Why did the swastika become a symbol of fascism? Vedic symbols of the Slavic-Aryans and their meaning

Swastika (Skt. स्वस्तिक from Skt. स्वस्ति , svasti, greeting, good luck) - a cross with curved ends (“rotating”), directed clockwise (卐) or counterclockwise (卍). The swastika is one of the most ancient and widespread graphic symbols.

The swastika was used by many peoples of the world - it was present on weapons, everyday items, clothing, banners and coats of arms, and was used in the decoration of churches and houses. The oldest archaeological finds depicting the swastika date back to approximately 10-15 millennium BC.

The swastika as a symbol has many meanings, for most peoples all of them were positive. For most ancient peoples, the swastika was a symbol of the movement of life, the Sun, light and prosperity.

Occasionally, the swastika is also used in heraldry, mainly English, where it is called fylfot and is usually depicted with shortened ends.

In the Vologda region, where swastika patterns and signs are extremely widespread, village elders in the 50s said that the word swastika is a Russian word that comes from sva- (one’s own, following the example of a matchmaker, brother-in-law, etc.) -isti- or there is, I exist, with the addition of the particle -ka, which must be understood as reducing the meaning of the main word (river - river, stove - stove, etc.), that is, a sign. Thus, the word swastika, in this etymology, means a sign of “one’s own,” and not someone else’s. What was it like for our grandfathers, from the same Vologda region, to see the sign “our own” on the banners of their worst enemy.

Near the constellation Ursa Major (Dr. Makosh) highlight the constellation Swastikas, which to date is not included in any astronomical atlas.

Constellation swastikas in the upper left corner of the image of the star map in the Earth's sky

The main human energy centers, called chakras in the East, were previously called swastikas in the territory of modern Rus': the oldest amulet symbol of the Slavs and Aryans, a symbol of the eternal circulation of the Universe. The swastika reflects the Highest Heavenly Law, to which all things are subject. This fire sign was used by people as a talisman that protects the existing order in the Universe.

Swastika in the cultures of countries and peoples

The swastika is one of the most archaic sacred symbols, found already in the Upper Paleolithic among many peoples of the world. India, ancient Rus', China, Ancient Egypt, the Mayan state in Central America - this is the incomplete geography of this symbol. Swastika symbols were used to designate calendar signs back in the days of the Scythian kingdom. The swastika can be seen on old Orthodox icons. The swastika is a symbol of the Sun, good luck, happiness, creation (the “correct” swastika). And, accordingly, the swastika in the opposite direction symbolizes darkness, destruction, the “night Sun” among the ancient Russians. As can be seen from ancient ornaments, in particular on jugs found in the vicinity of Arkaim, both swastikas were used. This has deep meaning. Day follows night, light follows darkness, rebirth follows death - and this is the natural order of things in the Universe. Therefore, in ancient times there were no “bad” and “good” swastikas - they were perceived in unity.

This symbol was found on clay vessels from Samarra (the territory of modern Iraq), which date back to the 5th millennium BC. The swastika in levorotatory and dextrorotatory forms is found in the pre-Aryan culture of Mohenjo-Daro (Indus River basin) and ancient China around 2000 BC. In Northeast Africa, archaeologists have found a funerary stele from the kingdom of Meroz, which existed in the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. The fresco on the stele depicts a woman entering into afterworld, the deceased also has a swastika on her clothes. The rotating cross also decorates golden weights for scales that belonged to the inhabitants of Ashanta (Ghana), and clay utensils of the ancient Indians, and Persian carpets. The swastika was on almost all amulets of the Slavs, Germans, Pomors, Skalvi, Curonians, Scythians, Sarmatians, Mordovians, Udmurts, Bashkirs, Chuvash and many other peoples. In many religions, the swastika is an important religious symbol.

Children light oil lamps during Diwali on New Year's Eve.

The swastika in India has traditionally been viewed as a solar sign - a symbol of life, light, generosity and abundance. She was closely connected with the cult of the god Agni. She is mentioned in the Ramayana. Was made in the shape of a swastika wooden instrument to produce the sacred fire. They laid him flat on the ground; the depression in the middle served for a rod, which was rotated until a fire appeared, lit on the altar of the deity. It was carved in many temples, on rocks, on ancient monuments of India. Also a symbol of esoteric Buddhism. In this aspect it is called the “Seal of the Heart” and, according to legend, was imprinted on the heart of the Buddha. Her image is placed on the hearts of initiates after their death. Known as the Buddhist cross (shape similar to the Maltese cross). The swastika is found wherever there are traces of Buddhist culture - on rocks, in temples, stupas and on Buddha statues. Together with Buddhism, it penetrated from India to China, Tibet, Siam and Japan.

In China, the swastika is used as a symbol of all the deities worshiped in the Lotus School, as well as in Tibet and Siam. In ancient Chinese manuscripts it included such concepts as “region” and “country”. Known in the form of a swastika are two curved mutually truncated fragments of a double helix, expressing the symbolism of the relationship between “Yin” and “Yang”. In maritime civilizations, the double helix motif was an expression of the relationship between opposites, a sign of the Upper and Lower Waters, and also signified the process of the formation of life. Widely used by Jains and followers of Vishnu. In Jainism, the four arms of the swastika represent the four levels of existence. On one of the Buddhist swastikas, each blade of the cross ends with a triangle indicating the direction of movement and crowned with the arch of the flawed moon, in which the sun is placed, like in a boat. This sign represents the sign of the mystical arba, the creative quaternary, also called the hammer of Thor. A similar cross was found by Schliemann during the excavations of Troy.

Greek helmet with swastika, 350-325 BC from Taranto, found in Herculanum. Cabinet of medals. Paris.

Swastika on Russian territory

A special type of swastika, symbolizing the rising Sun-Yarila, the victory of Light over Darkness, Eternal life over death, was called brace(lit. "rotation of the wheel", Old Church Slavonic form Kolovrat was also used in Old Russian).

The swastika was used in rituals and construction. So, in particular, many ancient Slavic settlements had the shape of a swastika, oriented to the four cardinal directions. The swastika was often the main element of Proto-Slavic ornaments.

According to archaeological excavations, some ancient cities in Russia were built in this way. Such a circular structure can be observed, for example, in Arkaim - one of the famous and oldest buildings in Russia. Arkaim was built according to a pre-designed plan as a single complex complex, moreover, oriented towards astronomical objects with the greatest accuracy. The design formed by the four entrances in the outer wall of Arkaim is a swastika. Moreover, the swastika is “correct”, that is, directed towards the Sun.

The swastika was also used by the peoples of Russia in homespun production: in embroidery on clothes, on carpets. Household utensils were decorated with swastikas. She was also present on the icons.

In light of the often heated and controversial discussions around the ancient symbol of Russian National Culture - the Gammatic Cross (Yarga-Swastika), it is necessary to recall that it was one of the symbols of the struggle against the centuries-old oppression of the Russian people. Not many people know that many centuries ago “the Lord God indicated to Emperor Constantine the Great that with the cross he would win... only with Christ and precisely with the Cross would the Russian People defeat all their enemies and finally throw off the hated yoke of the Jews! But the Cross with which the Russian People will win is not simple, but, as usual, golden, but for the time being it is hidden from many Russian Patriots under the rubble of lies and slander.” In news reports based on the books of Kuznetsov V.P. “The history of the development of the shape of the cross.” M. 1997; Kutenkova P. I. “Yarga-swastika - a sign of Russian folk culture” St. Petersburg. 2008; Bagdasarov R. “The Mysticism of the Fiery Cross” M. 2005, talks about the place in the culture of the Russian People of the most blessed cross - the swastika. The swastika cross has one of the most perfect forms and contains in graphic form the entire mystical secret of God's Providence and the entire dogmatic completeness of Church teaching.

Icon "Symbol of Faith"

Swastika in the RSFSR

It is necessary to remind and remember from now on that “Russians are the third Chosen People of God ( “The Third Rome is Moscow, the Fourth will not happen”); swastika - a graphic depiction of the entire mystical mystery of God's Providence, and the entire dogmatic completeness of Church teaching; The Russian People are under the sovereign hand of the victorious Tsar from the Reigning House of Romanov, who swore to God in 1613 to be faithful until the end of time and this people will defeat all their enemies under the banners on which the swastika - the gammatic cross - will develop under the face of the Savior Not Made by Hands! In the State Emblem, the swastika will also be placed on a large crown, which symbolizes the power of the Anointed Tsar both in the earthly Church of Christ and in the Kingdom of God’s Chosen Russian People.”

In 3-2 millennia BC. e. swastika braiding is found on Eneolithic ceramics from the Tomsk-Chulym region and on gold and bronze items of the Slavs found in the burial mounds of the Stavropol region in the Kuban. In the second half of the 4th millennium BC. e. swastika symbols are common in the North Caucasus (where the Sumerians - the Proto-Slavs - come from) in the form of huge models of the Sun-mounds. In plan, the mounds represent already known varieties of swastikas. Only magnified thousands of times. At the same time, a swastika ornament in the form of a wickerwork is often found at the Neolithic sites of the Kama region and the Northern Volga region. A swastika on a clay vessel found in Samara also dates back to 4000 BC. e. At the same time, a four-pointed zoomorphic swastika is depicted on a vessel from the area between the Prut and Dniester rivers. In the 5th millennium BC. e. Slavic religious symbols - swastikas - are ubiquitous. Anatolian dishes depict a centripetal rectangular swastika surrounded by two circles of fish and long-tailed birds. Spiral-shaped swastikas were found in Northern Moldova, as well as in the area between the Seret and Stryp rivers and in the Moldavian Carpathian region. In the 6th millennium BC. e. swastikas are common on spindle whorls in Mesopotamia, in the Neolithic culture of Tripoli-Cucuteni, on the bowls of Samara, etc. In the 7th millennium BC. e. Slavic swastikas are inscribed on clay seals of Anatolia and Mesopotamia.

An ornamental swastika net was found in stamps and on a bracelet made from mammoth bone in Myozin, Chernigov region. And this is a find from the 23rd millennium BC! And 35-40 thousand years ago, the Neanderthals who inhabited Siberia, as a result of two to three million years of adaptation, acquired the appearance of Caucasians, as evidenced by the teeth of adolescents discovered in the Altai caves of Denisov, named after Okladchikov and in the village of Sibiryachikha. And these anthropological studies were carried out by the American anthropologist K. Turner.

Swastikas in post-imperial Russia

In Russia, the swastika first appeared in official symbols in 1917 - it was then, on April 24, that the Provisional Government issued a decree on the release of new banknotes in denominations of 250 and 1000 rubles. The peculiarity of these bills was that they had an image of a swastika. Here is a description of the front side of the 1000-ruble banknote given in paragraph No. 128 of the Senate resolution of June 6, 1917:

“The main pattern of the grid consists of two large oval guilloche rosettes - right and left... In the center of each of both large rosettes there is a geometric pattern formed by crosswise intersecting wide stripes, bent at right angles, at one end to the right, and at the other to the left... The intermediate background between both large rosettes is filled with a guilloche pattern, and the center of this background is occupied by a geometric ornament of the same pattern as in both rosettes, but of a larger size.”

Unlike the 1,000-ruble banknote, the 250-ruble banknote had only one swastika - in the center behind the eagle. From the banknotes of the Provisional Government, the swastika migrated to the first Soviet banknotes. True, in in this case this was caused by production necessity, and not by ideological considerations: the Bolsheviks, who were preoccupied with issuing their own money in 1918, simply took ready-made cliches of new banknotes (5,000 and 10,000 rubles) that were being prepared for release in 1918, created by order of the Provisional Government . Kerensky and his comrades were unable to print these banknotes due to known circumstances, but the leadership of the RSFSR found the clichés useful. Thus, swastikas were present on Soviet banknotes of 5,000 and 10,000 rubles. These banknotes were in circulation until 1922.

The Red Army also used swastikas. In November 1919, the commander of the South-Eastern Front V.I. Shorin issued order No. 213, which introduced a new sleeve insignia for Kalmyk formations. The appendix to the order also included a description of the new sign: “Rhombus measuring 15x11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which is “LYUNGTN” with the inscription “R. S.F.S.R. “Star diameter - 15 mm, wreath 6 cm, size “LYUNGTN” - 27 mm, letter - 6 mm. The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled. The star, “lyungtn” and the wreath ribbon are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers - yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are in silver (for Red Army soldiers - in white paint).” The mysterious abbreviation (if it is, of course, an abbreviation at all) LYUNGTN precisely denoted the swastika.

Over the course of a number of years, the author’s collection was replenished, and in 1971 a full-fledged book on vexillology was prepared, supplemented by historical background information explaining the evolution of flags. The book was equipped with an alphabetical index of country names in Russian and English. The book was designed by artists B. P. Kabashkin, I. G. Baryshev and V. V. Borodin, who painted flags specifically for this publication.

Although almost two years passed from being type-set (December 17, 1969) to being signed for printing (September 15, 1971), and the text of the book was as ideologically verified as possible, a disaster happened. When receiving signal copies of the finished edition (75 thousand copies) from the printing house, it was discovered that the illustrations on a number of pages of the historical section contain images of flags with swastikas (pages 5-8; 79-80; 85-86 and 155-156). Emergency measures were taken to reprint these pages in an edited form, that is, without these illustrations. Then the ideologically harmful, “anti-Soviet” sheets were manually (for the entire circulation!) cut out and new ones were pasted in, in the spirit of communist ideology.

The Ynglings claim that the ancient Slavs used 144 swastika symbols. Also, they offer their own decoding of the word “Swastika”: “Sva” - “vault”, “heaven”, “S” - direction of rotation, “Tika” - “running”, “movement”, which defines: “Coming from the sky” .

Swastika in India

Swastika on a Buddha statue

In pre-Buddhist ancient Indian and some other cultures, the swastika is usually interpreted as a sign of favorable destinies, a symbol of the sun. This symbol is still widely used in India and South Korea, and most weddings, holidays and celebrations are not complete without it.

Swastika in Finland

Since 1918, the swastika has been part of the state symbols of Finland (now depicted on the presidential standard, as well as on the banners of the armed forces).

Swastika in Poland

In the Polish army, the swastika was used in the emblem on the collars of the Podhala Riflemen (21st and 22nd Mountain Rifle Divisions

Swastika in Latvia

In Latvia, the swastika, which in local tradition was called the “fiery cross”, was the emblem of the air force from 1919 to 1940

Swastika in Germany

• Rudyard Kipling, whose collected works were always decorated with a swastika, ordered it to be removed in the latest edition in order to avoid association with Nazism.

After World War II, the image of the swastika was banned in a number of countries and can be criminalized.

The swastika as an emblem of Nazi and fascist organizations

Even before the Nazis entered the German political arena, the swastika was used as a symbol of German nationalism by various paramilitary organizations. It was worn, in particular, by members of G. Erhardt's troops.

In the mind of Hitler himself, it symbolized the “struggle for the triumph of the Aryan race.” This choice combined the mystical occult meaning of the swastika, the idea of ​​the swastika as an “Aryan” symbol (due to its prevalence in India), and the already established use of the swastika in the German far-right tradition: it was used by some Austrian anti-Semitic parties, and in March 1920 During the Kapp Putsch, it was depicted on the helmets of the Erhardt brigade that entered Berlin (there may have been Baltic influence here, since many Volunteer Corps soldiers encountered swastikas in Latvia and Finland).

In 1923, at the Nazi congress, Hitler reported that the black swastika was a call for a merciless fight against communists and Jews. Already in the 1920s, the swastika became increasingly associated with Nazism; after 1933, it finally began to be perceived as a Nazi symbol par excellence, as a result of which, for example, it was excluded from the emblem of the scout movement.

However, strictly speaking, the Nazi symbol was not just any swastika, but a four-pointed one, with the ends pointing to the right and rotated 45°. Moreover, it should be in a white circle, which in turn is depicted on a red rectangle. This very sign was on the state banner of National Socialist Germany in 1933-1945, as well as on the emblems of the civil and military services of this country (although, of course, other options were used for decorative purposes, including by the Nazis).

In 1931-1943, the swastika was on the flag of the Russian Fascist Party, organized by Russian emigrants in Manchukuo (China).

The swastika is currently used by a number of racist organizations

Swastika in transcripts of Soviet teenagers Acrophonemic convention of meaning Nazi swastika The Third Reich, - common deciphered among Soviet children and teenagers from films and stories about the Great Patriotic War (WWII), is an encrypted name for state political figures, leaders and members of the Socialist German Workers' Party in Germany, based on the first letters of surnames known in history : Hitler ( German Adolf Hitler The Third Reich, - common deciphered among Soviet children and teenagers from films and stories about the Great Patriotic War (WWII), is an encrypted name for state political figures, leaders and members of the Socialist German Workers' Party in Germany, based on the first letters of surnames known in history : Hitler (), Himler ( Heinrich Himmler The Third Reich, - common deciphered among Soviet children and teenagers from films and stories about the Great Patriotic War (WWII), is an encrypted name for state political figures, leaders and members of the Socialist German Workers' Party in Germany, based on the first letters of surnames known in history : Hitler (), Goebbels ( Joseph Goebbels The Third Reich, - common deciphered among Soviet children and teenagers from films and stories about the Great Patriotic War (WWII), is an encrypted name for state political figures, leaders and members of the Socialist German Workers' Party in Germany, based on the first letters of surnames known in history : Hitler (), Goering ().

Hermann Göring

The swastika symbol is a cross with curved ends directed clockwise or counterclockwise. As a rule, now all Swastika symbols are called in one word - SWASTIKA, which is fundamentally wrong, because In ancient times, each Swastika symbol had its own name, Protective Power and figurative meaning.

During archaeological excavations, Swastika symbols were most often found on various details of architecture, weapons, clothing, and household utensils of many peoples of Eurasia. Swastika symbolism is found everywhere in ornamentation as sign of Light, Sun, Life. The oldest archaeological artifacts depicting the swastika date back to approximately 10-15 millennium BC. According to archaeological excavations, the richest territory in the use of the swastika, both a religious and cultural symbol, is Russia - neither Europe nor India can compare with Russia in the abundance of swastika symbols covering Russian weapons, banners, national costume, houses, everyday items and temples. Excavations of ancient mounds and settlements speak for themselves - many ancient Slavic settlements had a clear form of Swastika, oriented to the four cardinal directions. Swastika symbols denoted calendar signs back in the days of the Great Scythian Kingdom ( depicts a vessel from the Scythian Kingdom of 3-4 thousand BC.)

The swastika and Swastika symbols were the main and, one might even say, almost the only elements of the ancient pre-Slavic ornaments. But this does not mean at all that the Slavs and Aryans were bad artists. Firstly, there were a lot of varieties of images of Swastika symbols. Secondly, in ancient times, not a single pattern was applied just like that; each element of the pattern corresponded to a certain cult or protective (amulet) meaning.

But not only the Aryans and Slavs believed in the magical power of this pattern. This symbol was found on clay vessels from Samarra (the territory of modern Iraq), which date back to the 5th millennium BC. Swastika symbols in levorotatory and dextrorotatory forms are found in the pre-Aryan culture of Mohenjo-Daro (Indus River basin) and ancient China around 2000 BC. In Northeast Africa, archaeologists have found a funerary stele from the kingdom of Meroz, which existed in the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. The fresco on the stele depicts a woman entering the afterlife; a Swastika is emblazoned on the clothes of the deceased. The rotating cross adorns golden weights for scales that belonged to the inhabitants of Ashanta (Ghana), and clay utensils of the ancient Indians, beautiful carpets woven by the Persians and Celts.

Swastika in Beliefs and Religions

Swastika symbolism was a protective symbol among almost all peoples in Europe and Asia: among the Slavs, Germans, Pomors, Skalvi, Curonians, Scythians, Sarmatians, Mordovians, Udmurts, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Indians, Icelanders, Scots and many other peoples.

In many ancient Beliefs and religions, the Swastika is the most important and brightest cult symbol. Thus, in ancient Indian philosophy and Buddhism(pic. left: Buddha's Foot) The swastika is a symbol of the eternal cycle of the universe, a symbol of the Buddha's Law, to which all things are subject. (Dictionary “Buddhism”, M., “Republic”, 1992); V Tibetan Lamaism The swastika is a protective symbol, a symbol of happiness and a talisman. In India and Tibet, the Swastika is depicted everywhere: on the gates of temples, on every residential building, on the fabrics in which all sacred texts are wrapped, on funeral covers.

Lama Beru-Kinze-Rimpoche, in our time one of the greatest teachers of official Buddhism. The photograph shows the ritual of his creation of a ritual mandala, that is, pure space, in Moscow in 1993. In the foreground of the photograph is a thangka, a sacred image drawn on fabric, depicting the Divine space of the mandala. At the corners are Swastika symbols protecting the sacred Divine space.

As a religious symbol (!!!), the swastika has always been used by followers Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism in the East, Druids of Ireland, Scotland, Scandinavia, representatives Natural-religious denominations Europe and America in the West.

On the left is Ganesha, the son of God Shiva, a God from the Hindu Vedic pantheon, his face illuminated by two Swastika symbols.
On the right is a Mystic Sacred diagram taken from a Jain prayer book. In the center of the diagram, we can also see the Swastika.

In Russia, Swastika symbols and elements are found among supporters of the Ancient Tribal and Vedic cults, as well as among the Orthodox Old Believers-Ynglings, professing the Faith of the First Ancestors - Ingliism, in the Slavic and Aryan communities of the Ancestral Circle and, wherever you think, among Christians…

Swastika on the shield of Prophetic Oleg

For many, many millennia, the Slavs used the Swastika symbol. Our Ancestors depicted this symbol on weapons, banners, clothing, and on household and religious objects. Everyone knows that the Prophetic Oleg nailed his shield to the gates of Constantinople (Constantinople), but few of the modern generation know what was depicted on the shield. However, descriptions of the symbolism of his shield and armor can be found in historical chronicles. Prophetic people, i.e., possessing the Gift of Spiritual Foresight and knowing the Ancient Wisdom that the Gods and Ancestors left to people, were endowed by the Priests with various symbols. One of these most notable people in history was the Slavic prince - Prophetic Oleg. In addition to being a prince and an excellent military strategist, he was also a Priest of High Initiation. The symbolism that was depicted on his clothes, weapons, armor and princely banner tells about this in all detailed images.
Fire Swastika(symbolizing the land of the Ancestors) in the center of the nine-pointed Star of England (symbol of the Faith of the First Ancestors) was surrounded by the Great Kolo (Circle of Patron Gods), which emitted eight rays of Spiritual Light (the eighth degree of Priestly initiation) to the Svarog Circle. All this symbolism spoke of enormous spiritual and physical strength, which is directed to the defense of the Motherland and the Holy Faith. When the Prophetic Oleg nailed his shield with such symbolism to the gates of Constantinople, he wanted to figuratively, clearly show the insidious and two-faced Byzantines what another Slavic prince Alexander Yaroslavovich (Nevsky) would later explain to the Teutonic knights in words: “ Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword! On this stood, stands, and will stand the Russian Land!»

Swastika on money and in the Army

Under Tsar Peter I, its walls country residence were decorated with swastika patterns. The ceiling of the throne room in the Hermitage is also covered with these sacred symbols.

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, among the upper classes of European states in Western and Eastern Europe, as well as in Russia, Swastika(left) has become the most common and even fashionable symbol. This was influenced by the “Secret Doctrine” of H.P. Blavatsky and her Theosophical Society; The occult-mystical teachings of Guido von List, the German knightly Order of Thule and other spiritualist circles.

The common people, both in Europe and Asia, have used Swastika ornaments in everyday life for thousands of years, and only at the beginning of this century, interest in Swastika symbols appeared among those in power.

In young Soviet Russia sleeve patches Since 1918, the soldiers of the Red Army of the South-Eastern Front were decorated with a swastika, with the abbreviation R.S.F.S.R. inside. For example: the badge for command and administrative personnel was embroidered in gold and silver, but for the Red Army soldiers it was stenciled.

After the overthrow of the autocracy in Russia, the Swastika ornament appears on new banknotes of the Provisional Government, and after the coup of October 26, 1917, on Bolshevik banknotes.

Now few people know that the matrices of the 250 ruble banknote, with the image of the Swastika symbol - Kolovrat against the background of a double-headed eagle, were made according to a special order and sketches of the last Russian Tsar - Nicholas II.

Beginning in 1918, the Bolsheviks introduced new banknotes in denominations of 1000, 5000 and 10000 rubles, on which not one Kolovrat was depicted, but three. Two smaller Kolovrat in the side ties are intertwined with large numbers 1000 and a large Kolovrat in the middle.

Money with Swastika-Kolovrat was printed by the Bolsheviks and was in use until 1923, and only after the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were withdrawn from circulation.

In national: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian costumes, on sundresses, towels and other things, Swastika symbolism was the main and, practically, the only one of the existing ancient amulets and ornaments, until the first half of the twentieth century.

Our ancestors loved to gather on the outskirts of the village one summer evening and listen to the lingering chants of dance... a swastika. There was an analogue of the symbol in Russian dance culture - the Kolovrat dance. At the festival of Perun, the Slavs drove, and still drive, round dances around two burning swastikas: “Fasha” and “Agni” laid out on the ground.

Swastika in Christianity

“Kolovrat” richly decorated churches in the Russian lands; it shone brightly on the sacred objects of the Ancient Solar Cult of the Ancestors; and also on the white robes of the Priests of the Old Faith. And even on the robes of Christian clergy in the 9th-16th centuries. Swastika symbols were depicted. They decorated the Images and Kummiras of the Gods, frescoes, walls, icons, etc.

For example, on the fresco depicting Christ Pantocrator - the Pantocrator, in the St. Sophia Cathedral of the Novgorod Kremlin, the so-called left and right Swastikas with short curved rays, and correctly “Charovrat” and “Salting” are placed directly on the chest of the Christian God, as symbols of the beginning and end of all things.

At the saint's rite in the St. Sophia Cathedral of the city of Kyiv, in the oldest Christian church built on the Russian land by Yaroslav the Wise, belts are depicted in which alternate: "Swastika", "Suasti" and straight Crosses. Christian theologians in the Middle Ages commented on this painting in the following way: “Swastika” symbolizes the first coming to the World of the Son of God Jesus Christ to save people from their sins; then the straight Cross - his earthly path, ending with suffering on Golgotha; and finally, the left Swastika - “Suasti”, symbolizes the resurrection of Jesus Christ and his second coming to Earth in Power and Glory.

In Moscow, in the Kolomna Church, the Beheading of John the Baptist, on the day of Tsar Nicholas II’s abdication from the throne, was discovered in the basement of the temple icon "Our Lady of Sovereign"(fragment on the left) on the headdress of the Christian Mother of God there is a Swastika Amulet symbol - “Fache”.

Many legends and rumors were invented about this ancient icon, for example: allegedly on the personal order of I.V. Stalin, a prayer service and religious procession were held on the front line, and thanks to this, the troops of the Third Reich did not take Moscow. Totally absurd. German troops did not enter Moscow for a completely different reason. Their road to Moscow was blocked by the people's militia and divisions of Siberians, filled with Spiritual Strength and Faith in Victory, and not by severe frosts, the leading force of the party and government, or some kind of icon. The Siberians not only repulsed all enemy attacks, but also went on the offensive and won the war, because the ancient principle lives in their hearts: “Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword.”

In medieval Christianity, the Swastika also symbolized Fire and Wind.- the elements that embody the Holy Spirit. If the Swastika, even in Christianity, was truly considered a divine sign, then only unreasonable people can say that the Swastika is a symbol of fascism!
* For reference: Fascism in Europe existed only in Italy and Spain. And the fascists of these states did not have Swastika symbols. The swastika was used as a party and state symbol by Hitler’s Germany, which was not fascist, as it is interpreted now, but National Socialist. For those who doubt, read the article by I.V. Stalin "Hands off Socialist Germany." This article was published in the newspapers Pravda and Izvestia in the 30s.

Swastika as a talisman

Swatika was believed to be a talisman that “attracts” good luck and happiness. On Ancient Rus' It was believed that if you draw Kolovrat on your palm, you will definitely be lucky. Even modern students draw Swastikas on their palms before exams. Swastikas were also painted on the walls of houses so that happiness would reign there, in Russia, Siberia, and India.

In the Ipatiev House, where the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II was shot, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna painted all the walls with this divine symbol, but the Swastika did not help the Romanovs against the atheists; this dynasty did too much evil on Russian soil.

Nowadays, philosophers, dowsers and psychics offer build city blocks in the form of Swastikas- such configurations should generate positive energy, by the way, these conclusions have already been confirmed by modern science.

Origin of the word "Swastika"

The generally accepted name of the Solar symbol - Swastika, according to one version, comes from the Sanskrit word Suasti. Su- beautiful, kind, and asti- to be, that is, “Be good!”, or in our opinion, “All the best!” According to another version, this word has Old Slavic origin, which is more probable (which is confirmed by the archives of the Old Russian Ynglistic Church of the Orthodox Old Believers-Ynglings), since it is known that the Swastika symbolism in various variations, and its name, was brought to India, Tibet, China, and Europe by the ancient Aryans and Slavs. Tibetans and Indians still claim that the Swastika, this universal symbol of prosperity and happiness, was brought to them from the high northern mountains (Himalayas) by the White Teachers.

In ancient times, when our Ancestors used the X'Aryan Runes, the word Swastika ( see left) translated as Who Came from Heaven. Since Runa NVA meant Heaven (hence Svarog - Heavenly God), WITH— Rune of direction; Rune TIKA[last two runes] - movement, coming, flow, running. Our children still pronounce the word tick, i.e. to run, and we meet it in the words Arctic, Antarctic, mysticism, etc.

Ancient Vedic sources tell us that even our galaxy has the shape of a Swastika, and our Yarila-Sun system is located in one of the arms of this Heavenly Swastika. And since we are located in the galactic sleeve, our entire galaxy, its ancient name Swastika, is perceived by us as Perun’s Way or the Milky Way.

The ancient names of Swastika symbols in Russia are mainly preserved in the everyday life of Orthodox Old Believers-Yinglings and Righteous Old Believers-schismatics. In the East, among the followers of the Vedic Faith, where the Ancient Wisdom is recorded in the Holy Scriptures in ancient languages: and Kh’Aryan. In Kh'Aryan writing they use Runes in the form of Swastika(see text on the left).

Sanskrit, more correctly Samskryt(Samskrita), i.e. An independent secretive, used by modern Indians, originated from the ancient language of the Aryans and Slavs, it was created as a simplified version of the X'Aryan Karuna, for the preservation of the Ancient Vedas by the inhabitants of Dravidia (ancient India), and therefore ambiguous interpretations of the origin of the word “Swastika” are now possible, but after reading The materials presented in this article, an intelligent person, whose consciousness has not yet been completely filled with false stereotypes, will be convinced of the undoubted ancient Slavic and ancient Aryan, which is actually the same thing, origin of this word.

If in almost all foreign languages ​​various designs of the Solar Cross with curved rays are called by one word Swastika - “Swastika”, then in the Russian language there were and still exist for various variants of Swastika symbols 144 (!!!) titles, which also speaks about the country of origin of this Solar symbol. For example: Swastika, Kolovrat, Posolon, Holy Gift, Svasti, Svaor, Svaor-Solntsevrat, Agni, Fash, Mara; Inglia, Solar Cross, Solard, Vedara, Light Flyer, Fern Flower, Perunov Color, Swati, Race, Godman, Svarozhich, Yarovrat, Odolen-Grass, Rodimich, Charovrat etc. Among the Slavs, depending on the color, length, direction of the curved ends of the Solar Cross, this symbol was called differently and had different figurative and protective meanings (see).

Swastika Runes

Various variations of Swastika symbols, with no less different meanings, are found not only in cult and protective symbols, but also in the form of Runes, which, like letters in ancient times, had their own figurative meaning. So, for example, in the ancient Kh'Aryan Karuna, i.e. In the runic alphabet, there were four runes depicting the Swastika elements.

Runa Fash– had a figurative meaning: a powerful, directed, destructive Fire flow (thermonuclear fire)…
Rune Agni– had figurative meanings: the Sacred Fire of the hearth, as well as the Sacred Fire of Life located in the human body and other meanings...
Rune Mara– had a figurative meaning: the Ice Flame protecting the Peace of the Universe. The rune of transition from the World of Revealing to the World of Light Navi (Glory), incarnation in the New Life... Symbol of Winter and Sleep.
Rune England– had the figurative meaning of the Primary Fire of Creation of the Universe, from this Fire many different Universes and various forms of Life appeared...

Swastika symbols carry a huge secret meaning. They contain enormous Wisdom. Each Swastika symbol reveals to us a Great picture of the universe. Ancient Slavic-Aryan Wisdom says that our galaxy is shaped like a Swastika and is called SVATI, and the Yarila-Sun system, in which our Midgard-Earth makes its way, is located in one of the branches of this Heavenly Swastika.

Knowledge of Ancient Wisdom does not accept a stereotypical approach. The study of ancient symbols, Runic writings and ancient Traditions must be approached with an open heart and a pure Soul. Not for profit, but for knowledge!

Is the swastika a fascist symbol?

Swastika symbols in Russia were used not only by the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks for political purposes; much earlier than them, representatives of the Black Hundred began to use the Swastika. Now, Swastika symbols are used by Russian National Unity. A knowledgeable person never says that the Swastika is German or fascist symbol . Only foolish and ignorant people say this, because they reject what they are not able to understand and know, and also try to pass off what they want as reality. But if ignorant people reject some symbol or some information, this still does not mean that this symbol or information does not exist. Denial or distortion of the truth to please some disrupts the harmonious development of others. Even ancient symbol The Greatness of the Fertility of the Mother of the Raw Earth, called in ancient times - SOLARD (see above), and now used by the Russian National Unity, is considered by some incompetent people to be German-fascist symbols, a symbol that appeared many hundreds of thousands of years before the emergence of German National Socialism. At the same time, it does not even take into account the fact that SOLARD in the Russian National Unity is combined with the eight-pointed Star of Lada-Virgin Mary (image 2), where the Divine Forces (Golden Field), the Forces of the Primary Fire (red), the Heavenly Forces (blue) and the Forces of Nature (green) came together. The only difference between the original Symbol of Mother Nature and the sign that is used by the social movement “Russian National Unity” is the multicolored nature of the Original Symbol of Mother Nature and the two-colored one of the representatives of Russian National Unity.

Swastika – feather grass, hare, horse...

Ordinary people had their own names for Swastika symbols. In the villages of the Ryazan province it was called “ feather grass" - the embodiment of the Wind; on Pechora " hare" - here the graphic symbol was perceived as a particle sunlight, ray, sunbeam; in some places the Solar Cross was called “ horse", "horse shank" (horse head), because a long time ago the horse was considered a symbol of the Sun and Wind; were called Swastika-Solyarniks and “ Ognivtsy", again, in honor of Yarila the Sun. The people very correctly felt both the Fiery, Flaming Nature of the symbol (Sun) and its Spiritual essence (Wind).

The oldest master of Khokhloma painting, Stepan Pavlovich Veselov (1903-1993) from the village of Mogushino, Nizhny Novgorod region, following traditions, painted the Swastika on wooden plates and bowls, calling it “ saffron milk cap“, the Sun, and explained: “It’s the wind that shakes and moves the blade of grass.” In the above fragments you can see Swastika symbols even on such household appliances used by Russian people as a spinning wheel and a cutting board.

In the village, to this day, on holidays, women wear elegant sundresses and shirts, and men wear blouses embroidered with swastika symbols of various shapes. They bake lush loaves and sweet cookies, decorated on top with Kolovrat, Posolon, Solstice and other swastika patterns.

Prohibition of the use of Swastikas

As mentioned earlier, before the onset of the second half of the 20th century, the main and almost the only patterns and symbols that existed in Slavic embroidery were Swastika ornaments. But the enemies of the Aryans and Slavs in the second half of the 20th century, they began to decisively eradicate this Solar symbol, and they eradicated it in the same way as they had previously eradicated: the ancient folk Slavic and Aryan; Ancient Faith and Folk Traditions; The true History, undistorted by the rulers, and the long-suffering Slavic People themselves, the bearer of the ancient Slavic-Aryan Culture.

And even now, in the government and locally, many officials are trying to ban any types of rotating Solar crosses - in many ways the same people, or their descendants, but using different pretexts: if earlier this was done under the pretext of class struggle and anti-Soviet conspiracies, then now they are opponents of everything Slavic and Aryan, called fascist symbols and Russian chauvinism.

For those who are not indifferent to ancient Culture, there are several (a very small number of pictures, due to the limitation of the volume of the article) typical patterns in Slavic embroidery; in all enlarged fragments you can see the Swastika symbols and ornaments for yourself.

The use of swastika symbols in ornaments in the Slavic lands is simply innumerable. Academician B.A. Rybakov called the Solar symbol - Kolovrat, a connecting “link between the Paleolithic, where it first appeared, and modern ethnography, which provides countless examples of swastika patterns in fabrics, embroidery and weaving.”

But after the Second World War, in which Russia, as well as all Slavic and Aryan peoples, suffered huge losses, the enemies of the Aryan and Slavic Culture, began to equate fascism with the Swastika. At the same time, they completely forgot (?!) that fascism, as a political and state system in Europe, existed only in Italy and Spain, where the Swastika symbol was not used. The swastika, as a party and state symbol, was adopted only in National Socialist Germany, called the Third Reich at that time.

The Slavs used this Solar sign throughout their entire existence (according to the latest scientific data, this is at least 15 thousand years), and the President of the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler, for only about 25 years. The flow of lies and fabrications regarding the Swastika has filled the cup of absurdity. “Teachers” in modern schools, lyceums and gymnasiums in Russia teach children complete nonsense that the Swastika and any Swastika symbol are German fascist crosses, made up of four letters “G”, denoting the first letters of the leaders of Nazi Germany: Hitler, Himmler, Goering and Goebbels (sometimes replaced by Hess). Listening to such “teachers”, one might think that Germany during the time of Adolf Hitler used exclusively the Russian alphabet, and not at all the Latin script and the German Runic. Is it in German surnames: HITLER, HIMMLER, GERING, GEBELS (HESS), there is at least one Russian letter “G” - no! But the flow of lies does not stop.

Swastika patterns and elements are used by peoples, which has been confirmed by archaeological scientists over the past 5-6 thousand years. And now, out of ignorance, people who have been trained by Soviet “teachers” are wary and sometimes even aggressive towards a person wearing ancient Slavic amulets or mittens with the image of Swastika symbols, a sundress or a shirt with Swastika embroidery. It was not for nothing that ancient thinkers said: “ Human development is hampered by two evils: ignorance and ignorance." Our Ancestors were knowledgeable and in charge, and therefore used various Swastika elements and ornaments in everyday life, considering them symbols of Yarila the Sun, Life, Happiness and Prosperity.

Only narrow-minded and ignorant people can denigrate everything pure, bright and good that remains among the Slavic and Aryan peoples. Let's not be like them! Do not paint over Swastika symbols in ancient Slavic Temples and Christian churches, on the Kumirs of the Light Gods and the Images of the Many-Wise Ancestors, as well as on the oldest Christian icons of the Mother of God and Christ. Do not destroy, at the whim of the ignorant and Slav-haters, the so-called “Soviet staircase”, and the ceilings of the Hermitage, or the domes of the Moscow St. Basil’s Cathedral, just because various versions of the Swastika have been painted on them for hundreds of years.

One generation replaces another, state systems and regimes collapse, but as long as the People remember their ancient roots, honor the traditions of their Great Ancestors, preserve their Ancient culture and symbols, until that time the People are ALIVE and will LIVE!

After the First World War, Europe was in a state of economic and cultural crisis. Hundreds of thousands of young people went to war, naively dreaming of heroic deeds on the battlefield for the sake of honor and glory, and returned disabled in all respects. All that remains of the spirit of optimism that marked the first years of the 20th century are memories.

It was during these years that a new political movement. What united fascists in different European countries was that they were all ultranationalists. Fascist parties, organized according to a strictly hierarchical principle, included people of different social classes who were eager for active action. All of them argued that their own country or ethnic group was in danger, and believed themselves to be the only political alternative that could counter this threat. For example, democracy, foreign capitalism, communism, or, as was the case in Germany, Romania and Bulgaria, other nations and races were declared dangerous. The purpose of creating such an imaginary threat was to organize a mass movement capable of uniting the country and violently crushing competing ideas and external forces that allegedly sought to destroy the nation. The state had to take full control of every member of society, and industry had to be organized in such a way as to achieve maximum labor productivity.

Within the general framework of such a strategy, naturally, there were different versions of ideologies - depending on the historical, cultural and political background of each country. In countries with a strong Catholic Church, fascism was often combined with elements of Catholicism. In some European countries the fascist movement degenerated into small marginal groups. In others, fascists succeeded in coming to power, and developments were marked by the cult of the fascist leader, disregard for human rights, control of the press, celebration of militarism, and suppression of the labor movement.

Italy and the “bundle of rods”, or “bundle of brushwood”

The word "fascism" was originally used to refer to the ideology of the Partito Nazionale Fascista party in Italy. The leader of the Italian fascists was the former journalist Benito Mussolini. For many years Mussolini was interested in the socialist movement, but during the First World War he became a nationalist.

After World War I, Italy's economy was devastated, unemployment reached record highs, and democratic traditions declined. The war cost the lives of more than 600 thousand Italians, and although Italy was on the winning side, the country was in crisis. Many believed that Italy lost as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.

On May 23, 1919, the first fascist group Fasci di Combattimenti was formed. Skillfully using the social unrest in the country, Mussolini turned his group into a mass organization. When it was transformed into a political party in the fall of 1921, it already included 300 thousand people. Another six months later the movement united 700 thousand members. In the elections of 1921, the fascist party received 6.5% of the votes and entered parliament.

However, the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista) was not an ordinary political party. The fascist movement attracted, first of all, young men. Many of them were war veterans and knew how to obey discipline and handle weapons. Militant groups appeared in the movement, where the rule of the strong was extolled, and gradually violence became an important part of the entire party ideology. With their bloody attacks on communists and other representatives of the labor movement, the fascists sided with employers during strikes, and the Conservative government used them to suppress socialist opposition.

In 1922, the fascists took power in Italy. Mussolini threatened to march on Rome with his fighters. Following this threat, on October 31, he was invited to an audience with King Victor Emmanuel III, who offered Mussolini the post of prime minister in a conservative coalition government. It was a peaceful seizure of power, but in the mythology of fascism the event was called the “March on Rome” and was described as a revolution.

Mussolini was in power for 22 years, until July 25, 1943, when Allied troops entered Italy and the king removed the dictator. Mussolini was arrested, but he was freed by German parachute troops, allowing him to escape to Northern Italy, where on September 23 the Duce proclaimed the infamous "Republic of Salo" - a German protectorate. The "Republic of Salò" existed until April 25, 1945, when Allied troops occupied this last bastion of Italian fascism. On April 28, 1945, Benito Mussolini was captured by partisans and executed.

Totalitarian state

Mussolini, like many of his comrades, went to the front as a soldier during the First World War. Life in the trenches seemed to him to be an ideal society in miniature, where everyone, regardless of age or social background, worked towards a common goal: the defense of the country from an external enemy. Having come to power, Mussolini planned to change Italy to its core, to create a country where the entire society would be involved in a gigantic production machine and where the fascists would have total control. The expression “totalitarian state” arose in the early years of the fascist regime among its political opponents to describe precisely this method of government. Mussolini then began to use this term to describe his own ambitious plans. In October 1925, he formulated the slogan: “Everything is in the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.”

All political power in society had to come personally from Mussolini, who was called “Duce”, that is, “leader” or “leader”. To motivate this concentration of power in the hands of one man, the Italian press began to praise Mussolini. He was described as the personification of the ideal man, such myths and such a cult of his personality were created around him, which in the eyes of modern man seems funny. For example, he was described as a “superman” who is able to work 24 hours a day, has fantastic physical strength and once allegedly stopped with his gaze the beginning eruption of Mount Etna.

Heirs of the Roman Empire

The Italian state was relatively young and socially and even linguistically heterogeneous. However, even before the fascists came to power, nationalists sought to unite citizens around a single historical heritage - history Ancient Rome. Ancient Roman history has been an important part of school teaching since the late 19th century. Even before the outbreak of the First World War, colossal historical films were being created.

Naturally, in this atmosphere, Mussolini tried to present the fascists as the heirs of the Romans, fulfilling a historical task predetermined by fate - the return of the former power and splendor of the collapsed empire. During the reign of the Duce, the main attention was paid to the period of the rise of the Roman Empire, its military superiority, and the social structure of that time was portrayed as similar to the one that Mussolini sought to build. It is from Roman history that many of the symbols used by the fascists are borrowed.

"Bundle of brushwood" - "fascia"

The word “fascism” itself has a common root with the party symbol of Mussolini and his henchmen. Fascio littorio, lictor's fascia
- this was the name of a bundle of brushwood or rods with a bronze hatchet in the center. Such “bundles” or “sheaves” were carried by Roman lictors - low-ranking officials, clearing them in the crowd even for important people.

In Ancient Rome, such a “bundle of brushwood” was a symbol of the right to hit, beat and generally punish. Later it became a symbol political power at all. In the 18th century, during the Enlightenment, the fasces represented republican rule as opposed to monarchy. In the 19th century, it came to mean strength through unity, since rods tied together are much stronger than the sum of each twig or lash. In the second half of the century, the words “fascination”, “fascia”, “ligament” began to mean small leftist groups in politics. And after several strikes by trade unions in Sicily in the mid-1890s, the term acquired a connotation of radicalism.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the word “fascists” was quite common. This was the name given to radical Italian political groups, both right and left. However, with the spread of the Fasci di Combattimenti party throughout the country, Mussolini monopolized the term. Gradually, the word “fascia” began to be associated specifically with the ideology of the Italian fascists, and not generally with political authority, as before.

The “bundle of brushwood” or “bundle of rods” was not only a symbol of the fascists’ perception of themselves as the heirs of Rome. The symbolism also meant the spiritual and physical “rebirth” of the Italian people, the basis of which was authority and discipline. The branches tied into one bundle became the personification of a united Italy under the leadership of the Duce. In his manifesto “The Doctrine of Fascism” (Dottrina del fascismo, 1932), Mussolini wrote: “[fascism] wants to transform not only the external forms of human life, but also its very content, man, characters, faith. This requires discipline and authority, which impresses souls and completely conquers them. Therefore, they are marked by the lictorial fasces, a symbol of unity, strength and justice.”

After Mussolini came to power, the fasces pervaded the daily lives of Italians. They were found on coins, banners, official documents, manhole covers and postage stamps. They were used by private associations, organizations and clubs. Two huge “sheaves” stood on the sides of Mussolini when he made speeches to the people in Rome.

Since 1926, members of the Fascist Party were required to wear this sign - the party emblem - on civilian clothes. In December of the same year, a decree was issued giving the symbol national significance. Three months later, the "sheaf" was included in the image of the state coat of arms of Italy, taking a place to the left of the coat of arms of the Italian royal house. In April 1929, the fasces replaced the two lions on the royal shield. Thus the state and the fascist party merged into one. And the fascia became a visible symbol of the “new order.”

Fascist "style"

Mussolini not only wanted to change society, but he also sought to transform the Italian people in accordance with the fascist ideal. The Duce began with party members who were the first to dress and behave in accordance with the fascist model, which then became associated with right-wing extremist movements around the world. For the fascists, the word “style” was not only a matter of taste in the choice of clothing. It was about closeness to the fascist ideal in everything: in habits, behavior, actions and attitude to life.

Fascism was a war ideology, and its supporters dressed like soldiers. They marched, sang fight songs, swore oaths of allegiance, took oaths of office, and wore uniforms. The uniform included boots, trousers, a special headdress and a black shirt.

Black shirts were originally worn by members of militant fascist groups who fought in the streets with communists and other political opponents. They looked like elite troops from the First World War and were called "arditi". When Mussolini came to power in 1922, he disbanded the militants and organized a national militia in their place. But black shirts remained and over time acquired such a status that a person wearing one at the wrong time could be arrested and put on trial.

In 1925, Mussolini said at a party congress: “The black shirt is not everyday wear or a uniform. This is a combat uniform that can only be worn by people who are pure in soul and heart.”

The “ten commandments” of fascism, which were formulated in October 1931, stated: “He who is not ready, without the slightest hesitation, to sacrifice his body and soul for Italy and in the service of Mussolini, is not worthy to wear the black shirt - the symbol of fascism.” . After coming to power, black shirts began to be worn by civil servants of all departments. In 1931, all professors, and a few years later, teachers at all levels, were required to wear black shirts at formal ceremonies. From 1932 to 1934, detailed rules were developed for wearing shirts (wearing starched collars was “absolutely prohibited”) in combination with accessories - boots, belt and tie.

Roman greeting

The fascist style of behavior also included the so-called Roman salute. The greeting with the outstretched right hand, palm down, has been associated with Ancient Rome since the second half of the 18th century. It is unknown whether it was actually used, but there are images showing similar gestures.

French artist Jacques-Louis David depicted the oath or oath of the Horatii in a 1784 painting in which the twins, three brothers, with outstretched arms, vow to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the Roman Republic. After the French Revolution, David painted another picture, where the new, revolutionary government swears allegiance to the new constitution with the same gesture, throwing its right hands forward and upward. Inspired by the painting of David, artists for another century depicted a similar greeting in paintings on ancient Roman themes.

In the middle of the 19th century, the outstretched right hand increasingly took on the character of a military greeting, widespread both among various political groups and at the level of the entire country. In the USA, for example, since the 90s of the 19th century, schoolchildren have saluted with their right hand when the American flag is raised. This continued until 1942, when America entered the war against Italy and Germany and it became politically impossible to use the same gesture as the Nazis to greet.

Italian fascists considered this greeting gesture a symbol of the heritage of Ancient Rome, and propaganda described it as a salute to masculinity, in contrast to the usual handshake, which came to be considered a weak, effeminate and bourgeois greeting.

Export style

The Italian fascists were considered the founders of the style that was adopted by all other groups of a similar ideological trend in Europe in the 20s and 30s. The habit of marching in dark-colored shirts spread among the fascists.

Blindly copying the Italians were members of the British Union of Fascists, the Dutch Mussertpartiet party and the Bulgarian National Zadruga Fascists - all of them were “Blackshirts”. The Spanish Falangists in 1934 refused to introduce black shirts to distinguish themselves from the Italian fascists, and switched to blue uniforms. So did the Portuguese National Syndicalists, the Swedish supporters of Lindholm, the Irish in the Army Comrades Association and several French groups: Faisceau, Solidarité Française and Le Francisme. In Germany, members of the National Socialist Party (NSDAP) storm troopers wore brown shirts. Green shirts were worn by members of the Hungarian "Arrow Cross Party" (Nyilaskeresztes part) - "Nylasists", Croatian Ustasha and the Romanian "Iron Guard". Gray shirts were worn by members of the Swiss National Front and Icelandic National Socialists. There was a small group in the US that called themselves the Silver Shirts.

The Roman raised arm salute was used by various nationalist groups in Europe even before Mussolini came to power in Italy. With the victorious march of the Italian fascists, this gesture began to spread more and more widely. The Fascia symbol was also adopted by other fascist associations inspired by Mussolini's successes, such as the British Union of Fascists, the Bulgarian National Zadruga Fascisti, the Swiss Fascismus and the Swedish Svenska fascistiska kampförbundet.

It is in the nature of fascism, however, to praise one's own culture. Therefore, most groups in other countries began to use local national symbols or signs instead of the lictorial fascia, which better reflected the local version of fascist ideology.

Fascist groups and symbols in other countries

Belgium

During the period between the world wars, two parallel fascist movements arose in Belgium. The first of these mostly attracted the Walloons, the French-speaking Belgians. The leader of the movement was lawyer Leon Degrelle, Chief Editor Catholic and conservative magazine Christus Rex. The organization he created became the basis of the Rexistpartiet party formed in 1930. Rexism, as the ideology of this party came to be called, combined the theses of Catholicism with purely fascist elements, for example, corporatism and the abolition of democracy. Gradually, the Rexists became closer to German National Socialism, which led to the party losing the support of the church, and with it many supporters. During World War II, the Rexists supported the German occupation of Belgium, and Degrelle volunteered for the SS.

In the emblem of the Rexist party, the letters “REX” were combined with a cross and a crown as symbols of the kingdom of Christ on earth.

The second notable fascist movement in Belgium found supporters in the Flemish part of the population. Already in the 1920s, groups of Flemish nationalists became more active in the country, and in October 1933 a significant part of them united into the Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond (VNV) party under the leadership of Staf de Klerk. This party accepted many of the ideas of the Italian fascists. De Klerk was called "den Leiter", "leader". In 1940, his party collaborated with the occupation regime. It was banned immediately after the war.

The colors of the VNV party emblem are taken from the coat of arms of the Dutch national hero William of Orange. The triangle is the Christian symbol of the Trinity. In Christian symbolism, the triangle can also represent equality and unity. The circle in the emblem is also a Christian symbol of unity.

Finland

Fascism spread more widely in Finland than in the rest of Northern Europe. Nationalist currents were strong throughout the period between the two world wars. The country gained independence from Russia in 1917. After the Civil War of 1918, when the Whites defeated the Reds, who were supported by Soviet Russia, the fear of a communist revolution was strong. In 1932, the Isänmaallinen kansanliike (IKL) party was formed, which became a continuation of the anti-communist nationalist Lapua movement of the 20s.

The IKL was a purely fascist party with the addition of its own extreme nationalist dream of an ethnically homogeneous Greater Finland, which was supposed to include the territories of today's Russia and Estonia, as well as demands for a corporate structure of society. All this was presented against the backdrop of the “superman” ideology, in which the Finns were presented as biologically superior to neighboring peoples. The party existed until 1944. She managed to stand as a candidate in three elections and received just over 8% of the vote in the 1936 elections, and three years later the number of votes cast for her dropped to 7%.

Members of the IKL party wore a uniform: a black shirt and a blue tie. The party banner was also blue with an emblem: inside the circle was a man with a baton sitting on a bear.

Greece

After the 1936 elections, Greece was in difficult situation. Fearing the growing trade union movement, the king appointed Defense Minister Ioannis Metaxas as prime minister. Metaxas took advantage of a series of strikes to declare a state of emergency and immediately abolish the country's democratic institutions. On August 4, 1936, he proclaimed a regime called the “4th of August regime” and began to create an authoritarian dictatorship with elements of fascism, taking as a model the actions of the National Union, which was in power in Portugal. Troops were repeatedly brought into Greece, and in 1941 a government loyal to Hitler came to power in the country. The regime collapsed when Greece, despite Metaxa's pro-German sympathies, sided with the Allies in World War II.

Metaxa chose a stylized double-edged ax as a symbol of the “4th of August regime”, since he considered it the most ancient symbol of Hellenic civilization. Indeed, double axes, real and in images, have been in Greek culture for thousands of years; they are often found among archaeological finds period of the Minoan civilization on Crete.

Ireland

In 1932, the fascist organization Army Comrades Association (ACA) was formed in Ireland, initially created to protect meetings of the nationalist party Cumann nan Gaedhael. Soon under the leadership former general and Police Chief Owen O'Duffy, the ACA became independent and changed its name to the National Guard.

Inspired by the Italian fascists, members of the organization began wearing sky-blue “party” shirts in April 1933, which is why they were nicknamed “Blue Shirts.” They also adopted the Roman salute and threatened to march on Dublin in imitation of Mussolini's march on Rome. Also in 1933, the party was banned and O'Duffy weakened his fascist rhetoric. Later he was among the founders of the nationalist party Fine Gael.

The ACA banner, which later became the flag of the National Guard, was a variant of the banner of the Irish Order of St. Patrick, introduced in 1783: a red St. Andrew's cross on a white background. The sky blue color comes from the legend of how a white cross appeared in the sky in honor of St. Andrew (this motif also appears on the flag of Scotland).

Norway

Vidkun Quisling created the nationalist party National Accord (Nasjonal Samling) in 1933. Soon the party took an orientation towards fascism and Nazism. Before the outbreak of World War II, National Accord was the fastest growing party in Norway, and after the occupation of the country by Germany, Quisling became the country's minister-president. By 1943, the party had about 44 thousand members. On May 8, 1945, the party was dissolved, and Quisling's name became synonymous throughout the world with a traitor to the motherland.

The National Accord party used the Scandinavian traditional flag as a symbol, that is, a yellow cross on a red background. Local branches of the party designated themselves "Olaf's cross" - a variant of the "solstice". This sign has been a symbol of Norway since the Christianization of the country by St. Olaf in the 11th century.

Portugal

After the First World War, Portugal lay in ruins. After the military coup of 1926, the National Union party was formally created in 1930. In 1932, the leadership of the party was taken over by former Finance Minister Antonio Salazar, who soon became prime minister. Salazar, who held power in Portugal until his death in 1970, introduced a complete dictatorship and an ultra-reactionary political system, some elements of which can be regarded as fascist. The party remained in power until 1974, when the regime was overthrown and democracy was introduced to the country.

The National Union used the so-called Mantuan cross in its symbolism. This cross, like the Iron Cross of the Nazis, is a black and white cross patté, but with narrower bars. It was used, among others, by the Nazis in France.

Another group in Portugal in the 1930s was fascist in its purest form. It was formed in 1932 and was called the National Syndicalist Movement (MNS). The leader of the movement was Roland Preto, who even in the early 20s admired Mussolini and saw similarities between his fascism and his national syndicalism. Inspired by the Italians, members of the movement wore blue shirts, earning them the nickname "Blue Shirts."

The MNS was more radical than the National Union in power, and criticized the Salazar regime for being too timid in transforming Portuguese society. The MNS was disbanded in 1934 by order of Salazar, but continued to operate underground until its leadership was expelled after a failed coup attempt in 1935. Preto settled in Spain, where he took part in the civil war on Franco's side.

The MNS movement was under strong influence Catholicism. Therefore, the cross of the Portuguese Order of Christ of the Crusader Knights of the 14th century was chosen as its symbol.

Romania

After the First World War, Romania, like other European countries, was overtaken by depression. And just as in Germany and Italy, economic problems and fear of communist revolution led to the emergence of extreme nationalist movements here. In 1927, charismatic leader Corneliu Codreanu created the Legion of Archangel Michael, or the Iron Guard. The “Iron Guard” combined religious mysticism with brutal anti-Semitism in its ideology. Members of the “guard” were most often recruited from among students. Codreanu's goal was the "Christian and racial purification" of the nation. Soon, from a tiny sect, the Legion of the Archangel Michael turned into a party that received 15.5% of the votes in the 1937 parliamentary elections, thus becoming the third largest party in the country.

The Iron Guard was perceived as a threat by the regime of King Carol II. When the king imposed a dictatorship in 1938, Codreanu was arrested and then killed, allegedly while trying to escape. As a result, Codreanu gained fame as a “martyr of fascism” and is still revered by modern Nazis around the world.

During World War II, members of the Iron Guard, called "legionnaires," collaborated with the occupying German forces and became notorious for their brutality.

Legionnaires greeted each other with the Roman salute or salute and wore green shirts, so they were called "greenshirts" (the color green was supposed to symbolize renewal).

The symbol of the organization was a stylized version of an intertwined Christian cross divided into three parts, reminiscent of prison bars. This sign was intended to symbolize martyrdom. The symbol was sometimes called the “Cross of Michael the Archangel” - the guardian angel of the Iron Guard.

Switzerland

In the 1920s, small fascist groups began to be created in Switzerland, following the example of neighboring Italy. In 1933, two such groups merged to form a party called the National Front. This party was heavily influenced by the German Nazis; following their example, she founded a youth and women's organization, and in the mid-30s - their own armed militia, which was called Harst or Auszug.

In the 1933 local elections, the Swiss National Front gained voter support on a wave of nationalism inspired by the Nazi rise to power in Germany. The party reached its maximum number of more than 9 thousand members in 1935, receiving 1.6% of the vote and one seat in the Swiss parliament. The party was led by Ernst Biederman, Rolf Henie and Robert Tobler. In 1940, the Front was banned by the government, but continued its activities until 1943.

The National Front created its own version of the Italian fascist style - with gray shirts. Members of the organization also adopted the Roman greeting. The symbol of the Front was a version of the Swiss flag, in which a white cross reached the borders of a red background.

Spain

The Spanish Phalanx was created in 1933. At first, like the Italian Fascists and German Nazis, the Falangists tried to come to power through elections, but they failed to win over enough voters to vote for conservative parties supported by the Catholic Church.

The next chance came after the victory of the socialist Popular Front party in the 1936 elections. The Spanish military, under the leadership of General Francisco Franco, refused to recognize the election results and began an armed uprising, which resulted in the civil war of 1936-1939. Initially Franco, he allowed the Falange, whose membership increased significantly after the elections, to become the most important part of the political apparatus, and adopted the party's political program. With the help of Italy and Germany, Franco and the Falangists won the civil war. However, despite the support, during the Second World War the Phalangists did not take Hitler’s side, and thanks to this they managed to retain power in the future.

After the war, Spain, like neighboring Portugal, became an authoritarian dictatorship. The Franco regime lasted until 1975. The Phalanx was formally disbanded in 1977.

The Phalanx symbol is borrowed from the coat of arms during the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, the unifiers of Spain in the 15th century. In 1931, the yoke and arrows were adopted as symbols of the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista party, which later merged with the Falange. Since ancient times, the yoke symbolized labor for a common goal, and arrows symbolized power. The red and black background is the colors of the Spanish syndicalists.

Great Britain

The British Union of Fascists (BUF) was created in 1932 by former Conservative MP and Labor government minister Sir Oswald Mosley. Mosley built his organization in the image and likeness of the Italian fascists and introduced a black uniform, for which members of the Union were called “Blackshirts.” The number of BUF reached 50 thousand people. In the mid-1930s, the party's popularity declined due to its members being involved in numerous violent incidents. The organization was banned in 1940, and Mosley spent most of World War II in prison.

Oswald Mosley believed that the British colonial empire was the modern heir to the Roman Empire, and therefore initially used a version of the Roman fasces as a party symbol. In 1936, the party adopted a new symbol: a lightning bolt inside a circle.

The colors were borrowed from the British flag. The circle is an ancient Christian symbol of unity. Lightning is a symbol of action, activity. In the post-war period, the same symbols were used by the American fascist group the National Revival Party. It is still found among right-wing extremists - for example, the British terrorist organization Combat 18 used lightning and a circle in the logo of The Order newspaper in the early 90s of the 20th century.

Sweden

In Sweden, the Swedish Fascist Struggle Organization (Sveriges Fascistiska Kamporganisation, SFKO) was created in 2006. The symbol of the "bundle of rods" was used both as a sign of the party and as the name of its main organ, Spöknippet.

After party leaders Konrad Hallgren and Sven Olaf Lindholm visited Germany, the party became closer to National Socialism and in the fall of 1929 changed its name to the Swedish National Socialist People's Party.

In 1930, it merged with other Nazi parties: Birger Furugård's National Socialist Farmers' and Workers' Association and the New Sweden Party. New organization was first called the New Swedish National Socialist Party, and soon became the Swedish National Socialist Party (SNSP). In the 1932 elections to the second chamber of the Riksdag, the party stood as candidates in nine electoral districts and received 15,188 votes.

Over time, the ideological differences between Furugård and Lindholm worsened to such an extent that on January 13, 1933, Lindholm and his supporters were expelled from the party. The next day, Lindholm formed the National Socialist Workers' Party (NSAP). The parties began to be called “Lindholm” and “Furugård”.

In October 1938, the NSAP changed its name again to the Swedish Socialist Association (SSS). Lindholm attributed the lack of success in recruiting new members to the fact that the party became too close to German National Socialism and used the German swastika as a symbol. His party called its ideology “folksocialism”, and instead of the swastika, it adopted the “Vasakärven sheaf” as its party symbol.

This heraldic symbol the unifier of Sweden, King Gustav Vasa, is of great national importance in Sweden. The word vase in Old Swedish means a sheaf of ears of grain. In the Middle Ages, various versions of such “sheaves” or “bundles” were used in the construction of significant buildings and laying roads. The “sheaf” depicted on the coat of arms of the Vasa dynasty served, in particular, to fill ditches during the assault on fortresses. When Gustav Vasa ascended the Swedish throne in 1523, this symbol appeared on the coat of arms of the Swedish state. The king's slogan "Varer svensk" (roughly "be a Swede") was often quoted in Nazi and fascist circles.

Germany

The National Socialist Workers' Party (NSDAP) of Germany was formed in 1919. In the 1920s, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the party grew into a mass movement, and by the time it came to power its ranks numbered almost 900 thousand members.

German National Socialism was in many ways similar to Italian fascism, but there were differences on several points. Both ideologies are marked by a pronounced cult of the leader's personality. Both of them sought to unite society into a single national movement. Both National Socialism and Fascism are clearly anti-democratic and both are anti-communist. But if the fascists considered the state the most important part of society, the Nazis instead talked about the purity of the race. In the eyes of the Nazis, the total power of the state was not a goal, but a means to achieve another goal: the good of the Aryan race and the German people. Where the fascists interpreted history as a constant process of struggle between different forms of state, the Nazis saw an eternal struggle between races.

This was reflected in the Nazi symbol, the swastika - ancient sign, which in the 19th century was combined with the myth of the Aryan race as the crown of creation. The Nazis adopted many of the outward signs of fascism. They created their own version of the fascist “style” and introduced the Roman salute. See Chapters 2 and 3 for more details.

Hungary

As in other European countries, fascist groups of various persuasions arose in Hungary during the period between the world wars. Some such groups united in 1935 to form the National Will Party. Two years later, this party was banned, but in 1939 it re-emerged under the name “Arrow Cross. Hungarian movement". In May of the same year, it became the country's second largest party and won 31 seats in parliament. With the outbreak of World War II, it was banned again, but in October 1944, the German occupation authorities installed the so-called government of national unity, led by Arrow Cross chairman Ferenc Szálasi, in power. This regime lasted only a few months, until February 1945, but in a short time sent about 80 thousand Jews to concentration camps.

Supporters of the "Salashists" (named after the party leader) took their name from the Christian cross with pointed ends, a symbol used by the Hungarians in the 10th century. In the ideology of the “Salashists,” the Hungarians were the dominant nation, and the Jews were considered the main enemies. Therefore, the sign of crossed arrows is in second place after the swastika, among the most anti-Semitic symbols of fascism. The crossed arrows, as well as the custom of marching in green shirts, were borrowed from the early fascist group of 1933 HNSALWP, which later became part of the National Will Party.

During the reign of the Szalasi government in Hungary, a flag appeared in the center of which there is a white circle on a red background, and in it there are black crossed arrows. Thus, the color scheme and structure of the German flag with a swastika were completely repeated. The SS troops, formed from Hungarian volunteers, also used this symbol for the Hungarian Divisions No. 2 and No. 3. Today this symbol is banned in Hungary.

In addition, the “Salashists” used the red-white-striped flag from the coat of arms of the dynasty of Hungarian princes Arpad, which ruled the country from the end of the 9th century until 1301.

Austria

In 1933, Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss abolished parliamentary rule and introduced a one-party system under the leadership of the Fatherland Front Party. The party combined Italian fascism and elements of Catholicism in its program, in other words, it professed clerical fascism. The Fatherland Front was in opposition to German National Socialism, and in 1934, Dollfuss was killed during a putsch attempt. Clerical fascism dominated the country until 1938, when Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany.

The flag of the Fatherland Front party is a so-called crutch cross on a red and white background. The cross has the same ancient roots as the crosses of the crusader knights, and in the Christian tradition is called cross potent. Its use in the 1930s in Austria was an attempt to compete with the Nazi swastika.

The urban legend of the Soviet pioneers said that the swastika was the four letters G gathered in a circle: Hitler, Goebbels, Goering, Himmler. The children did not think that the German Gs are actually different letters - H and G. Although the number of leading Nazis on G really went off scale - you can also remember Grohe, and Hess, and many others. But it's better not to remember.

The German Nazis used this sign even before Hitler came to power. And why they showed such interest in the swastika is not at all surprising: for them it was an object of mystical power that came from India, from the original Aryan territories. Well, it also looked beautiful, and the leaders of the national socialist movement always attached great importance to issues of aesthetics.

Statue of an Indian elephant with a swastika on the site of the old Carlsberg brewery in Copenhagen. The statue has nothing to do with Nazism: pay attention to the dots near the center

If we consider the swastika not as part of patterns and designs, but as an independent object, then its first appearance dates back to approximately the 6th-5th centuries BC. It can be seen on objects found in excavations in the Middle East. Why is it customary to call India the birthplace of the swastika? Because the word “swastika” itself is taken from Sanskrit (a literary ancient Indian language), means “well-being”, and purely graphically (according to the most common theory) symbolizes the Sun. Four-pointedness is far from necessary for it; there is also a great variety of angles of rotation, inclination of rays and additional patterns. In classical Hindu form, she is usually depicted as in the picture below.

There are many interpretations of which direction the swastika should rotate. There is even discussion of dividing them into female and male, depending on the direction

Due to the high popularity of the Sun among people of all races, it is logical that the swastika is an element of symbolism, writing and graphics among hundreds and hundreds of ancient peoples scattered throughout the planet. Even in Christianity it has found its place, and there is an opinion that the Christian cross is its direct descendant. Family traits are really easy to discern. In our dear Orthodoxy, swastika-like elements were called “gammatic cross” and were often used in the design of temples. True, now it is not so easy to detect their traces in Russia, since after the start of the Great Patriotic War even harmless Orthodox swastikas were eliminated.

Orthodox gamma cross

The swastika is such a widespread object of world culture and religion that what is rather surprising is the rarity of its appearance in the modern world. Logically, she should follow us everywhere. The answer is really simple: after the collapse of the Third Reich, it began to evoke such unpleasant associations that they got rid of it with unprecedented zeal. This is amusingly reminiscent of the story of the name Adolf, which was extremely popular in Germany at all times, but almost disappeared from use after 1945.

Craftsmen have gotten used to finding swastikas in the most unexpected places. With the advent of space images of the Earth in the public domain, the search for natural and architectural incidents has turned into a kind of sport. The most popular site for conspiracy theorists and swastikophiles is the naval base building in San Diego, California, designed in 1967.

The US Navy spent $600 thousand to somehow rid this building of its resemblance to a swastika, but the final result is disappointing

The Russian Internet and some station stalls are filled with all sorts of interpreters of Slavic pagan swastikas, where they meticulously explain in pictures what “yarovrat”, “svitovit” or “posolon” ​​means. It sounds and looks exciting, but keep in mind that there is no trace of any scientific basis behind these myths. Even the term “Kolovrat”, which has come into use, supposedly Slavic name swastikas are the product of speculation and myth-making.

A beautiful example of rich Slavophile fantasy. Pay special attention to the name of the first swastika on the second page

Outlandish mystical powers are attributed to the swastika, hence the interest in it from people who are suspicious, superstitious or prone to the occult. Does it bring happiness to the wearer? Think about it: Hitler used it both in the tail and in the mane, and ended up so badly that you wouldn’t wish it on your enemy.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna was a big fan of swastikas. She drew the symbol everywhere she could reach with pencils and paints, especially in her children’s rooms, so that they would grow up healthy and not worry about anything. But the empress was shot by the Bolsheviks along with her entire family. The conclusions are obvious.

The word “swastika” in Sanskrit means the following: “svasti” (स्वस्ति) - greeting, wish for good luck, “su” (सु) translated means “good, good”, and “asti” (अस्ति), which means “is, to be” "

Few people now remember that the Swastika was depicted on Soviet money in the period from 1917 to 1923, as a legalized state symbol; that on the sleeve patches of soldiers and officers of the Red Army during the same period there was also a Swastika in laurel wreath, and inside the Swastika were the letters R.S.F.S.R. There is even an opinion that the Golden Swastika-Kolovrat, as a party symbol, was given to Adolf Hitler by Comrade I.V. Stalin in 1920. So many legends and conjectures have accumulated around this ancient symbol that we decided to tell in more detail about this oldest solar cult symbol on Earth.

The swastika symbol is a rotating cross with curved ends directed clockwise or counterclockwise. As a rule, now all over the world all Swastika symbols are called in one word - SWASTIKA, which is fundamentally wrong, because In ancient times, each Swastika symbol had its own name, purpose, Protective Power and Figurative meaning.

Swastika symbolism, being the oldest, is most often found in archaeological excavations. More often than other symbols, it was found in ancient mounds, on the ruins of ancient cities and settlements. In addition, they were depicted on various details of architecture, weapons, and household utensils of many peoples of the world. Swastika symbolism is found everywhere in ornamentation as a sign of Light, Sun, Love, Life. In the West, there was even an interpretation that the Swastika symbol must be understood as an abbreviation of four words starting with the Latin letter “L”: Light - Light, Sun; Love - Love; Life - Life; Luck - Fate, Luck, Happiness (see card below).

English greeting card from the early 20th century

The oldest archaeological artifacts depicting swastika symbols now date back to approximately 4-15 millennium BC. (below is a vessel from the Scythian Kingdom of 3-4 thousand BC). According to archaeological excavations, the richest areas for the use of the swastika, both a religious and cultural symbol, are Russia and Siberia.

Neither Europe, nor India, nor Asia can compare with Russia or Siberia in the abundance of swastika symbols covering Russian weapons, banners, national costumes, household utensils, everyday and agricultural items, as well as houses and temples. Excavations of ancient mounds, cities and settlements speak for themselves - many ancient Slavic cities had a clear form of Swastika, oriented to the four cardinal directions. This can be seen in the example of Vendogard and others (below is a reconstruction plan for Arkaim).

Reconstruction plan of Arkaim L.L. Gurevich

The swastika and swastika-solar symbols were the main and, one might even say, almost the only elements of the most ancient Proto-Slavic ornaments. But this does not mean at all that the Slavs and Aryans were bad artists.

Firstly, there were a great many varieties of images of Swastika symbols. Secondly, in ancient times, not a single pattern was applied to any object just like that, because each element of the pattern corresponded to a certain cult or protective (amulet) meaning, because each symbol in the pattern had its own mystical power.

By combining various mystical forces, white people created a favorable atmosphere around themselves and their loved ones, in which it was easiest to live and create. These were carved patterns, stucco molding, painting, beautiful carpets woven by hardworking hands (see photo below).

Traditional Celtic carpet with swastika pattern

But not only the Aryans and Slavs believed in the mystical power of swastika patterns. The same symbols were discovered on clay vessels from Samarra (the territory of modern Iraq), which date back to the 5th millennium BC.

Swastika symbols in levorotatory and dextrorotatory forms are found in the pre-Aryan culture of Mohenjo-Daro (Indus River basin) and ancient China around 2000 BC.

In Northeast Africa, archaeologists have found a funerary stele from the kingdom of Meroz, which existed in the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. The fresco on the stele depicts a woman entering the afterlife; a Swastika is emblazoned on the clothes of the deceased.

The rotating cross adorns golden weights for scales that belonged to the inhabitants of Ashanta (Ghana), and clay utensils of the ancient Indians, beautiful carpets woven by the Persians and Celts.

Man-made belts created by the Komi, Russians, Sami, Latvians, Lithuanians and other peoples are also filled with swastika symbols, and at present it is difficult even for an ethnographer to figure out which people these ornaments belong to. Judge for yourself.

Since ancient times, swastika symbolism has been the main and dominant symbol among almost all peoples on the territory of Eurasia: Slavs, Germans, Mari, Pomors, Skalvi, Curonians, Scythians, Sarmatians, Mordovians, Udmurts, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Indians, Icelanders, Scots and many others.

In many ancient Beliefs and religions, the Swastika is the most important and brightest cult symbol. So, in ancient Indian philosophy and Buddhism (below the Foot of the Buddha). The swastika is a symbol of the eternal cycle of the universe, a symbol of the Buddha's Law, to which everything that exists is subject. (Dictionary “Buddhism”, M., “Republic”, 1992); in Tibetan Lamaism - a protective symbol, a symbol of happiness and a talisman.

In India and Tibet, the Swastika is depicted everywhere: on the walls and gates of temples (see photo below), on residential buildings, as well as on the fabrics in which all sacred texts and tablets are wrapped. Very often, sacred texts from the Book of the Dead, which are written on funeral covers, are framed with swastika ornaments before cremation.

At the gate of the Vedic Temple. Northern India, 2000

Warships in the roadstead (in the inland sea). XVIII century

You can see the image of many Swastikas both in an old Japanese engraving of the 18th century (picture above) and on the unparalleled mosaic floors in the halls of the St. Petersburg Hermitage and other places (picture below).

Pavilion Hall of the Hermitage. Mosaic floor. year 2001

But you will not find any reports about this in the media, because they have no idea what the Swastika is, what ancient figurative meaning it carries, what it has meant for many millennia and means now for the Slavs and Aryans and many peoples inhabiting our Earth.

In these media, alien to the Slavs, the Swastika is called either a German cross or a fascist sign and reduces its image and meaning only to Adolf Hitler, Germany 1933-45, to fascism (National Socialism) and the Second World War.

Modern "journalists", "historians" and guardians " universal human values“as if they forgot that the Swastika is the oldest Russian symbol, that in past times representatives supreme authority In order to enlist the support of the people, they always made the Swastika a state symbol and placed its image on money.

250 ruble banknote of the Provisional Government. 1917

1000 ruble banknote of the Provisional Government. 1917

5000 ruble banknote of the Soviet Government. 1918

10,000 ruble banknote of the Soviet Government. 1918

This is what the princes and tsars did, the Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks, who later seized power from them.

Now few people know that the matrices of the 250 ruble banknote, with the image of the Swastika symbol - Kolovrat - against the background of a double-headed eagle, were made according to a special order and sketches of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II.

The Provisional Government used these matrices to issue banknotes in denominations of 250, and later 1000 rubles.

Beginning in 1918, the Bolsheviks introduced new banknotes in denominations of 5,000 and 10,000 rubles, which depicted three Swastika-Kolovrat: two smaller Kolovrat in side ligatures intertwined with large numbers 5,000, 10,000, and a large Kolovrat is placed in the middle.

But, unlike the 1000 rubles of the Provisional Government, which had the State Duma depicted on the reverse side, the Bolsheviks placed a double-headed eagle on banknotes. Money with the Swastika-Kolovrat was printed by the Bolsheviks and was in use until 1923, and only after the appearance of USSR banknotes were they taken out of circulation.

The authorities of Soviet Russia, in order to gain support in Siberia, created sleeve patches for the soldiers of the Red Army of the South-Eastern Front in 1918, they depicted a Swastika with the abbreviation R.S.F.S.R. inside.

But they also did: Russian Government A.V. Kolchak, calling under the banner of the Siberian Volunteer Corps; Russian emigrants in Harbin and Paris, and then the National Socialists in Germany.

Created in 1921 according to the designs of Adolf Hitler, the party symbols and flag of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party) later became state symbols Germany (1933-1945).

Few people now know that in Germany the National Socialists did not use the Swastika, but a symbol similar to it in design - Hakenkreuz, which has a completely different figurative meaning - changing the world around us and a person’s worldview.

For many millennia, different designs of swastika symbols have had a powerful influence on people’s lifestyles, their psyche (Soul) and subconscious, uniting representatives of various tribes for some bright purpose; gave a powerful surge of light divine forces, revealing the internal reserves in people for comprehensive creation for the benefit of their Clans, in the name of justice, prosperity and well-being of their Fatherland.

At first, only the clergy of various Tribal cults, creeds and religions used this, then representatives of the highest state authorities began to use swastika symbols - princes, kings, etc., and after them all kinds of occultists and political figures turned to the Swastika.

After the Bolsheviks completely captured all levels of power, the need for support of the Soviet regime by the Russian people disappeared, because it would be easier to confiscate the values ​​​​created by the same Russian people. Therefore, in 1923, the Bolsheviks abandoned the Swastika, leaving only the five-pointed star, Hammer and Sickle as state symbols.

In ancient times, when our Ancestors used, the word Swastika was translated as Who Came from Heaven. Since Rune - SVA meant Heaven (hence Svarog - Heavenly God), - S - Rune of direction; Runes - TIKA - movement, coming, flow, running. Our children and grandchildren still pronounce the word tick, i.e. run. In addition, the figurative form - TIKA is still found in everyday words Arctic, Antarctic, mysticism, homiletics, politics, etc.

Ancient Vedic sources tell us that even our galaxy has the shape of a Swastika, and our Yarila-Sun system is located in one of the arms of this Heavenly Swastika. And since we are located in the galactic sleeve, our entire galaxy (its ancient name is Svasti) is perceived by us as Perun’s Way or the Milky Way.

Any person who loves to look at the scattering of stars at night can see the constellation Swastika to the left of the constellation Mokosh (Ursa Major) (see below). It shines in the skies, but has been excluded from modern star maps and atlases.

As a cult and everyday solar symbol that brings happiness, good luck, prosperity, joy and prosperity, the Swastika was initially used only among the white people of the Great Race, professing the Old Faith of the First Ancestors - Ingliism, the Druidic cults of Ireland, Scotland, Scandinavia.

The Legacy of the Ancestors brought the news that for many millennia the Slavs used Swastika symbols. There were 144 types of them: Swastika, Kolovrat, Posolon, Holy Dar, Svasti, Svaor, Solntsevrat, Agni, Fash, Mara; Inglia, Solar Cross, Solard, Vedara, Light, Fern Flower, Perunov Color, Swati, Race, Bogovnik, Svarozhich, Svyatoch, Yarovrat, Odolen-Grass, Rodimich, Charovrat, etc.

We could list more, but it would be better to briefly consider a few Solar Swastika symbols: their outline and figurative meaning.

Vedic symbols of the Slavic-Aryans and their meaning

Various variations of Swastika symbols with no less different meanings are found not only in cult and protective symbols, but also in the form of Runes, which, like letters in ancient times, had their own figurative meaning. So, for example, in the ancient Kh’Aryan Karuna, i.e. In the runic alphabet, there were four runes depicting the Swastika elements:

Rune Fash - had a figurative meaning: a powerful, directed, destructive Fire flow (thermonuclear fire)…

The Agni rune had figurative meanings: the Sacred Fire of the hearth, as well as the Sacred Fire of Life, located in the human body, and other meanings...

Rune Mara - had a figurative meaning: the Ice Flame guarding the Peace of the Universe. The rune of transition from the World of Revealing to the World of Light Navi (Glory), incarnation in a new Life... Symbol of Winter and Sleep.

Rune Inglia - had the figurative meaning of the Primary Fire of the Creation of the Universe, from this Fire many different Universes and various forms of Life appeared...

Swastika symbols carry a huge secret meaning. They contain enormous Wisdom. Each Swastika symbol reveals to us a Great picture of the universe.

The Heritage of the Ancestors says that the knowledge of Ancient Wisdom does not accept a stereotypical approach. The study of ancient symbols and ancient Traditions must be approached with an open heart and a pure Soul.

Not for profit, but for knowledge!

Swastika symbols in Russia were used for political purposes by all and sundry: monarchists, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, but much earlier representatives of the Black Hundred began to use their Swastikas, then the baton was picked up by the Russian Fascist Party in Harbin. At the end of the 20th century, the organization Russian National Unity began to use Swastika symbols (see below).

A knowledgeable person will never say that the Swastika is a German or fascist symbol. Only foolish and ignorant people say this, because they reject what they are not able to understand and know, and also try to pass off what they want as reality.

But if ignorant people reject some symbol or some information, this still does not mean that this symbol or information does not exist.

Denial or distortion of truth to please some disrupts the harmonious development of others. Even the ancient symbol of the Greatness of Fertility of the Mother of the Raw Earth, called in ancient times SOLARD, is considered by some incompetent people to be a fascist symbol. A symbol that appeared many thousands of years before the rise of National Socialism.

At the same time, it does not even take into account the fact that RNE’s SOLARD is combined with the Star of Lada the Mother of God, where the Divine Forces (Golden Field), the Forces of the Primary Fire (red), the Heavenly Forces (blue) and the Forces of Nature (green) are united. The only difference between the original Mother Nature Symbol and the sign that RNE uses is the multi-colored nature of the Original Mother Nature Symbol and the two-colored one of Russian National Unity.

Ordinary people had their own names for Swastika symbols. In the villages of the Ryazan province they called it “feather grass” - the embodiment of the Wind; on Pechora - “hare”, here the graphic symbol was perceived as a piece of Sunlight, a ray, a Sunny Bunny; in some places the Solar Cross was called “horse”, “horse shank” (horse head), because a long time ago the horse was considered a symbol of the Sun and Wind; were called Swastika-Solyarniks and “Ognivtsy”, again, in honor of Yarila the Sun. The people very correctly felt both the Fiery, Flaming Nature of the symbol (Sun) and its Spiritual essence (Wind).

The oldest master of Khokhloma painting, Stepan Pavlovich Veseloye (1903-1993) from the village of Mogushino, Nizhny Novgorod region, following traditions, painted the Swastika on wooden plates and bowls, calling it “red rose”, the Sun, and explained: “It is the wind that shakes and moves a blade of grass.”

In the photo you can see swastika symbols even on the carved cutting board.

In the villages, girls and women still wear smart shirts and shirts for holidays, and men wear blouses embroidered with swastika symbols of various shapes. They bake lush loaves and sweet cookies, decorated on top with Kolovrat, Salting, Solstice and other Swastika patterns.

As mentioned earlier, before the onset of the second half of the 20th century, the main and almost the only patterns and symbols that existed in Slavic embroidery were Swastika ornaments.

But in the second half of the 20th century, in America, Europe and the USSR they began to decisively eradicate this Solar symbol, and they eradicated it in the same way as they had previously eradicated: the ancient folk Slavic and Aryan Culture; ancient Faith and folk traditions; the true Heritage of the Ancestors, undistorted by the rulers, and the long-suffering Slavic people themselves, the bearer of the ancient Slavic-Aryan Culture.

And even now, many of the same people or their descendants are trying to ban any types of rotating Solar crosses, but using different pretexts: if earlier this was done under the pretext of class struggle and anti-Soviet conspiracies, now it is a fight against extremist activity.

For those who are not indifferent to the ancient Native Great Russian Culture, here are several typical patterns of Slavic embroidery of the 18th-20th centuries. On all enlarged fragments you can see Swastika symbols and ornaments for yourself.

The use of swastika symbols in ornaments in the Slavic lands is simply innumerable. They are used in the Baltic states, Belarus, the Volga region, Pomorie, Perm, Siberia, the Caucasus, the Urals, Altai and the Far East and other regions.

Academician B.A. Rybakov called the Solar symbol - Kolovrat - a connecting “link between the Paleolithic, where it first appeared, and modern ethnography, which provides countless examples of swastika patterns in fabrics, embroidery and weaving.”

But after the Second World War, in which Russia, as well as all Slavic and Aryan peoples, suffered huge losses, the enemies of the Aryan and Slavic Culture began to equate fascism with the Swastika.

The Slavs used this Solar sign throughout their existence

The flow of lies and fabrications regarding the Swastika has filled the cup of absurdity. “Russian teachers” in modern schools, lyceums and gymnasiums in Russia teach children that the Swastika is a German fascist cross made up of four letters “G”, indicating the first letters of the leaders of Nazi Germany: Hitler, Himmler, Goering and Goebbels (sometimes it is replaced by Hess ).

Listening to teachers, you might think that Germany during the time of Adolf Hitler used exclusively the Russian alphabet, and not at all the Latin script and the German Runic.

Do German surnames: HITLER, HIMMLER, GERING, GEBELS (HESS) contain at least one Russian letter “G” - no! But the flow of lies does not stop.

Swastika patterns and elements have been used by the peoples of the Earth over the past 10-15 thousand years, which is confirmed even by archaeological scientists.

Ancient thinkers said more than once: “Two troubles hinder human development: ignorance and ignorance.” Our Ancestors were knowledgeable and in charge, and therefore used various Swastika elements and ornaments in everyday life, considering them symbols of Yarila the Sun, Life, Happiness and Prosperity.

In general, only one symbol was called Swastika. This is an equilateral cross with curved short rays. Each beam has a 2:1 ratio.

Only narrow-minded and ignorant people can denigrate everything pure, bright and dear that remains among the Slavic and Aryan peoples.

Let's not be like them! Do not paint over Swastika symbols in ancient Slavic Temples and Christian churches, and on the Images of the Many-Wise Ancestors.

Do not destroy, at the whim of the ignorant and Slav-haters, the so-called “Soviet staircase”, the mosaic floor and ceilings of the Hermitage or the domes of the Moscow St. Basil’s Cathedral just because various versions of the Swastika have been painted on them for hundreds of years.

Everyone knows that the Slavic prince Prophetic Oleg nailed his shield to the gates of Constantinople (Constantinople), but few people now know what was depicted on the shield. However, a description of the symbolism of his shield and armor can be found in historical chronicles (Drawing of the shield of the Prophetic Oleg below).

Prophetic people, that is, those who have the gift of Spiritual Foresight and those who know the Ancient Wisdom, which they left to people, were endowed by the Priests with various symbols. One of these most notable people was the Slavic prince - Prophetic Oleg.

In addition to being a prince and an excellent military strategist, he was also a high-level priest. The symbolism that was depicted on his clothes, weapons, armor and princely banner tells about this in all detailed images.

The Fiery Swastika (symbolizing the land of the Ancestors) in the center of the nine-pointed Star of England (symbol of the Faith of the First Ancestors) was surrounded by the Great Kolo (Circle of Patron Gods), which emitted eight rays of Spiritual Light (the eighth degree of Priestly initiation) to the Svarog Circle. All this symbolism spoke of the enormous spiritual and physical strength that is directed to the defense of the Motherland and the Holy Old Faith.

They believed in the Swastika as a talisman that “attracts” good luck and happiness. In Ancient Rus' it was believed that if you draw Kolovrat on your palm, you will definitely be lucky. Even modern students draw Swastikas on their palms before exams. Swastikas were also painted on the walls of the house so that happiness would reign there; this exists in Russia, Siberia, and India.

For those readers who wish to receive more information about the Swastika, we recommend Ethno-religious essays by Roman Vladimirovich Bagdasarov “SWASTIKA: A Sacred Symbol”.

One generation replaces another, state systems and regimes collapse, but as long as the People remember their Ancient Roots, honor the traditions of their Great Ancestors, preserve their Ancient culture and symbols, until that time the People are ALIVE and will LIVE!

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