People's defenders in Rus' live well. Images of people's intercessors based on the poem Who lives well in Rus' (Nekrasov N.). Essay on literature on the topic: Images of people's intercessors in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”
At the time when the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” was created, the country had not quite simple times. Nekrasov wanted to single out people's intercessors who could represent the interests of the peasants. In the poem, the intercessors of the people are Yermil Girin, Savely, Grisha Dobrosklonov, and to some extent these qualities were possessed by Yakim Nag. The people's defender sympathizes with the peasants and tries in every possible way to help the people in action.
Ermil Girin can rightfully be considered a people's protector, he is a very honest and brave person. Nekrasov invested many good human qualities in Girin. Yermil is a true protector of the people, who proves by his actions and deeds that he is worthy to claim this role.
When Ermil Girin wanted to help the peasants defend the mill, which was important for everyone, he was able to do it. The only thing he did not have at that moment the money to pay for it, and asked for help from the peasants. The peasants were able to collect the necessary amount for him and were ready to donate their last pennies, because they sincerely believed in the good intentions of Yermila. When Girin had money, he distributed debts to everyone, and when he had extra ones and he still didn’t get from people whose they were, he didn’t take them for himself, but gave them to the blind.
Ermil Girin was a very honest person and that is why he deserved the recognition of the people. People could always turn to Kirin for advice and get good advice. The only time he sinned, and he had to suffer for a long time with remorse, which almost drove him to suicide. He saved his brother from the army and another person had to go there, but Kirin repented before the people in time and corrected the mistake. For Girin, it was important that people trust him, and he really liked helping the people.
Grisha Dobrosklonov was also a people's protector, and he liked to help people. Dobrosklonov did everything possible to somehow make life easier for the peasants. The young guy wants to go to study in Moscow, and while he is in the countryside, he helps the peasants in every possible way to explain the laws for the peasants. Dobrosklonov and his brother help the peasants understand the new laws and not miss anything. Dobroskolonov is a revolutionary propagandist and tries his best to be an example for others.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov wanted to show the reader with his poem that at all times there were people who could lead uprisings against injustice. Grisha Dobrosklonov and Yermil Girin did a wonderful job, for which they received human recognition in return.
Composition People's defenders Girin and Dobrosklonov
One of the most honorable places in the series of everything created by A.N. Nekrasov, belongs to the poem "To whom in Rus' it is good to live." During the period of time when the work was created, the Russian empire was going through difficult times. In the socio-political life of the state, a protest was brewing, the degree of the boiling point was rising. The progressive movement, represented by the best representatives of the intelligentsia, supported everything that was most progressive. The movement of "populists" was including.
The fate of the people worried the progressive people of that generation. It is not enough for public defenders to simply pity and sympathize with the disadvantaged. Their worldview is confirmed by good deeds and selfless deeds.
The plot of the work describes the journey of peasant peasants. Seven seekers of truth set off on a long journey through their native land. Their goal was to find out for certain whether there are happy people somewhere on their native side and what they look like.
Wandering around the world, wandering comrades discovered the defenders of the common people in the person of Ermil Girin and Grisha Dobrosklonov. The writer has invested the best human qualities in these brave and disinterested people. Standing up for ordinary people, Jirin managed to keep the mill from being sold. This act of his saved many peasants from starvation. Having won the auction, Yermil could not collect the necessary amount to repay the bail. And then ordinary peasants came to his aid. They collected the entire amount, collecting it by a penny. One and only ruble, which did not find its use, was given to the blind. By this act, Jirin confirms his honesty, decency and complete disinterestedness. He helped people without pursuing any personal goal.
There was a case in the life of Yermila when he sinned against his conscience. Then he helped his brother avoid military service. Instead of his brother, another person was shaved into the soldiers. And only sincere repentance removed this burden from the soul of Girin.
One of the young guardians for the people is Grisha Dobrosklonov. From his youth, he set himself the goal of protecting his people. He has a lofty goal - to get a decent education in the capital. In the meantime, he lives at home, helping the neighboring peasants completely disinterestedly. Someone must explain to the illiterate, homespun peasants the essence of the laws and regulations that gave them freedom from serfdom.
Such, according to Nekrasov, should be the intercessors of the people. They must become freedom fighters, propagandists among the people. Their destiny is to bring to the people everything that is most advanced and progressive.
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In his poem, N.A. Nekrasov creates images of "new people" who came out of the people's environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. Such is Yermil Girin. In whatever position he may be, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. Honor and love he earned "strict truth, intelligence and kindness."
The poet abruptly breaks off the story about Yermil, who ended up in prison at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanyev district was rioting. The suppressors of the rebellion, knowing that the people would listen to Yermila, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people's defender did not tell the peasants about humility.
The type of an intellectual-democrat, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a laborer and a half-impoverished deacon. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have starved to death. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love from an early age filled Grisha's heart and determined his path:
fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of those who are brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
I cried a lot...
If in the era of the Decembrists the best people from the nobility stood up to protect the people, now the people themselves from their midst send their best sons to fight, and this is especially important, because it testifies to the awakening of people's self-consciousness:
No matter how dark vakhlachina,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessed, put
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha's path is a typical path of a democrat-raznochinets: a hungry childhood, a seminary, "where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry", but where he read a lot and thought a lot ...
Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet draws the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha found true happiness, and the country whose people bless "such a messenger" for battle should become happy.
In the image of Grisha there are not only features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov direction, a poet-citizen.
The chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism sounds in the song "Rus":
The army rises - Innumerable,
The power in it will be indestructible!
In the poem there is an image of yet another people's intercessor - the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" the author directly addresses the readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language acquires a special coloration: along with folk vocabulary, there are many bookish, solemn, romantically elevated words (“radiant”, “lofty”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the happiness of the people”, “slavery is heavy”, “Rus' is reviving ").
Direct author's statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author's thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people's happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in "the strength of the people - the mighty strength", in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:
The limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: Before them is a wide path!
The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:
Such soil is good. The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!..
The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" was created in the mid-70s, during a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of a revolution. The Narodniks, who preached revolutionary ideas, pinned all their hopes on the peasantry. With the aim of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of the intelligentsia into the people began. However, "going to the people" was not successful. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the Narodniks. The question of how to instill revolutionary consciousness among the masses, direct them to the path of active struggle, is especially acute in the current situation. In the populist environment at that time there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author is also included in this dispute. Nekrasov did not doubt the need for a lively connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when "going to the people" failed. Such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry, is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He is the son of a deacon who lived "poorer than the last poor peasant", and "an unrequited laborer", who salted her bread with tears. Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined the life path of Gregory.
... about fifteen
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobrosklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the "offended" and "humiliated". He wants to be the first there, "... where it is difficult to breathe, where grief is heard." He does not need wealth and is alien to concerns about personal well-being. The Nekrasov revolutionary is preparing to give his life for “so that ... every peasant lives freely and cheerfully in all of holy Rus'!”.
Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already come out on the “honest” paths. Like all revolutionaries
Fate prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the people of many millions themselves are awakening to struggle.
The army rises
innumerable,
The strength will affect her
Invincible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a strong effect the words of Gregory have on the Vakhlak peasants and on the seven wanderers, what they infect with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Rus'.
Grigory Dobrosklonov - the future leader of the peasantry, the spokesman for his anger and reason. His path is hard, but also glorious, “only strong, loving souls” enter it, true happiness awaits a person, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, is in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: “Who is it good to live in Rus'?” - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.
Would our wanderers be under their native roof,
If only they could know what happened to Grisha.
He heard immense strength in his chest,
Gracious sounds delighted his ears,
Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -
He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people.
The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful connection of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his own solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to eliminate the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of the revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are only on their way to a "feast for the whole world."
- The plot of the poem.
- The theme of public intercession.
- Heroes - "protectors".
- Grisha Dobrosklonov as a "conscious defender".
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov entered Russian poetry as a "people's mourner". The folk theme became one of the central ones in his work. But the poet was never a simple everyday writer; as an artist, he was primarily concerned with the drama of the people. The theme of the "people's intercessor" is also heard in the poem "To whom in Rus' it is good to live."
In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, the author himself appeared as a people’s “intercessor”, who not only expressed his attitude towards the people by the fact of creating this work, but was able to understand his soul, truly reveal his character. What is the real happiness of a person in Russia? What needs to be done to make everyone happy? he asked himself. The poet believed that in order to resolve these issues, people are needed who are able to join the struggle and lead others. The theme of popular intercession is widely represented in the poem. Intercessor is one of the key words in the work. The people's intercessor is one who not only pities, sympathizes with the peasants, but serves the people, expresses their interests, confirming this with actions and deeds. Such characters are shown in the images of Yakim Nagogoy, Ermila Girin, Savely Korchagin, Grisha Dobrosklonov.
In Yakima Nagoi, a peculiar character of the people's truth-seeker is presented. He lives a beggarly life, like all the peasantry, but is distinguished by a rebellious disposition. Yakim is ready to stand up for his rights. This is what he says about the people:
Every peasant has a Soul that is a black cloud, Wrathful, formidable - and Thunders should thunder from there, Bloody rains to pour.
Ermila Girin is a peasant whom the people themselves chose as a steward, recognizing his justice. Even as a clerk, Yermila won authority among the people for the fact that:
... they will advise
And he will provide information;
Where there is enough strength - will help out,
Don't ask for gratitude
And if you give it, you won't take it!
But Yermila was also guilty: he shielded his younger brother from recruitment, but the people forgave him for his sincere repentance. Only Ermila's conscience did not calm down: he left the steward, hired a mill. And again the people fell in love with him for his good treatment, for his even attitude towards the landowner and the poor, for his kindness. "Grey priest" characterizes Yermila in this way:
He had everything that is necessary For happiness and tranquility, And money, and honor, An enviable, true honor, Not bought either by money, Nor by fear: strict truth. Mind and kindness.
It can be seen from the priest's statement that Girin achieved honor with “strict truth”, “mind and kindness”. He is worried about the attitude of the people towards him, but Yermila himself judges himself even more strictly. He seeks to alleviate the situation of the peasants, to help them financially, although he himself is not yet ready for a revolutionary action. Kirin is already satisfied that his conscience is clear, that he makes life a little easier for others.
Savely the Bogatyr represents another type of Russian peasant. He is the embodiment of strength and courage. Despite the rods and hard labor, he did not resign himself to his fate. “Branded, but not a slave,” he says about himself. Savely embodies the best features of the Russian character: love for the motherland and people, hatred for the oppressors, self-esteem. His favorite word - "nadday" - helps to see in him a person who knows how to cheer up his comrades, rally, captivate. Saveliy is one of those who stood up well for "the patrimony." Together with the peasants, he executes the hated manager, the German Vogel. People like Savely will not stand aside at the moment of peasant unrest.
The most conscious of the "people's defenders" is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He devotes his whole life to the struggle, lives among the people, knows their needs. The future of Russia, the poet believes, belongs to people like Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom "fate prepared a glorious path, a loud name of the people's intercessor, consumption and Siberia." The songs of Grisha Dobrosklonov reflect his thoughts about life ideals, his hopes for a brighter future:
Share of the people, Happiness, Light and freedom First of all.
The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov helps to understand that truly happy is the one on whose side the truth is, on whom the people hope, who chooses an honest path for himself, being the “people's defender”. The poem shows the difficult childhood of Grisha, tells about his father and mother.
Grigory's reflections on the fate of the people testify to the liveliest compassion that makes Grisha choose such a difficult path for himself. The image of Grisha is closely connected with the revolutionary democratic ideas that began to appear in society in the middle of the 19th century. Nekrasov created his hero, focusing on the fate of N. A. Dobrolyubov. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a type of revolutionary raznochinets. He was born into the family of a poor deacon, from childhood he felt all the disasters that are characteristic of the life of ordinary people. Grigory was educated and, being an intelligent and enthusiastic person, cannot remain indifferent to the situation in the country. Grigory is well aware that now there is only one way out for Russia - radical changes in the social system. The common people can no longer be the same dumb community of slaves that meekly endures all the antics of their masters.
The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" inspires hope in the moral and political revival of Rus', in a change in the consciousness of the simple Russian people.
Nekrasov, in the work “To whom it is good to live in Rus',” tried to state everything that he knows about the people. Of course, the writer could not help but turn to the topic of people's intercessors. Let's try to identify what the defenders of the people appear in the poem by analyzing the image of Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero.
Travelers learn about Savelia from the story of the "happy" Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina. Savely is the father of her father-in-law. He lived a long life and, as Matryona said, "he was also lucky."
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In his youth, Savely, along with other peasants, endured the cruel bullying of the landowner, who "ruined the people to the bone." But the man was freedom-loving, so he revolted against the German manager: “And it bends, but it doesn’t break, / It doesn’t break, it doesn’t fall ../ Isn’t it a hero? / But soon the peasant's patience came to an end. The men buried the German alive in a hole which he ordered them to dig. For this crime, Savely and his accomplices were exiled to hard labor. But even twenty years of “strict penal servitude” did not break Savely, “branded, but not a slave,” he said. Already at home, another misfortune occurs: Savely overlooked his great-grandson Demushka, and the pigs ate the boy. The old man goes to the monastery. Nekrasov displays in Savelia the hidden potential of the Russian people. High moral qualities, love of freedom and pride show that the peasants are capable of revolution. But people have so far decided only on minor riots, and then after many years of patience.
Nekrasov emphasizes in his works that the people themselves are often to blame for all the troubles, because they have come to terms with the current situation and do not raise uprisings. In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, the image of Savely is the embodiment of hidden power, unrealized people's potential.
Updated: 2017-04-14
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