The peasant world in the story by I.S. Turgenev “Bezhin meadow. Essay on the topic: peasant children in the story and.

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In the poetic story “Bezhin Meadow”, images of peasant children appear. Turgenev gives their detailed emotional and psychological characteristics. These guys are very active and inquisitive. They are independent not only in their children's worries and troubles, but also in their ideas about reality, imbued with superstition that is natural to them. In peasant boys, Turgenev reveals the poetic nature of the Russian people, their living connection with their native nature.

Against the backdrop of the poetic and mysterious Central Russian nature, the author with extraordinary sympathy paints village children in the night. The lost hunter sits next to the lit fires and, in the mysterious light of the fire, peers into the faces of the boys. There were five of them: Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya. They were very different.

The lost hunter loves the rare prowess, determination, courage and modesty of Pavlusha, who gallops after the dogs on a frightening night, without even a simple twig in his hands. The author is close to the curiosity and inquisitive mind of Ilyusha - a lover of scary stories and unusual rural beliefs, who believes in the indispensable existence of forces hostile to people. The writer also likes Fedya, an unusually attractive boy, very artistic. The hunter also likes little Kostya, endowed with a “thoughtful gaze” and a developed imagination. It is joyful for an adult guest to hear from Vanyusha with what amazing feeling he perceives the beauty of nature.

All these children talk very differently about people and village events, but they all sincerely believe in miracles and are ready to solve the unknown mysteries of life. Boys have many prejudices and superstitions - this is a consequence of the darkness and downtroddenness of their parents.

Real life, according to Turgenev, will soon dispel the boys’ illusions and mystical moods, but will certainly preserve their rare poetic feelings.

Option 2 Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a wonderful Russian writer, who wrote the famous “Notes of a Hunter”. This is a collection that includes essays, short stories and short stories. Unlike most other writers, who in their works represented peasants as a faceless gray mass, I. S. Turgenev notes in each work something special. Therefore his collection is full bright characters and descriptions of the peasant world.

In the story “Bezhin Meadow” main character got lost after hunting, lost his way and ended up in a meadow near a river. There he met “peasant children from neighboring villages who were guarding the herd.” The author notes that “driving out a herd before the evening and bringing in a herd at dawn is a big holiday for peasant boys.” This is the time when they can sit in a close circle around the fire, watch the animals and tell each other all sorts of stories. The master joins them and, pretending to be asleep, watches the children and listens to their speech. There were five boys: Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya. They were all different both in character and in the well-being of the family. So, for example, the eldest boy Fedya was slender, “with beautiful and thin, slightly small features faces,” with a “constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile.” It was clear that he belonged to rich family and went out into the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” In the conversation, Fedya was the lead singer, but he himself “spoke little, as if afraid of losing his dignity.” The other hero of the story, Pavlusha, is completely different from him, and immediately arouses sympathy. He is dressed very poorly, his hair is “tousled, black,” “his face is pale, pockmarked,” “his body is squat, clumsy.”

But “he looked very smart” and “there was strength in his voice.” He is calm, confident, active: all the guys were sitting, and he was boiling potatoes and watching the fire. He is also very brave. When the dogs suddenly barked and rushed into the darkness, everyone got a little scared. And Pavel silently jumped on his horse and galloped after the dogs. He knows nature well and explains to the other boys which birds cry and which fish splash in the river. Kostya, a boy with a “thoughtful and sad look,” described nature better than others in his stories, even though he himself was a coward. And Ilyusha “knew all the rural beliefs better than others.”

All the images of boys in Turgenev’s story turned out to be bright and expressive. The guys are illiterate and superstitious, but they are very close to nature. From childhood they are accustomed to work and to knowledge of the world around them.

In the collection of stories “Notes of a Hunter,” the narration is told on behalf of a hunter who, on his campaigns, meets different people. One beautiful July day, he got lost while hunting and unexpectedly came to the Bezhin meadow. Here he saw children guarding a herd of horses. “To drive out the herd before the evening and bring in the herd at dawn is a great holiday for peasant boys.” The hunter stayed overnight near the guys and involuntarily watched them.

There were all five boys. From their conversations, the author learned the names of the children. The eldest's name was Fedya, he was about fourteen years old. It was a handsome boy. By all accounts, he belonged to a wealthy family and “went out into the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He was dressed in good clothes. Pavlusha “was unprepossessing,” but it was this boy who attracted the narrator’s attention: “he looked very smart and straight, and there was strength in his voice.” The third boy's name was Ilyusha. The author notes in his insignificant face “some kind of dull, painful solicitude.” Kostya aroused the narrator’s curiosity “with his thoughtful and sad gaze,” his black eyes seemed to want to express something for which there were no words in the language. Vanya was lying on the ground under the matting, so it was difficult to notice him right away. He only occasionally stuck out his brown curly head from under the matting. Pavlusha and Ilyusha looked no more than twelve years old, Kostya was about ten years old, and Vanya was only seven. All the children, with the exception of Fedya, were poorly dressed.

The boys sat around the fire, on which “potatoes” were boiled in a pot, and talked leisurely. Above them stood the dark, starry sky “with all its mysterious splendor.” The night was filled with subtle rustles and unclear sounds. The guys talked about brownies, mermaids, ghosts. The stories they told were as mysterious and poetic as the July night itself that surrounded them. Ilyusha, Pavlusha, and Kostya spoke most of all. Fedya “spoke little, as if afraid to lose his dignity,” he only pushed the other boys to tell the story. Vanya didn’t say a word the whole night. There was a friendly relationship between the boys; it was clear that this was not the first time they had traveled together at night. Their stories testify to a fabulous perception of the world around them, but at the same time they also speak about the lack of education of children. It's unlikely they went to school.

Turgenev spoke with great warmth about peasant children. For each boy the author found special words, with the help of which he created unique images.

The story “Bezhin Meadow” ends with a symbolic description of the awakening day, when in the streams of rays rising sun the night chimeras scattered and a rested herd raced across the steppe, “chased by familiar boys.” This is how the writer expressed his belief that the Russian people will come to a bright life.

To the galaxy of remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century who received global recognition and the love of readers during his lifetime, refers to Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. In his works, he poetically described pictures of Russian nature, the beauty of human feelings. The work of Ivan Sergeevich is complex world human psychology. With the story “Bezhin Meadow” the image was first introduced into Russian literature children's world and child psychology. With the appearance of this story, the theme of the world of Russian peasants expanded.

History of creation

Peasant children are depicted by the writer with tenderness and love, he notes their rich spiritual world, the ability to feel nature and its beauty. The writer awakened in readers love and respect for peasant children, made them think about their future destinies. The story itself is part of a large cycle under common name"Notes of a Hunter." The cycle is notable for the fact that for the first time in Russian literature, types of Russian peasants were brought onto the stage, described with such sympathy and detail that Turgenev’s contemporaries considered that a new class had emerged that was worthy of literary description.

In 1843 I.S. Turgenev met famous critic V.G. Belinsky, who inspired him to create “Notes of a Hunter.” In 1845, Ivan Sergeevich decided to devote himself entirely to literature. He spent the summer in the village, giving everything free time hunting and communicating with peasants and their children. Plans for creating the work were first announced in August September 1850. Then, notes containing plans for writing the story appeared on the draft manuscript. At the beginning of 1851, the story was written in St. Petersburg and in February it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.

Analysis of the work

Plot

The story is told from the perspective of the author, who loves to hunt. One day in July, while hunting for black grouse, he got lost and, walking towards the fire of a burning fire, came out into a huge meadow, which local residents called Bezhin. Five peasant boys were sitting near the fire. Having asked them for an overnight stay, the hunter lay down by the fire, watching the boys.

In the further narration, the author describes five heroes: Vanya, Kostya, Ilya, Pavlusha and Fyodor, their appearance, characters and stories of each of them. Turgenev was always partial to spiritual and emotionally gifted people, sincere and honest. These are the people he describes in his works. Most of them live hard lives, while they maintain high moral principles, are very demanding of themselves and others.

Heroes and characteristics

With deep sympathy, the author describes five boys, each of whom has his own character, appearance, and characteristics. This is how the writer describes one of the five boys, Pavlusha. The boy is not very handsome, his face is wrong, but the author notices a strong character in his voice and look. Appearance it speaks of the extreme poverty of the family, since all his clothes consisted of a simple shirt and patched trousers. It is he who is entrusted with monitoring the stew in the pot. He speaks knowledgeably about a fish splashing in the water and a star falling from the sky.

It is clear from his actions and speech that he is the most courageous of all the guys. This boy evokes the greatest sympathy not only from the author, but also from the reader. With one twig, unafraid, at night he galloped alone towards the wolf. Pavlusha knows all the animals and birds very well. He is brave and not afraid of acceptance. When he says that it seemed to him that the merman was calling him, the cowardly Ilyusha says that this is a bad omen. But Pavel answers him that he does not believe in omens, but believes in fate, from which you cannot escape anywhere. At the end of the story, the author informs the reader that Pavlusha died after falling from a horse.

Next comes Fedya, a boy of fourteen “with beautiful and delicate, slightly small features, curly blond hair, light eyes and a constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile. He belonged, by all accounts, to a rich family and went to the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He is the oldest among the guys. He behaves importantly, according to the right of his elder. He speaks patronizingly, as if afraid of losing his dignity.

The third boy, Ilyusha, was completely different. Also a simple peasant boy. He looks no more than twelve years old. His insignificant, elongated, hook-nosed face had a constant expression of dull, painful solicitude. His lips were compressed and did not move, and his eyebrows were knitted together, as if he was constantly squinting from the fire. The boy is neat. As Turgenev describes his appearance, “a rope carefully tied his neat black scroll.” He is only 12 years old, but he already works with his brother in a paper mill. We can conclude that he is a hardworking and responsible boy. Ilyusha, as the author noted, knew everything well folk beliefs, which Pavlik completely denied.

Kostya looked no more than 10 years old, his small, freckled face was pointed, like a squirrel’s, and his huge black eyes stood out on him. He was also poorly dressed, thin and short in stature. He spoke in a thin voice. The author's attention is drawn to his sad, thoughtful look. He is a little cowardly boy, but, nevertheless, he goes out with the boys every night to graze horses, sit by the night fire and listen horror stories.

The most inconspicuous boy of all five is ten-year-old Vanya, who was lying near the fire, “quietly huddled under the angular matting, and only occasionally exposed his light brown curly head from under it.” He is the youngest of all, the writer does not give him portrait characteristics. But all his actions, admiring the night sky, admiring the stars, which he compares to bees, characterize him as an inquisitive, sensitive and very sincere person.

All the peasant children mentioned in the story are very close to nature, they literally live in unity with it. From the early childhood they already know what work is, they learn on their own the world. This is facilitated by working at home and in the field, and during night trips. That is why Turgenev describes them with such love and reverent attention. These children are our future.

The writer's story does not belong only to the time of its creation, to the 19th century. This story is deeply modern and timely at all times. Today, more than ever, a return to nature is required, to the understanding that we must protect it and live in unity with it, as a beloved mother, but not a stepmother. Raise our children on work and respect for it, on respect for the working person. Then the world around us will change, become cleaner and more beautiful.

In the collection of stories “Notes of a Hunter,” the story is told on behalf of a hunter who meets different people on his campaigns. One beautiful July day, he got lost while hunting and unexpectedly came to the Bezhin meadow. Here he saw children guarding a herd of horses. “To drive out the herd before the evening and bring in the herd at dawn is a great holiday for peasant boys.” The hunter stayed overnight near the guys and involuntarily watched them.

There were all five boys. From their conversations, the author learned the names of the children. The eldest's name was Fedya, he was about fourteen years old. He was a beautiful boy. By all accounts, he belonged to a wealthy family and “went out into the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He was dressed in good clothes. Pavlusha “was unprepossessing,” but it was this boy who attracted the narrator’s attention: “he looked very smart and straight, and there was strength in his voice.” The third boy's name was Ilyusha. The author notes in his insignificant face “some kind of dull, painful solicitude.” Kostya aroused the narrator’s curiosity “with his thoughtful and sad gaze,” his black eyes seemed to want to express something for which there were no words in the language. Vanya was lying on the ground under the matting, so it was difficult to notice him right away. He only occasionally stuck out his brown curly head from under the matting. Pavlusha and Ilyusha looked no more than twelve years old, Kostya was about ten years old, and Vanya was only seven. All the children, with the exception of Fedya, were poorly dressed.

Turgenev spoke with great warmth about peasant children. For each boy, the author found special words with which he created unique images.

The story “Bezhin Meadow” ends with a symbolic description of the awakening day, when the night chimeras scattered in the streams of rays of the rising sun and a rested herd rushed across the steppe, “chased by familiar boys.” This is how the writer expressed his belief that the Russian people will come to a bright life.

Plan
Introduction
At the center of “Notes of a Hunter” is the fate of the Russian peasantry.
Main part
The main characters of “Bezhin Meadow” are peasant boys.
Watching the guys, the narrator gives general idea O peasant life:
- portrait of the guys;
- stories of the guys.
Conclusion
The guys' lives are full spiritual beauty.
In the middle of the 19th century I.S. Turgenev creates his famous collection of hunting stories, “Notes of a Hunter.” At the center of the collection is the fate of the Russian peasantry, which so worried the progressive intelligentsia of that time. Ivan Sergeevich also took a fresh look at the life of a simple Russian peasant. In the story “Bezhin Meadow” peasant world shown with all its simplicity, spirituality, and spiritual beauty.
The very action of the story is reliably accurately indicated by the writer: Bezhin Meadow was located just a few kilometers from Spassky-Lutovinov, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev’s own estate. The main characters of the story are peasant boys from neighboring villages who guard the herd. Their life is given through the perception of the narrator - a hunter who accidentally got lost while hunting one July day. A picture of the life of peasant children unfolds before the reader. summer evening. The boys are quietly talking by the fire. Listening to the boys' stories, observing their clothes, behavior, and actions, the narrator gets a general idea of peasant life. The guys are dressed simply: patched pants, bast shoes and onuchi, canvas shirts. Only one boy, Fedya, who looks older, according to the author, “belonged, by all accounts, to a rich family and went to the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.”
Peasant children tell each other scary stories. And through their attitude to what they heard, the author reveals all the charm of their world. For example, the boy Ilyusha describes a brownie who lives in an old roller at a factory and scares the workers. Kostya talks about Gavrila, a suburban carpenter who once met a forest mermaid and has been “walking around sadly” ever since. Pavlusha speaks of a “heavenly foresight” that frightened everyone, even the master. The guys believe in evil spirits, evil spirits, witches and sorcerers. And in this faith of theirs one can trace the desire of people for mystery, unknown things, unexplained phenomena. Belief in miracles, ghosts, good and evil spirits has been preserved among people since ancient times. Therefore, in the stories boys tell, there are many folklore images: brownies, mermaids, devilry. The power of rural beliefs is enormous. The boys talk about people who did not die their own deaths; these stories both fascinate and frighten children.
The life of peasant children is devoid of prosperity and material well-being. But it is filled with real spiritual beauty, spiritualized. At the end of the story there is an indication from the author of Pavel’s death in the same year: “he killed himself by falling from a horse.” This fact forces the reader to take a closer look at peasant life.