Sergei Alekseevich Yesenin. What did Sergei Yesenin write? Unsuccessful marriage with Sophia

Biography, life story of Yesenin Sergey Alexandrovich

Born October 3, 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, Ryazan district, Kuzminskaya volost, in a peasant family. Father - Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1873-1931), mother - Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1875-1955). In 1904, Yesenin went to the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, then began his studies at a closed church teacher's school. After graduating from school, in the fall of 1912, Yesenin arrived in Moscow, worked in a butcher's shop, and then in the printing house of I. D. Sytin. In 1913, he entered the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University named after L. Shanyavsky as a volunteer. He worked in a printing house, had contacts with the poets of the Surikov Literary and Musical Circle.

professional life

In 1915, Yesenin's poems were first published in the children's magazine Mirok.

In 1915, Yesenin came from Moscow to Petrograd, read his poems to A. A. Blok, S. M. Gorodetsky and other poets. In January 1916, Yesenin was called up for military service and, thanks to the efforts of his friends, was appointed ("with the highest permission") as an orderly to the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital train N 143 of Her Imperial Majesty the Empress Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. At this time, he became close to a group of "new peasant poets" and published the first collections ("Radunitsa" - 1916), which made him very famous. Together with Nikolai Klyuev, he often spoke to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters in Tsarskoye Selo.

In 1915-1917, Yesenin maintained friendly relations with the poet Leonid Kannegiser, who later killed the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, Uritsky.

In 1917, he met and on July 4 of the same year married Zinaida Reich, a Russian actress, the future wife of the outstanding director V. E. Meyerhold. At the end of 1919 (or in 1920), Yesenin left his family, and in the arms of a pregnant son (Konstantin), Zinaida Reich, a one and a half year old daughter Tatyana remained. On February 19, 1921, the poet filed for divorce, in which he undertook to financially support them (the divorce was officially filed in October 1921). Subsequently, Sergei Yesenin repeatedly visited his children adopted by Meyerhold.

CONTINUED BELOW

During the period of Yesenin's enthusiasm for imagism, several collections of the poet's poems were published - "Treryadnitsa", "Confession of a Hooligan" (both - 1921), "Poems of a Brawler" (1923), "Moscow Tavern" (1924), the poem "Pugachev".

In 1921, the poet traveled to Central Asia, visited the Urals and the Orenburg region. From May 13 to June 3, he stayed in Tashkent with his friend and poet Alexander Shiryaevts. Despite the informal nature of the visit, Yesenin spoke to the public several times, read poems at poetry evenings and at the homes of his Tashkent friends. According to eyewitnesses, Yesenin liked to visit the old city, the teahouses of the old city and Urda, listen to Uzbek poetry, music and songs, visit the picturesque surroundings of Tashkent with his friends. He also made a short trip to Samarkand.

In the autumn of 1921, in the workshop of G. B. Yakulov, Yesenin met the dancer Isadora Duncan, whom he married six months later. After the wedding, Yesenin and Duncan traveled to Europe (Germany, France, Belgium, Italy) and to the USA (4 months), where he stayed from May 1922 to August 1923. The newspaper "Izvestia" published Yesenin's notes about America "Iron Mirgorod". The marriage to Duncan broke up shortly after their return from abroad.

In one of his last poems, “The Land of Scoundrels,” the poet writes very sharply about the leaders of contemporary Russia, which could be perceived by some as a denunciation of Soviet power. This attracted increased attention to him from law enforcement agencies, including police officers and OGPU. Sharply critical articles about him began to appear in the newspapers, accusing him of drunkenness, fights and other anti-social acts, although the poet, by his behavior (especially in the second quarter of the 1920s), sometimes gave grounds for this kind of criticism from his ill-wishers.

In the early 1920s, Yesenin was actively engaged in book publishing, as well as selling books in a bookstore he rented on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, which occupied almost all of the poet's time. In the last years of his life, Yesenin traveled a lot around the country. He visited the Caucasus three times, several times went to Leningrad, seven times to Konstantinovo.

In 1924-1925, Yesenin visited Azerbaijan, published a collection of poems at the Krasny Vostok printing house, and was printed at a local publishing house. There is a version that here, in May 1925, a poetic “Message to the Evangelist Demyan” was written. He lived in the village of Mardakan (a suburb of Baku). Currently, his house-museum and a memorial plaque are located here.

In 1924, Sergei Yesenin decided to break with Imagism because of disagreements with A. B. Mariengof. Yesenin and Ivan Gruzinov published an open letter disbanding the group.

At the end of November 1925, Sofya Tolstaya agreed with the director of the paid psycho-neurological clinic of Moscow University, Professor P. B. Gannushkin, to hospitalize the poet in his clinic. Only a few people close to the poet knew about this. On December 23, 1925, Yesenin left the clinic and went to Leningrad, where he stayed at No. 5 of the Angleterre Hotel.

Personal life

In 1913, Sergei Yesenin met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, who worked as a proofreader in the printing house of the I.D. Sytin Partnership, where Yesenin went to work. In 1914 they entered into a civil marriage. On December 21, 1914, Anna Izryadnova gave birth to a son named Yuri (he was shot in 1937).

In 1917-1921, Yesenin was married to actress Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, later the wife of Vsevolod Meyerhold. Sergei Yesenin arranged his "bachelor party" before the wedding in Vologda, in a wooden house on Malaya Dukhovskaya Street (now Pushkinskaya Street, 50). and Julitta of the village of Tolstikovo, Vologda district. The groom's guarantors were Pavel Pavlovich Khitrov, a peasant from the village of Ivanovskaya Spasskaya volost, and Sergei Mikhailovich Baraev, a peasant from the village of Ustya, Ustyanskaya volost, the bride's guarantors were Alexei Alekseevich Ganin and Dmitry Dmitrievich Devyatkov, a merchant's son from the city of Vologda. And the wedding took place in the building of the Passage Hotel. From this marriage were born daughter Tatiana (June 11, 1918, Moscow - May 5, 1992, Tashkent), a journalist and writer, and son Konstantin (1920-1986) - later a football statistician and journalist.

In 1921, from May 13 to June 3, the poet stayed in Tashkent with his friend, the Tashkent poet Alexander Shiryaevts. At the invitation of the director of the Turkestan Public Library, on May 25, 1921, Yesenin spoke in the library at a literary evening hosted by his friends, in front of the audience of the Art Studio, which existed at the library. Yesenin arrived in Turkestan in the carriage of his friend Kolobov, a responsible employee of the NKPS. He lived on this train all the time of his stay in Tashkent, then on this train he traveled to Samarkand, Bukhara and Poltoratsk (former Ashgabat). On June 3, 1921, Sergei Yesenin left Tashkent and returned to Moscow on June 9, 1921. By coincidence, almost the entire life of the poet's daughter Tatyana was spent in Tashkent, where she was buried at the city's Botkin cemetery.

In the autumn of 1921, in the workshop of G. B. Yakulov, Yesenin met the dancer Isadora Duncan, whom he married on May 2, 1922. At the same time, Yesenin did not speak English, and Duncan barely spoke Russian. Immediately after the wedding, Yesenin accompanied Duncan on tours of Europe and the United States. Usually, when describing this union, the authors note its love-scandalous side, however, these two artists, undoubtedly, were brought together by the relationship of creativity. However, their marriage was brief, and in 1923 Yesenin returned to Moscow.

In 1923, Yesenin struck up an acquaintance with the actress Augusta Miklashevskaya, to whom he dedicated seven heartfelt, extremely intimate poems from the Love of a Hooligan cycle. In one of the lines, the name of the actress is obviously encrypted: “Why does your name ring like that, Like the August coolness?” It is noteworthy that in the fall of 1976, when the actress was already 85, in an interview with literary critics, Augusta Leonidovna admitted that the affair with Yesenin was platonic and she did not even kiss the poet.

On May 12, 1924, Yesenin's son Alexander was born after an affair with the poetess and translator Nadezhda Volpin, later a famous mathematician and leader of the dissident movement. The only living child of Yesenin.

In the autumn of 1925, Yesenin married for the third (and last) time - to Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya (1900-1957), the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy, at that time the head of the library of the Writers' Union. This marriage also did not bring happiness to the poet and soon broke up. Restless loneliness was one of the main reasons for Yesenin's tragic end. After the poet's death, Tolstaya devoted her life to collecting, preserving, describing and preparing Yesenin's works for publication, leaving memoirs about him.

According to the memoirs of N. Sardanovsky and the letters of the poet, Yesenin was a vegetarian for some time.

Doom

The Soviet government was worried about Yesenin's condition. So, in a letter from Kh. G. Rakovsky to F. E. Dzerzhinsky dated October 25, 1925, Rakovsky asks “ save the life of the famous poet Yesenin - undoubtedly the most talented in our Union, ”offering:“ Invite him to your place, make it good and send a comrade from the GPU with him to the sanatorium, who would not let him get drunk ...". On the letter is Dzerzhinsky’s resolution, addressed to his close friend, secretary, head of the GPU V. D. Gerson: “ M. b., could you get busy?"Gerson's note next to it:" Called repeatedly - could not find Yesenin».

It is known about more than ten convictions of the poet (for example, “the case of four poets”), about his statements that are not always pleasing to the regime in public and in creativity - Yesenin often allowed himself to say what he thought. “I will not allow a White Guard to say about Soviet Russia what I say myself. This is mine, and I am the judge of this." It is known that he refused to write commissioned poems glorifying the authorities in the country.

The last years of Yesenin's life are an incredible creative upsurge. In 1925 he was the first poet in Russia. He is preparing to release the complete collection of his works. “In Russia, almost all poets died without seeing the complete collection of their works. And here I am - I will see my collection, ”said the poet. At the end of November, all three volumes of his collected works have already been put into typesetting...

On December 28, 1925, Yesenin was found dead in the Angleterre Hotel in Leningrad. His last poem - "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ..." - was written in this hotel in blood, and according to the testimony of the poet's friends, Yesenin complained that there was no ink in the room, and he was forced to write in blood.

According to the version accepted by most of the poet's biographers, Yesenin, in a state of depression (a month after treatment in a neuropsychiatric hospital), committed suicide (hanged himself). Neither contemporaries of the event, nor in the next few decades after the death of the poet, other versions of the event were expressed. In the 1970s-1980s, mainly in nationalist circles, there were also versions about the murder of the poet, followed by a staged suicide: on the basis of jealousy, mercenary motives, murder by the OGPU.

In 1989, under the auspices of the Gorky IMLI, the Yesenin Commission was established under the chairmanship of Yu. L. Prokushev; at her request, a number of examinations were carried out, leading to the following conclusion: ... the “versions” now published about the murder of the poet, followed by a staged hanging, despite some discrepancies ... are a vulgar, incompetent interpretation of special information, sometimes falsifying the results of the examination”(from the official response of the professor at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Doctor of Medical Sciences B. S. Svadkovsky to the request of the chairman of the commission Yu. L. Prokushev). In the 1990s, various authors continued to put forward both new arguments in support of the murder version and counterarguments. The version of Yesenin's murder is presented in the TV series Yesenin.

Sergei Yesenin was born in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan region (on the border with Moscow). His father, Alexander Yesenin, was a butcher in Moscow, and his mother, Tatyana Titova, worked in Ryazan. Sergei spent most of his childhood in Konstantinovo, at the home of his grandparents. In 1904-1909 he studied at an elementary school, and in 1909 he was sent to the parochial school of the village of Spas-Klepiki. His first known poems date from this period. Yesenin wrote them at the age of 14.

Sergey Yesenin. Photo 1922

Having completed his studies in the summer of 1912, Sergei went to his father in Moscow, where he worked for a month in the same store with him, and then got a job at a publishing house. Already realizing that he had a poetic gift, he contacted Moscow artistic circles. In the spring of 1913, Yesenin became a proofreader in one of the largest printing houses in Moscow (Sytin) and made the first contacts with revolutionaries from the Social Democratic Labor Party, as a result of which he came under police surveillance.

In September 1913, Yesenin entered the Shanyavsky People's University in the historical and philosophical department, and in January 1914 he met with one of his colleagues, proofreader Anna Izryadnova. His poems began to appear in magazines and in the pages of Golos Pravda, the predecessor newspaper of the Bolshevik Pravda.

The beginning of the war with Germany (1914) found Sergei Yesenin in the Crimea. In the first days of August, he returned to Moscow and resumed work at Chernyshev's printing house, but soon left to devote himself to writing. Sergey also left his girlfriend Izryadnova, who had just given birth to his first child.

Yesenin spent most of 1915 in Petrograd, which was then the heart of Russian cultural life. The great poet Alexander Blok introduced him to literary circles. Yesenin became friends with the poet Nikolai Klyuev, met with Anna Akhmatova, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Nikolai Gumilyov, Marina Tsvetaeva, who highly appreciated his works. For Yesenin, a long series of public performances and concerts began, which then lasted until his death.

In the spring of 1916, his first collection, Radunitsa, was published. In the same year, Yesenin was mobilized to the ambulance train No. 143. He received such a preferential form of military conscription thanks to the patronage of friends. I listened to his concerts Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Gravitating more to poetry than to war, Yesenin was subjected to a 20-day arrest in August for appearing too late from one leave.

Sergei Yesenin and the revolution

Secrets of the Century - Sergei Yesenin. Night in Angleterre

The version of the murder has a lot of indirect evidence. The examination of the corpse and the medical conclusion of suicide were made with excessive and incomprehensible haste. The related documents are unusually short. The time of Yesenin's death in some medical documents is indicated on December 27, in others - on the morning of the 28th. Bruises are visible on Sergey's face. At the Angleterre that same night there were prominent agents of the government. The persons who witnessed the poet's suicide soon disappeared. His ex-wife, Zinaida Reich, was killed in 1939 after declaring that she was going to tell Stalin everything about Yesenin's death. The famous poems written in blood were not found at the place of the poet's death, but for some reason were given to them on December 27 by Wolf Erlich.

Sergei Yesenin on his deathbed

The mystery of the death of Sergei Yesenin has not yet been solved, but everyone knows that in those troubled years, poets, artists and artists who were hostile to the regime were either shot, or thrown into camps, or committed suicide too easily. In the books of the 1990s, other information appeared that undermined the version of suicide. It turned out that the pipe on which Yesenin was hanging was not located horizontally, but vertically, and traces of the rope connecting them were visible on his hands.

In 1989, under the auspices of the Gorky Institute of World Literature, the Yesenin Commission was created under the chairmanship of the Soviet and Russian Yesenin scholar Yu. After investigating the then widespread hypotheses about the murder of Yesenin, this commission stated that:

The now published "versions" about the poet's murder followed by a staged hanging, despite some discrepancies ..., are a vulgar, incompetent interpretation of special information, sometimes falsifying the results of the examination.

However, it soon became clear that the "expertise" of the Prokushev Commission was reduced to correspondence with various expert institutions and individual experts who even earlier they expressed in the press their negative attitude towards the version of the murder of Yesenin. V.N. Solovyov, a forensic prosecutor of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, who participated in the work of the commission, later gave the following ambiguous description of its “specialists” and the conditions of their “investigation”:

“These people worked within the strict limits of the law and were used to realizing that any biased conclusion can easily transfer them from their office chair to prison bunk beds, that before crowing, you need to think hard”

In 1912 he graduated from the Spas-Klepikovskaya teacher's school with a degree in "teacher of the literacy school".

In the summer of 1912, Yesenin moved to Moscow, for some time he served in a butcher's shop, where his father worked as a clerk. After a conflict with his father, he left the shop, worked in a book publishing house, then in the printing house of Ivan Sytin in 1912-1914. During this period, the poet joined the revolutionary workers and was under the supervision of the police.

In 1913-1915, Yesenin was a volunteer of the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky. In Moscow, he became close with writers from the Surikov literary and musical circle - an association of self-taught writers from the people.

Sergei Yesenin wrote poetry from childhood, mainly in imitation of Alexei Koltsov, Ivan Nikitin, Spiridon Drozhzhin. By 1912, he had already written the poem "The Tale of Evpatiy Kolovrat, Batu Khan, the Three-Handed Flower, the Black Idol and Our Savior Jesus Christ", and also prepared a book of poems "Sick Thoughts". In 1913, the poet worked on the poem "Tosca" and the dramatic poem "Prophet", the texts of which are unknown.

In January 1914, in the Moscow children's magazine "Mirok" under the pseudonym "Ariston" the first publication of the poet took place - the poem "Birch". In February, the same magazine published the poems "Sparrows" ("Winter sings - calls out ...") and "Porosha", later - "Village", "Easter Blagovest".

In the spring of 1915, Yesenin arrived in Petrograd (St. Petersburg), where he met the poets Alexander Blok, Sergei Gorodetsky, Alexei Remizov, became close to Nikolai Klyuev, who had a significant influence on him. Their joint performances with poems and ditties, stylized as a "peasant", "folk" style, were a great success.

In 1916, Yesenin's first collection of poems "Radunitsa" was published, enthusiastically received by critics, who found in it a fresh stream, youthful spontaneity and natural taste of the author.

From March 1916 to March 1917, Yesenin served in the military - initially in a reserve battalion located in St. Petersburg, and then from April he served as an orderly on the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital train No. 143. After the February Revolution, he left the army without permission.

Yesenin moved to Moscow. Encouraged by the revolution, he wrote several small poems - "The Jordan Dove", "Inonia", "Heavenly Drummer", - imbued with a joyful foreboding of the "transformation" of life.

In 1919-1921 he was a member of a group of Imagists who declared that the purpose of creativity was to create an image.

In the early 1920s, Esenin's poems featured motifs of "life torn apart by a storm", drunken prowess, replaced by anguished melancholy, which was reflected in the collections "Confessions of a Hooligan" (1921) and "Moscow Tavern" (1924).

An event in Yesenin's life was a meeting in the fall of 1921 with the American dancer Isadora Duncan, who six months later became his wife.

From 1922 to 1923 they traveled around Europe (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy) and America, but upon returning to Russia, Isadora and Yesenin parted almost immediately.

In the 1920s, Yesenin's most significant works were created, which brought him fame as one of the best Russian poets - poems

“The golden grove dissuaded…”, “Letter to mother”, “Now we are leaving little by little…”, cycle “Persian motifs”, poem “Anna Snegina” and others. dramatic shades. The once united harmonious world of Yesenin's Rus' split into two: "Soviet Rus'" - "Rus' leaving". In the collections "Soviet Rus'" and "Soviet Country" (both -1925), Yesenin felt like a singer of a "golden log hut", whose poetry "is no longer needed here." The emotional dominant of the lyrics were autumn landscapes, motives for summing up, farewell.

The last two years of the poet's life were spent on the road: he traveled three times to the Caucasus, several times went to Leningrad (St. Petersburg), seven times to Konstantinovo.

At the end of November 1925, the poet ended up in a neuropsychiatric clinic. One of the last works of Yesenin was the poem "The Black Man", in which the past life appears as part of a nightmare. Having interrupted the course of treatment, on December 23, Yesenin left for Leningrad.

On December 24, 1925, he stayed at the Angleterre Hotel, where on December 27 he wrote his last poem "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ...".

On the night of December 28, 1925, according to the official version, Sergei Yesenin committed suicide. The poet was discovered on the morning of 28 December. His body hung in a loop on a water pipe just under the ceiling, at a height of almost three meters.

No serious investigation was carried out, the city authorities from the local policeman.

A commission specially created in 1993 did not confirm the version of other circumstances of the poet's death, in addition to the official one.

Sergei Yesenin is buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

The poet was married several times. In 1917, he married Zinaida Reich (1897-1939), secretary-typist of the newspaper Delo Naroda. From this marriage, a daughter Tatiana (1918-1992) and a son Konstantin (1920-1986) were born. In 1922, Yesenin married the American dancer Isadora Duncan. In 1925, Sofya Tolstaya (1900-1957), the granddaughter of the writer Leo Tolstoy, became the poet's wife. The poet had a son Yuri (1914-1938) from a civil marriage with Anna Izryadnova. In 1924, Yesenin had a son, Alexander, from the poetess and translator Nadezhda Volpin, a mathematician and leader of the dissident movement, who moved to the United States in 1972.

October 2, 1965, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the birth of the poet, in the village of Konstantinovo, in the house of his parents, the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenin is one of the largest museum complexes in Russia.

The Moscow State Museum of S.A. Yesenin.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin (October 3, 1895 - December 28, 1925), Russian poet, representative of the so-called new peasant poetry and imaginism.

Short biography of Yesenin

Childhood

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born on October 3, 1895 in the Ryazan province, in the rather large village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminskaya volost. Sergei's father, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1873-1931), sang in the church choir in his youth, was an ordinary peasant, and then moved to Moscow, where he worked as a clerk in a butcher's shop. Tatyana Fedorovna Titova, mother of the future poet (1875-1955), was not married out of love, apparently, therefore, the joint life of the spouses was short-lived.

When little Sergei was 2 years old, his mother left his father, went to work in Ryazan, and the boy was raised by his maternal grandparents - Natalya Evtikhievna (1847-1911) and Fedor Andreevich (1845-1927) Titovs. The grandfather's family was quite prosperous, except for little Seryozha, three of his unmarried sons lived in the house of Fyodor Andreevich, with whom the future poet spent a lot of time. It was they who taught the boy to swim, ride a horse and work in the field.

From his grandmother, Sergei Yesenin learned a lot of folk tales, songs and ditties, according to the poet himself, it was grandmother's stories that became the first impetus for writing his own poems. The boy's grandfather, in turn, was a connoisseur of church books, so that evening readings were traditional in the family.

Education

In 1904, Yesenin was sent to study at the zemstvo school in Konstantinovo, after which, in 1909, he entered the Spas-Klepikovskaya church and teacher school, from which he left in 1912, having received a diploma as a “teacher of the literacy school”.

Immediately after graduation, Sergei Alexandrovich moved to Moscow, where at that time his father was already working in a butcher's shop. At first, Sergei lived with him, served in the same butcher's shop, then got a job at the printing house of I. D. Sytin.

The following year, Yesenin entered the historical and philosophical department at the Moscow City People's University named after Shanyavsky as a free student.

Creation

Seryozha began to write poetry in his early youth, while studying at a church teacher's school. For the first time, the poet's poems were published after he moved to Moscow, in 1915, in the children's magazine Mirok.

In 1915, Yesenin went to Petrograd, where he met with recognized Russian poets - Gorodetsky and. Then Sergei managed to get a job in the military service, which he held in Tsarskoye Selo. The poet, together with Nikolai Klyuev, even spoke to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, reading his compositions.

The first collection of poems called "Radunitsa" was published in 1916. The name of this collection, imbued with the spirit of the Russian village, can be interpreted in different ways - on the one hand, Radunitsa is the day of commemoration of the dead, and on the other hand, spring folk songs, Radonitsky stoneworts, were called so. In general, the name fully reflects the mood and lyrics of the poet - pity, hidden sadness and a description of the beauty of the surrounding nature. This collection made Yesenin famous.

After meeting with the Imagists, who considered metaphor, the creation of an image, as the main expressive means of poetry, a new stage in Yesenin's work began, which can be called more "urban". During the period of Sergei's passion for imagism, several collections of his poems were published at once - in 1921 "Treryadnitsa" and "Confessions of a Hooligan", in 1923 - "Poems of a Brawler", in 1924 - "Moscow Tavern" and the poem "Pugachev".

After returning from a trip to Asia, in 1925, a cycle of poems "Persian Motives" was published.

The most famous works of Yesenin were not poems dedicated to his attitude towards the Soviet regime (at first enthusiastic, and then sharply negative), but beautiful poems dedicated to nature, love, homeland: “The golden grove dissuaded ...”, “We are now leaving a little”, “ Letter to mother" and others.

Main achievements

• The main achievement of Sergei Yesenin can certainly be called the creation of a new, unique and recognizable style of poetry at first sight. Yesenin's lyrics are very popular to this day, and the poems have not lost their relevance.

Important dates

• October 3, 1895 - was born in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province.
• 1897 - given to the upbringing of his maternal grandfather.
• 1904 - entered the zemstvo school in Konstantinovo.
• 1909 - graduated from college and entered the church teacher's school.
• 1912 - received a diploma as a teacher of literacy "and moved to Moscow.
• 1913 - married Anna Izryadnova.
• 1914 - the birth of his son Yuri.
• 1915 - in Petrograd he met Blok, entered the service of an ambulance train, quartered in Tsarskoye Selo, spoke to the empress.
• 1916 - the first collection "Radunitsa".
• 1917 - marriage to Zinaida Reich.
• 1918 - the birth of his daughter Tatyana.
• 1920 - the birth of the son of Konstantin.
• 1921 - collections "Treryadnitsa" and "Confessions of a Hooligan".
• 1922 - marriage to Isadora Duncan.
• 1923 - the collection "Poems of a Brawler".
• 1924 - the collection "Moscow Tavern" and the poem "Pugachev".
• 1925 - death at the Angleterre Hotel.

• Back in 1913, at the age of 18, Sergei Yesenin met Izryadnova Anna Romanovna (1891-1946), who became the first common-law wife of the poet. From this short-lived marriage, Sergei Yesenin had a son, Yuri, who, unfortunately, was shot in 1937.
• Yesenin left his first family immediately after the birth of his son, in 1914. In July 1917, Sergei met the beautiful Zinaida Reich, a stormy romance ended in an official marriage, in which two children were born - Tatyana Sergeevna (1918-1992) and Konstantin Sergeevich (1920-1986). Later, Zinaida married a famous director - V. E. Meyerhold, who adopted her children from her marriage with Yesenin.
• While still married to Zinaida Reich, Sergei Yesenin met the translator and poetess Nadezhda Davydovna Volpin, who also, as a poet, was a member of the Imagist circle. From this novel, an illegitimate son was born in Yesenin in 1924, now living in the United States and bearing a double surname - Volpin-Yesenin.
• Sergei Alexandrovich's romance with Galina Arturovna Benislavskaya (1897-1926) ended most dramatically. A graduate of the Preobrazhensky Women's Gymnasium in St. Petersburg was a passionate admirer of the poet and committed suicide by shooting herself at his grave on December 3, 1926, almost a year after the death of the poet himself.
• The most famous connection of the loving Yesenin is rightfully considered his romance with Isadora Duncan, a dancer who came to the Soviet Union at the special invitation of the party and became famous for her original manner of performance. Duncan was called the "sandal", as she always performed her numbers barefoot, her dances were very successful in the USSR. Isadora was 22 years older than the poet, which did not prevent her from falling in love with the "beautiful Russian" at first sight. Before a trip to the USA, in 1922, the couple formalized their relationship, but their life together was overshadowed by scandals and constant quarrels. Isadora Duncan's first rival appeared back in 1923, when Yesenin became interested in Augusta Leonidovna Miklashevskaya, an actress of the Moscow Chamber Theater. It is to her that several poems from the famous cycle “Love of a Hooligan” are dedicated, but the passionate romance turned out to be very fleeting and soon ended in a complete break.
• The last known novel by Sergei Yesenin was a connection with Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya (1900-1957), the granddaughter of the same Leo Tolstoy, whom he met in March 1925. Absolutely different, coming from different worlds, they, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, could not be together, even if the poet had lived a longer life. Few people know that Sophia tried to place Yesenin for treatment in a psychoneurological clinic, from where the poet escaped and left for Leningrad, where he stayed in the infamous Angleterre Hotel room. According to another version, Sergei went to the hospital to avoid arrest, fleeing the persecution of the GPU.
• Historians still argue about the death of Sergei Yesenin. According to the official version, the poet, who had long been drinking too much and leading a wild life, hanged himself from the heating pipe in his room at Angleterre on December 28, 1925. Before his death, instead of the last note, the poet wrote with blood the poem "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ..."
• Many believe that Sergei Alexandrovich could not hang himself, that evening he was cheerful, spent it with friends and did not say a word about any emotional experiences, moreover, he was waiting with great enthusiasm for the publication of his complete works. Some circumstances of the death of the poet are also doubtful, but to this day it has not been possible to finally prove the version of the murder.
• Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was buried in Moscow, at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born in 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province (see). His parents were peasants, and in addition to Sergei had two daughters: Ekaterina and Alexandra.

In 1904, Sergei Yesenin entered the zemstvo school in his native village, and in 1909 he began his studies at the parochial school in Spas-Klepiki.

Having a quick-tempered and restless character, Yesenin arrived in Moscow on an autumn day in 1912 in search of happiness. First, he got a job in a butcher's shop, and then began working in the printing house of I.D. Sytin.

Since 1913, he became a volunteer at the University named after A. L. Shanyavsky and made friends with the poets of the Surikov literary and musical circle. I must say that this was of greater importance in the further formation of the personality of the future star in the horizon of Russian literature.

The beginning of creativity

The first poems by Sergei Yesenin were published in the children's magazine Mirok in 1914.

This seriously influenced his biography, but after a few months he left for Petrograd, where he made important acquaintances with A. Blok, S. Gorodetsky, N. Klyuev and other outstanding poets of his time.

After a short time, a collection of poems called "Radunitsa" is published. Yesenin also collaborates with Socialist-Revolutionary magazines. The poems "Transfiguration", "Oktoih" and "Inonia" are printed in them.

After three years, that is, in 1918, the poet returns to, where, together with Anatoly Mariengof, he becomes one of the founders of the Imagists.

Starting to write the famous poem "Pugachev", he traveled to many significant and historical places: the Caucasus, Solovki, Crimea, and even reached Tashkent, where he visited his friend, the poet Alexander Shiryaevts.

It is believed that it was from Tashkent that his performances before the public at poetry evenings began.

It is difficult to fit all the adventures that happened to him during these travels into a short biography of Sergei Yesenin.

In 1921, a serious change took place in Yesenin's life, as he married the famous dancer Isadora Duncan.

After the wedding, the couple went on a trip to Europe and America. However, soon after returning from abroad, the marriage with Duncan broke up.

Yesenin's last days

The last few years of his life, the poet worked hard, as if foreseeing his imminent death. He traveled a lot around the country and went to the Caucasus three times.

In 1924, a trip took place to, and then to Georgia, where his works “The Poem of Twenty-Six”, “Anna Snegina”, “Persian Motifs” and the collection of poems “Red East” are being published.

When the October Revolution took place, it gave the work of Sergei Yesenin a new, special force. Singing love for the motherland, he, one way or another, touches on the theme of revolution and freedom.

It is conventionally believed that in the post-revolutionary period there were two great poets: Sergei Yesenin and. During their lives, they were stubborn rivals, constantly competing in talent.

Although no one allowed himself to make mean statements about his opponent. The compilers of Yesenin's biography often quote his words:

“I am still Koltsov, and I love Blok. I am only learning from them and from Pushkin. What do you say. He knows how to write - that's true, but is it poetry, poetry? I don't love him. He has no order. Things are falling on things. From poetry, there should be order in life, but with Mayakovsky everything is like after an earthquake, and the corners of all things are so sharp that it hurts the eyes.

Yesenin's death

On December 28, 1925, Sergei Yesenin was found dead in the Angleterre Hotel in Leningrad. According to the official version, he hanged himself after being treated in a neuropsychiatric hospital for some time.

I must say that, given the long depression of the poet, such a death was not news to anyone.

However, at the end of the twentieth century, thanks to lovers of Yesenin's work, new data began to emerge from the biography and death of Yesenin.

Due to the prescription of time, it is difficult to establish the exact events of those days, but the version that Yesenin was killed, and then only staged suicide, looks quite reliable. As it was in fact, we will probably never know.

Yesenin's biography, like his poems, is filled with a deep experience of life and all its paradoxes. The poet managed to feel and convey on paper all the features of the Russian soul.

Undoubtedly, he can be safely attributed to the great Russian poets, called a fine connoisseur of Russian life, as well as an amazing artist of the word.

Yesenin's last verse

Goodbye my friend, goodbye.
My dear, you are in my chest.
Destined parting
Promises to meet in the future.

Goodbye, my friend, without a hand, without a word,
Do not be sad and do not sadness of the eyebrows, -
In this life, dying is not new,
But to live, of course, is not newer.

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