Which works of Russian classics depict the conflict between representatives of different generations, and in what ways can these works be compared with Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons”? Collection of ideal social studies essays

Many works of Russian classics touch on the problem of relationships between generations, for example, the novel “Fathers and Sons” by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev and the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov.

Turgenev in his work depicted the conflict of the elder conservative generation and a free-thinking young man. The main persons participating in it are Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The first, without hiding his disgust for conservatism, which goes against his nihilistic views, allows himself harsh statements and even provokes Pavel Petrovich to a duel. Katerina from Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm", at first glance, does not look like Evgeny, because she does not have the openness and swagger inherent in Bazarov. She is caught in the shackles of Kabanikha, who keeps the whole house in fear. However, both of them have serious convictions that subsequently betrayed: Katerina is very religious, but betrays her faith by throwing herself off a cliff because of inaccessible love; Bazarov, being a nihilist, is not religious, but also betrays his beliefs, allowing himself to fall in love with Odintsova: “know that I love you stupidly, madly...” That’s how it would seem different characters connection can be traced.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov created such a free-thinking and advanced character for his time as Alexander Andreevich Chatsky.

Having arrived from developed Europe to Moscow, he found himself surrounded by people who, in his opinion, looked and behaved out of date. Trying to correct and challenge this, Chatsky received resistance, was ridiculed and left Moscow: “Get out of Moscow! I don’t go here anymore.” Ostrovsky's heroine Katerina was not opposed to Kabanikha's conservatism, but just like Chatsky, who dreamed of transforming Famus society, she was not understood. Varvara laughed at her daydreaming: "...You're kind of tricky, God be with you!.." - and Kabanikha, personifying the old generation, constantly cursed and ridiculed her actions: "... A hypocrite, sir! She gives to the poor, and completely ate the family..."

The clash of generations was relevant for Russian literature of the nineteenth century. These works widely reveal this conflict to the reader and allow us to compare the presented works with Ostrovsky’s “The Thunderstorm”.

In texts for preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, problems related to education are often encountered. We combined them in this work, selecting literary arguments to everyone problematic issue. All these examples from books can be downloaded in table format (link at the end of the article).

The problem of childhood and its role in the development of a person’s personality is clearly depicted in the novel. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Reading about the childhood of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, we begin to understand why this hero adult life behaves exactly like this. In their native Oblomovka, everyone did nothing but eat and lie; everything on their native estate breathed serene laziness. Mother protected little Ilyusha, he grew up like delicate flower. So Ilya Oblomov grew up as an idle person, completely unadapted to life, who could not even dress himself.
The importance of childhood in the development of a person’s personality is shown in “Dead Souls” N.V. Gogol. Throughout the entire work, the reader gradually recognizes Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. And a kind of completion of the disclosure of the image becomes the description of children's and teenage years hero. The father teaches the boy to save a penny and please his bosses. Young Pavel listens to his father and puts his orders into practice. Chichikov, deprived of many benefits in childhood, strives by all means to make up for lost time and get everything from life. It is in the character's childhood that we find the roots of his adventurous nature.

The problem of fathers and children

A textbook example of revealing the problem of intergenerational relationships can be the novel I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov represent the camp of “children”; in contrast to them are the Kirsanov brothers (Nikolai and Pavel), who represent the camp of “fathers”. Bazarov carries within himself the new moods of youth, nihilism. And old people, especially Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, do not understand the ideas of denial. The main problem is that the heroes do not want to understand each other. And this is the main conflict of generations: the inability and unwillingness to accept and hear each other.
The theme of relationships between generations in the drama is tragically revealed A.N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm". The boar has long subjugated everyone in her house to her will; she doesn’t even realize that her children are suffering. Daughter Varvara long ago learned to lie and be a hypocrite; she adapted to life in Kabanikha’s house. Tikhon wants to escape from the house where his mother is in charge. There is no understanding or respect between mother and children. They are in different opposing camps, only the struggle of the “children” does not come to the surface. Varvara's rebellion in her double life: she says one thing to her mother, thinks and does another. After Katerina’s suicide, Tikhon decides to say his word, and until that moment he will strive to get out of the house that is suffocating him. The conflict between “fathers” and “children” leads to suffering on both sides.

Family problem

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in his novel “The Golovlev Gentlemen” clearly showed how the specifics of upbringing within a family are reflected in future life already grown-up children. Arina Petrovna Golovleva is a mother, she divides children into hateful ones and favorites, gives them nicknames that eventually supplant their names. The children live from hand to mouth, although the estate is quite rich. None of Arina Petrovna’s children grew up in such conditions into a decent person: Stepan, the eldest son, squandered his fortune and returned to Golovlevo at the age of forty, daughter Anna ran away with a hussar, who soon disappeared, leaving the girl with two children, Pavel drinks, Porfiry (Judas) grows up to be a cruel, petty person. No one became happy because there was no happiness and love since childhood.
French writer Francois Mauriac in the story "The Monkey" shows how cruelly relationships within a family can affect a child’s life and worldview. The heroine hates her husband, she transfers this feeling to the child because of her unfulfilled hopes. Little Guillou, whom his mother calls “Monkey,” grows up in an atmosphere of constant scandals, hysterics, and cruelty. He understands that he is disturbing his mother, he is not needed here. And the child commits suicide. In the family of the aristocratic family of de Sernay, they did not care about the boy, he was an “apple of discord”, the cause of conflicts, and that is why the ending of the story is so tragic.

Correct and incorrect education

L.N. Tolstoy in his epic novel "War and Peace" draws several families. The Rostov family can be considered one of the exemplary ones. Rostov's mother instills in her children a sense of goodness and justice. They grow up decent people, ready for heroic deeds and self-sacrifice. In the Kuragin family, completely different values were invested in raising their offspring, which is why both Helen and Anatole are immoral inhabitants high society. So, Helene marries Pierre only for his money. Thus, the kind of people they grow up to depend on what values are invested in raising children.
In the novel “The Captain's Daughter” A.S. Pushkin the father bequeaths his son Pyotr Grinev to take care of his honor from a young age. These words become a guide for Peter. He checks every step he takes according to this main testament of his father. That is why he gives a hare sheepskin coat to a stranger, does not kneel before Pugachev, remaining true to himself to the end, for which the rebel respects Grinev, leaving him alive. Thus, thanks to proper upbringing, the hero was able to remain a highly moral and decent person during the time of a terrible peasant revolt.

The problem of parents' responsibility for the fate of their children

DI. Fonvizin in the comedy "The Minor" showed how parents themselves raise stupid, ignorant, spoiled children on their estates. Mitrofanushka is used to the fact that everything in this life revolves around him: the best caftan, the teachers chosen so as not to tire the child, and the bride whatever you want. Mrs. Prostakova understands the mistake of her upbringing only at the end of the work, when her dear Mitrofanushka tells her: “Let go, mother, how you imposed yourself...”.
A.S. Griboyedov in the play "Woe from Wit" Using the example of Molchalin, he shows how the covenants of parents are reflected in a person’s character. The father taught Molchalin to look for profit everywhere, and the son, having learned the advice of his parent, enters life as a pragmatic, cunning person. He silently endures Famusov's neglect, plays at love with his daughter Sophia, and all this for the sake of one goal - career advancement. The author demonstrates that such people appear for a reason; their nature is formed in childhood under the strict guidance of their parents.

Which works of Russian classics, touching on the problems of relationships between generations, are close to A. N. Ostrovsky’s play and in what ways?

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2. ACT 1

Phenomenon 5

Kabanova, Kabanov, Katerina and Varvara

Kabanova.

If you want to listen to your mother, then when you get there, do as I ordered you.

Kabanov.

How can I, Mama, disobey you! Kabanova. Elders are not very respected these days.

Varvara

Kabanova. I would believe you, my friend, if I hadn’t seen with my own eyes and heard with my own ears what kind of respect children show to their parents now! If only they remembered how many illnesses mothers suffer from their children.

Kabanov. I, mummy...

Kabanova. If a parent ever says something offensive, out of your pride, then, I think, it could be rescheduled! A! How do you think?

Kabanov. But when, Mama, could I not stand being away from you?

Kabanova. The mother is old and stupid; Well, you, young people, smart ones, shouldn’t exact it from us fools.

Kabanov (sighing, to the side). Oh, my God! (Mother.)

Dare we, Mama, to think!

Kabanova.

After all, out of love your parents are strict with you, out of love they scold you, everyone thinks to teach you good. Well, I don’t like it now. And the children will go around praising people that their mother is a grumbler, that their mother does not allow them to pass, that they are squeezing them out of the world. And, God forbid, you can’t please your daughter-in-law with some word, so the conversation started that the mother-in-law was completely fed up.

Kabanov. No, mama, who is talking about you? Kabanova.

I haven’t heard, my friend, I haven’t heard, I don’t want to lie. If only I had heard, I would have spoken to you, my dear, in a different way.

(Sighs.)

Oh, a grave sin! What a long time to sin! A conversation close to your heart will go well, and you will sin and get angry. No, my friend, say what you want about me. You can’t order anyone to speak; If they don’t dare to show you, they will stand behind your back.

Kabanov.

Let your tongue dry.

Kabanova. Come on, come on, don't be afraid! Sin! I’ve seen for a long time that your wife is dearer to you than your mother. Since I got married, I don’t see the same love from you. Kabanov.

How do you see this, Mama?

How can I, Mama, disobey you! Kabanova. Kabanova.

Yes in everything, my friend! What a mother doesn’t see with her eyes, she has a prophetic heart; she can feel with her heart. Or maybe your wife is taking you away from me, I don’t know.

Kabanov.

No, mama! what are you saying, have mercy!

Katerina.

In the drama N.A. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" house-building is gradually being destroyed by the reluctance of the "children" to submit to the tyranny of the older generation. Varvara snaps at her mother, Tikhon timidly contradicts. The main character Katerina does not fit into the rules " dark kingdom" Despite Kabanova’s politeness and outward submission, Katerina does not want and cannot live as is customary in Kalinov: with lies, deception, submitting to the undivided power of tyrants. This is precisely what caused Katerina’s protest.

The topic of fathers and children was raised by I.S. Turgenev in the novel “Fathers and Sons”. Considering himself a liberal aristocrat, Pavel Petrovich is proud of his “principles”, but this pride is empty, because his “principles” are just words. He is completely unadapted to new living conditions, which are a direct threat to his calm existence. He treats with disdain ordinary people, an angry protest evokes everything new and democratic in him. The Kirsanovs do not want to accept the fact that their lives are gradually becoming a thing of the past, and they are being replaced by Bazarov, personifying a new generation with his own views.

In Sholokhov's novel " Quiet Don“The Melekhov house rests on the primacy of its elders. Panteley Prokofich is a hardworking owner, he can be quick-tempered, but at heart he is kind and sensitive. Despite the intra-family split, Panteley Prokofich tries to unite the pieces of the old way of life into one whole - at least for the sake of his grandchildren and children. To save the family, he forbids Grigory to see Aksinya. However, the son, although he does not openly protest to his father, does not listen to him, and decides to do as he wants.

Thus, the problem of “fathers and sons” is traditional for Russian classical literature, and sometimes goes beyond everyday boundaries, becoming a social conflict.

The problem of relationships between generations is considered one of the eternal issues of morality. Time accelerates, but people cannot keep up with it. Social institutions, codes, norms preserve the traditions of the past. The trends today, not to mention the future, turn into a storm in the musty crypt of the past.

In this article we will try to highlight not only the relationship between generations, but also the elaboration of this issue in the works of Russian writers.

The essence and origins of the problem

Today, in our fast-paced world, in the conditions of total intergenerational relationships, it becomes noticeably acute. It seems that children move away from their parents not by one, but by several steps at once.

The peculiarity of the struggle between the new and the old is that the former does not always emerge victorious. Adults have more leverage, confidence in their unshakable rightness, and the need to be an authority and leader for the child.

Next, we will look at this problem from the point of view of psychological scientists, and also find out how writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw it. The material will be especially interesting for schoolchildren who are preparing for exams. Often one of the topics is the following: “Problems of relationships between generations.” You can easily write an essay on this task after reading this article.

Today, the emphasis has shifted from the experience of older generations to the achievements of peers. The child receives almost all knowledge from his parents in an “outdated” form. These days, the lifespan of an innovation sometimes varies within a few days or hours.

In adolescence, boys and girls are forced to go through a kind of initiation stage. They need to learn to control their emotions, become reasonable and wise. This is called "growing up." The difficulty is that with the acceleration of the pace of life, parents themselves have often not yet fully formed into a holistic, mature personality. Or their image is only suitable for the heroes of a nineteenth-century novel.

The problem is that often parents cannot even tell their offspring what to do correctly in a given situation. After all, they never spent their youth in the conditions of the present time. What was previously considered revolutionary, today young people attribute to the Stone Age.

Let's look at the issue of disagreements between parents and children. How do psychologists and writers see it?

What psychologists say

If the task concerns the problem of relationships between generations, the essay can begin with the opinion of experts on this topic.

Now we will talk about some studies conducted by scientists to study the psychology of the adult generation. They believe that the main problem lies in the inability of elders to understand their inadequacy in matters of education.

It turns out that complacency and confidence in the past life experience is the standard by which the “correctness” of a child should be measured, serves as the foundation for discord. It turns out that adults speak one language, and children speak a completely different one.

Moreover, from the point of view of psychologists, the problem of intergenerational relationships often comes from the parents. The most common complaint from children is: “They don’t want to hear me.”

Experiments were conducted to confirm this hypothesis. We will provide a description and results of one of them.

The school asked tenth grade students to rate themselves on a five-point scale. It was necessary to measure personal traits, such as kindness, sociability, initiative and others. The second task was to determine how their parents would evaluate these same qualities. Older generation asked to rate their children and then predict their self-esteem.

As a result, it turned out that children understand exactly what their parents think about them, and fathers and mothers, in turn, know absolutely nothing about their offspring.
Other studies have proven, in addition to this point, a number of difficulties in relationships between children and adults. Thus, it was found that the child is more frank with his mother than with his father. The second unpleasant point is that many things that interest a teenager are not usually discussed in our society.

Themes of feelings, openness, and sexuality create an insurmountable barrier between generations in the family. This turn of events leads to formal communication and routinization of relationships.

Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons"

According to many critics, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully illuminated in the novel “Fathers and Sons.” In principle, the greatest attention is paid to it here, but you will soon see that there are other works that touch on this issue.

Ivan Sergeevich in his novel shows not just the confrontation between father and son in a single family. This depicts the problem of relationships between generations, since Kirsanov and Bazarov are not relatives.

The first is young, nihilist, democrat and revolutionary. Pavel Petrovich is shown to be a monarchist and an aristocrat to the core. The clash of their worldviews forms the basis of the plot.

We see that Evgeny Bazarov is inclined to deny everything, putting science above all other values. The image of the landscape of Switzerland, for example, is interesting to him only from a geological point of view. He is pragmatic, trying to prove the advantage of new views. However, in the end, Evgeniy dies with the thought that Russia did not accept him.

Bazarov's antagonist is Kirsanov. He loves to talk about the “Russian idea”, the simplicity of peasant life. But in reality, all his words turn out to be an illusion. He is inclined to only talk about it, but by his actions he shows the opposite.

Like many other writers of the nineteenth century, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev finds himself on the side younger generation. Through the prism of the novel, he shows the agony of the old worldview and birth in agony new philosophy society.

Tolstoy, "War and Peace"

Next, we will consider the problem of relationships between generations in the novel “War and Peace”. Here Tolstoy, being a keen expert on human souls and motives of behavior, shows three different families. They have different social status, values and traditions. Using the example of the Bolkonskys, Kuragins and Rostovs, we see almost the entire palette of Russian townspeople of the nineteenth century.

However, the novel shows not only the relationships between different generations, but also the tensions between different layers of society. Bolkonsky, for example, raises children as part of serving the Fatherland. He places honor and benefit for other people above all else. This is how Andrei and Maria grow up. However old prince He often went too far in his upbringing, which he laments on his deathbed.

Kuragins are shown as the complete opposite of Bolkonsky. These are careerists who put social position above all else. Their example illustrates the cold attitude of parents towards children. The lack of sensuality and trust becomes natural for Helen and Anatole.

In fact, Tolstoy shows with the help of empty people who are interested exclusively in material values and external splendor.

The Rostovs are the complete opposite. The parents are shown here fully supporting Nikolai and Natasha. Children can always turn to them for help when they need it. This family is completely different from the aristocratic Bolkonskys and the careerists Kuragins.

Thus, in the first two works we mentioned, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully revealed. It would be best to write an essay (Unified State Exam) based on these novels.

Paustovsky, “Telegram”

When discussing the problem of relationships between generations, arguments from real life will be the best. The story will touch the most painful strings human soul. It highlights the situation when children forget their parents.

This is the second extreme to which a family can go. Often the reason is not so much as harmful moments of social influence.

Sometimes unprepared for aggression real world teenagers find themselves in a whirlpool of other people's goals. They live by other people's ideals and lose themselves. If parents have failed since childhood to accustom their child to the fact that he will be accepted at home in any condition, then the young man will distance himself.

Thus, we are faced with a multifaceted problem of intergenerational relationships. Arguments in favor of proper education and others can be made, but it is better to show the terrible consequences of the deepening abyss.

It is precisely such examples that we see in the works of many writers. In Telegram, in particular, the daughter was late. When the girl came to her senses and came to visit her mother in the village, she found only a grave mound and a simple tombstone.

Paustovsky shows that pride, hidden anger and other barriers that prevent warm relations between relatives always lead to the tragedy of the “offended”. That's why the best way solutions to the problem of relationships between generations will be forgiveness and sincere desire understand your interlocutor.

Gogol, Taras Bulba

The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature also arises quite acutely in Gogol’s work. He addresses the unexpected and terrible side of the realization of this moment.

The story illustrates the father's murder of his child for the sake of his own sense of honor and pride. Taras Bulba could not forgive and survive the betrayal of ideals on the part of Andrei. He takes revenge on him for the fact that the young man did not grow up to be the person he was raised to be.

On the other hand, he punishes the Poles for death youngest son- Ostap.

Thus, in this work we see the bitter truth of reality. Fathers rarely strive to understand their children. They just want to realize their concept of an “ideal life” in them.

That is why it is eternal problem relationships between generations. You will find the arguments of Russian writers in favor of the impossibility of solving it in our article. Next we will look at different areas this question.

But after reading most of the works and studies, the impression remains that along with age, the ideals of house-building awaken at the genetic level in people.

"Eldest Son" - play and film

We are currently discussing the problem of relationships between generations (the Unified State Exam often includes it in the list of tasks). Let's look at Vampilov's comedy "The Eldest Son". It was written in the late sixties of the twentieth century.

The significance of the work is that several generations are intertwined here. We see relationships between three: fathers, adults and younger children.

The essence of the comedy lies in an innocent joke that develops into a significant stage in the life of an entire family. Two friends (Busygin and Silva) stay late in a strange city and are late for transport. They are looking for a place to stay for the night.

In the city they meet Sarafanov's family. Silva tells their new acquaintance that Busygin is his son. The man takes the message at face value because he “had a sin of his youth.”

The essence of the work is that Busygin has to become a link between his father and children, who do not value their parent at all.

We see the already quite mature “youngest” Vasenka, who burns Natalya’s house out of jealousy. Nina, Busygin's sworn sister, wants to run away with her fiance Far East, but her new brother holds her back.

Obeying an impulse of feelings, the deceiver confesses everything. Everything in the story ends well. But the main emphasis is still set. The situation is created in a comic form for easy perception and a comfortable introduction of the “family friend” into the comedy.

It is through the prism of an outsider’s view of the family that the problem of intergenerational relationships is revealed. Vampilov’s work is fundamentally different from similar works of the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is here that we see the picture that exists in our time.

The traditions of home building have actually become obsolete, but the gentleness and thoughtless love of many parents plays a cruel joke on them when their children grow up.

Griboedov and Fonvizin

The problem of relationships between generations in “Woe from Wit” is revealed through the example of Famusov and Chatsky. Let's take a closer look at these symbolic images.

The old generation is characterized by worship of rank, wealth and position in society. It is afraid, does not understand and hates new trends. Famusov was stuck in the petty-bourgeois worldview of the last century. His only desire is to find a son-in-law for his daughter with ranks and stars on his chest.

Chatsky is the complete opposite of Pavel Afanasyevich. He not only verbally denounces the Domostroevsky foundations of the past, but with all his behavior he shows the depravity of the old and the power of the new worldview.

Molchalin is Chatsky’s peer, but contrasts with him in thoughts, goals and behavior. He is pragmatic, two-faced and hypocritical. Above all for him is a warm and financial place. That is why the young man pleases Famusov in everything, is quiet and modest with Sophia.

Chatsky has drama in his personal life. The girl he loves calls him crazy and pushes him away, preferring a “servant with rank.” But, despite this, the outcome of the comedy is shown openly to readers. It is the “carbonaris” and rebels who will replace the traditional servility and mossy behavior of the old nobles.

“Nedorosl” also highlights the problem of intergenerational relationships. The essay is a stunning decoding of the saying: “The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.” Here we see a separate aspect of the relationship between parents and children. Education, which is not intended to help the child find himself in life and realize himself, but to reflect the mother’s outdated picture of the world.

So, in the comedy “The Minor” we see the result that Mrs. Prostakova received. She did her best to protect the child from the “hateful” world and a corrupt society. Teachers were hired for him only because Peter the Great “bequeathed it so.” And Mitrofanushka’s teachers were not distinguished by their learning.

The comedy is written in the vein of classicism, so all the names in it speak. Teachers Tsifirkin, Kuteikin, Vralman. Son Mitrofan, which in Greek means “resembling a mother,” and Prostakova herself.

We see the disappointing results of blindly following dead dogmas without the slightest attempt to comprehend them.

Starodum, Pravdin and some other characters oppose the old traditions. They reflect the desire of the new society to see a soul in a person, and not an empty gilded shell.

As a result of the conflict, we get a completely merciless, greedy and stupid “undergrowth.” “I don’t want to study, but I want to get married,” this is the most accurate reflection of his essence.

Coverage of the problem in the works of Pushkin

One of the eternal moral issues- This is a problem of intergenerational relationships. Arguments from life modern society rarely fully correspond literary images. The closest situation is mentioned in "The Eldest Son", which we talked about earlier.

The works of the classics of the nineteenth century are often useful to young people only in a global sense. The general ethical and moral themes raised in them will be relevant for centuries to come.

Problems of relationships between generations are highlighted many times in Pushkin’s works. Examples include the following: “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Station Warden”, “Boris Godunov”, “ Stingy Knight" and some others.

Alexander Sergeevich, most likely, did not set himself the goal of reflecting precisely this conflict, like Tolstoy and Turgenev. The clash of generations has been part of everyday life since the days of primitive people. It’s just that over time the gap between parents and children becomes wider. This is influenced by progress, changing social values, globalization and many other factors.

In particular, in " Stationmaster“The situation is similar to the one that Paustovsky subsequently illuminated (we talked about this above). Here Samson's daughter Vyrina escapes from her father's house with a hussar. She finds herself in city society and becomes a rich and respectable lady.

When her father finds her, he doesn't recognize her and doesn't want to accept her. new image daughters. Samson returns to the station, where he becomes an alcoholic and dies. Here the conflict is formed due to different meanings, which the heroes put into the concept of “happiness”.

IN " The captain's daughter“We see a completely different picture. Here Pyotr Grinev firmly remembered the traditional teachings of his father. Following these rules helped him save face and honor in difficult situations.

The old baron in The Miserly Knight loses his own son because he is committed to the old bourgeois principles. He does not want to change his ossified worldview, feudal views. In this essay we see too great a gap between father and son. As a result, the final severance of ties occurs.

Ostrovsky, "The Thunderstorm"

As you have already seen, if the essay should touch upon the problem of relationships between generations, arguments (literary, life and others) can easily help to do this.

To conclude our article, we will give one more example, which perfectly corresponds to the task at hand. Now we will talk about Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm”.

This stunning work very clearly shows the collision of the old Domostroevsky and Of all characters decides to resist the ossified tyranny of elders only main character- Katerina.

There is a saying that Russia is a country of facades. It is in this play that this phrase is deciphered in frightening nakedness. Behind the apparent prosperity and piety of an ordinary Volga town, we discover the true evil hidden in the souls of people.

The problem is not only the cruelty, stupidity and hypocrisy of the older generation. Kabanikha and Wild tyrannize young people only when society does not see them. With such actions they are just trying to “guide” their unlucky children on the true path. However, the difficulty is that all the knowledge and traditions inherent in housebuilding have long ago turned from norms of behavior into an unnecessary burden.

Downside this issue the younger ones become weak-willed, weak and bestial, as well as the indifference of the rest of the townspeople to what is happening before their eyes.

The problems of relationships between generations in the drama are shown in parallel with the approaching storm. Just as nature strives to free itself from what it has accumulated, sending life-giving rain onto the petrified soil, so Katerina’s suicide makes the indifferent souls of people tremble.

Thus, we have examined the relationship between generations using examples from life, the origins and manifestations of this problem. In addition, we became acquainted with the works of many Russian writers who accurately, sharply and frighteningly truthfully illuminated this issue.

Good luck to you, dear readers! Try to find the strength to be better so as not to become boars, simpletons and other house-builders.

The problem of “fathers and sons” has and will always worry. Therefore, neither the classics of Russian literature nor modern writers could not avoid it in their works. Somewhere this question was asked in passing, in some works it became “central”. For example, I. S. Turgenev considered the problem of “fathers and sons” so important that he gave the title of his novel of the same name. Thanks to this work he became famous throughout the world. On the other hand, the comedy "Woe from Wit". It seems that the question that interests us is not the main one for Griboyedov. But the problem of “fathers and sons” is precisely the problem of worldviews, relations between the “present century” and the “past century.” What about “A Hero of Our Time” or “Crime and Punishment”? In these works, in one way or another, the authors touch on the problem of generations. In the novel War and Peace, family relationships are almost main theme writer's thoughts.

In my essay, I will try to consider the conflict of “fathers and sons” from different points of view: how the writers understood it and how topical this issue is now.

First, let’s define what is meant by the problem of “fathers and sons.” For some, this is a problem at the everyday level: how parents and children can find mutual understanding with each other. For others, it is a broader issue: a problem of worldviews and generations that arises among people who are not necessarily related by blood. They clash because of what they have different attitude to life, they look at the world differently.

An example of this is I. S. Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons.” The author in his work contrasts not son and father with each other, but simply people different generations. The conflict between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov is not due to disagreements at the everyday level, it is not even a generational conflict - it is much deeper. At the heart of it are differences in views on life, on the social structure of the world.

The dispute began due to the fact that peaceful life Pavel Petrovich, where no one contradicted him, the wind of change blew. “His aristocratic nature was outraged by Bazarov’s complete swagger.” The basis of Pavel Petrovich’s life was a quiet, peaceful way of life and centuries-old traditions. Naturally, Bazarov, with his nihilistic inclinations, arouses indignation in him. Bazarov’s principle is that everything needs to be destroyed, “the place must be cleared.” And this repels not only Pavel Petrovich from him, but also everyone who comes into contact with Evgeny. Very few people can decide to break with their past in one fell swoop. Therefore, Bazarov is alone: some do not accept his position, he alienates others from himself, for example, his parents. After all, there is also a conflict between “fathers and sons.” Parents see only good, bright things in their child; they cannot turn away from him. And this is the position of all “fathers”. Bazarov pushes them away. Seeing with what carelessness he announces to his parents about his imminent death, one can argue that he is even indifferent to them. By this, Turgenev wants to show that a person will not find peace in his soul if he turns away from everyone, especially from his parents.

The conflict of generations is presented differently in A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit.” At the heart of this conflict lies the dispute between Chatsky and Famusov - representatives different eras, different generations. Chatsky’s position in relation to Famusov’s society: “What’s older is worse.” But the line between generations in this work is quite developed; the main idea of the comedy is the conflict of worldviews. After all, both Sophia and Chatsky belong to the same era, the “present century,” but in their views Molchalin and Sophia are members Famusov society, and Chatsky is a representative of new trends. In his opinion, only a new mind is “hungry for knowledge” and inclined “to creative arts.” As before, the “fathers” defend age-old foundations and are opponents of progress, while the “children” thirst for knowledge and strive to find new ways of developing society.

Having analyzed these two works, we can say that the writers use the conflict of “fathers and sons” both to analyze the problem itself and as a tool for revealing inner world heroes, their thinking, outlook on life.

In the novel “War and Peace,” “family thought” is also subjected to careful analysis by the writer. In his work he describes three families: the Rostovs, the Bolkonskys and the Kuragins. These three clans, although they differ little in origin and position in society, have their own. family traditions, approaches to education, have different priorities in life. With the help of these details, the author shows how individual and different characters such as Nikolai and Natasha Rostov, Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky, Anatol and Helen Kuragin are.

Looking at the Rostov family, one cannot help but notice the warmth and tenderness in their relationship. Parents for Natasha and Nikolai are a reliable support; their home is truly their father’s. They go there as soon as problems arise, because they know that their parents will support them, and if necessary, help them out. In my opinion, this type of family is ideal, but, unfortunately, the ideal is rarely found in life.

The Kuragin clan is strikingly different from the Rostovs. The goal of these people is to get a better job. But what else can Helen and Anatole dream of, if this was instilled in them from childhood, if their parents preach the same principles, if the basis of their family relations is coldness and stiffness? Obviously, parents are the reason for this attitude to life, and this is not uncommon now. Often parents are too busy with themselves to pay attention to the problems of their children, and this gives rise to conflicts, the reasons for which adults often do not understand.

The basis of relationships in the Bolkonsky family is respect and respect for elders. Nikolai Andreevich is the unquestioning authority for his children, and although they do not feel pressure from their father, neither Andrei nor Marya lose their individuality. They have their own life priorities and more or less purposefully try to adhere to them. Such people in any society deserve respect and strive to justify it.

Without the slightest doubt we can say that L. N. Tolstoy was an excellent psychologist if he was so subtly able to feel the connection between the characters of the heroes and their social status, define the role of family in a person’s life and so vividly illustrate the conflict of generations.

Thus, the problem of “fathers and sons” is considered by many writers as a conflict situation. But it cannot be analyzed in any other way, because between “fathers” and “children” there are always disagreements, the reasons for which may be completely different, but their essence is the same - misunderstanding. But it can be avoided if you are at least a little more tolerant of each other, be able to listen to the other person, especially if it is your child, and, first of all, be able to respect his opinion. Only under these conditions will we be able to reach mutual understanding and reduce the problem of “fathers and sons” to a minimum.

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