Past, present, future in the play “The Cherry Orchard. New generation, young Russia in the play And who is the future of the cherry orchard

Lesson topic: “Past, present and future in the play “The Cherry Orchard” by A.P. Chekhov.

Innovation of Chekhov - playwright.

Lesson objectives:

To deepen students’ understanding of A.P.’s play. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard": determine the principles for grouping characters.

Characterize the originality of the playwright’s portrayal of various types of people at turning points in their lives.

Continue to develop interest in Russian literature.

To develop students’ oral speech, to develop the ability to think on moral and philosophical topics.

Methods and techniques: test, conversation on issues, analytical reading, analysis of episodes, teacher’s word.

During the classes.

Org moment.

Greeting, establishing discipline, writing down the number and topic of the lesson on the board, checking the availability of educational material.

Epigraph for the lesson.

2. Take with you on the journey, emerging from the soft youthful years into stern, embittered courage, take with you all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!

A.P. Chekhov

Survey.

1 In what city was A.P. born? Chekhov?

a) Tula;

b) Taganrog;

c) Tarusa;

d) Tyumen.

2 Who was Anton Pavlovich Chekhov by education?

a) Lawyer;

b) Teacher;

c) Doctor;

d) Diplomat.

3 Where was the estate bought by Chekhov in 1892, where the writer grew a garden and built a school?

a) Tarkhany;

b) Yasnaya Polyana;

c) Melikhovo;

d) Boldino.

4 What was the name of the St. Petersburg weekly artistic and humorous magazine, in which A.P. made his debut in 1878? Chekhov?
a) “Crocodile”;

b) “Ruff”;
c) “Dragonfly”;

d) "Butterfly".

5 Name one of A.P.’s pseudonyms. Chekhov, with whom he signed his stories.
a) “A man without a heart”;

b) “Man without a stomach”;

c) “The Man Without a Spleen”;

d) “A man without humor.”

6 Which of these famous artists was A.P.’s friend? Chekhov?

a) V.I. Surikov;

b) I.I. Levitan;

c) O.A. Kiprensky;

d) V.D. Polenov.

7 How A.P. Did Chekhov define brevity?
a) Mother of learning;

b) Mother of order;

c) Sister of talent;

d) Orphan Kazan.

8 What kind of fish swims in the collected works of A.P. Chekhov?
a) The wise minnow;

b) Crucian idealist;
c) Burbot;

d) Shark Karakula.
(“Bubot” - story by A.P. Chekhov.)
9. Writers, making dogs characters in their works, sought to show sides of a person’s character. Which of these literary masterpieces with four-legged heroes belongs to the pen of A.P. Chekhov?
a) “White poodle”;
b) “Moo-moo”;
c) “Kashtanka”;
d) “White Bim Black Ear.”
(“Moo-moo” was written by I.S. Turgenev, “White Poodle” by A.I. Kuprin, “White Bim Black Ear” by G.N. Troepolsky.)

10. What character does A.P. have? Chekhov?
a) Ionych;
b) Kationych;
c) Elektronich;
d) Protonich.

11. What was the profession of Chekhov’s character Ionych?
a) Doctor;
b) Teacher;
c) Artist;
d) A writer.

12.Which of A.P.’s relatives? Chekhov was an outstanding actor?
And the father;
b) Uncle;
c) Nephew;
d) Brother.
(Mikhail Alexandrovich Chekhov.)

-Guys, you were given written homework: write an essay on the topic: “How is the degradation of the zemstvo doctor Startsev in Ionycha happening.

Conclusion: Chekhov, like a doctor writing a medical history, shows the process of gradual death of the soul. At the same time, as always with Chekhov, the moral death of an intelligent and educated person is not only to blame for the circumstances, conditions of provincial life, philistinism, but also for himself: he did not have enough vitality and stamina to withstand the influence of time and environment.

This story expresses an alarming thought about the most terrible loss for a person - the loss of a living spiritual principle, about the irreparable waste of time, the most valuable asset of human life, about a person’s personal responsibility to himself, to society. A thought that is relevant for all times...

Now let's move on to the most important question of our lesson: “How are the past, present and future presented in the play “The Cherry Orchard.”

In your opinion, how is the past presented in the play?

Past tense in the play.

Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna

A rich noblewoman who rode horses to Paris and had generals, barons, and admirals dance at her balls, had a dacha even in the South of France. The past now stands before Ranevskaya in the form of a blooming cherry orchard, which must be sold for debts.

Distinctive features of the heroine:

Silence, inability, romantic enthusiasm, mental instability, inability to live.

At first glance, her character has many good traits. She is outwardly charming, loves nature, music. This, according to the reviews of those around her, is a sweet, “kind, nice” woman, simple and spontaneous. Ranevskaya is trusting and sincere to the point of enthusiasm. But there is no depth in her emotional experiences: her moods are fleeting, she is sentimental and easily moves from tears to carefree laughter.

She seems to be sensitive and attentive to people. And yet, what spiritual emptiness is hidden behind this external well-being, what indifference and indifference to everything that goes beyond her personal well-being.

Guys, homework will be as follows:

a) write a mini-essay on the next year of true love?

Results for the lesson.

(All the characters feel growing anxiety, but things don’t go any further. People are trying to cheat time and even on the day of the auction there is a party at the estate “You can hear the orchestra playing in the hall. It’s evening. They’re dancing in the hall.”)

With the sale of the garden, Ranevskaya’s fate is decided. Both she and her brother love the garden very much, but they are childishly hidden from this issue.

Tell me, how does Ranevskaya feel about her daughters?

(In words, she loves them, but leaves them to their fate, taking the last of their money and leaving for Paris. Moreover, she is going to live on the money that Anya’s grandmother sent to buy the estate.)

Gaev Leonid Andreevich, brother of Ranevskaya

Silent, worthless, he lived his whole life on the estate, doing nothing.

He admits that he spent his fortune on candy. His only hobby is billiards. He is completely immersed in thoughts about various combinations of billiard moves: “yellow in the middle... Doublet in the corner!”

REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PAST

People who are used to living carefreely without working. They cannot even comprehend their situation. These heroes are the last representatives of the degenerating nobility. They have no future.

Present tense in the play.

- Which of the heroes is a representative of the present time?

Lopakhin

A merchant who emerged from the ranks of the serf peasantry, an intelligent, energetic businessman of a new formation.

Distinctive features of the heroine:

Enormous energy, enterprise, a wide scope of work, Lopakhin correctly understands the situation of the owners of the cherry orchard and gives them practical advice, which the owners of the orchard refuse.

Lopakhin becomes the owner of the estate created by the hands of his great-grandfathers. He says triumphantly: “If only my father and grandfather would get up from their graves and look at everything that was happening like their Ermolai, the beaten, illiterate Ermolai, who ran barefoot in the winter, how this Ermolai bought an estate, the most beautiful of which there is nothing in the world!”

The place and significance of Lopakhin in the play can be explained by the words of Petya Trofimov: “This is how, in terms of metabolism, you need a predatory beast that eats everything that gets in its way...”

Future tense in the play.

- Which of the characters does the author of the plays connect his ideas about the future with?

Petya Trofimov

A poor student is a commoner who makes his way in life through honest work. His life path is not easy. He has already been fired from the university twice, he is always full and may find himself without a roof over his head.

Distinctive features of the hero:

Trofimov lives with faith in the bright future of his homeland. "Forward! We are moving uncontrollably towards a bright star that is burning there, in the distance! Forward! Don't lag behind, friends!

Petya Trofimov keenly sees today's troubles and is animated by a dream about the future. In his dreams he was ahead of time, but in reality he is no less helpless than Ranevskaya. He is endowed with self-esteem.

He is unselfish and touching, smart and fair. But he is not a hero.

Petya's monologues in the play do not lead to any specific actions. Maybe that’s why Petya sometimes seems like a ranting windbag who, in an incomprehensible excitement, refutes everything in a row, but cannot offer anything in return.

He takes on an impossible task, but cannot yet solve it.

Conclusion: Chekhov gives absolute rightness to neither the gentlemen (representatives of the passing time), nor the merchant Lopakhin (Hero of today), nor the student Trofimov (Boldly looking into the future). None of them can save Russia, indicate the path of its development and participate in its transformation.

- Tell me, who says that it is in the image of the cherry orchard that time is shown in the play? ( This is what Petya Trofimov says: “All of Russia is our garden... from every cherry tree, from every leaf, from every trunk, human beings look at you, don’t you really hear voices” (Act two)

- The GARDEN is a symbol of historical memory and eternal renewal of life.

From all of the above, we can conclude that all the heroes of the play are divided into three groups: 1. Heroes of the past; 2 Heroes of the present; 3Heroes of the future

By this division, Chekhov shows that representatives of the past cannot live either in the present or in the future, they always remain in the past. The heroes of the present live today and think about the future, creating its foundation. And the future in the play is uncertain, and no one knows what it will be like, although the heroes of the future believe that it is happy.

What is innovative about Chekhov's dramaturgy? (Chekhov depicts the everyday life, using psychological subtext as a means of revealing the character’s inner life. Chekhov in his works exposes the vulgarity of life, philistinism. But at the same time he shows faith in the future of his homeland, in the possibility of changing life, shows new people who have the strength to change .)

Emotional ending of the lesson

- A.P. Chekhov loved to plant gardens. May cherry trees grow outside our window today, despite the cold. And now we will see what fruits will appear on it.

- Guys, you have cherries of two colors, read what is written on them, make a choice and attach them to the tree.

(Students attach cherries to the poster; the result of the lesson is immediately clear from the color of the fruit)

Yellow

it was difficult

it was boring

I didn't like the lesson

felt nervous

felt fear

Pink

it was interesting

it was comfortable

nice communication with the teacher

I learned a lot

surprised by Chekhov's fate

I liked the lesson

Here is an essay on the work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, or rather on his play “The Cherry Orchard,” written at the beginning of the 20th century shortly before the death of the great writer. The essay is intended for 10th grade or 11th grade students.

THE FUTURE IN D.P.'S PLAY CHEKHOV'S "CHERRY ORCHARD"

The play “The Cherry Orchard” was written by Chekhov in 1904 - in the last year of the writer’s life. It was perceived by the reader as the creative testament of a talented satirist and playwright. One of the main themes of this play is the theme of the future of Russia. This theme is revealed through the images of Petya Trofimov and Anya, Ranevskaya’s daughter. While covering this topic, Chekhov simultaneously raises in the play a number of other problems that are characteristic of all Russian literature as a whole. These are the problems of fathers and children, the human doer, love and suffering. All these problems are intertwined in the content of The Cherry Orchard, the leitmotif of which is the farewell of the new, young Russia to its past, its aspiration to a brighter day tomorrow.

The image of Russia is embodied in the very title of the play “The Cherry Orchard.” " All Russia is our garden ,” says Chekhov through the lips of his hero. And, indeed, the cherry orchard for Ranevskaya and her brother Gaev is a family nest, a symbol of youth, prosperity and a former graceful life. The owners of the garden love it, although they do not know how to preserve or save it. Ranevskaya speaks with tears and tenderness about her estate:

“...I love this house, I don’t understand my life without the cherry orchard, and if you really need to sell, then sell me along with the orchard...”

But for Ranevskaya and Gaev, the cherry orchard is a symbol of the past. Another hero, the active Lopakhin, looks at the garden only from the practical side. He sees in it an opportunity to get a big income, and he does not stand on ceremony with his methods. Ermolai Lopakhin, the new merchant-industrialist, symbolizes the present of Russia, its transition to the capitalist path of development.

Chekhov connects the future prosperity of Russia with the younger generation, represented in the play by Petya Trofimov and Anya. It is they who will have to build a new Russia, plant new cherry orchards. Petya Trofimov is the son of a pharmacist, a commoner, who makes his way in life through oral labor. He is poor and familiar with the hard life of the people. Petya believes that only through continuous work can you change the oppressed situation of the people and achieve a bright future for your country. Trofimov is smart, proud and honest in his thoughts. He lives with faith in the wonderful future of Russia and enthusiastically shares this faith with those around him: “ Forward! Don't lag behind, friends! “His speech is bright, convincing, full of patriotism. Sometimes, of course, Trofimov is wrong or overly categorical, as is typical for youth. One day he declares to Ranevskaya: “ We are above love! "Such accidents in his behavior allow the older generation to consider him a klutz or "shabby gentleman" as Varya called him. But his bright and sincere faith in the happy future of his Motherland, his energy and willingness to act evoke sympathy among readers and trust in Anya, Ranevskaya’s daughter.

Anya is a young, educated girl. Her soul is distinguished by spontaneity and beauty of feelings. She can enjoy an entertaining hot air balloon flight like a child, and at the same time, unlike her mother, she shows interest and concern for the household affairs of the estate.

She considers exploitation immoral, she wants to work to provide for herself and her mother and through work to become useful to society. Her plans are simple: pass the exam for a gymnasium course, then study and work. Here is her naive idea of ​​happiness:

Such ardent movements of the soul and noble impulses bring these two images closer together. They symbolize hope for a better future. It is with their lives that Chekhov connects the future of Russia, it is in their mouths that he puts his own thoughts, despite the fact that the estate has been sold, and axes are already knocking in the garden, the author believes that new people will come and plant new gardens, “ there is nothing more beautiful in the world «.

“The Cherry Orchard” is the great creation of Chekhov, who put comedy on a par with drama and tragedy, raising it to unattainable heights.

I hope you liked the proposed essay on the topic THE FUTURE IN D.P.’S PLAY. CHEKHOV'S "CHERRY ORCHARD"

Each of us wishes for ourselves and our loved ones a better life, a bright future without worries and worries. In A.P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard,” the title itself sets the reader up for positive emotions that involuntarily arise when contemplating the beauty of a blooming garden. The comedy takes place around an ancient noble estate and its inhabitants, reflecting their characters and shaping their destinies. Watching the behavior of the characters, you involuntarily begin to think about more global things, not just about the future of a particular family, but about the future of the entire state. But thoughts about the future are inseparably linked with the analysis of the past and present. We observe a landowner's estate, which reflects the past bitterness of the serf slaves, who, according to Petya Trofimov, look out from every leaf of this beautiful blooming garden. We also involuntarily imagine the carefree life of noble families, which for many generations existed due to the labor of disenfranchised people.

Thanks to a life devoid of worries, the nobles allow themselves to spend their free time on poetry and art, forming a layer of highly educated, intellectual and cultured people in society. However, such an existence makes them weak-willed, spineless people, unable to adapt to the realities of life, incapable of showing sensitivity, compassion and attention to others.

These qualities in the play are possessed by Ranevskaya and Gaev, who, being on the verge of ruin, are forced to sell their own family estate, with which they have all the brightest and most touching memories of their lives. There is a crisis in the nobility, which has lost not only its economic but also its social position, as it is unable to influence the future development of the country. These sweet and honest people understand their own inadequacy in life, so they themselves give the cherry orchard to the new owner.

Even high education, culture, and erudition cannot become a lifeline for the nobility, which is losing its own spiritual heritage. After all, they cannot boast of a proper attitude to life, willpower, hard work, or resilience. Chekhov embodies these qualities in Ermolai Lopakhin, who becomes the new owner of a beautiful garden. Lopakhin becomes the social force that is called upon to replace the nobility, that is, he personifies the emerging bourgeoisie. He achieved everything on his own, with the help of hard work and perseverance he made his way from poverty to material well-being, and learned to withstand life’s troubles. However, it is worth noting that the past life of a serf did not give Lopakhin the opportunity to develop mental abilities, therefore the young man lacks such an important quality as culture.

People like Lopakhin, spending their own energy on the economic development of the country, are unlikely to be able to eradicate such vices of Russian life as poverty, lack of culture, and injustice. After all, their interests of profit are always in the foreground, and their thoughts are focused on practical and economic spheres of activity. It is for this reason that Lopakhin’s ideas are not attractive to the young heroes of the play, who see their future a little differently.

The ideal future for the country is based on the monologues of the “eternal student” Petya Trofimov, who believes in a new life in which there will be a place for justice, humane laws and creative work. The bourgeoisie, in his opinion, is capable of becoming an impetus for the economic development of the state, but it is not capable of creating and creating a new life. Petya Trofimov does not believe that the Lopakhins will be able to radically change their lives, building it on reasonable and fair principles.

As for Anya, connecting the future with a young seventeen-year-old girl, in my opinion, is also not very correct, because everything she knows is gleaned from books. She is pure, naive and spontaneous; in her life she has never encountered the realities of life. Therefore, it is not clear whether she has enough spiritual strength, stamina and courage to change something in this world.

On the threshold of the twentieth century, A.P. Chekhov looked to the future with hope, but a century later we continue to dream about our cherry orchard and about those who will be able to grow it. However, it is worth remembering that trees do not grow without roots, that is, without past and present. In order for our dreams to come true, it is necessary that such qualities as culture, education, will, perseverance, hard work, all the best that we can find in Chekhov’s heroes, coexist in people.

Essay on literature.

Here it is - an open secret, the secret of poetry, life, love!
I. S. Turgenev.

The play “The Cherry Orchard,” written in 1903, is the last work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, completing his creative biography. In it, the author raises a number of problems characteristic of Russian literature: the problems of fathers and children, love and suffering. All this is united in the theme of the past, present and future of Russia.

The Cherry Orchard is the central image that unites the characters in time and space. For the landowner Ranevskaya and her brother Gaev, the garden is a family nest, an integral part of their memories. It’s as if they have grown together with this garden; without it they “don’t understand their life.” To save the estate, decisive action is needed, a change in lifestyle - otherwise the magnificent garden will go under the hammer. But Ranevskaya and Gaev are unaccustomed to all activities, impractical to the point of stupidity, unable to even seriously think about the impending threat. They betray the idea of ​​the cherry orchard. For landowners, he is a symbol of the past. Firs, Ranevskaya’s old servant, also remains in the past. He considers the abolition of serfdom a misfortune, and is attached to his former masters as to his own children. But those whom he devotedly served all his life abandon him to his fate. Forgotten and abandoned, Firs remains a monument to the past in a boarded-up house.

Currently represented by Ermolai Lopakhin. His father and grandfather were serfs of Ranevskaya, and he himself became a successful merchant. Lopakhin looks at the garden from the point of view of the “circulation of the matter.” He sympathizes with Ranevskaya, but the cherry orchard itself is doomed to death in the plans of a practical entrepreneur. It is Lopakhin who brings the agony of the garden to its logical conclusion. The estate is divided into profitable dacha plots, and “you can only hear how far away in the garden an ax is knocking on a tree.”

The future is personified by the younger generation: Petya Trofimov and Anya, Ranevskaya’s daughter. Trofimov is a student working hard to make his way into life. His life is not easy. When winter comes, he is “hungry, sick, anxious, poor.” Petya is smart and honest, understands the difficult situation the people live in, and believes in a bright future. “All of Russia is our garden!” - he exclaims.

Chekhov puts Petya in ridiculous situations, reducing his image to the extremely unheroic. Trofimov is a “shabby gentleman”, an “eternal student”, whom Lopakhin constantly stops with ironic remarks. But the student’s thoughts and dreams are close to the author’s. The writer, as it were, separates the word from its “carrier”: the significance of what is spoken does not always coincide with the social significance of the “carrier”.

Anya is seventeen years old. For Chekhov, youth is not only a sign of age. He wrote: “...that youth can be considered healthy, which does not put up with the old orders and... fights against them.” Anya received the usual upbringing for nobles. Trofimov had a great influence on the formation of her views. The girl’s character contains sincerity of feelings and mood, spontaneity. Anya is ready to start a new life: pass exams for her high school course and break ties with the past.

In the images of Anya Ranevskaya and Petya Trofimov, the author embodied all the best features inherent in the new generation. It is with their lives that Chekhov connects the future of Russia. They express the ideas and thoughts of the author himself. The sound of an ax is heard in the cherry orchard, but young people believe that the next generations will plant new orchards, more beautiful than the previous ones. The presence of these heroes enhances and strengthens the notes of vivacity that sound in the play, the motives for a future wonderful life. And it seems - not Trofimov, no, it was Chekhov who came on stage. “Here it is, happiness, here it comes, coming closer and closer... And if we don’t see it, don’t know it, then what’s the harm? Others will see him!”

Introduction
1. Problems of the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard"
2. The embodiment of the past - Ranevskaya and Gaev
3. Exponent of the ideas of the present - Lopakhin
4. Heroes of the future - Petya and Anya
Conclusion
List of used literature

Introduction

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a writer of powerful creative talent and unique subtle skill, manifested with equal brilliance both in his stories and in novels and plays.
Chekhov's plays constituted an entire era in Russian drama and theater and had an immeasurable influence on all their subsequent development.
Continuing and deepening the best traditions of the dramaturgy of critical realism, Chekhov strove to ensure that his plays were dominated by the truth of life, unvarnished, in all its commonness and everyday life.
Showing the natural course of everyday life of ordinary people, Chekhov bases his plots not on one, but on several organically related, intertwined conflicts. At the same time, the leading and unifying conflict is predominantly the conflict of the characters not with each other, but with the entire social environment surrounding them.

Problems of the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard"

The play “The Cherry Orchard” occupies a special place in Chekhov’s work. Before her, he awakened the idea of ​​​​the need to change reality, showing the hostility of people's living conditions, highlighting those features of his characters that doomed them to the position of a victim. In The Cherry Orchard, reality is depicted in its historical development. The topic of changing social structures is being widely developed. The noble estates with their parks and cherry orchards, with their unreasonable owners, are becoming a thing of the past. They are being replaced by business-like and practical people; they are the present of Russia, but not its future. Only the younger generation has the right to cleanse and change life. Hence the main idea of ​​the play: the establishment of a new social force, opposing not only the nobility, but also the bourgeoisie and called upon to rebuild life on the principles of true humanity and justice.
Chekhov's play “The Cherry Orchard” was written during the period of social upsurge of the masses in 1903. It reveals to us another page of his multifaceted creativity, reflecting the complex phenomena of that time. The play amazes us with its poetic power and drama, and is perceived by us as a sharp exposure of the social ills of society, an exposure of those people whose thoughts and actions are far from moral standards of behavior. The writer clearly shows deep psychological conflicts, helps the reader to see the reflection of events in the souls of the heroes, makes us think about the meaning of true love and true happiness. Chekhov easily takes us from our present to the distant past. Together with its heroes, we live next to the cherry orchard, see its beauty, clearly feel the problems of that time, together with the heroes we try to find answers to complex questions. It seems to me that the play “The Cherry Orchard” is a play about the past, present and future not only of its characters, but also of the country as a whole. The author shows the clash between representatives of the past, the present and the future inherent in this present. I think that Chekhov managed to show the justice of the inevitable departure from the historical arena of such seemingly harmless persons as the owners of the cherry orchard. So who are they, the garden owners? What connects their lives with his existence? Why is the cherry orchard so dear to them? Answering these questions, Chekhov reveals an important problem - the problem of passing life, its worthlessness and conservatism.
The very name of Chekhov's play sets one in a lyrical mood. In our minds, a bright and unique image of a blooming garden appears, personifying beauty and the desire for a better life. The main plot of the comedy is related to the sale of this ancient noble estate. This event largely determines the fate of its owners and inhabitants. Thinking about the fate of the heroes, you involuntarily think about more, about the ways of development of Russia: its past, present and future.

The embodiment of the past - Ranevskaya and Gaev

Exponent of the ideas of the present - Lopakhin

Heroes of the future - Petya and Anya

All this involuntarily leads us to the idea that the country needs completely different people who will accomplish different great things. And these other people are Petya and Anya.
Trofimov is a democrat by origin, habits and beliefs. Creating images of Trofimov, Chekhov expresses in this image such leading features as devotion to public causes, desire for a better future and propaganda of the fight for it, patriotism, integrity, courage, and hard work. Trofimov, despite his 26 or 27 years, has a lot of difficult life experience behind him. He has already been expelled from the university twice. He has no confidence that he will not be expelled a third time and that he will not remain an “eternal student.”
Experiencing hunger, poverty, and political persecution, he did not lose faith in a new life, which would be based on fair, humane laws and creative constructive work. Petya Trofimov sees the failure of the nobility, mired in idleness and inaction. He gives a largely correct assessment of the bourgeoisie, noting its progressive role in the economic development of the country, but denying it the role of creator and creator of new life. In general, his statements are distinguished by directness and sincerity. While treating Lopakhin with sympathy, he nevertheless compares him to a predatory beast, “which eats everything that gets in its way.” In his opinion, the Lopakhins are not capable of decisively changing life by building it on reasonable and fair principles. Petya causes deep thoughts in Lopakhin, who in his soul envies the conviction of this “shabby gentleman”, which he himself so lacks.
Trofimov's thoughts about the future are too vague and abstract. “We are heading uncontrollably towards the bright star that burns there in the distance!” - he says to Anya. Yes, his goal is wonderful. But how to achieve it? Where is the main force that can turn Russia into a blooming garden?
Some treat Petya with slight irony, others with undisguised love. In his speeches one can hear a direct condemnation of a dying life, a call for a new one: “I’ll get there. I’ll get there or show others the way to get there.” And he points. He points it out to Anya, whom he loves dearly, although he skillfully hides it, realizing that he is destined for a different path. He tells her: “If you have the keys to the farm, then throw them into the well and leave. Be free like the wind."
The klutz and “shabby gentleman” (as Varya ironically calls Trofimova) lacks Lopakhin’s strength and business acumen. He submits to life, stoically enduring its blows, but is not able to master it and become the master of his destiny. True, he captivated Anya with his democratic ideas, who expresses her readiness to follow him, firmly believing in the wonderful dream of a new blooming garden. But this young seventeen-year-old girl, who gained information about life mainly from books, is pure, naive and spontaneous, has not yet encountered reality.
Anya is full of hope and vitality, but she still has so much inexperience and childhood. In terms of character, she is in many ways close to her mother: she has a love for beautiful words and sensitive intonations. At the beginning of the play, Anya is carefree, quickly moving from concern to animation. She is practically helpless, she is used to living carefree, not thinking about her daily bread or tomorrow. But all this does not prevent Anya from breaking with her usual views and way of life. Its evolution is taking place before our eyes. Anya’s new views are still naive, but she says goodbye to the old home and the old world forever.
It is unknown whether she will have enough spiritual strength, perseverance and courage to complete the path of suffering, labor and hardship. Will she be able to maintain that ardent faith in the best, which makes her say goodbye to her old life without regret? Chekhov does not answer these questions. And this is natural. After all, we can only talk about the future speculatively.

Conclusion

The truth of life in all its consistency and completeness is what Chekhov was guided by when creating his images. That is why each character in his plays represents a living human character, attracting with great meaning and deep emotionality, convincing with its naturalness, the warmth of human feelings.
In terms of the strength of his direct emotional impact, Chekhov is perhaps the most outstanding playwright in the art of critical realism.
Chekhov's dramaturgy, responding to pressing issues of his time, addressing the everyday interests, experiences and worries of ordinary people, awakened the spirit of protest against inertia and routine, and called for social activity to improve life. Therefore, she has always had a huge influence on readers and viewers. The significance of Chekhov's drama has long gone beyond the borders of our homeland; it has become global. Chekhov's dramatic innovation is widely recognized outside the borders of our great homeland. I am proud that Anton Pavlovich is a Russian writer, and no matter how different the masters of culture may be, they probably all agree that Chekhov, with his works, prepared the world for a better life, more beautiful, more just, more reasonable.
If Chekhov looked with hope into the 20th century, which was just beginning, then we live in the new 21st century, still dreaming of our cherry orchard and of those who will nurture it. Flowering trees cannot grow without roots. And the roots are the past and the present. Therefore, for a wonderful dream to come true, the younger generation must combine high culture, education with practical knowledge of reality, will, perseverance, hard work, humane goals, that is, embody the best features of Chekhov's heroes.

Bibliography

1. History of Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century / ed. prof. N.I. Kravtsova. Publisher: Prosveshchenie - Moscow 1966.
2. Exam questions and answers. Literature. 9th and 11th grades. Tutorial. – M.: AST – PRESS, 2000.
3. A. A. Egorova. How to write an essay with a "5". Tutorial. Rostov-on-Don, “Phoenix”, 2001.
4. Chekhov A.P. Stories. Plays. – M.: Olimp; LLC "Firm" Publishing house AST, 1998.