Obituary for Musa Jalil. The tragic death of Musa Jalil Was there a feat

		Monument in Kazan
		Annotation board in Kyiv
		Memorial plaque in Moscow
		Monument in St. Petersburg (1)
		Monument in St. Petersburg (2)
		Bust in Nizhnevartovsk (view 1)
		Bust in Nizhnevartovsk (view 2)
		Memorial plaque in Kazan (1)
		Memorial plaque in Kazan (2)

Musa Jalil (Zalilov Musa Mustafovich) - Tatar poet, anti-fascist hero; Correspondent of the army newspaper "Courage" of the 2nd shock army of the Volkhov Front, senior political instructor.
Born on February 15, 1906 in the village of Mustafino, now the Sharlyksky district of the Orenburg region, in the family of a poor peasant. Tatar. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1929. He studied at the Khusainia Madrasah in Oreburg, which, after the Great October Socialist Revolution, was transformed into the Tatar Institute of Public Education (TINO). In 1919 he joined the Komsomol.
Member of the Civil War. Fought with Dutov. During this period, his first poems appeared, calling on the working youth to fight against the enemies of the revolution.
After the civil war, Musa Jalil actively participated in the organization of the first pioneer detachments, wrote children's poems and plays. He was elected a member of the Bureau of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Komsomol Central Committee and sent to Moscow. Here he enters the philological faculty of Moscow State University. His poems, which he wrote in his native language, were read in translation at university evenings and enjoyed great success. After graduating from the university in 1931, he was sent to Kazan, where he devoted himself entirely to creative work and social activities. In 1939, Musa Jalil was elected chairman of the Union of Writers of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and a deputy of the city council. As a writer, he works in almost all literary genres: he writes songs, poems, poems, plays, journalism, collects material for a novel about the Komsomol. On the basis of his poems "Altyn Chech" and "Il Dar", the composer N.G. Zhiganov wrote operas (the last of them was awarded the Stalin Prize).
When the Great Patriotic War began, in June 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. Graduated from courses of political staff. He fought on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, as a correspondent for the army newspaper "Courage" of the 2nd Shock Army (Volkhov Front).
On June 26, 1942, senior political instructor M.M. Zalilov, with a group of soldiers and officers, making his way out of the encirclement, was ambushed by the Nazis. In the ensuing battle, he was seriously wounded in the chest and was taken prisoner in an unconscious state.
While in the Spandau concentration camp, he organized a group that was supposed to prepare an escape. At the same time, he conducted political work among the prisoners, issued leaflets, distributed his poems calling for resistance and struggle.
On the denunciation of a provocateur, he was captured by the Gestapo and imprisoned in solitary confinement in the Moabit prison in Berlin. Neither cruel torture, nor the promises of freedom, life and well-being broke his will and devotion to the Motherland. Then he was sentenced to death, and on August 25, 1944, he was executed by guillotine in the Plötzensee prison in Berlin.
For a long time, the fate of Musa Jalil remained unknown. Only thanks to the many years of efforts of the pathfinders, his tragic death was established.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 2, 1956, for exceptional stamina and courage shown in battles with the Nazi invaders in the Great Patriotic War, Musa Jalil (Zalilov Musa Mustafovich) awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).
He was awarded the Order of Lenin (02/02/1956, posthumously). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1957).
In the center of the capital of Tatarstan - Kazan, a monument was erected to Musa Jalil. His name was given to the ship, cruising along the Volga, an urban-type settlement in Tatarstan. In October 2008, a monument to the poet was opened in Moscow, in the southeast of the capital, in the courtyard of school No. 1186, which bears his name.
Compositions:
Heroic song. - M .: "Young Guard", 1955.
From the Moabite notebook. / Ed. S. Shchipachev. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1954.
Selected lyrics. - M .: "Young Guard", 1964.
Favorites. - M.: "Fiction", 1966.
Moabite notebook. - M.: "Fiction", 1969.
My songs. - M .: "Children's literature", 1966.
Poetry. / Authorized translation from Tatar by A. Minich. - M.: Goslitizdat, 1935.
Poems. - M.: Goslitizdat, 1961.

In prison, the fiery anti-fascist poet created 115 poetic works. His notebooks with poems were kept by fellow Belgian anti-fascist André Timmermans. After the war, Timmermans handed them over to the Soviet consul. The poems were returned to their homeland. The collection of Moabite poems was first published in the Tatar language in Kazan in 1953. In 1955, a collection of poems by Musa Jalil was published by the publishing house "Young Guard" under the title "Heroic Song". The first Moabite homemade notebook, measuring 9.5 x 7.5 cm, contains 60 poems. The second Moabite notebook is also a self-made notebook measuring 10.7 x 7.5 cm. It contains 50 poems. These notebooks are kept in the State United Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan. It is still unknown how many notebooks there were in total. In 1957, Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize for the cycle of poems "Moabit Notebook".

Earth! .. To rest from captivity,
To be free in the draft ...
But the walls freeze over the groans,
The heavy door is locked.

Oh, heaven with a winged soul!
I would give so much for a swing! ..
But the body at the bottom of the casemate
And the captive hands are in chains.

How freedom rains
In happy faces of flowers!
But it goes out under the stone arch
The breath of weakening words.

I know - in the arms of the light
Such a sweet moment of being!
But I'm dying... And this—
My last song.

eleven suicide bombers

On August 25, 1944, in the Plötzensee prison in Berlin, 11 members of the Idel-Ural Legion, a unit created by the Nazis from Soviet prisoners of war, primarily Tatars, were executed on charges of treason.

Eleven of those sentenced to death were an asset of an underground anti-fascist organization that managed to decompose the legion from the inside and frustrate the German plans.

The execution procedure on the guillotine in Germany was debugged to automatism - it took the executioners about half an hour to behead the "criminals". Executors scrupulously recorded the order in which sentences were carried out and even the time of death of each person.

Fifth, at 12:18, lost his life writer Musa Gumerov. Musa Mustafovich Zalilov, aka Musa Jalil, died under this name, a poet whose main poems became known to the world a decade and a half after his death.

In the beginning was "Happiness"

Musa Jalil was born on February 15, 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg province, in the family of a peasant, Mustafa Zalilov.

Musa Jalil in his youth. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org

Musa was the sixth child in the family. “I first went to the village mekteb (school) to study, and after moving to the city I went to the elementary classes of the Khusainia madrasah (spiritual school). When my relatives left for the village, I stayed at the madrasah boarding house,” Jalil wrote in his autobiography. “During these years, Khusainia was far from being the same. The October Revolution, the struggle for Soviet power, its strengthening strongly influenced the madrasah. Inside "Husainia" the struggle between the children of beys, mullahs, nationalists, defenders of religion and the sons of the poor, revolutionary-minded youth is intensifying. I always stood on the side of the latter, and in the spring of 1919 I signed up for the newly established Orenburg Komsomol organization, fought for the spread of Komsomol influence in the madrasah.

But even before Musa was carried away by revolutionary ideas, poetry entered his life. The first poems that have not survived, he wrote in 1916. And in 1919, in the newspaper "Kyzyl Yoldyz" ("Red Star"), which was published in Orenburg, Jalil's first poem was published, which was called "Happiness". Since then, Musa's poems have been published regularly.

"Some of us are missing"

After the Civil War, Musa Jalil graduated from the workers' faculty, was engaged in Komsomol work, and in 1927 entered the literary department of the ethnological faculty of Moscow State University. After its reorganization, he graduated in 1931 from the literary faculty of Moscow State University.

Classmates of Jalil, then still Musa Zalilov, noted that at the beginning of his studies he did not speak Russian very well, but he studied with great diligence.

After graduating from the Faculty of Literature, Jalil was the editor of Tatar children's magazines published under the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, then the head of the literature and art department of the Tatar newspaper Kommunist, published in Moscow.

In 1939, Jalil and his family moved to Kazan, where he took the position of executive secretary of the Union of Writers of the Tatar ASSR.

On June 22, 1941, Musa and his family were going to a friend's dacha. At the station, he was overtaken by the news of the beginning of the war.

The trip was not canceled, but the carefree conversations in the country gave way to talk about what lies ahead for everyone.

“After the war, some of us will be missing ...,” Jalil told his friends.

Missing

The very next day, he went to the military enlistment office with a request to send him to the front, but they refused and offered to wait until the summons arrived. The wait did not drag on - they called Jalil on July 13, initially assigning him to the artillery regiment as a mounted scout.

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They wanted to demobilize Jalil or leave him in the rear, but he himself opposed attempts to save him: “My place is among the fighters. I have to be at the front and beat the Nazis."

As a result, in early 1942, Musa Jalil went to the Leningrad Front as an employee of the front-line newspaper Courage. He spent a lot of time at the forefront, collecting the material necessary for publications, as well as carrying out instructions from the command.

How this happened can be learned from the surviving poem by Musa Jalil, one of those written in captivity:

"What to do?
Refused the word friend-gun.
The enemy has chained my half-dead hands,
The dust has covered my blood trail."

Apparently, the poet was not going to surrender, but fate decided otherwise.

At home, for many years, he was assigned the status of "missing."

Legion "Idel-Ural"

With the rank of political instructor, Musa Jalil could have been shot in the first days of his stay in the camp. However, none of his comrades in misfortune betrayed him.

There were different people in the prisoner of war camp - someone lost heart, broke down, and someone burned with the desire to continue the fight. From among these, an underground anti-fascist committee was formed, of which Musa Jalil became a member.

The failure of the blitzkrieg and the beginning of a protracted war forced the Nazis to reconsider their strategy. If earlier they relied only on their own strength, now they decided to play the “national card”, trying to attract representatives of various nations to cooperation. In August 1942, an order was signed to create the Idel-Ural Legion. It was planned to create it from among the Soviet prisoners of war, representatives of the peoples of the Volga region, primarily the Tatars.

Musa Jalil with his daughter Chulpan. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org

With the help of Tatar political emigrants during the Civil War, the Nazis hoped to educate former prisoners of war as staunch opponents of the Bolsheviks and Jews.

Candidates for legionnaires were separated from other prisoners of war, freed from hard work, better fed, treated.

Among the underground there was a discussion - how to relate to what is happening? It was proposed to boycott the invitation to enter the service of the Germans, but the majority spoke in favor of another idea - to enter the legion, in order, having received weapons and equipment from the Nazis, to prepare an uprising inside the Idel-Ural.

So Musa Jalil and his comrades "took the path of struggle against Bolshevism."

Underground in the heart of the Third Reich

This was a deadly game. "Writer Gumerov" managed to earn the trust of the new leaders and received the right to engage in cultural and educational work among the legionnaires, as well as publish the newspaper of the legion. Jalil, traveling around the prisoner-of-war camps, established secret connections and, under the guise of selecting amateur artists for the choir chapel created in the legion, recruited new members of the underground organization.

The effectiveness of the underground was incredible. The Idel-Ural Legion never became a full-fledged combat unit. His battalions raised uprisings and went to the partisans, the legionnaires deserted in groups and singly, trying to get to the location of the Red Army units. Where the Nazis managed to prevent a direct rebellion, things were also not going well - the German commanders reported that the fighters of the legion were not able to fight. As a result, legionnaires from the Eastern Front were transferred to the West, where they also did not really show themselves.

However, the Gestapo did not doze off either. The underground workers were identified, and in August 1943 all the leaders of the underground organization, including Musa Jalil, were arrested. This happened just a few days before the start of the general uprising of the Idel-Ural legion.

Poems from fascist dungeons

The underground workers were sent to the dungeons of the Berlin Moabit prison. They were interrogated with prejudice, using all conceivable and unthinkable types of torture. Beaten and mutilated people were sometimes taken to Berlin, stopping in crowded places. The prisoners were shown a piece of peaceful life, and then returned to prison, where the investigator offered to extradite all the accomplices, promising in exchange a life similar to that flowing on the streets of Berlin.

It was very hard not to break. Everyone was looking for their own ways to hold on. For Musa Jalil, writing poetry became this way.

Soviet prisoners of war were not supposed to write paper, but Jalil was helped by prisoners from other countries who were sitting with him. He also tore off blank margins from the newspapers that were allowed in prison, and sewed small notebooks out of them. In them he recorded his works.

During one of the interrogations, the investigator in charge of the underground fighters honestly told Jalil that what they had done would be enough for 10 death sentences, and the best he could hope for was execution. But, most likely, they are waiting for the guillotine.

Reproduction of the cover of the "Second Maobit Notebook" by the poet Musa Jalil, handed over to the Soviet embassy by the Belgian Andre Timmermans. Photo: RIA Novosti

The verdict on the underground workers was passed in February 1944, and from that moment on, every day could be their last.

"I'll die standing without asking for forgiveness"

Those who knew Musa Jalil said that he was a very cheerful person. But more than the inevitable execution, in prison he was disturbed by the thought that in his homeland they would not know what had become of him, they would not know that he was not a traitor.

He handed over his notebooks, written in Moabit, to fellow prisoners, those who did not face the death penalty.

August 25, 1944 underground Musa Jalil, Gainan Kurmashev,Abdullah Alish, Fuat Saifulmulukov,Fuat Bulatov,Garif Shabaev, Akhmet Simaev, Abdulla Battalov,Zinnat Khasanov, Akhat Atnashev And Salim Bukhalov were executed in the Plötzensee prison. The Germans, who were present in the prison and saw them in the last minutes of their lives, said that they behaved with amazing dignity. Assistant Warden Paul Dürrhauer said: "I have not yet seen people go to the place of execution with their heads held high and singing a song at the same time."

No, you're lying, executioner, I won't kneel,
At least throw them into the dungeons, at least sell them into slaves!
I'll die standing without asking for forgiveness
Chop my head with an ax!
I'm sorry that I am those who are related to you,
Not a thousand - only a hundred exterminated.
For this would have his people
I asked for forgiveness on my knees.
Traitor or hero?

Musa Jalil's fears that they would talk about him at home came true. In 1946, the Ministry of State Security of the USSR launched a search case against him. He was accused of treason and aiding the enemy. In April 1947, the name of Musa Jalil was included in the list of especially dangerous criminals.

The grounds for suspicion were German documents, from which it followed that the "writer Gumerov" voluntarily entered the service of the Germans, joining the Idel-Ural legion.

Musa Jalil. Monument in Kazan. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Liza vetta

The works of Musa Jalil were forbidden to be published in the USSR, the poet's wife was summoned for interrogation. The competent authorities assumed that he might be on the territory of Germany, occupied by the Western allies, and conduct anti-Soviet activities.

But back in 1945, in Berlin, Soviet soldiers discovered a note by Musa Jalil, in which he told that, together with his comrades, he was sentenced to death as an underground worker, and asked to inform his relatives about this. Roundabout, through writer Alexander Fadeev, this note reached Jalil's family. But suspicions of treason were not removed from him.

In 1947, a notebook with poems was sent to the USSR from the Soviet consulate in Brussels. These were the poems of Musa Jalil, written in the Moabit prison. Notepad taken out of jail the poet's roommate, the Belgian Andre Timmermans. A few more notebooks were handed over by former Soviet prisoners of war who were part of the Idel-Ural legion. Some notebooks survived, others then disappeared into the archives of the special services.

Symbol of Fortitude

In 1953, at the initiative of Simonov, an article about Musa Jalil was published in the central press, in which all accusations of treason were removed from him. Some poems written by the poet in prison were also published.

Soon the Moabite Notebook was published as a separate book.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 2, 1956, Zalilov Musa Mustafovich (Musa Jalil) was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) for exceptional stamina and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders.

In 1957, Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize for his cycle of poems, The Moabit Notebook.

The poems of Musa Jalil, translated into 60 languages of the world, are considered an example of great courage and stamina in front of the monster, whose name is Nazism. "Moabit Notebook" has become on a par with the "Report with a Noose around the Neck" of the Czechoslovak writer and journalist Julius Fucik, who, like Jalil, wrote his main work in the Nazi dungeons while awaiting execution.

Don't frown, friend— we are only sparks of life,
We are the stars flying in the darkness...
We will go out, but the bright day of the Fatherland
Will rise on our sunny land.

And courage, and loyalty - next to us,
And that's all - than our youth is strong ...
Well, my friend, not with timid hearts
We will meet death. She is not afraid of us.

No, nothing disappears without a trace
The darkness behind the walls of the prison is not eternal.
And the young - someday - will know
How we lived and how we died!

Earth! .. To rest from captivity,
To be free in the draft ...
But the walls freeze over the groans,
The heavy door is locked.

Oh, heaven with a winged soul!
I would give so much for a swing! ..
But the body at the bottom of the casemate
And the captive hands are in chains.

How freedom rains
In happy faces of flowers!
But it goes out under the stone arch
The breath of weakening words.

I know - in the arms of the light
Such a sweet moment of being!
But I'm dying... And this —
My last song.

Musa Jalil was born on February 15, 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg province, in the family of a peasant, Mustafa Zalilov.

Musa Jalil in his youth.

Classmates of Jalil, then still Musa Zalilov, noted that at the beginning of his studies he did not speak Russian very well, but he studied with great diligence.

Musa Jalil with his daughter Chulpak.

In 1939, Jalil and his family moved to Kazan, where he took the position of executive secretary of the Union of Writers of the Tatar ASSR.

On June 22, 1941, Musa and his family were going to a friend's dacha. At the station, he was overtaken by the news of the beginning of the war. The trip was not canceled, but the carefree conversations in the country gave way to talk about what lies ahead for everyone.

At that time, the premiere of the opera "Altynchech" took place in Kazan, the libretto for which was written by Musa Jalil. The writer was released on leave, and he came to the theater in military uniform. After that, the command of the unit found out what kind of fighter they serve. They wanted to demobilize Jalil or leave him in the rear, but he himself opposed attempts to save him: “My place is among the fighters. I have to be at the front and beat the Nazis."

In the spring of 1942, senior political instructor Musa Jalil was among the fighters and commanders of the Second Shock Army who fell into the Nazi encirclement. On June 26, he was wounded and captured. How this happened can be learned from the surviving poem by Musa Jalil, one of those written in captivity:

"What to do?
Refused the word friend-gun.
The enemy has chained my half-dead hands,
The dust has covered my blood trail."

Apparently, the poet was not going to surrender, but fate decided otherwise.

With the rank of political instructor, Musa Jalil could have been shot in the first days of his stay in the camp. However, none of his comrades in misfortune betrayed him.

With the help of Tatar political emigrants during the Civil War, the Nazis hoped to educate former prisoners of war as staunch opponents of the Bolsheviks and Jews.

Candidates for legionnaires were separated from other prisoners of war, freed from hard work, better fed, treated.

The painting by Kharis Abdrakhmanovich Yakupov “Before the Sentence”, which depicts the poet Musa Jalil, who was executed by the Nazis in a Berlin prison in 1944.

It was very hard not to break. Everyone was looking for their own ways to hold on. For Musa Jalil, writing poetry became this way.

The verdict on the underground workers was passed in February 1944, and from that moment on, every day could be their last. Those who knew Musa Jalil said that he was a very cheerful person. But more than the inevitable execution, in prison he was disturbed by the thought that in his homeland they would not know what had become of him, they would not know that he was not a traitor. He handed over his notebooks, written in Moabit, to fellow prisoners, those who did not face the death penalty.

August 25, 1944 underground Musa Jalil, Gainan Kurmashev, Abdullah Alish, Fuat Saifulmulukov, Fuat Bulatov, Garif Shabaev, Akhmet Simaev, Abdulla Battalov, Zinnat Khasanov, Akhat Atnashev And Salim Bukhalov were executed in the Plötzensee prison. The Germans, who were present in the prison and saw them in the last minutes of their lives, said that they behaved with amazing dignity. Assistant Warden Paul Dürrhauer said: "I have not yet seen people go to the place of execution with their heads held high and singing a song at the same time."

No, you're lying, executioner, I won't kneel,
At least throw them into the dungeons, at least sell them into slaves!
I'll die standing without asking for forgiveness
Chop my head with an ax!
I'm sorry that I am those who are related to you,
Not a thousand - only a hundred exterminated.
For this would have his people
I asked for forgiveness on my knees.
Traitor or hero?

The grounds for suspicion were German documents, from which it followed that the "writer Gumerov" voluntarily entered the service of the Germans, joining the Idel-Ural legion. The works of Musa Jalil were forbidden to be published in the USSR, the poet's wife was summoned for interrogation. The competent authorities assumed that he might be on the territory of Germany, occupied by the Western allies, and conduct anti-Soviet activities.

In 1947, a notebook with poems was sent to the USSR from the Soviet consulate in Brussels. These were the poems of Musa Jalil, written in the Moabit prison.

Reproduction of the cover of the "Second Moabit Notebook" by the poet Musa Jalil, handed over to the Soviet embassy by the Belgian Andre Timmermans.

Notepad taken out of jail the poet's roommate, the Belgian Andre Timmermans. A few more notebooks were handed over by former Soviet prisoners of war who were part of the Idel-Ural legion. Some notebooks survived, others then disappeared into the archives of the special services.

As a result, two notebooks containing 93 poems fell into the hands of poet Konstantin Simonov. He organized the translation of poems from Tatar into Russian, combining them into the collection "Moabite Notebook". In 1953, at the initiative of Simonov, an article about Musa Jalil was published in the central press, in which all accusations of treason were removed from him. Some poems written by the poet in prison were also published.

Soon the Moabite Notebook was published as a separate book.

Musa Jalil. Monument in Kazan.

Do not frown, friend - we are only sparks of life,
We are the stars flying in the darkness...
We will go out, but the bright day of the Fatherland
Will rise on our sunny land.

And courage, and loyalty - next to us,
And that's all - than our youth is strong ...
Well, my friend, not with timid hearts
We will meet death. She is not afraid of us.

No, nothing disappears without a trace
The darkness behind the walls of the prison is not eternal.
And the young - someday - will know
How we lived and how we died!

At that time, there was only one nationality in the Land of Soviets - a Soviet person .. Musa Jalil was that Soviet person. Glory to him and eternal memory!

According to open sources

First, a short preface with a digression. The history of this post is not quite ordinary, and I would like to convey this idea that it must be perceived through a huge kaleidoscope of times and events. It happens that some information comes to us in fits and starts, through years and accidents, only in the end folding into a single mosaic dedicated to the human spirit, human overcoming of oneself. The impetus for the end of the long story that preceded this post was my answer to a question in another magazine. Unfortunately, despite the fact that I was waiting for the continuation of the conversation, having prepared many preparations for it, I did not receive an answer. And in order not to lose the material and the time spent on it, I am writing this post.

In part, the theme is connected with the city of my ancestors - Daugavpils, connected with the poet who was there in the same concentration camp with my grandfather ... Musa Jalil wrote piercing poems, accepting his fate with amazing courage. Many articles and books have been written about him, and here I will only talk about the last years of his life and his terrible death in Berlin. Moreover, I will open not the most famous side of the Nazi system of execution of punishments. Impressive people should not read further.

I'll start with how this information came to me. The first memory comes from the 80s - I am 14 years old, after a long break I came to the city of Daugavpils, where almost all of my relatives were born. My now deceased uncle was then proud of the opportunity to show his niece the main attraction of the city - the Dinaburg fortress. It was only a five-minute walk from the house on Cietokshnia (Fortress) Street to the main entrance to the fortress.

I don't have any photographs of the fortress from that time, the ones presented here were taken in April 2007.

Do you notice a small memorial plaque on the building on the right, two hundred meters short of the main entrance to the fortress?

We then approached that memorial plaque.

I have come to this place...

This was the concentration camp...

From 1941 to 1944, parts of the German army were in the fortress. A camp for Soviet prisoners of war "Stalag-340" was organized in the citadel.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1 %81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C

During the Second World War, the territory of the Daugavpils Fortress was turned by the Nazis into a huge Stalag-340 concentration camp, in which the Tatar poet Musa Jalil, who was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, spent two months.
http://www.castle.lv/latvija/daugavpils.html

This is what the text on the board says:

At that time, in my youth, I still did not know anything about who Musa Jalil was. But I remember the name...

We will start from the period when the last path of the poet to his immortality began ...

Musa Jalil in German captivity. Reproduction of a painting by Kharis Yakupov.
Picture from here: http://tatar-gazeta.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=223:2011-02-14-13-12-24&catid=48:2011-01-20-16-24-08

Jalil went through several POW camps and Dinaburg was one of them.

In the casemates of the fortress in September-October 1942, the Hero of the Soviet Union Tatar poet Musa Jalil languished when he, seriously wounded, was captured by the Nazis. In 1975, a memorial plaque dedicated to Musa Jalil was opened on the wall of the barrier gate of the Daugavpils fortress, with a quote from his poem.
http://www.obzor.lt/news/n1658.html

German aerial photography of the fortress:

Initially, in the powder warehouses of the fortress, and then in the vegetable warehouses and stables behind the ramparts of its northern side, a camp for Soviet prisoners of war "Stalag-340" was created. At the gates of the camp hung a poster with a picture of a stick and the inscription "Here is your master!". Below it, on a black board, the date was written daily and the number of prisoners who were in the camp was recorded.
The maintenance of prisoners of war was terrible: the premises were not heated, rotten roofs did not save from the rain. Prisoners were starved, tortured and humiliated, sent to overwork, carried out mass executions. Epidemics raged in the camp. In the winter of 1942-1943, during a typhus epidemic, the death rate in the camp reached up to 900 people a day.
License plate of a prisoner of the Stalag-340 concentration camp A. Pavlov.

The security of Stalag-340 was very well thought out, and therefore escaping from the camp was almost impossible. Escapes were made only while working outside the camp, and there were successful ones among them. Many of the survivors owe their lives to the same prisoner, surgeon A. Gibradze. Working in the camp infirmary, he alleviated the suffering of the wounded, and also delayed information about the dead, thereby allowing 3-4 days to receive extra rations and support the most weakened prisoners. Also in his "operating room" secret meetings were held to organize escapes.
From September to October 1942, the well-known Tatar poet Musa Jalil was a prisoner of the Stalag-340 concentration camp.
http://dinaburgascietoksnis.lcb.lv/satalagru.htm

Running a little ahead in chronology, I want to close the topic of the Dinaburg fortress and quote myself from the ru_monument community during the discussion of the monument to Jalil in his homeland:

By the way, at one time, while collecting information about Musa Jalil, I noticed that almost all Internet sources mention his imprisonment in Moabit, but almost no one mentions that he was in a concentration camp in Latvia - in the fortress of the city of Daugavpils, formerly called the Dinaburg fortress. But the barbed wire of the Kazan monument can be associated precisely with the fences of concentration camps, rather than prisons. The symbolism of the prison on the monument, most likely, can be a lattice. But this is just my opinion.
http://ru-monument.livejournal.com/110710.html

Since then, a lot of information about this side of the poet's biography has appeared on the Internet, but it was not so before...
Frame from the movie "Moabit Notebook":

Two years have passed since I visited the fortress, a period began in the mid-80s, when I was interested in the Second World War, and read a lot on this topic, from the memoirs of Charles de Gaulle to the biography of Richard Sorge. Among other books, I came across a collection of fiction and journalistic works about the war, in which there were these lines:

Sometimes the soul is so hard
That nothing can hit her.
Let the wind of death be colder than ice
He will not disturb the petals of the soul.

A proud smile shines again.
And, forgetting the vanity of the world,
I want again, without knowing the barriers,
Write, write, write without getting tired.

Let my minutes be numbered
Let the executioner wait for me and the grave be dug,
I'm ready for anything. But I still need
White paper and black ink!
"It Happens Sometimes", November 1943

This was my second virtual meeting with Jalil. These verses are so engraved in my memory that I still remember them by heart ...

And from there I learned about the existence of the Moabite Notebook. Would love to read the rest of his work. And this despite the fact that I do not really favor the genre of poetry in my life (however, this is not the place for this conversation). Rather, I wanted to feel what is behind these lines, to understand the best that is hidden in the human soul.

And after some time, when I saw it in the store, I bought this book - there is the "Moabit Notebook" and other works of the poet:

“Moabit Notebook” (Tat. Moabit dəftəre, Moabit dəftəre) is a cycle of poems by the Tatar poet Musa Jalil, written by him in the Moabit prison.
Two notebooks have been preserved containing 93 poems. The poems were written in the Tatar language in the first notebook in Arabic, in the second in Latin script.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1 %8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C

Jalil's "Moabit Notebooks" were included in the list of those books that were created in inhuman conditions and remained for us amazing documents of the power of the human spirit.
http://www.tatshop.ru/component/option,com_virtuemart/page,shop.product_details/product_id,954/category_id,220/Itemid,26/

Poems by Musa Jalil
By clicking on the icon on the right, you can download the sound file in .mp3 format
http://www.tatar.museum.ru/Jalil/lyrics.htm

A film was made about Musa Jalil.
Information about the film "Moabite Notebook" (1968) http://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/3938/annot/

The building of the Criminal Court in Berlin-Moabit:

And Moabit prison itself at that time:

Moabit is a former Berlin prison built in 1888. It is a complex of five four-story buildings connected in the form of a fan. It was badly damaged by the bombings of 1945, in 1962 it was repaired. The Moabit prison is one of the most famous in the world, located in the center of Berlin. Since 2001, it has been part of the Mitte district. In the past, it was notable for torture and unbearable conditions for prisoners. Currently, the German “Moabit” is a pre-trial detention facility for males who have reached the age of 21 and older, in which they are placed by court order.
http://prisonlife.ru/mesta-lishenya-svobodi/229-tyurmy-stolichnye.html

Moabit cannot be compared with another prison of the Third Reich - Plötzensee. But first, a small digression (I quote with abbreviations):

Institute of the Death Penalty in the Third Reich

The execution was carried out by cutting off the head. In the northern regions they practiced the good old ax, in the south they loved the Guillotine more. The sentence was carried out in the nearest prison to the court. In some closed or simply enclosed space, it could also be a prison yard.
Adolf Hitler, at the suggestion of the Minister of Justice Franz Gürtner, settled this moment. If the death sentence is by decapitation, then use the guillotine. Hanging was allowed under the law of 03/29/1933, but until 1942, as if it was not applied.
there was a problem - not every place had its own guillotine. The decapitation device had to be disassembled and transported from place to place, which was not easy given its weight and size of up to 500 kg. It took a lot of time and effort.
The problem was solved by centralizing the places of execution and installing stationary and more standardized and modern small guillotines there.
Prior to this, centralized places for executions were only in Thuringia and Hesse. After Hitler took office, out of 240 places of execution of punishments, 11 places were chosen in 1936, gradually equipped by 1938 with new guillotines and execution rooms. Thus, the execution was no longer carried out in the penitentiary facility closest to the court. And in one of the 11 centers.
By the end of the war, the number of Central Execution Sites had grown to 22.
The increasing number of sentences and the centralization of places of execution led by the end of 1944 to the creation of 10 executioner teams - Scharfrichterkommando, which, on behalf of the Reich Justice Department, were engaged in the enforcement of death sentences in the Reich by beheading. Execution was provided only for the execution of sentences by military courts, but in extreme cases it could also be used for civilians if the guillotine failed or the executioner was unavailable.

The most famous and odious prison where death sentences were carried out was Plötzensee.
From 1890 to 1932 a total of 36 people convicted of murder were executed.
They were executed by an executioner with an ax in the open air in the prison courtyard.
From 1933 to 1945 2,891 executed
Until 1933, only murderers were executed, as well as those who committed serious crimes, such as possession of explosives.
On October 14, 1936, Hitler approved the proposal of the Minister of Justice, Gürtner, that the guillotine should be used in the future for the execution of the death penalty.
In 1937, a guillotine was delivered from the Bruxal (Baden) prison in Plötzensee and installed in a special room.
With the help of the guillotine in 1937, 37 people were executed, in 1938 - 56 people. and in 1939 - 95 people.
The regular executioner received a salary of 3,000 Reichsmarks a year. For each executed, he was entitled to a bonus of 60 Reichsmarks (later - 65 Reichsmarks).
Of the 2,891 people executed in Plötzensee during the years of Nazism, approximately 1,500 people. were convicted by the "People's Court" and about 1,000 people. - special courts.
Some 400 more victims were sentenced to death by military and other courts.
Of the total executed: 677 citizens of Czechoslovakia, 253 citizens of Poland, and 245 French citizens.
http://reibert.info/forum/showthread.php?t=143322

It was in Plötzensee that Musa Jalil was translated...

Another view of the Plötzensee prison, where the execution was to take place:

In Germany, the guillotine was used from the 17th-18th centuries and was the standard type of death penalty until its abolition in 1949. Unlike the French designs, the German guillotine was much lower and had a winch to lift a heavy knife.
In Nazi Germany, guillotining was applied to criminals. An estimated 40,000 people were beheaded in Germany and Austria between 1933 and 1945. This number includes resistance fighters in Germany itself and the countries it occupies. Since the resistance fighters did not belong to the regular army, they were considered common criminals and, in many cases, were taken to Germany and guillotined. Decapitation was considered an "ignoble" form of death, as opposed to execution.
Notable guillotined personalities:
Lubbe, Marinus van der - guillotined for setting fire to the Reichstag in January 1934.
Fucik, Julius - guillotined in the Plötzensee prison in Berlin on September 8, 1943.
Obolenskaya, Vera Apollonovna - guillotined in the Plötzensee prison on August 4, 1944.
Jalil, Musa Mustafovich and his associates were guillotined for participating in an underground organization on August 25, 1944 in the Plötzensee military prison in Berlin.
Klyachkovsky, Stanislav guillotined on charges of attempting to assassinate the Fuhrer Adolf Hitler, in the Plötzensee prison on May 10, 1940.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0

The same guillotine in the Plötzensee prison, as seen by the Soviet troops who liberated Berlin. This small bowl where severed heads should fall... It is difficult to understand how this type of execution could survive until the 20th century.

Jalil knew what awaited him - this is clearly indicated by the lines written by him back in Moabit:

I will not bow my knees, executioner, before you,
Although I am your prisoner, I am a slave in your prison.
My hour will come - I will die. But know that I will die standing,
Although you will cut off my head, villain.

Alas, not a thousand, but only a hundred in battle
I could destroy such executioners.
For this, when I return, I will ask for forgiveness,
I bowed my knees, near my homeland.
November 1943

The last minutes of life have come -
With glory I would finish the fight.
I give to the people and the fatherland
Impulses, inspiration, destiny.

I sang in battle. I never thought
That I'll die a prisoner in a foreign land.
On the chopping block I compose the last song.
Here the ax glittered, but I sing.

The song called me to battle
She taught me how to die boldly.
My life sounded a calling song,
And it will be, my death will sound.
1943

Execution room at Plötzensee Prison
In the Plötzensee prison, the Nazis executed hundreds of German citizens who opposed Hitler, including many participants in the July Plot, which ended in an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944. Berlin, Germany, after the war.

Guillotine in Plötzensee Prison
Military photographer Boris Sokolov: “We went to the Pletzensee prison after we learned that Telman was allegedly executed there. They entered freely, because Berlin had already surrendered, and ended up in a room of torture and executions. There was this guillotine, and next to it was a basket for heads. On the walls, as I remember now, some hooks. I later found out that participants in the assassination attempt on Hitler were hung on them by the chin.

Plötzensee Prison Museum in Berlin - a memorial to the victims of Nazism in Germany
In 1952, by order of the Berlin Senate, a memorial was erected at the site where more than 1,800 people were executed during the Third Reich. In front of the building where the executions were carried out, a memorial stele was erected with the inscription "To the victims of the Nazi dictatorship of 1933-1945."

In the next room is the Museum of the Resistance Movement, dedicated to all those who were executed. In October 2002, a stand dedicated to two Tatar writers, Musa Jalil and Abdulla Alish, entered the museum's exposition. They and 9 Tatar underground workers were executed on August 25, 1944 (case "Kurmashev and ten others").
Julius Leber, Erwin von Witzleben, Julius Fucik, Vera Obolenskaya, Werner von der Schulenburg, Maurice Bavo, Musa Jalil, Johann Nobis, Georg Alexander Hansen, Eugen Boltz, Josef Wirmer, Erich Hoepner, Carl Friedrich Gördeler, Alfred were executed in the Plötzensee Prison. Delp, Paul Lejeune-Jung, Wilhelm Leuschner, Rudolf von Maronya-Redwitz, Helmut James von Moltke, Johannes Popitz, Erich Felgiebel, Ulrich von Hassel, Ilse Stöbe, Karl von Stülpnagel, Kurt Schulze, Harro Schulze-Boysen, Arvid Harnack.
http://leningradblokada.ru/vermacht/erich-g-pner.html

A few more links about the Plötzensee victims...

For participation in an underground organization, Musa Jalil was executed by guillotine on August 25, 1944 in the Plötzensee prison in Berlin.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CC%F3%F1%E0_%C4%E6%E0%EB%E8%EB%FC

Despite the physical measures applied to her during interrogations, Stöbe did not extradite anyone and was executed by guillotine in the Plötzensee hard labor prison in Berlin.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%F2%B8%E1%E5%2C_%C8%EB%FC%E7%E0

July 20, 1944 Hoepner was arrested as a conspirator against Hitler, August 8, 1944 sentenced to death and hanged in Plötzensee prison in Berlin. Colonel-General Erich Gepner (Hoepner, Erich) during the trial on July 20, 1944.
http://leningradblokada.ru/vermacht/erich-g-pner.html

It is known that a mullah came to Jalil and his comrades, who later left his memories.

Many, after reading these memoirs, may think that Musa and his comrades were shot, and not beheaded. How can you not believe it, because the mullah himself swore by the Koran! However, let's not rush to conclusions, let's think together.
Mullah Usman himself was not present during the execution. He only assumes. “Because,” he says, “they are soldiers, they don’t hang soldiers, they shoot soldiers, it’s like that in all countries ...”. And he is deeply mistaken. In fascist Germany, especially since July 1944, after the assassination attempt on Hitler, the military was punished in different ways: they were shot, they were hanged, and sometimes their heads were cut off. (This is exactly what they did with those who attempted on the Fuhrer.)
The prison pastor mentioned by the mullah, Pastor Yurytko, survived. I had corresponded with him many years before. Although he himself was not present at the execution, he remembers Musa and his comrades well. According to him, they were hanged.
Such different versions are natural, because the Nazis did not let anyone close during the execution. This abomination was carried out behind closed doors. The place of execution - a one-story gloomy building (it has survived to this day) - is located a little further from the Plötzensee prison yard. There the prisoners were shot and hanged and their heads cut off.
And if so, the only source that can be trusted is only a document, an act drawn up by the executioners themselves. The originals of these documents are still kept in the archives of the Plötzensee prison. No one expressed doubts about their authenticity. According to these documents, the Dzhalilevites were executed by cutting off their heads on the guillotine on August 25, 1944 between 12.06 and 12.36.

Musa Jalil never found out that he would be considered an enemy of his homeland, and justice would prevail only in 1953 ... Although already in 1945 there were testimonies of his feat:

On the way to the Reichstag stood Moabit. This is the center of Berlin, this is a prison. As soon as the soldiers of our 150th rifle division made their way to this area, the multi-storey mass of Moabit bristled with machine guns, machine guns, and mortars.
http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/5072/

In May 1945, one of the divisions of the Soviet troops that stormed Berlin broke into the courtyard of the Nazi prison Moabit. There was no one there - no guards, no prisoners. The wind carried scraps of papers and rubbish across the empty yard. One of the fighters drew attention to a piece of paper with familiar Russian letters. He picked it up, smoothed it out (it turned out to be a page torn from some German book) and read the following lines:
“I, the well-known Tatar writer Musa Jalil, have been imprisoned in the Moabit prison as a prisoner on political charges, and I will probably be shot soon. If any of the Russians get this recording, let them say hello from me to my fellow writers in Moscow.
Then came the enumeration of the names of the writers to whom the poet sent his last greetings, and the address of the family.
Thus, the first news about the deed of the Tatar patriot poet came to his homeland.
Shortly after the end of the war, in a roundabout way, through France and Belgium, the poet's songs also returned - two small homemade notebooks containing about a hundred poems. These poems are now world famous.
On February 2, 1956, for the exceptional stamina and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, senior political officer Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And in 1957, for the cycle of poems "Moabit Notebook" he - the first among poets - was awarded the Lenin Prize.
http://soyuz-pisatelei.ru/forum/6-1101-1

Plötzensee prison today:

In 1952, the Berlin Senate created a memorial site at the site where more than 1,800 people were executed for political reasons under National Socialism. The room where executions used to take place is located behind the wall of honor. The inscription on it reads: "To the victims of the Nazi dictatorship of 1933-1945."
The writer R. Mustafin describes this hall as follows: “Bare walls, a gray cement floor ... Part of the wall is finished with white tiles to make it easier to wash off the blood. Taps were also connected here, to which a rubber hose was attached. Several strong iron hooks were embedded in the wall nearby. The guillotine was removed ".
The next room now houses the Resistance Museum, dedicated to all those executed in the Plötzensee prison. In October 2002, a stand dedicated to two writers, M. Jalil and A. Alish, was opened here. The Plötzensee Memorial Center commemorating the victims of National Socialism is a site of quiet remembrance. http://www.ww2museums.com/article/3005/Pl%F6tzensee-Memorial-Center.htm

And against the background of all this, I am ashamed that my country has such a reputation that such questions can be asked about it:

And one more disturbing question: In Latvia, during the Soviet period of history, on one of the bastions of the Daugavpils fortress, where M. Jalil languished in September-October 1942, a memorial plaque was opened in three languages: Tatar, Russian and Latvian. From newspaper publications, television reports, we know about the attitude of the Latvian state towards the participants in the Great Patriotic War. Perhaps the commemorative plaque no longer exists? Do you have information about this fact?
There were no reports of the plaque being destroyed. In Germany, the graves of Soviet soldiers are kept in good condition, I hope that this will be the case in Latvia as well.
http://www.mi.ru/~rdbrt97/v1_st5.html

Everything is in order with the board, now delegations from Tatarstan, Lithuania and other places come to it, lay wreaths ...
The horror of Nazism should never be repeated - it seems to me that everyone understands this these days ...

How hard it is to part, knowing
That you will never meet a friend again.
And you only have wealth -
Only this friendship and love!
The poem "Parting", dated October 1942.

TO THE HERITAGE OF THE POET-HERO - "GREEN STREET"

In the Moabit Notebook, Musa Jalil wrote that he hoped through poetry to return to his homeland, to his people, to make his very death sound like a song of struggle. These hopes came true. The name of Musa Jalil, his books are close and dear to millions of people today, helping them in their struggle for a better future. But have we done everything to create a "green light" for the poet-hero's creations on the way to readers, in order to truly acquaint them with his work, life and feat?

For the first time in 1935, a small collection of the Tatar poet Musa Jalil was published in Russian. Only 19 poems written in 1927 - 1933. Circulation 3000. But in a large stream of poetic literature, this collection did not go unnoticed by critics. Soon, a review appeared in the Moscow magazine "Fiction" (1935, N 9), the author of which, S. Gamalov, saw from the first translations of the poet's poems what constitutes the core of all Musa Jalil's poetry:
"A small book of poems by Musa Jalil will bring great joy to the Soviet reader with genuine poetry, combining iron will with soft lyricism, great anger with tender love."

In subsequent years, such significant works by Jalil as the poems "Letter-bearer", "Altynchech" and others were published in the Tatar language. These are the years of the poet's maturity. Interest in his work and social activities is growing. In March 1941, the Kazan periodical press celebrated the 20th anniversary of Jalil's career and the completion of work on the libretto of the first Soviet Tatar operas "Altynchech" and "Lachynnar" ("Falcons"), written by him. However, the poet did not manage to attend the premieres of operas: since July 1941 he has been in the ranks of the Soviet Army.

Before moving on to the tragic events in the life of Musa Jalil, I want to offer readers one of my favorite poems of my school years, which still sounds fresh, lively and interesting today.

Love and Runny nose

I remember the youth of the year
Dating and quarrels.
I loved deathly then
Beauty from the office.
And, as I would say
The poet, eschewing prose,
My love is on fire
Flowers gave in the cold.
I grabbed a runny nose at that time
And, as if in punishment,
I forgot my scarf, friends,
Going on a date.
Goodbye love! Success is dead!
Sitting. It pours from the nose.
And the nose, as if to sin,
Bottomless well.
What should I do? What to do?
Not a runny nose, but an element.
"My soul" - I want to say
And I say: "Ahchi!" - I.
Why do I suffer?
I started to shy, I confess.
I want to say "I love you"
But I can not - I blow my nose.
And now, brought to tears,
I sighed very passionately
But my relentless nose
Here he whistled ugly.
Love and runny nose do not want
Get along with each other.
And though it's not my fault,
I'm about to choke.
I did not expect such nonsense!
Again tickles in the throat.
-I...I...apchi...you...apchi...-
What do you say to this beauty?
I took my friend by the hand
I dared to confess
But there was a bubble - so that it was gone! -
Inflate under the nose.
I look: the girl frowns.
And of course I realized
That, like a bubble, her love
It's gone forever here.
And I hear, shrinking from shame:
- You don't know much about love.
Before you go here
I would wipe my nose first.
She left. What a disgrace!
And me with a sad look
Went (verdict signed)
To the pharmacist for poison.
- Shed, beauty, plenty of tears
You are for my ordeals! -
I brought home in a bottle...
Cold medicine.
And I have not met, my friends,
Since then, she has never.
That's how I healed in life
From two diseases at once.

Musa Mustafovich Zalilov, senior political instructor, war correspondent for the army newspaper Courage, Tatar Soviet poet, was born in 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Sharlyksky district, Orenburg region, into a peasant family. Tatar. Member of the Komsomol since 1919, CPSU since 1929. He studied at a Soviet party school in Orenburg, was a fighter of a special purpose unit. After graduating from the Tatrab Faculty, he worked as an instructor in the Orsk district committee of the Komsomol, then in the Orenburg provincial committee of the Komsomol. In 1927 he was elected a member of the bureau of the Tatar-Bashkir section under the Central Committee of the Komsomol. Later he moved to Moscow, worked and at the same time studied in absentia at the Faculty of Literature of Moscow State University, from which he graduated in 1931.

In the prewar years, Jalil lived in Kazan and worked as chairman of the Writers' Union of Tatarstan. On the second day of the war, Musa arrived at the draft board and asked to be sent to the front. In July 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from a six-month course for political workers and, with the rank of senior political instructor, was sent to the Volkhov Front. Until July 1942, he worked as a war correspondent for the army newspaper Courage.

1942 Harsh front-line everyday life began. Jalil was at the forefront all the time, where it was difficult. Fighting friends who fought with him remember how bravely the senior political instructor fought on the Volkhov front, being a war correspondent for the newspaper Courage.

On June 26, 1942, the Nazis fired continuously at our positions. The enemy threw more and more reinforcements into the attack.
The forces were too unequal. In heavy defensive battles, the troops of the Volkhov Front had difficulty holding back the onslaught of the Nazis. Soldiers and commanders fought heroically for every meter of land. In one of the counterattacks near the village of Myasnoy Bor, Musa Jalil was seriously wounded. He lay in a cuvette, which quickly filled with water. In an unconscious state, Musa was taken prisoner, for a long time he was on the verge of life and death. It was taken out by prisoners of war who knew their poet well.
Later, Musa Jalil was thrown into the camp, then prisons, fascist dungeons went: Moabit, Spandau, Pletzensee.

In a camp near Radom, in Poland, Jalil led an underground organization of prisoners of war. The Nazis at that time wanted to create special legions from among the prisoners of non-Russian nationality. The legion, formed near Radom, was sent to the front, but in the Gomel region it turned its weapons against the Nazis. With the help of a traitor, the Gestapo managed to uncover an underground organization. Jalil and his fighting friends were arrested and sent to the Moabit prison. But neither torture nor death row broke Musa. Jalil remained a Soviet poet to the end. On scraps of paper, with a pencil stub, he wrote poems, as he himself put it, "on the chopping block under the executioner's ax", filled with a thirst for freedom and a passionate call to fight against fascism.
Heroism is the essence of Jalil's poetry. He himself died as a hero - without bowing his head, unconquered. He was executed on August 25, 1944 in a military prison in Berlin.

Streets, a ship, a young city in Tatarstan are named after Jalil. A monument was erected in Kazan. A memorial plaque was installed on the building of the ukom in Orsk, where Jalil worked. An opera, a novel, dozens of poems and poems have been written about the Hero.

Pages from the diary of M. Jalil

I'm not afraid of death. This is not an empty phrase when we say that we despise death. It really is. A great feeling of patriotism, a full consciousness of one's social duty kill fear.

When the thought of death comes, you think like this: there is still life after death, not “life in the next world”, which the priests and mullahs preached, but life in the minds, in the memory of the people. If I did something important that people needed, then I deserved this other life - "life after death." They will remember me, talk about me, write about me. If I deserve it, then why be afraid of death! The purpose of life is precisely this: to live in such a way that after death you do not die.

So I think: if I die in the Patriotic War, showing courage, then this death is not at all bad. After all, someday, according to the law of nature, my existence will end, the thread of my life will break. If they don't kill me, I'll die in bed. Yes, of course, then, perhaps, I will die at a ripe old age, and in the 30-40 years remaining until that moment, I will be able to create good things, bring a lot of benefits to society. This, of course, is correct. To live more means to work more, to bring more benefit to society. Therefore, not fearing death does not mean at all that we do not want to live and therefore despise death. And if this death is necessary, if it can bring as much benefit as 30-40 years of working life until old age, then there is no need to be afraid that I died early.

"He lived and worked for the Motherland, and when it was necessary - he died for the Motherland." And such death is already the immortality of man!

If you think like that, death is not terrible at all. But we not only reason, but also feel, feel. And this means that such a consciousness has entered into our character, into our blood ... "

A few years ago, a very thick package from Germany arrived at the Union of Writers of the Republic of Tatarstan. It contained several manuscripts relating to Musa Jalil and his comrades. Among them were also the memories of a certain Anvar Galim. In Berlin, A. Galim often met and communicated closely with Musa Jalil and his comrades. In the summer of 1945, he was in their prison, where he met with Mullah Usman, who came before the execution to say goodbye to the Tatar prisoners with the Koran. Mulla Usman was captured in Germany during the First World War. Later he started a family here and stayed to live. During the Second World War, he served as a mullah in the Tatar committee. He also knew Musa Jalil and his comrades well. We invite readers to get acquainted with the memoirs of Mullah Usman, recorded by A. Galim after their meeting in Berlin. The translation is published for the first time.

The author of the published memoirs, Anvar Galim (real name Anvar Aidagulov, other pseudonyms A. Hamidi, R. Karimi), just before the war, graduated from the department of the Tatar language and literature of the Kazan Pedagogical Institute. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was drafted into the army and was captured during fierce battles. First, he is in various prisoner-of-war camps, then he is transferred to Berlin. After the war, he worked in Munich as the editor of the Vatan (Motherland) magazine, as well as an announcer-commentator at the Azatlyk radio station. Having reached retirement age, Anwar Galim moved to the United States of America. He died in New York on March 3, 1988.

Rafael MUSTAFIN
writer

Death Quran:

The mystery of the death of Musa Jalil and his associates.

Memoirs of Usman, son of Galim, recorded by Anwar Galim

“To be imprisoned for political reasons in any country, especially in wartime, is an ordeal. No state tolerates actions directed against it. That is why I assumed that the position of Musa and his comrades would not be easy. And so it happened. When they were shot, I was also called in as a Muslim cleric.

I can't forget that day. Yes, it is impossible to forget him. On August 20 last year (1944), Shafi called me and said: “On August 25, the death sentence for Musa and his comrades will be carried out, your presence is needed, the Chief Mufti informed about this.” That day, early in the morning, I went to the Plötzensee prison and first spoke with the prison pastor. The pastor was glad to see me. He informed me that the Tatars would be shot at 12 o'clock. According to the pastor, the Tatars sentenced to death are in one large room, and they could not believe that they would be shot. They always received the pastor warmly and expressed their complaints to him.

At about 11 o'clock the pastor and I went to the condemned Tatars. Since I visited the prisoners sentenced to death for the first time, I was confused, did not know what to say ... It seemed to me that any of my words would be out of place. Everything is clear: everyone drooped, everyone was at a loss, in confusion. When I entered, everyone raised their heads and looked at me. It seemed to me that they didn’t want to talk to me… Waiting for the last minutes of life was infinitely difficult. I was trembling, first cold, then hot.

First I handed the Koran to Alish and whispered something to him (I don’t remember exactly what). He slowly got up, put his hand on the Koran and wept. Everyone experienced mental anguish. I speak sincerely, because, according to the pastor, the prisoners were not subjected to such barbarism as beatings and torture.

I approached Garif Shabaev and handed him the Koran. When he put his hand on him, I asked: "Didn't they torture you?" He replied: "No, there was no torture." I approached everyone, held out the Koran, and everyone, putting their hand on it, said: “Forgive me, goodbye” Ahmet Simai put his hand on his shoulder and said: “Usman Efendi, we didn’t expect it to be like this, we didn’t expect it.” The last person I approached was Musa. I handed him the Koran. He put his hand and whispered: "Goodbye, this is fate, we did not think that we would be killed."

Mullah Usman's words were news to me. I wanted to ask him more about this, but somehow I could not: my lips did not obey me. At that moment, Mrs. Louise (wife of Mullah Usman, German by nationality - ed.) came in and called Mullah Usman for dinner. I bowed my head and left...

Comments

Many, after reading these memoirs, may think that Musa and his comrades were SHOT, and not cut off their heads. How can you not believe it, because the mullah himself swore by the Koran! However, let's not rush to conclusions, let's think together.

Mullah Usman himself was not present during the execution. He only assumes. “Because,” he says, “they are soldiers, they don’t hang soldiers, they shoot soldiers, it’s like that in all countries ...”. And he is deeply mistaken. In fascist Germany, especially since July 1944, after the assassination attempt on Hitler, the military was punished in different ways: they were shot, they were hanged, and sometimes their heads were cut off. (This is exactly what they did with those who attempted on the Fuhrer.)

The prison pastor mentioned by the mullah, Pastor Yurytko, survived. I had corresponded with him many years before. Although he himself was not present at the execution, he remembers Musa and his comrades well. According to him, they were HANGED.

Such different versions are natural, because the Nazis did not let anyone close during the execution. This abomination was carried out behind closed doors. The place of execution - a one-story gloomy building (it has survived to this day) - is located a little further from the Plötzensee prison yard. There the prisoners were shot and hanged and their heads cut off.

And if so, the only source that can be trusted is only a document, an act drawn up by the executioners themselves.
The originals of these documents are still kept in the archives of the Plötzensee prison. No one expressed doubts about their authenticity. According to these documents, the Dzhalilevites were executed by chopping off their heads on the GUILLOTINE on August 25, 1944 between 12.06 and 12.36.

The second tricky question concerns the faith of Jalil and his comrades in Allah. Mulla Usman believes that they could not accept the mullah and not talk to him because they are communists. But after the convicts said goodbye, putting their hands on the Koran, he concludes: “Apparently, their communism has been defeated.” By the way, it was this fact that prevented the publication of these memoirs. We, emphasizing the courage and heroism of the Dzhalilevites, on the one hand, it turns out, completely forgot about the other side. Yes, they really held out courageously, fought tirelessly against the Nazis in the most difficult conditions. They secretly organized a society, distributed leaflets. (In the memoirs of Anvar Galim, this is also mentioned.)

But they are also real people! They were all young, around the age of 25-27, and all faced death. The oldest among them, Musa, was 38 years old.
Naturally, before death, people find themselves in confusion, confusion, depression, say goodbye to life with the Koran in their hands ... Is this their weakness or humanity? Looks like the last one...

We must not forget that the mother of Musa Jalil Rahim apa was the daughter of a mullah. In their house in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg region, in addition to the Koran, there were many religious books. Therefore, Musa was brought up in the spirit of Islam from childhood. In the Orenburg Khusainia madrasah, like everyone else, he studied religious subjects and, according to his comrades, knew by heart some suras of the Koran. Indeed, in the Soviet era, Jalil was a member of the Komsomol, then he joined the Communist Party, renounced religion, opposed it. However, at the hour of death, he returned to religion, apparently, faith still lived in him, despite the outward renunciation.

Musa Jalil and his associates.

One more explanation needs to be made here. Mulla Usman, relying on the words of the pastor, says that there was no rough treatment of prisoners, beatings or torture. Even Garif Shabai answered his question: “No, there was no torture.” Perhaps, in due time, we slightly embellished this side. In reality, it was different: someone was beaten, someone was tortured, someone was not.
Many saw that Musa was returning from interrogations beaten, exhausted. I saw with my own eyes the red stripes from the whip on the back of Rushat Khisametdinov, who was arrested along with Musa, and miraculously survived. A lot depended on who would behave and how, what investigator he would get to...

After the death of Mullah Usman, the mentioned Koran was first in Germany, then passed to the storage in the hands of the Tatars living in America. During the days of the First World Congress of Tatars, this sacred book was brought to Kazan by our compatriot and handed over to the famous scientist Mirkasym Usmanov. He donated the book to Musa Jalil's museum. Now the Koran is the most valuable exhibit of the museum.

Watch in advance "Logicology - about the fate of man".

Consider the FULL NAME code tables. \If there is a shift in numbers and letters on your screen, adjust the image scale\.

9 10 22 32 44 59 62 75 95 113 114 127 147 165 184 185 206 221 224 234 258
Z A L I L O V M U S A M U S T A F O V I C
258 249 248 236 226 214 199 196 183 163 145 144 131 111 93 74 73 52 37 34 24

13 33 51 52 65 85 103 122 123 144 159 162 172 196 205 206 218 228 240 255 258
M U S A M U S T A F O V I C Z A L I L O V
258 245 225 207 206 193 173 155 136 135 114 99 96 86 62 53 52 40 30 18 3

MUSA MUSTAFOVICH ZALILOV = 258.

(on) M (fiery) U (biy) S (tv) + (n) AM (fierny) U (biy) S (tv) + (ka) TA (stro) F (a) + (from shot) OV + (probes) I (t) H (erep) + FOR (str) LI (whether in go) LOV (y)

258 \u003d, M, U, C, +, AM, U, C, +, TA, F, +, OV +, I, H, + FOR, LI, LOV,.

5 8 9 14 37 38 57 86 102 134 153 168 174 175 178 182 202 220 239 240
TW A D T A T F F I T O E A V G U S T A
240 235 232 231 226 203 202 183 154 138 106 87 72 66 65 62 58 38 20 1

"Deep" decryption offers the following options, in which all columns match:

(from evil) D (eist) VA (stop ser) DCA + (death) Th + P (st) I (mi) (kill) T + (bullet) OE (r) A (nenie) V G (ol) U + (o) CTA (new heart)

240 \u003d, D, VA, DCA +, Th + P, I, T +, OE, A, V G, +, STA, ...

(pre) D (deliberate) (kill) B (o) + (stop) A (ser) DCA + (death) T + P (st) I (mi) (kill) T + (bullet) OE (r) A (nenie) V G (tin) U + (o) STA (new heart)

240 \u003d, D, V, A, DCA +, T + P, I, T +, OE, A, V G, +, STAT, ...

Code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE: 123-THIRTY + 84-EIGHT = 207.

19 36 46 51 74 75 94 123 126 141 159 165 178 207
THIRTY EIGHT
207 188 171 161 156 133 132 113 84 81 66 48 42 29

"Deep" decryption offers the following option, in which all columns match:

(high) TR (elam) AND (ser) DCA (death) Th + (kill) VO + (for) C (trel) E (n) + (s) M (ert) b

207 \u003d, TR, I, DCA, T +, IN +, C, E, +, M, b.

We look at the column in the lower table of the FULL NAME code:

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