Why did Katerina say when she got to the boar house. What was the cause of the sadness of Katerina, who lived in the Kabanov family? Homework for the lesson

Homework for the lesson

1. Collect citation material to characterize Katerina.
2. Read steps II and III. Mark phrases in Katerina's monologues that testify to the poetic nature of her nature.
3. What is Katerina's speech?
4. How is life in your parents' house different from life in your husband's house?
5. What is the inevitability of Katerina's conflict with the world of the "dark kingdom", with the world of Kabanova and Dikoy?
6. Why next to Katerina Varvara?
7. Does Katerina Tikhon love?
8. Happiness or misfortune on the life path of Katerina Boris?
9. Can Katerina's suicide be considered a protest against the "dark kingdom"? Maybe the protest is in love with Boris?

Exercise

Using the material prepared at home, characterize Katerina. What traits of her character appear in the very first remarks?

Answer

D.I, yavl. V, p.232: Inability to be hypocritical, lie, directness. The conflict is outlined right away: Kabanikha does not tolerate self-esteem, disobedience in people, Katerina does not know how to adapt and submit. In Katerina there is - along with spiritual softness, trembling, songfulness - and firmness hated by Kabanikh, strong-willed determination, which can be heard in her story about sailing on a boat, and in her individual actions, and in her patronymic Petrovna, derived from Peter - " stone". D.II, yavl. II, pp. 242–243, 244.

Therefore, Katerina cannot be brought to her knees, and this greatly complicates the conflict confrontation between the two women. A situation arises when, according to the proverb, the scythe found a stone.

Question

How else does Katerina differ from the inhabitants of the city of Kalinov? Find places in the text where the poetic nature of Katerina is emphasized.

Answer

Katerina is a poetic nature. Unlike the rude Kalinovites, she feels the beauty of nature and loves it. In the morning I got up early ... Oh, yes, I lived with my mother, like a flower bloomed ...

“I used to get up early; if in the summer, I’ll go to the spring, wash myself, bring water with me and that’s it, water all the flowers in the house. I had many, many flowers,” she says about her childhood. (d.I, yavl. VII, p. 236)

Her soul is constantly drawn to beauty. Her dreams were filled with wonderful, fabulous visions. She often dreamed that she was flying like a bird. She talks about her desire to fly several times. (d.I, yavl. VII, p. 235). With these repetitions, the playwright emphasizes the romantic sublimity of Katerina's soul, her freedom-loving aspirations. Married early, she tries to get along with her mother-in-law, to love her husband, but no one needs sincere feelings in the Kabanovs' house.

Catherine is religious. With her impressionability, the religious feelings instilled in her in childhood firmly took possession of her soul.

“Until death, I loved to go to church! It’s like, it happened, I’ll go into paradise, and I don’t see anyone, and I don’t remember the time, and I don’t hear when the service ends,” she recalls. (d.I, yavl. VII, p. 236)

Question

How would you characterize the character's speech?

Answer

Katerina's speech reflects all the richness of her inner world: the strength of feelings, human dignity, moral purity, truthfulness of nature. The strength of feelings, the depth and sincerity of Katerina's experiences are also expressed in the syntactic structure of her speech: rhetorical questions, exclamations, unfinished sentences. And in especially tense moments, her speech takes on the features of a Russian folk song, becomes smooth, rhythmic, melodious. In her speech, there are vernacular, words of a church-religious nature (lives, angels, golden temples, images), expressive means of folk-poetic language ("Wild winds, you transfer my sadness and longing to him"). Speech is rich in intonations - joyful, sad, enthusiastic, sad, anxious. The intonations express Katerina's attitude towards others.

Question

Where did these traits come from in the heroine? Tell us how Katerina lived before marriage? How is life in your parents' house different from life in your husband's house?

Answer

S.235 d.I, yavl. VII ("Was I like that!")

Conclusion

Outwardly, the living conditions in Kalinovo are no different from the environment of Katerina's childhood. The same prayers, the same rituals, the same activities, but "here," the heroine notes, "everything is as if from bondage." And captivity is incompatible with her freedom-loving soul.

Question

What is Katerina's protest against the "dark kingdom"? Why can't we call her either "victim" or "mistress"?

Answer

Katerina differs in character from all the characters in "Thunderstorm". Whole, honest, sincere, she is incapable of lies and falsehood, therefore, in the cruel world where the Wild and Kabanovs reign, her life is tragic. She does not want to adapt to the world of the "dark kingdom", but she cannot be called a victim either. She protests. Her protest is love for Boris. This is freedom of choice.

Question

Does Katerina Tikhon love?

Answer

Given in marriage, apparently not of her own free will, she is at first ready to become an exemplary wife. D.II, yavl. II, p. 243. But such a rich nature as Katerina cannot love a primitive, limited person.

D. V, yavl. III, p.279 "Yes, he has disgusted me, he has disgusted me, his caress is worse for me than beatings."

Already at the beginning of the play, we learn about her love for Boris. D. I, yavl.VII, p.237.

Question

Happiness or misfortune on the life path of Katerina Boris?

Answer

The very love for Boris is a tragedy. D.V, yavl. III, p. 280 "Unfortunately, I saw you." Even the narrow-minded Kudryash understands this, warning with alarm: “Oh, Boris Grigoryevich! (...) It means that you want to ruin her completely, Boris Grigoryich! (...) But what kind of people are here! You know yourself. They will eat her, (...) Just look - don’t make trouble for yourself, but don’t get her into trouble! Suppose, even though she has a husband and a fool, but her mother-in-law is painfully fierce.

Question

What is the complexity of Katerina's internal state?

Answer

Love for Boris is: a free choice dictated by the heart; deceit that puts Katerina on a par with Varvara; renunciation of love is submission to the world of Kabanikhi. Love-choice dooms Katerina to torment.

Question

How is the heroine's torment, her struggle with herself, her strength shown in the scene with the key and the scenes of meeting and parting with Boris? Analyze vocabulary, sentence structure, folklore elements, connections with folk song.

Answer

D.III, scene II, yavl. III. pp. 261–262, 263

D.V, yavl. III, p. 279.

Scene with the key: “What am I saying, that I am deceiving myself? I have to die to see him." Date scene: "Let everyone know, let everyone see what I'm doing! If I was not afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment? Farewell scene: “My friend! My joy! Goodbye!" All three scenes show the determination of the heroine. She never betrayed herself: she decided on love at the behest of her heart, confessed to treason from an inner sense of freedom (a lie is always not free), she came to say goodbye to Boris not only because of a feeling of love, but also because of guilt: he suffered because of for her. She rushed into the Volga at the request of her free nature.

Question

So what lies at the heart of Katerina's protest against the "dark kingdom"?

Answer

Katerina's protest against the oppression of the "dark kingdom" is based on a natural desire to defend the freedom of her personality. Captivity is the name of her main enemy. With all her being, Katerina felt that living in the "dark kingdom" was worse than death. And she preferred death to captivity.

Question

Prove that Katerina's death is a protest.

Answer

Katerina's death is a protest, a riot, a call to action. Varvara ran away from home, Tikhon blamed his mother for the death of his wife. Kuligin reproached him with unmercifulness.

Question

Will the city of Kalinov be able to live in the old way?

Answer

Most likely no.

The fate of Katerina takes on a symbolic meaning in the play. Not only the heroine of the play perishes - patriarchal Russia, patriarchal morality perishes and goes into the past. Ostrovsky's drama, as it were, captured people's Russia at a turning point, on the threshold of a new historical era.

For conclusion

The play still asks a lot of questions. First of all, it is necessary to understand the genre nature, the main conflict of "Thunderstorm" and understand why N.A. Dobrolyubov wrote in the article "A Ray of Light in a Dark Kingdom": "Thunderstorm" is, without a doubt, Ostrovsky's most decisive work. The author himself called his work a drama. Over time, researchers increasingly began to call "Thunderstorm" a tragedy, based on the specifics of the conflict (obviously tragic) and the nature of Katerina, who raised big questions that remained somewhere on the periphery of society's attention. Why did Katherine die? Because she got a cruel mother-in-law? Because she, being a husband's wife, committed a sin and could not stand the pangs of conscience? If we confine ourselves to these problems, the content of the work is significantly impoverished, reduced to a separate, private episode from the life of such and such a family, and loses its high tragic intensity.

At first glance, it seems that the main conflict of the play is Katerina's clash with Kabanova. If Marfa Ignatievna had been kinder, gentler, more humane, there would hardly have been a tragedy with Katerina. But the tragedy might not have happened if Katerina knew how to lie, adapt, if she had not judged herself so severely, if she had looked at life more simply and calmly. But Kabanikha remains Kabanikha, and Katerina remains Katerina. And each of them reflects a certain life position, each of them acts in accordance with its own principles.

The main thing in the play is the inner life of the heroine, the emergence in her of something new, still unclear to herself. “Something in me is so unusual, as if I’m starting to live again, or ... I really don’t know,” she admits to her husband’s sister Varvara.

The image of Katerina in the play "Thunderstorm" contrasts perfectly with the gloomy realities of Russia in the pre-reform period. At the epicenter of the unfolding drama is the conflict between the heroine, who seeks to defend her human rights, and a world in which strong, rich and powerful people rule everything.

Katerina as the embodiment of a pure, strong and bright people's soul

From the very first pages of the work, the image of Katerina in the play "Thunderstorm" cannot but attract attention and make one feel sympathy. Honesty, the ability to feel deeply, the sincerity of nature and a penchant for poetry - these are the features that distinguish Katerina herself from representatives of the "dark kingdom". In the main character, Ostrovsky tried to capture all the beauty of the people's simple soul. The girl expresses her emotions and experiences unpretentiously and does not use distorted words and expressions common in the merchant environment. This is not difficult to see, Katerina's speech itself is more like a melodic chant, it is replete with diminutive and caressing words and expressions: "sun", "grass", "rain". The heroine shows incredible candor when she talks about her free life in her father's house, among icons, calm prayers and flowers, where she lived "like a bird in the wild."

The image of a bird is an accurate reflection of the state of mind of the heroine

The image of Katerina in the play "Thunderstorm" perfectly echoes the image of a bird, which symbolizes freedom in folk poetry. Talking with Varvara, she repeatedly refers to this analogy and claims that she is "a free bird that has fallen into an iron cage." In captivity, she is sad and painful.

Katerina's life in the Kabanovs' house. Love of Katerina and Boris

In the house of the Kabanovs, Katerina, who is dreamy and romantic, feels completely alien. The humiliating reproaches of the mother-in-law, who is used to keeping all the household in fear, the atmosphere of tyranny, lies and hypocrisy oppress the girl. However, Katerina herself, who by nature is a strong, whole person, knows that there is a limit to her patience: “I don’t want to live here, I won’t, even if you cut me!” Varvara's words that one cannot survive in this house without deceit cause Katerina's sharp rejection. The heroine opposes the "dark kingdom", his orders did not break her will to live, fortunately, they did not make her become like other residents of the Kabanovs' house and begin to hypocrite and lie at every turn.

The image of Katerina in the play "Thunderstorm" is revealed in a new way, when the girl makes an attempt to break away from the "hateful" world. She does not know how and does not want to love the way the inhabitants of the “dark kingdom” do, freedom, openness, “honest” happiness are important to her. While Boris convinces her that their love will remain a secret, Katerina wants everyone to know about it, so that everyone can see. Tikhon, her husband, however, the bright feeling awakened in her heart seems to her And just at this moment the reader comes face to face with the tragedy of her suffering and torment. From that moment on, Katerina's conflict occurs not only with the outside world, but also with herself. It is difficult for her to make a choice between love and duty, she tries to forbid herself to love and be happy. However, the struggle with her own feelings is beyond the strength of the fragile Katerina.

The way of life and the laws that reign in the world around the girl put pressure on her. She seeks to repent of her deed, to purify her soul. Seeing the picture “The Last Judgment” on the wall in the church, Katerina cannot stand it, falls to her knees and begins to publicly repent of sin. However, even this does not bring the girl the desired relief. Other heroes of the drama "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky are not able to support her, even a loved one. Boris refuses Katerina's requests to take her away from here. This person is not a hero, he is simply not able to protect either himself or his beloved.

The death of Katerina is a ray of light that illuminated the "dark kingdom"

Evil is attacking Katerina from all sides. Constant harassment from the mother-in-law, throwing between duty and love - all this eventually leads the girl to a tragic ending. Having managed to know happiness and love in her short life, she is simply not able to continue living in the Kabanovs' house, where such concepts do not exist at all. She sees the only way out in suicide: the future frightens Katerina, and the grave is perceived as salvation from mental anguish. However, the image of Katerina in the drama "Thunderstorm", in spite of everything, remains strong - she did not choose a miserable existence in a "cage" and did not allow anyone to break her living soul.

Nevertheless, the death of the heroine was not in vain. The girl won a moral victory over the "dark kingdom", she managed to dispel a little darkness in the hearts of people, induce them to action, open their eyes. The life of the heroine herself became a "beam of light" that flashed in the darkness and left its glow over the world of madness and darkness for a long time.

We met the main character of A. N. Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm", plunged into the magical world of her memories of childhood and adolescence, learned her character traits, the spiritual world, bitterly watched the tragic ending ... What made the young

A beautiful woman to throw herself off a cliff into the Volga? Was her death an accident or could it have been avoided? Answer the question: “Why did Katerina die?” - means once again to think about the complexity and inconsistency of her nature.

In terms of character and interests, Katerina differs from the inhabitants of the city of Kalinov around her. She is naturally endowed with a peculiar character. In her actions, behavior, she is the only one of all the heroes of the play who proceeds not from external requirements and circumstances, but from her internal qualities: sincerity, striving for goodness, beauty, justice, and freedom of feelings. Katerina is a deeply poetic nature, full of high lyricism. The origins of the formation of just such a character must be sought in her childhood and girlhood, the memories of which are covered with poetry. In the parental home, Katerina lived, “blooming like a flower”, surrounded by affection and care. In her free time, she went to the spring for water, grew flowers, wove lace, embroidered, went to church "as if in paradise", prayed selflessly and joyfully, listened to the stories and singing of wanderers. The religious atmosphere that surrounded her developed in her impressionability, daydreaming, faith in the afterlife and the inevitable retribution of man for his sins. Katerina's faith in God is sincere, deep and organic. Her religiosity is an experience of the good, majestic spiritual and at the same time an enthusiastic enjoyment of the beautiful. Katerina, apparently, was brought up in a bourgeois family, in which an atmosphere of spiritual freedom, democracy and respect for the human person reigned. Hence, in her character and some actions, firmness and strong-willed determination.

Katerina's marriage and the abrupt change in her position is a completely new, dramatic worldview for her. In the house of the Kabanovs, she ended up in the "dark kingdom" of spiritual unfreedom, where outwardly everything is the same, but "as if from bondage." A stern religious spirit lives in the mother-in-law’s house, democracy has disappeared here, even the wanderers in the Kabanikhi’s house are completely different - from among those hypocrites who “did not go far due to their weakness, but heard a lot.” And their stories are gloomy - about the last times, about the coming end of the world. Katerina constantly feels dependent on her mother-in-law, who is ready to humiliate her human dignity every minute; suffers humiliation and insults, she does not meet with any support from her husband. Tikhon, in his own way, loves and even pities Katerina, but he is unable to truly understand the extent of her suffering and aspirations, unable to Roam into her spiritual world. One can only feel sorry for him - he found himself in a vice, unquestioningly carries out the orders of his mother and “is able to resist her despotism.

Life in such an environment changed the character of Katerina: she seemed to “wilt”, all that remained was the memories of that distant beautiful life, when her heart rejoiced and rejoiced every day.

about that distant beautiful life, when every day the heart rejoiced and rejoiced. Katerina rushes about like a bird with clipped wings. “But as long as a person is alive, it is impossible to destroy the desire to live in him ...”. And therefore, the spiritually rich, poetically sublime nature of the heroine gives rise to a new feeling, still unclear to herself. “Something about me is so extraordinary. I’m just starting to live, or I don’t know,” she says. This new vague feeling - the awakening sense of personality - takes on the form of a strong, deep and spiritualized love for Boris. Boris has some attractive qualities: he is mentally soft and delicate, a simple and modest person. He differs from most Kalinovtsy in his manners, education and speech, but he assumes a dependent position in his uncle's house, submits to his whims and consciously tolerates his tyranny. According to N. A. Dobrolyubov, Katerina fell in love with Boris “more for desertion”, in other circumstances she would have seen all his shortcomings and weakness of character earlier. Now she is frightened by the strength and depth of her new feeling, strives to resist it with all her might, doubts the correctness of her actions. She also feels guilt before Tikhon. After all, honest and truth-loving Katerina cannot and does not want to live according to the laws of the "dark kingdom" - do what you want, only that everything be "sewn and covered" (as Varvara advises her). In no one does she find support in her inner struggle. “It’s as if I’m standing over an abyss, and someone is pushing me there, but there’s nothing for me to hold on to,” she admits to Varvara. Indeed, everything around her is already collapsing, everything she tries to rely on turns out to be an empty shell, devoid of moral content, no one in the world around her cares about the moral value of her ideas.

Thus, the play conveys a special chain of circumstances that makes Katerina's position unbearable, tragic. She can no longer live in her mother-in-law's house, she feels like a bird in a cage, deprived of the opportunity to fly. And there is nowhere to go, it is unrealistic to escape from the cage.

Anastasiev, a researcher of Ostrovsky’s work, believes that “the desire for will, for free existence, which constantly lived in Katerina and escalated to the limit when love came ... was a necessary requirement of her nature. But to fulfill the requirement - due to the objective conditions of life - could not. This is where the tragedy lies." I agree with this statement. In the conditions of Kalinov's world, the natural aspirations and needs of the individual could not be satisfied, and this is the tragic hopelessness of Katerina's position, which pushed her to death.

What was the cause of the sadness of Katerina, who lived in the Kabanov family?

The main character of Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm" differs significantly from the representatives of the environment in which she has to live. Katerina has a pure and lively soul, she does not know how to adapt. She is defenseless and weak in front of her mother-in-law and everyone who adheres to the views of Kabanikh and Dikiy. Katerina cannot defend herself and does not receive support from her weak and weak-willed husband.

The conflict that Katerina has with the “dark kingdom” is very serious. At first, the conflict is completely invisible, the young woman suffers silently. And every day it becomes harder and harder for her to live among tyrants, bigots and ignoramuses. The conflict ends in a real tragedy, which resulted in the death of the heroine.

How hard it is for Katerina can be understood from her own words when she talks about her childhood. The young years passed in an atmosphere of complete freedom and sincere love. Nobody offended Katya,

no one forced her to work. She felt the love and care of her mother. Katerina is very romantic and religious. Since childhood, she listened to the stories of praying women, she was interested in everything they said.

Katerina is very cheerful, she loves life in all its manifestations and evokes the liveliest sympathy in the reader. But at the same time, we have to admit that Katerina is completely unadapted to life. From childhood, her mother protected her from all life's hardships and worries, and the girl grew up in ignorance of what she would have to face in the future, in adulthood. But we should not forget that she was also born and grew up in a merchant environment. So, she had to understand that life in her husband's house would not be easy.

Katerina is given in marriage against her will. She does not have any warm feelings for her husband, but there is no place for hatred in her heart. Indeed, Tikhon is a completely weak-willed and weak-willed person. He obeys his mother in everything, and it doesn’t even occur to him that you can do otherwise. It is no coincidence that Tikhon tells his mother that he does not want to live by his own will. Katerina does not feel support from her husband when her mother-in-law oppresses and humiliates her in every possible way. Katerina has to endure in silence. And it is very, very difficult for such an emotional nature to endure other people's nit-picking and undeserved insults.

Katerina is very kind. She willingly helps the poor in her parents' house. And in her husband's house, no one can not only help her, but even provide simple human participation. Katerina has a special attitude towards the church. The church is perceived by her as a bright and beautiful place where you can dream for your own pleasure. All these qualities betray in Katerina a dreamy, completely detached from reality, easily wounded nature, trusting and surprisingly naive. It is especially difficult for such people to put up with what does not suit them, and the lack of the opportunity to throw out their emotions, to talk about what is painful for them is fatal.

After marriage, Katerina is forced to live in an atmosphere of deceit and cruelty. Everything that was dear to her was taken away from the girl. And in return, she received absolutely nothing. As a result, there is disappointment, spiritual emptiness. Katerina is no longer happy to go to church, she feels deeply unhappy. A lively ardent imagination works, but the girl sees in front of her only gloomy, joyless, overwhelming pictures. And she has sad, disturbing thoughts. Katerina ceases to enjoy life, is not even able to admire the beauties of nature anymore.

But initially Katerina does not even think of grumbling and conflict. She silently endures humiliation and bullying. She cannot get used to them, but gradually begins to understand that everywhere is the same. When a person has nothing good left in his life, he inevitably perishes spiritually. But nevertheless, every person tries to find salvation for himself.

Katerina finds love in the hope that this beautiful and bright feeling will fill the void in her

soul and make it happy. At first, Katerina tries to love her husband. She says: “I will love my husband. Tisha, my dear, I will not exchange you for anyone. It would seem that what is wrong with the sincere manifestation of their feelings? But in the merchant patriarchal environment, where domostroy reigns, manifestations of feelings are condemned in every possible way. That is why the mother-in-law says to the girl: “Why are you hanging around your neck, shameless? You don't say goodbye to your lover." The girl was insulted for nothing. And so every time.

After the departure of her husband, Katerina feels lonely. The energy of her lively and ardent soul needs an outlet, so it is not surprising that Katerina fell in love with Boris, a person who is so different from others, as, indeed, she is. Love has become a real salvation for her. Now Katerina no longer thinks about the suffocating atmosphere of the boar's house, she lives with her feelings, hopes, dreams. A man in love begins to look at life differently, ceases to notice previously unbearable abominations. Pride wakes up in a person, he begins to value himself more. Katerina's falling in love is a protest against her powerless position, which forces her to put up with fate.

Katerina anticipates her death. She is well aware that her love for Boris is inherently sinful. But at the same time, she cannot resist her feelings, because her usual life already seems completely hostile and unacceptable to her. Katerina says to her beloved: "You ruined me." Katerina is very religious and superstitious, it is no coincidence that she is afraid of an impending thunderstorm, considering it a punishment for her sin. Katerina becomes afraid of thunderstorms after she falls in love with Boris. She believes that love will certainly be punished by the wrath of the Almighty. The sin she committed weighs heavily on the heroine. Obviously, that is why she decides to confess to the crime she committed. Katerina's act causes the reader's liveliest surprise, it seems strange and completely illogical. Katerina is very frank, she openly reveals all her secrets to her husband and mother-in-law.

The misdeed she committed lay like a stone on her soul. She cannot forgive herself. Now Katerina is tormented by thoughts about how she will live on, how she will return home and look her husband in the eyes.

The heroine seems that her death will be a worthy way out of this situation. She says: “No, I don’t care whether I go home or go to the grave... It’s better in the grave... To live again? No, no, don't... not good." Katerina can no longer live, now she understands that her life itself has been and will be miserable and unhappy.

In the last act of Katerina, the decisiveness and integrity of character are manifested. She sacrifices herself in order to save herself from shame and a hateful life. And Katerina cannot live disgraced. Katerina lives in real slavery, and her soul protests against this in every possible way. Love elevates her for a while, and then again plunges her into an abyss of melancholy and sadness, but even more, because she suffered a strong disappointment in her loved one. Repentance and disappointment are so strong that Katerina decides to commit suicide.