What is now in the place of Troy. Ancient Troy or the legendary Ilion Türkiye photo history how to get where the city of Troy is located

Troy (Turkish Truva), second name Ilion, is an ancient city in the north-west of Asia Minor, off the coast of the Aegean Sea. It was known thanks to the ancient Greek epics and was discovered in the 1870s. during G. Schliemann's excavations of the Hissarlik hill. The city gained particular fame thanks to the myths about the Trojan War and the events described in Homer’s poem “The Iliad,” according to which the 10-year war of the coalition of Achaean kings led by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae, against Troy ended with the fall of the fortress city. The people who inhabited Troy are called Teucrians in ancient Greek sources.

Troy is a mythical city. For many centuries, the reality of Troy's existence was questioned - it existed like a city from legend. But there have always been people looking for a reflection in the events of the Iliad real story. However, serious search attempts ancient city were undertaken only in the 19th century. In 1870, Heinrich Schliemann, while excavating the mountain village of Gissrlik on the Turkish coast, came across the ruins of an ancient city. Continuing excavations to a depth of 15 meters, he unearthed treasures that belonged to an ancient and highly developed civilization. These were the ruins of Homer's famous Troy. It is worth noting that Schliemann excavated a city that was built earlier (1000 years before the Trojan War); further research showed that he simply walked right through Troy, since it was built on the ruins of the ancient city he found.

Troy and Atlantis are one and the same. In 1992, Eberhard Zangger suggested that Troy and Atlantis are the same city. He based his theory on the similarity of the descriptions of cities in ancient legends. However, this assumption did not have a widespread and scientific basis. This hypothesis did not receive widespread support.

Trojan War flared up because of a woman. According to Greek legend, the Trojan War broke out because one of the 50 sons of King Priam, Paris, kidnapped beautiful Elena- wife of the Spartan king Menelaus. The Greeks sent troops precisely to take Helen away. However, according to some historians, this is most likely only the peak of the conflict, that is, the last straw that gave rise to the war. Before this, there were supposedly many trade wars between the Greeks and the Trojans, who controlled trade along the entire coast of the Dardanelles.

Troy survived for 10 years thanks to outside help. According to available sources, Agamemnon's army camped in front of the city on the seashore, without besieging the fortress from all sides. King Priam of Troy took advantage of this, establishing close ties with Caria, Lydia and other regions of Asia Minor, which provided him with assistance during the war. As a result, the war turned out to be very protracted.

The Trojan horse actually existed. This is one of the few episodes of that war that has never found its archaeological and historical confirmation. Moreover, there is not a word about the horse in the Iliad, but Homer describes it in detail in his Odyssey. And all the events associated with the Trojan horse and their details were described by the Roman poet Virgil in the Aeneid, 1st century. BC, i.e. almost 1200 years later. Some historians suggest that the Trojan horse meant some kind of weapon, for example, a ram. Others claim that Homer called the Greeks that way. sea vessels. It is possible that there was no horse at all, and Homer used it in his poem as a symbol of the death of the gullible Trojans.

The Trojan horse got into the city thanks to a cunning trick by the Greeks. According to legend, the Greeks spread a rumor that there was a prophecy that if a wooden horse stood within the walls of Troy, it could forever defend the city from Greek raids. Most of the city's residents were inclined to believe that the horse should be brought into the city. However, there were also opponents. The priest Laocoon suggested burning the horse or throwing it off a cliff. He even threw a spear at the horse, and everyone heard that the horse was empty inside. Soon a Greek named Sinon was captured and told Priam that the Greeks had built a horse in honor of the goddess Athena to atone for many years of bloodshed. Tragic events followed: during a sacrifice to the god of the sea Poseidon, two huge snakes swam out of the water and strangled the priest and his sons. Seeing this as an omen from above, the Trojans decided to roll the horse into the city. He was so huge that he couldn’t fit through the gate and part of the wall had to be dismantled.

The Trojan Horse caused the fall of Troy. According to legend, on the night after the horse entered the city, Sinon released the warriors hiding inside from its belly, who quickly killed the guards and opened the city gates. The city, which had fallen asleep after the riotous festivities, did not even offer strong resistance. Several Trojan soldiers led by Aeneas tried to save the palace and the king. By ancient Greek myths, the palace fell thanks to the giant Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, who smashed the front door with his ax and killed King Priam.

Heinrich Schliemann, who found Troy and amassed a huge fortune during his life, was born into a poor family. He was born in 1822 into the family of a rural pastor. His homeland is a small German village near the Polish border. His mother died when he was 9 years old. My father was a harsh, unpredictable and self-centered man who loved women very much (for which he lost his position). At the age of 14, Heinrich was separated from his first love, the girl Minna. When Heinrich was 25 years old and already becoming a famous businessman, he finally asked Minna's hand from her father in a letter. The answer said that Minna married a farmer. This message completely broke his heart. Passion to Ancient Greece appeared in the boy’s soul thanks to his father, who read the Iliad to the children in the evenings, and then gave his son a book on world history with illustrations. In 1840, after a long and grueling job in a grocery store that almost cost him his life, Henry boarded a ship bound for Venezuela. On December 12, 1841, the ship was caught in a storm and Schliemann was thrown into the icy sea; he was saved from death by a barrel, which he held on to until he was rescued. During his life, he learned 17 languages and made a large fortune. However, the peak of his career was the excavation of the great Troy.

Heinrich Schliemann undertook the excavations of Troy due to unsettled personal life. This is not excluded. In 1852, Heinrich Schliemann, who had many affairs in St. Petersburg, married Ekaterina Lyzhina. This marriage lasted 17 years and turned out to be completely empty for him. Being a passionate man by nature, he married a sensible woman who was cold towards him. As a result, he almost found himself on the verge of madness. Unhappy couple had three children, but this did not bring happiness to Schliemann. Out of desperation, he made another fortune by selling indigo dye. In addition, he became closely involved Greek. An inexorable thirst for travel appeared in him. In 1668, he decided to go to Ithaca and organize his first expedition. Then he went towards Constantinople, to the places where Troy was located according to the Iliad and began excavations on the Hissarlik hill. This was his first step on the path to the great Troy.

Schliemann tried on jewelry from Helen of Troy for his second wife. Introduced him to Henry's second wife old friend, it was 17-year-old Greek Sofia Engastromenos. According to some sources, when Schliemann found the famous treasures of Troy (10,000 gold objects) in 1873, he moved them upstairs with the help of his second wife, whom he loved immensely. Among them were two luxurious tiaras. Having placed one of them on Sophia’s head, Henry said: “The jewel that Helen of Troy wore now adorns my wife.” One of the photographs actually shows her wearing magnificent antique jewelry.

The Trojan treasures were lost. There is a deal of truth in it. The Schliemanns donated 12,000 items to Berlin Museum. During World War II, this priceless treasure was moved to a bunker from which it disappeared in 1945. Part of the treasury unexpectedly appeared in 1993 in Moscow. There is still no answer to the question: “Was it really the gold of Troy?”

During excavations at Hisarlik, several layers of cities from different times were discovered. Archaeologists have identified 9 layers that belong to different years. Everyone calls them Troy.

Only two towers have survived from Troy I. Troy II was explored by Schliemann, considering it the true Troy of King Priam. Troy VI was highest point development of the city, its inhabitants traded profitably with the Greeks, but this city seems to have been severely destroyed by an earthquake. Modern scientists believe that the found Troy VII is the true city of Homer's Iliad. According to historians, the city fell in 1184 BC, being burned by the Greeks. Troy VIII was restored by Greek colonists, who also built the temple of Athena here. Troy IX already belongs to the Roman Empire. I would like to note that excavations have shown that Homeric descriptions very accurately describe the city.

Popular myths.

Popular facts.

Troy, Türkiye: description, photo, where it is on the map, how to get there

Troy- an ancient settlement in Turkey off the coast of the Aegean Sea. This landmark was sung by Homer in his Iliad. The Trojan War brought Troy its greatest fame. This ancient Greek city is one of the 1000 best places world according to our website.

Many tourists are interested in this archaeological site of modern Turkey. In order to get to Troy, you must first get to Canakalle. From there, buses leave hourly for Troy. The journey will take about half an hour. In turn, you can come to Canakalle by bus from Izmir or Istanbul. In both cases, the distance is about 320 km.

The German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann was the first to become interested in the excavations of Troy in the second half of the 19th century. It was under his leadership that the ruins of nine cities around the Hissarlik hill were found. Moreover, many ancient artifacts and one very ancient fortress were found. Schliemann's many years of work were continued by one of his colleagues, who excavated a vast area dating back to the Mycenaean era.

Excavations are still ongoing at this site.

Today there is little to attract the traveler's eye in Troy. However the atmosphere greatest fairy tale peace invariably hovers in this city. IN currently The restoration of the famous Trojan Horse has been completely completed. This attraction is located on a panoramic platform.

Photo attraction: Troy

Troy on the map:

Where is Troy? - monument on the map

Troy is located in modern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea, southwest of Istanbul. In ancient times, Troy was apparently a powerful fortified city, whose inhabitants were most famous for allowing into their city a wooden horse left behind by the Greeks. According to legend, Greek soldiers were hiding inside the souvenir, who killed the Trojan guards and opened the city gates for the Greek army.

Coordinates:
39.9573326 northern latitude
26.2387447 east longitude

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Troy is in the lists: cities, monuments

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Troy

Troy is an ancient Greek city on the western tip of Asia Minor. In the 8th century BC, Homer spoke about it in his poems. It was a blind wandering singer. He sang about the Trojan War, which took place in the 13th century BC. e. That is, this event occurred 500 years before Homer.

For a long time it was believed that both Troy and the Trojan War were invented by the singer. It is still not even known whether the ancient poet actually existed or was it collective image. Therefore, many historians were skeptical about the events sung in the Iliad.

Troy on the map of Turkey, indicated by a blue circle

In 1865, English archaeologist Frank Calvert began excavations on the Hisarlik hill, located 7 km from the Dardanelles Strait. In 1868, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann also began excavations at the other end of the same hill, after chance meeting with Calvert in Canakkale.

The German was lucky. He excavated several fortified cities that were built in different eras. To date, 9 main settlements have been excavated, located one above the other. They were built in a time period that spans 3.5 thousand years.

Model of the city of Troy on the eve of the Trojan War

The excavations are located in northwestern Anatolia at the southwestern end of the Dardanelles Strait (in ancient times the Hellespont) northwest of Mount Ida. It is about 30 km southwest of the city of Canakkale (the capital of the province of the same name).

Not far from the ruins there is a small village supporting travel business. This site was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.. It should be noted that during the Roman Empire Troy was called Ilion. The city flourished until it was eclipsed by Constantinople. During the Byzantine era it fell into decay.

The famous Trojan horse. Hiding in such a horse,
the treacherous Achaeans entered the city

Main archaeological layers of Troy

1 layer- a settlement dating back to the Neolithic period. This is the 7th-5th centuries BC. e.

2 layer- covers the period 3-2.6 thousand years BC. e. It is from this settlement that Troy begins. It had a diameter of no more than 150 meters. The houses were built from clay bricks. All houses were destroyed by fire.

3 layer- covers the period 2.6-2.25 thousand years BC. e. More developed settlement. Precious jewelry, gold vessels, weapons, and gravestones were found on its territory. All this pointed to a highly developed culture. The settlement was destroyed as a result of a natural disaster.

4 and 5 layers- covers the period 2.25-1.95 thousand years BC. e. Characterized by the decline of culture and material wealth.

6 layer- 1.95-1.3 thousand years BC e. The city grew in size and wealth. It was destroyed around 1250 BC. e. strong earthquake. However, it was quickly restored.

7 layer- 1.3-1.2 thousand years BC e. This particular archaeological layer dates back to the period of the Trojan War. The area of the city at that time occupied 200 thousand square meters. meters. At the same time, the area of the fortress was 23 thousand square meters. meters. The urban population reached 10 thousand people. The city fortress was a powerful wall with towers. Their height reached 9 meters. The siege and destruction of the city occurs approximately in 1184 BC. e.

8 layer- 1.2-0.9 thousand years BC e. The settlement was captured by wild tribes. No cultural development was observed during this period.

9 layer- 900-350 BC e. Troy turned into the ancient Greek city-state - polis. This had a beneficial effect on the culture and well-being of citizens. The period is characterized good relations with the Achaemenid Empire. Persian king Xerxes in 480 BC. e. visited the city and sacrificed 1000 bulls to the sanctuary of Athena.

10 layer- 350 BC e. - 400 AD e. characterized by the era of Hellenistic states and Roman rule. In 85 BC. e. Ilion was destroyed by the Roman general Fimbria.

Sulla then helped rebuild the settlement.

In 20 AD e. Emperor Augustus visited Troy and allocated money for the restoration of the sanctuary of Athena. The city flourished for a long time, but then, as already mentioned, fell into decline, thanks to the heyday of Constantinople.

Archaeological excavations

After Schliemann, excavations were carried out by Wilhelm Dörpfeld in 1893-1894, and then in 1932-1938 by Karl Blegen. These excavations showed that there were 9 cities, built one on top of the other. At the same time, 9 levels were divided into 46 sublevels.

Archaeological excavations resumed in 1988 under the leadership of professors Manfred Korfmann and Brian Rose. During this period, the ruins of late Greek and Roman cities were discovered. In 2006, Ernst Pernik led the excavations.

In March 2014, it was announced that further research would be sponsored by a private Turkish company, and the work would be led by Associate Professor Rustem Aslan. It was stated that Troy would boost tourism in Canakkale and perhaps become one of Turkey's most visited historical sites.

It seems to me that there is no such person who would not know and have not heard about him..

Let's start with the fact that this city was glorified by the famous Homer in his work “The Iliad”.

He described the events of the famous Trojan War. The wife of the Mycenaean king, the beautiful Helen, fell in love with Paris. The lovers fled to Troy, to the groom's father. The angry husband gathered an army and rushed to return his unfaithful wife. As a result, the siege of the city lasted 10 years.

He was taken thanks to a trick invented by.

The besiegers built a huge horse out of wood, hid a number of soldiers in it, and allegedly retreated. The Trojans dragged the horse into the city, mistaking it for a gift from the gods, and held festivities on this occasion. At night, the warriors got out of their horses, opened the gates and let their comrades into the city. Thus, the famous Trojan Horse entered history, and the city fell.

He described real historical events. Although for a long time Troy was considered fictional city, allegedly, it did not exist in real life in ancient times. And then such a lover of archeology appeared, Heinrich Schliemann. He set himself the goal of finding Troy. He succeeded only on the fourth attempt.

I would like to note that life is structured in such a way that cities are destroyed, covered with a layer of earth, new settlements can be built on this earth, etc. So, Schliemann carried out excavations very roughly, he swept away those layers that were not interesting to him. This is what he did in the case of Troy. He's her found in May 1873, destroying later cultural layers.

Schliemann showed the world the famous gold of Troy - this is the so-called “Priam’s treasure”. He even took a photo of his wife Sofia wearing jewelry from these finds.

For a very long time they did not believe that it was the same Troy that had been found, that the “treasure” was genuine, etc. But passions subsided and the majority came to the conclusion that this was the same legendary Troy.

The city of Troy is also associated with the name famous Alexander Macedonian. He made a pilgrimage to this city. The altar of the temple of Athena, which he visited, was found.

The fact is that the city of Troy is so geographically located that it is constantly beset by disasters (earthquakes, wars, etc.). Therefore, he is like a phoenix bird - he dies in order to be reborn again.

Well, since Schliemann did not excavate the entire territory of Troy and did not sweep away all the cultural layers, I am sure that archaeologists will surprise the world more than once with their finds glorifying Troy.

A major center of culture in the III-II millennia BC. e. was Troy. The city of Troy was located on the northwestern coast of Asia Minor, 25-30 km from the mouth of the Thracian Bosphorus.

The hill (modern Hisarlik), on which Troy (Ilion) was located, rose above the plain of the Scamander River, bounded by mountains on the south and east.

The history of Troy is closely connected with the history of neighboring Asia Minor peoples. Around the 12th century. BC e. the flourishing settlement of the Trojans was destroyed; Greek tradition considered this death to be the work of the Achaeans: the basilei of Mycenae and other centers of Greece of that time appear in ancient Greek legends about the Trojan Campaign as the leaders of the Greek army that besieged Troy. Information about this event was preserved in Homer’s poems “Iliad” and “Odyssey”. IN mid-19th V. Representatives of the so-called critical trend in the study of Homer's poems expressed doubts about the existence of Troy.

Only excavations by amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in Troy proved its existence. Using the instructions contained in Homer's poems, Schliemann began to excavate the Hisarlik hill and discovered the place where Troy stood. True, Schliemann made a mistake in identifying the layer related to Homeric Troy, since he conducted excavations without complying with the basic requirements of archaeological methodology.

As a result, he dated objects dating back to the time reflected in Homer's poems. early era, the material from settlements of different times was mixed up, and the walls of Homer’s Troy were even torn down. Subsequent excavations revealed the presence of many urban layers, numbering at least nine, dating back to the period from the 3rd millennium BC. e. up to the first centuries AD. e.

The oldest settlement on Hissarlik Hill dates back to beginning of III millennium BC e. Its inhabitants were still at the stage of the tribal system. They were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding, which was especially facilitated by the fertility of the surrounding area. The tools were made of stone and polished; One can only speculate about the use of copper. Around 2800 BC e. vessels brought from the Cyclades islands appear here.

In the second half of the 3rd millennium, over the ruins of the first village, which apparently perished from a fire, a richer settlement, fortified with powerful walls, arose - Troy II. The inhabitants of this city used bronze and precious metals- silver and gold. This was the era of the decomposition of the primitive communal system. The wealth of the nobility reached significant proportions. An example is the famous treasure found in Troy, arbitrarily called Priam's treasure by Schliemann.

It consisted of silver ingots, vessels made of copper, silver and gold, weapons made of bronze and stone, the finest gold jewelry (tiaras, bracelets, earrings, etc.), dishes, etc. The number of small gold items exceeded 8 thousand. Particularly noteworthy are the large polished axes made of jasper and jade, very beautiful shape, decorated with unusually elegant patterns.

And in other treasures of this era, numerous highly artistic items made of gold, silver, and bronze were found. The abundance of treasures indicates that crafts related to metal processing have already emerged as an independent branch of production. The rapid development of metallurgy was favored by the wealth of mineral resources in Asia Minor (copper, tin, silver, and gold were mined there in ancient times). The development of production created conditions for lively exchange. Trade, judging by the available data, was carried out not only with its immediate neighbors, but also with the population of the eastern part of the Aegean basin.

Single finds of Trojan items in Cyprus and Egypt allow the assumption that Troy had relations with these countries at that time. Excavations in recent decades in Thrace, Macedonia and mainland Greece (in Argolid) have shown that communication between the population of the Troad and these areas was already quite intense. Relations were not only trade, but also cultural - similarities were found in ceramics and in some ritual rites (for example, in the burial rite).

Materials concerning the external relations of Troy in the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. e., decisively refute the theory of Ed. Meyer that at the end of the 3rd millennium BC. e. Troy was the center of a single “bronze culture” that spread throughout Asia Minor. We can only talk about close, related cultures of the tribes living there, who were at similar stages of social development.

Numerous treasures found in Troy also testify to the dangers to which Troy was exposed in the second half of the 3rd millennium. Property stratification and accumulation of wealth was main reason intensification of tribal wars.

For peoples at the stage of disintegration of the tribal system, the acquisition of wealth seems to be one of the most important goals in life. Robbery of other people's wealth seems easier and more honorable to them than hard work.

In that era, Troy was surrounded by thick walls reaching a height of 3 m, with several towers and gates. The entire fortification, which occupied a relatively small space (from 175 to 190 m in diameter), apparently was the residence of the basile and the local nobility. As excavations indicate, the most valuable items were kept in this very protected and fortified point of Troas.

The settlement we are describing died in a fire at the end of the 3rd millennium BC. e. It is interesting to note that the time of the death of this rich center coincides with the period of strengthening of the Hittites, who lived in the interior of Asia Minor.

In the period from the XXI to the XVIII centuries. BC e. over the ruins of the destruction of the fortress, three successive settlements arose and, apparently, were destroyed by the enemy. The earliest of them (Troy III) had powerful walls reaching 12 m in width. The fourth settlement was destroyed by fire. The culture of the inhabitants of these settlements was less vibrant than that of the inhabitants of Troy II. However, economic ties with neighbors, in particular with the inhabitants of the Aegean islands, continued to gradually develop.

An ancient settlement off the coast of the Aegean Sea. This landmark was sung by Homer in his Iliad. The Trojan War brought Troy its greatest fame. This ancient Greek city is included in the version of our website.

Today there is little to attract the traveler's eye in Troy. However, the atmosphere of the world's greatest fairy tale invariably hovers in this city. At the moment, the restoration of the famous Trojan Horse has been completely completed. This attraction is located on a panoramic platform.

Photo attraction: Troy

Ruins of Troy

Many of us have heard at least once in our lives the name of the ancient city of Troy, or Ilion. The city was located on the territory of Asia Minor on the coast of the Aegean Sea. Today, lovers of travel and old cities are looking for information about where Troy was and where its ruins can now be seen.

Troy in the past

The oldest archaeological traces of Troy date back to 2900-2500 BC. Ancient state Troy was located near the Dardanelles Strait (Hellespont) in the Aegean Sea, it was founded at the mouth of the bay of the same name. Ancient sea route, connecting the Marmara, Black and Aegean seas, was under the control of the Trojan state in those days. Troy was one of the important trading states.

For a long time it was believed that Troy was just a mythical state that was invented in ancient times. But everything changed after in 1870, the famous self-taught archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann found a treasure in the northwestern part of Hisarlik Hill (near the city of Canakkale in modern Turkey). During further excavations, the Ancient City was found.

Troy today

The ruins of Troy are located in Turkey, near the city of Canakkale, about 30 km. The closest locality- Tevfikiye village. You can quickly get to the museum from the city of Canakkale; buses make regular trips, the minimum cost of a ticket is 3 liras.

The ruins of the city are of particular interest. They consist of 10 main layers. This is due to the fact that the city was destroyed and rebuilt several times during various military invasions.

It is worth noting that the city-museum of Troy is on the list world heritage UNESCO.