, which tormented Europe. Catholic Church fought to the death with the reformation, which abolished the institution of the church and allowed a person to independently communicate with God and be responsible to God through the Bible. A Catholic priest interpreting the Latin Bible was no longer needed. The man who translated the Bible into English, William Tyndale, was strangled and burned at the stake as a heretic, and possession of the English Bible was punishable by death.
But the era of Elizabeth and the printing press arrived, and every family could read the Bible in English. Fans gathered around the Bible who wanted to build a New Jerusalem, a New Israel, and create a righteous society that would live according to the biblical commandments. They dreamed of religious freedom. And here a New Earth appears - America. And the first colonists did not go there for the sake of gold, but for the sake of a righteous life according to the Bible. Read “Scarlet Letter” by N. Hawthorn.
Russians point to America to justify their banditry, claiming that America was created by bandits, the Wild West of the Gold Rush. Delirium from ignorance of American history, from watching Hollywood Westerns. The Wild West (the Pacific West of America, as opposed to the Atlantic East Coast with its Puritan states) will happen a couple of centuries later, already during the development of California. The bandits will indeed come for the gold, but only after 200 years, mainly from Europe.
America began with Puritan morality, with daily reading of the Bible in the morning and at night and on Sundays in church.
This is the main reason why comparing America and Russia is pointless, and even doubly so. Leskov once said that Christianity was not preached in Russia. It is difficult to preach Christianity to the illiterate. Christianity is the Bible, and a Christian who does not read, but only listens to an often semi-literate priest, is very superficial. This is a Mexican criminal who goes to rob the road, crossing himself with the icon of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
In England, at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, 30% of men were literate, and with the spread of Protestantism, direct reading of the Bible (previously sharply limited to Latin) became a religious duty. Literacy became a religious duty.
More than 300 years later, in 1898, in Russia only 10% of those recruited into the army were literate. As a person who taught not in an elite mathematics school, but in a working-class school in the Nevsky district of Leningrad, I can say that in 1974, half of the seventh-graders there could not read.
Almost all of them were literate people, devoted to the point of fanaticism to the Bible, who went to explore America. We're talking about the 1600s. This was not a country in the usual sense. All of America was the book club around the Bible, where people learned morals every day. Cities were built around Protestant (there were others) religious communities, where people checked their behavior, each other's behavior and their decisions according to the Bible. This was a country where everyone quoted the Bible and where it was on the nightstand in every hotel room, and where every president and candidate began and ended his speech with a quotation from the Bible. Knowledge of the Bible was a prerequisite for hiring for the position.
This very Bible says, “Righteous nations will rise.” Emigrants from the Union who arrived in the 70-80s still managed to see the biblical righteous America, where houses were never locked, where people left the ignition keys expensive cars and went shopping in America, where everyone was taken at their word and did not require documents.
Paradise is not a country rich in nature, not a climate. This is the behavior of the people who surround you. Honest, biblically verified behavior of people has created a unique atmosphere in America for business development. Multi-thousand dollar transactions between strangers, the speed of turnover of money, which no one hid in a mattress, but invested immediately and with trust, created enormous wealth unattainable in societies where lies and theft lead to poverty.
If anywhere you can compare Russia and America, it is the slave-owning South, described in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a book castrated and monstrously changed in the Soviet translation. In the original, the book is all about Christianity and faith, and the main characters at the end leave to preach Christianity in Africa, which is not the case in the Soviet version.
Remember how Miss Ophelia, Saint Clair's cousin, comes from Boston to look after his dying daughter. She is an example of classical Protestant morality, where work is a virtue, idleness is a sin, and idle hands are the cause of all disasters. She is the personification of the Protestant principle “Be honest to your work.”
Harriet Beecher Stowe
And next to them are lazy, spoiled slaves and their spoiled, lazy masters. To black slaves, Ophelia is “not a real lady.” SHE WORKS. They learn from each other how to dodge work, shirk, how to steal unnoticed, how to use the property for themselves. Well, just Soviet people.
That's why the behavior of today's dark-skinned people is so familiar - former slaves in America - to Soviet emigrants, that we lived under the rule of slaves, and that we ourselves were slaves.
The outbursts of hatred on the part of slaves are understandable, because, as Ayn Rand said, “dependence breeds hatred.” So they gather in crowds to spew out self-hatred on someone: black people - on the police, on whites and on the rich; Russian slaves - on Ukrainians, Georgians, Jews, and on the rich, of course.
What always gives slaves away, both black and white, is their attitude towards other people's property. See images of blacks looting and destroying stores and liquor stores in Baltimore. An absolute repetition of the robbery of liquor stores by a crowd in Petrograd in 1917-18 (pictures at the Hoover Institution). Hatred of other people's property and its owners. Take away and plunder.
This is another difference from the mentality of Russian slaves that did not have centuries of upbringing with property. Even Russian nobles received property from the hands and by the grace of the sovereign, but this could be taken away, and was taken away instantly.
The tiny time of “underdeveloped capitalism” (Lenin) in Russia taught very few people to the right and sense of property, and property rights in Russia were not particularly guaranteed. And about Soviet years and there is nothing to say: the man with the second cow was guilty and was subjected to extermination with his family for being kulaks, and under Khrushchev they tried to take away the first cow.
Probably, nothing shows more clearly the people’s complete lack of not only the idea and understanding of property (don’t forget that the right to property is the only guarantee of freedom) than the absolutely slavish and completely accepted by almost everyone idea of man as public property, which led to the creation of the Soviet empire state slavery.
Remember the Soviet decrees on the socialization of women, which were adopted quite seriously in the districts shortly after the revolution. We are talking about the 20th century. In California in the 19th century married women after marriage they had the right to maintain their separate property, which protected them from their husbands - gamblers and drunkards. The status of women incredibly distinguishes Anglo-American Protestant civilization from the semi-Asian status of women in Russia. The attitude towards women there and their terrible attitude towards themselves is somewhere in the middle between European and Palestinian-Arab.
Centuries ago, Russian slavery was clearly visible to people who observed Russia from the West. The Marquis de Custine with his acidic description of Russian morals is well known. But Sir Phillip Sydney, the most brilliant courtier of Elizabeth, who died valiantly in the Protestant battle against Spain in 1587, who wrote sonnets before Shakespeare and much better than Shakespeare, used the word Muscovite (resident of Muscovy) as a synonym for the word “slave” in love lyrics "
“… that step on the ladder of lost freedom
Is vanished, and like a Muscovite born to love slavery,
I call undergoing tyranny something worthy of praise:
“And, as a resident of Muscovy, born to love slavery, the tyranny to which I am subjected, I praise”...
Sir Phillip Sydney
“Like slave-born Muscovite” - “like a resident of Muscovy born as a slave” - and this is in the love sonnets from the cycle “Astrophil and Stella”. The poet, who wanted to tell his beloved “I am your slave!”, said “I am your Muscovite!” Russian slavery, alas, was known to Western diplomats and educated people already in the 16th century.
It is painful and ridiculous to compare America and Russia with regard to citizens' rights and legal proceedings. America inherited from England all the rights recorded in the Magna Carta of 1215: “No Freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or be disseized of his Freehold, or Liberties, or free Customs, or be outlawed, or exiled, or any other wise destroyed; nor will We not pass upon him, nor condemn him, but by lawful judgment of his Peers, or by the Law of the land.” (“No free man shall be arrested, deprived of his property and liberty, outlawed, exiled or otherwise exterminated... or condemned, except by the lawful judgment of his peers under the Law of the Land.”) Miscarriages of justice have been and are being made, but the English and American laws that have existed since the Magna Carta of 1215 are not implemented in practice in Russia today.
What else makes no sense to compare Russia and even the already decaying America today - the level of honesty and corruption. There are international indices of the level of corruption. There is a comparable country: Mexico is almost as (slightly less) corrupt and criminal as Russia. Just like in Russia, the police there are corrupt and monstrously criminal, of which many American motorist travelers become victims. In Moscow, my traveling American teenage son and French nephew became victims of police robbery.
In Mexico, too, mass illiteracy and superficial, purely ritual Catholic Christianity reigned for a long time, with parishioners who did not understand what the priest was talking about, and purely external, almost pagan, ritual without connection with morality. One of the reasons sharp deterioration The quality of life in America is that it is overrun by, as the mayor of California's first capital, Monterey, said in 1846, "the lawless Mexican." Along with those who work honestly, there are millions of illegal criminals.
It is interesting that about 15 years ago, Reader’s Digest magazine, in published tests on the honesty of the population, still found a general level of honesty in Russia and America. It was about the city of Atlanta, Georgia, where mostly black people lived. Unlike Seattle, Washington, a predominantly white city, where the honesty rate was 98%, in Atlanta it was 40%, like in Russia.
Slaves who have seized power cannot create anything but slavery. They can only turn all their subjects into slaves and, pretending to be masters, rob them and mediocrely destroy them by the millions. Not ennobled by the Judeo-Christian dogma with its prohibitions on lying and murder, with an undeveloped embryo of morality that turned into a miscarriage, the slaves who seized power, like any pagans, very quickly slipped into idolatry and its extreme form - human sacrifice. What happened in Russia in the 20th century is a classic example.
In a Russian fairy tale, there was an image - a POSSESSIVE IDOL. The word “filthy” is of Latin origin: pagan - pagan, unchrist. Pagans always first create an idol - a filthy idol, and then begin to make human sacrifices to it. Mandelstam’s image of Stalin is precisely a filthy and bloody Idol:
Cockroaches laughing eyes
And his boots shine...
No matter what his punishment is, it’s a raspberry.
And a broad Ossetian chest.
Maddened by the fear of being thrown into the sacrificial fire of idol worship, people grab and throw others, those who are nearby. Four million denunciations written by Soviet people against their friends, colleagues, relatives, processes of condemnation, purges, where the victim was destroyed first morally (which meant later physically) by those who sat with her at the same table yesterday, were the groom’s friend at the wedding, stood at the graves of a child - only from animal horror, the desire to delay his extrajudicial and senseless death. In a spasm of survival, people pushed others ahead of them to their deaths. How not to go crazy with fear when in Leningrad after the assassination of Kirov in 1934, on some days 4 thousand people were shot.
It was when I smiled
Only dead, glad for the peace.
And dangled like an unnecessary pendant
Leningrad is near its prisons.
A. Akhmatova
In Irkutsk and other regions, the limit on executing four thousand people a month for no reason was lowered, and local authorities, wanting to please, asked to increase the limit.
The Malenkovs, Kaganovichs, Mikoyans, and Zhdanovs signed decrees with Stalin to shoot crowds of innocents. At the throne of the Idol, deceitful and cowardly servants with pagan contempt for human life squabbled for the favor of the satrap.
Mandelstam, having written the above lines, died in the camp, not living to see the more terrible time of the war, when the ghouls who seized power had to bear real responsibility. In a military situation, their deceitful, cowardly slave nature and contempt for human life were multiplied by illiteracy, incompetence, suspicion, dooming tens of millions of people who trusted this power to monstrous death, widowhood, orphanhood, and disability.
Joseph Stalin. Drawing by Vladimir Mochalov
When Latynina writes that Zhukov lied to Stalin, I would like to recall Zhukov’s famous order: “Don’t spare people, women are still giving birth!”
Another half-man, the owner of Leningrad Zhdanov, lied to Stalin, wanting to curry favor and trample his rival Mikoyan. Mikoyan tried to turn around and send trains with food to Leningrad that were going to Germany before the start of the war, Zhdanov, in defiance of him, sent a telegram to Stalin that there was enough food in Leningrad for three years. The city had food for three days.
It was forbidden to talk about the horrors of the blockade, where mothers fed frozen meat from one dead child to another, still alive (from 3 million 100 thousand people during the blockade, 600 thousand remained) even many years after the war. Stalin, through the hands of Hitler, killed the population of the rebellious city hostile to him, and condoned this destruction (correspondence with Zhdanov).
The leader did not need evidence of the tragedy of the blockade, the courage of the blockade survivors and the complete absence of Stalin’s merits. The Siege Museum was destroyed. The director was arrested. Many exhibits of the museum, which were an indictment not only of Hitler, but also of Stalin (in the second winter of the siege, he first banned evacuation from the city) were destroyed.
The guides were allowed to talk only about heroism. As a young girl-tour guide, I carried the instructions to the excursionists on the bus: “And the muses were not silent in besieged Leningrad! The elderly driver looked at me reproachfully: “Girl, what are you talking about! What muses? At the market, human jelly cost 400 rubles.” And at Zhdanov’s in Smolny, the pastry chef baked cakes.
Even after the war, Stalin continued to destroy Leningrad, where the best in Russia was still gathered intellectually, morally and creatively, just as Ivan the Terrible destroyed free Novgorod. Fearing the spark of freedom and self-government that appeared in Leningrad during the military isolation and blockade from him, he, on the denunciation of Abakumov, shot Kuznetsov, who had done a lot to save the city, and with him almost the entire Leningrad party organization, sending his relatives to Siberia. (Remember Magna Carta?)
Power in a huge country over millions of people was seized by a non-human who behaved according to the saying of the ancient Romans: “The most the worst people- freedmen."
The fact that the slave is deceitful and criminal by nature was well known to the residents of the American South who dealt with slaves. The problem is that the descendants of slaves in Russia are not much different in behavior from the American descendants of slaves. The nobility, priesthood and tiny intelligentsia raised in the pre-revolutionary period were almost destroyed after the revolution in the decades of the Red Terror.
What Beecher Stowe did not say in Uncle Tom's Cabin, which beautifully describes the slaves' penchant for lying, stealing and laziness, is the complete absence of the Christian "Thou shalt not kill" in their minds and their complete contempt for the value of human life. Murders in areas inhabited by blacks (the cities of Detroit, Oakland) are off the scale according to statistics and monstrous records: the murder of the oldest person in the world, the most frequent number of calls to 911 (police - ambulance), the most a large number of murders per day, per week, per year. It's been dying there for a long time more people than in car accidents and military operations.
Latynina is right about one thing. Russia needs to constantly look at America and carefully observe what is happening in it for one simple reason. Here, by the will of providence, a virtually unparalleled social experiment took place. The behavior of American slaves is a model of the behavior of the social group that seized power in Russia almost a hundred years ago, and now these slaves, with the help of stupid liberals who train them, arm them with propaganda and incite them (as was the case in Russia), gradually seize power through blackmail and extortion in USA. By carefully studying the behavior of these slaves (regardless of their skin color) in America, one can make a diagnosis of the Russian tragedy and begin to work on a recipe for treatment.
Alas! In fact, it is the Americans who must continually compare Russia and America, continuously look at Russia and learn from it, understanding what awaits them. Because, having allowed lying, cunning slaves to power, they have already begun to slurp with a spoon full Soviet life. Already trains, like in the Union, are derailing, and theft has already appeared at the state level. People in the USA receive places in universities and city and judicial positions based on the color of their skin (affirmative action), just as in the Union they accepted “children of workers and peasants” into institutions and positions were given based on social origin. Court decisions are already accepted on IDEOLOGICAL grounds. Selected by skin color, in a fit of idolatry, the president puts pressure on the judges, explaining that the black criminal could be his son. And the head of American justice orders the release of blacks convicted of minor crimes (remember how, after the revolution in Russia, criminals were released from prison as “socially close”7)
Already the quality of service is below par, because the population does not strive, as in the American meritocracy, for perfection, but works somehow, focusing on the lowest common denominator. Equality, understood as the right to get everything without doing anything - something that new government promises and, having robbed a minority that is already working, as in California and some other states, gives freebies to its electorate, leads society to slow down and stop the economic engine. When a neighbor, without working, receives from the state a better life than a working one, the latter loses interest in work, slows down, or stops working altogether. Economic gangrene begins. In the Union they called it stagnation.
What about human sacrifices? While our president is only playing golf, the severed heads of his subjects are flying left and right. For now, he only throws into the fire of destruction and betrays millions of allies into the hands of enemies. While the deceitful and cunning half-people around him only blackmail, steal, extort and get rich greatly from racial hatred. But Americans need to think seriously about the Soviet experience. With slaves in power, there is always a chance that human jelly will appear in the markets.
Tatiana MENAKER
