Continuous and separate spelling of adverbs are examples of phrases. List of adverbs and adverbial expressions with separate spelling. List of adverbs with continuous spelling
Continuous and separate spelling of adverbs
| Slitno | Apart |
| 1. Adverbs formed by combining a) a preposition and a full adjective into a consonant: in steep, close, hand-to-hand, often etc. Exceptions: on the world, backward, on the side, at random. b) preposition and adverb: forever, forever. Exceptions: see you tomorrow, no, with a bang, at random. c) preposition and short adj. or degree of comparison adj.: hastily, rashly, out of spite, cleaner, more etc. 2. Adverbs that have a noun in their composition, which is not used in the modern language: down to the ground, from time immemorial, from time immemorial, underhand, backward, by the way, hastily, shattered, furtively, surreptitiously, hearsay, awake, early in the morning, familiarity, etc. 3. Adverbs formed from different case forms of pronouns: draw, rush, then, then and etc. | 1. Adverbs consisting of a) preposition IN and a full adjective with a vowel: V open , All in all etc. b) preposition IN and a noun with a vowel: in exchange, at close range, in an armful, in retaliation etc. Exceptions: at random, in the morning, outright. c) suggestions WITHOUT and BEFORE and adverbs: tirelessly, uselessly, without looking back, until you drop etc. d) pretext BEHIND and noun: behind the eyes, behind the bosom, abroad etc. e) pretext UNDER and noun: under the guise, under the arms, at the side, to match etc. e) pretext FROM and noun from strength etc. g) prepositions BY and noun heart to heart, shoulder, gut, morning, conscience etc. g) preposition WITH and noun: on a grand scale, on a run, on the run etc. 2. Adverbs formed from the numeral with a preposition BY: two, three, one etc. 3. Adverbial combinations denoting the location and physical condition, formed from a noun in the form P.p. plural with prepositions IN And ON: on the clock, in the minds, on joys, the other day and etc. |
| 4. Adverbs formed from numerals (except for the preposition BY): twice, three times, in two, for the first time, at the same time 5. Adverbs formed from nouns with spatial or temporal meaning: up, deep down, down, wide, first, forever, at first, etc. Distinguish: climb up - into the heights beyond the clouds, climb deep - into the depths of the forest, stand to death - go to death, come on time - during a walk, do it first - from the beginning of the lesson etc. 6. Adverbs formed from nouns that are not capable of having explanatory words in this use: dry, out of order, singly, in a row, married, partly, by heart, shoulder-to-shoulder, cut out, out of line, sideways, right through, headlong etc. 7. Adverbs containing the element FLOOR-//SEMI-: half-heartedly, half-eye, half-heartedly, half-heartedly etc. Exception: after midnight | 4. Adverbial combinations consisting of repeated nouns (one of which is in the form of T.p.) or nouns connected by a preposition: deed by deed, side by side, word for word, honor by honor etc. Exception: crosswise, exactly - in - exactly 5. Phraseologisms of adverbial education: speak in the eyes, shout in the hearts, drive into a dead end, knock down the pantalyku and etc. |
List of adverbs with continuous spelling
Near, sideways, ford, forever, up, above, in the evening, plenty, up, deep, far, far, away, twice, together, doubly, in addition, plenty, after, along, far enough, shattered, suddenly, smashed, back, borrow, loan, in return, locked up, really, start, suction, puff, vzashey, completely, askew, briefly, at random, hard-boiled, together, to the left, fly in, together, instantly, for hire, for hire, vnakidka, vnaklad, vlaklad, at the beginning, down, down, draw, again, again, inside, inside, forever, forever, on time, at all, with might and main, together, truly, around, in general, with your own eyes, back home, after, for the first time, in a row, waddling, in a bend, in a race, forward, in front, interspersed, mixed up, intercepted, swimming, side by side, in an undertone, completely, half-turned, half, in a hurry, just right (according to the measure), subsequently, in the dark, really, right, to the right, looking closely, biting, skipping, squatting, half-starving, for the future, in a daze, in a daze, however, really, in vain, at once, at random, at random, at random, waddling, at random, at random, across, at random, by surprise, scattered, stretched out, level, apart, hand-to-hand, hardly, seriously, entirely, jump, casually , soon, soon, relish, following, blindly, aloud, soft-boiled, continuous, old, dry, everywhere, in secret (to do in secret, i.e. secretly; But: keep secret, i.e. in secret), in the dark, on the sly, in a hurry, at exorbitant prices, three times, three together, four times, four times, in a rough, outright, alien, in breadth, awake, awake.
White, forever, to the top, until, red, until, utterly, to the bottom, until now, drunk, until now, dry, satiety, until here, until ashes, until, until there, completely.
For nothing, for a long time, alive, in vain, dead, married, married, again, at the same time, familiar, at once, then, in the morning, often, why.
From the outside, from a long time ago, from afar, from afar, from the yellow, from the inside, occasionally, from time immemorial, obliquely, sparklingly, gradually, from under the brows, surreptitiously, from time immemorial, from under, blue, from time immemorial.
Up, back, down, in a row, by the way.
Sideways, white, sideways, forever, forever, probably, probably, for sure, up, on top, tipsy, forever, back, sobbing, hardly, forever, towards, inside out, protruding, protruding, through, out, out, out, out, out, out , tightly, naked, headlong, ready, in two, for a long time, alone, tomorrow, back, back, ground, in spite, by heart (learn), at the ready, inside out, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, on the eve, finally, firmly, to the left, lightly, obvious, the other day, much, on the contrary, at random, backhand, flatly, first of all, vying with each other, at the ready, vying with each other, intercepting, across, on the spot, picking up, showing off, half, finally, to the right, for example, for rent, ahead of time, ahead of time, recklessly, on the contrary, straight ahead, on an equal footing, wide open, in a singsong voice, snapped up, out, along, forcibly, through, as far as, hastily, dry, down the drain, to death, hastily, wide open, at random, on the run, in the morning, completely, on the alert, cleanly, cleanly, in reality, not far away, unwittingly, by chance, unbearable, unbearable, out of place, unwieldy, unbearable, not without reason (not without reason), not for nothing, not without reason, inopportunely, not for long, repeatedly, reluctance, for good reason.
On the ground, from where, by no means, from birth (from birth I have not seen, But: fifteen years old), from here, from here, because of, from there, in part, why.
Closer, nearby, sideways, on top, on top, everywhere, even more so, rightly so, cheaper, for good, for a long time, more, in a row, sometimes, clean up, the day before yesterday, behind, truly, for the time being, little by little, little by little, in vain, hearsay, involuntarily, little by little, below, still, at a distance, one by one, in turn, in pairs, across, in half, in the afternoon, simply, in vain, equally, therefore (he fell ill, therefore he did not come, But: be according to this), because, the day after tomorrow, in the middle, in the middle, insofar, dryly, slowly, then, therefore, in the morning, how much, why, therefore.
Side, above, above, above, rashly, foolishly, now, behind, left, too, young, outside, first, below, again, completely, blindly, first, in front, shoulder, early in the morning, on the right, awake, awake, simply, drunk, immediately, headlong, since childhood, since childhood, again.
Immediately. Too.
List of adverbs and adverbs with separate spellings
Without knowledge, without request, without bluntness, without looking back, without refusal, without clearance, without waking up,
indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, incessantly, without fatigue, side by side.
In the form, in the heads, in a curiosity, in addition, in conclusion, in the end, in the root, in gloss, in moderation, in mockery, in the legs, in the leg, in exchange, in an embrace, in short, tight, in girth, in general, fully armed, publicly, alone, in order to avoid, a hundredfold, openly, in revenge, in an armful, in dust, in opposition, in installments, at retail, in a row, in hearts, in clubbing , after that, on time, in the old days, to the side, on the line, in silence, in three deaths, at a dead end, point-blank.
On demand, to the point, to the extreme, beyond recognition, to the dump, to failure, goodbye, so far, to death, to the point of drop.
Behind the eyes, abroad, abroad, after midnight, for peace, for what about what.
From abroad, from under the arm, from under the arm, from under the bushel.
Just. Mal is small less.
At random, on the run, on the side, forever and ever, forever and ever, by weight, by weight, by sight, by sight, by time, by choice, by eye, by eyes, by sin, by wonder, one of these days, at home, at home, on the hind legs, on envy, on heels, at the end, at exhaustion, at wear, at the end, on all fours, squatting., squatting, fret, on the fly, in manner, for a moment, on world, no, flying away, excellent, touch, memory, afloat, backward, on bail, on bail, on sight, on rare, on hand, on a gallop, on fame, on laughter, on demolitions, on conscience, on guard, for slaughter, with a bang, on the go, for good, on tiptoe, on tiptoe, on the clock (on guard), on all fours,
on the step, not in the spirit, not in the standings, not in measure, not as an example, not for free (not for free), not for good, not in a hurry, not to taste, not within the power, not in the teeth, not in the gut, not on the shoulder, not away, not out of hand, not for a penny, not one iota, toe to toe.
One on one, big and small.
At times, at your side, in the evening, downhill, on the cheap, at the end, at the end, under the spoon, under the armpits, under the armpits, under the force, under the bushel, under the match, in twos, under the guise, under the bridle, under the slope , at least on the inside, one at a time, in turn, for the most part, according to conscience, in the old fashioned way, three at a time, to yourself.
From side to side, from side to side, from side to side, from side to side, from the knowledge, from sight, from eye to eye, from kondachka, word for word, word for word, with a swoop, with a swoop, with a swoop, from beginning to end, with all that, with pantalyku to stray, from a run, from acceleration, on a grand scale, on the move, from hour to hour.
From time to time.
SAMPLE TASK
13. Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
1. (B) FOR many hours the hunter sat at the hole and did not hear WHAT (WOULD) the fox grumble or bark.
2. Anna Mikhailovna wrote to the front (FOR) THE PREVIOUS address and (FOR) THE STILL she was waiting for a letter.
3. (B) SOON the sun completely disappeared behind a sharp ridge, and immediately (FROM) THERE a fan of bright red rays flew into the sky.
4. My companion (FOR) STILL followed each bird with his eyes and (IN) SECRETly pondered the plan of our future hunt.
5. These places, familiar to the hunter only (BY) HEARING, (BY) RIGHT can count on wide popularity.
ANSWER: soon there
The peculiarity of the adverb in Russian is such that this part of speech does not have conjugation and does not change by gender, case and number. The spelling of adverbs depends on several factors, each of which is described in this article. In addition, there are available examples for each rule, as well as exceptions to them.
Features of spelling of adverbs
Adverb in Russian- this is an independent part of speech that does not change in numbers, gender and cases and has no conjugation. In phrases, it can adjoin other adverbs, verbs, adjectives and nouns. The spelling of adverbs depends on the way they are formed and on which syllable the stress falls in the word.
Continuous and separate spelling of adverbs
Table Continuous and separate spelling of adverbs includes rules, examples, and exceptions.
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Are written together |
Written separately |
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Adverbs formed from adverbs, pronouns or adjectives using prefixes |
Absolutely, forever, why, because, in the heat of the moment, cleanly, manually, directly |
Adverbs with prepositions formed from words that begin with a vowel |
In the morning, openly, crazy |
|
Adverbs formed from nouns not used in modern speech |
Shattered, old, ground, early in the morning |
Adverbs formed from prepositions without, before, with, under and nouns |
On the run, without restraint, to the dump, with a swing Exceptions: to the ground, to the bottom, to the top, kind of, foolishly, shoulder-to-shoulder, in a row, sometimes |
|
Adverbs with prefixes in-, on- formed from collective numerals |
Three, four, seven |
Adverbs formed from collective numbers and prepositions By |
four, one hundred |
|
Adverbs with the meaning of space and time |
Forward, up, first |
If the noun in the adverb retained the case form |
On bail (on bail), under the arms (under the arm), in good conscience (in good conscience) |
|
Adverbs where the noun cannot be questioned |
Aloud, half, in the morning |
Adverbs in which a qualifying word can be added between a preposition and a noun |
On a gallop (on all gallops), to a dead end (to a dead end in life) |
|
Adverbs formed with a preposition V, particles floor and noun |
Exceptions: half a face, half an apple, half an egg |
Adverbs made up of prepositions in, on and nouns with endings -ah(s) |
In hearts, in heads, in joy Exceptions: in a hurry, in the dark, in a hurry |
Hyphenated (semi-continuous) spelling of adverbs
The following adverbs are written with a hyphen:
- Formed from pronouns and full adjectives with a prefix in- (Japanese, different, your way).
- Formed from ordinal numbers with a prefix in- (in-) (secondly, thirdly, fifthly).
- Adverbs with particles something, something, something, something (somewhere, somebody, something).
- Compound adverbs formed by repeating the same word or two synonyms (little by little, a long time ago, a little bit).
There are several types of rules:
I. spelling of adverbial suffixes;
II. spelling of adverbs through a hyphen;
III. continuous and separate spelling of adverbs.
I. Spelling of adverbial suffixes:
1) at the end of adverbs , formed from full adjectives, is written:
- suffix -O - after hard consonants, for example: long - debt O;
- suffix -e - after soft consonants; For example: external - external e.
2) at the end of adverbs after sibilants under stress is written -o: common O? ; without accent - -e : sing-h e.
Exception: more.
3) at the end of adverbs formed from short adjectives with the help of prefixes from- (is-), do-, s- (co-), -a is written; For example : occasionally A, dry A, ref A ; with the help of prefixes in-, for-, on-, it is written -o ; For example: right O, right O, easily O.
4) adverbs with the prefix po- at the end have -y; For example: for a long time, because, so far.
5) at the end of adverbs (and particles), after the sibilants, it is written ь. For example: jump, I mean, hear, see, backhand.
Exceptions: already, married, unbearable.
II. Spelling of adverbs with a hyphen:
1) adverbs formed from full adjectives and pronouns-adjectives in the prefix-suffix way, with prefix And suffixes -mu, -him, -i. For example: the other - in a different way, the real one - for real, human - in a human way, English - in English, fox - in fox.
By analogy with words English, French, German, Russian an adverb is written with a hyphen in Latin;
2) adverbs formed from ordinal numbers in the prefix-suffix way, with the prefix in- (in-) And suffix -ih(s); For example: first? first, second? Secondly.
3) term on the mountain;
4) adverbs with prefix something And postfixes -something, -either, -something, -the same ; For example: somehow, for some reason, well, sometime, somewhere, after all.
5) adverbs formed by repetition:
- the same word; For example: barely, just a little, just about;
- the same root, complicated by prefixes and suffixes; For example: apparently-invisibly, little by little, just, after all, a long time ago, willy-nilly;
- synonyms; For example: from the bay, floundering, kindly, hello, at the very least, unexpectedly, unexpectedly.
Note!
a) Adverbs are written together with the prefix po-, formed:
- from possessive pronouns with final -mu; For example: therefore, why, therefore, therefore.
- in the prefix-suffix way from full adjectives with the suffix -o. For example: monthly - monthly, decade - ten days, lowercase - line by line.
b) Written separately:
- adverbial combinations made up of repeated nouns with a preposition between them. For example: side by side, side by side, honor by honor.
Exception: exactly, exactly, crosswise;
- unprepositional combinations consisting of repeating nouns (the second is in the instrumental case). For example: rank rank, honor honor;
- combinations with single-root words (adverb + verb), in which the first is an adverb with -ya. For example: swarming with swarming, roaring roaring.
V) Do not confuse adverbs (written with a hyphen) with homonymous combinations of prepositions with adjectives and adjective pronouns (written separately). In order to distinguish between them, use the following rule: the adjective and the pronoun-adjective can be removed from the sentence; with an adverb, this operation is not possible.
For example: Trains run on the same schedule (Trains run on schedule). - We still have still can't be removed ); Events developed according to a different variant (Events developed according to a variant). He did everything differently cannot be removed by another ).
III. Continuous and separate spelling of adverbs
The continuous and separate spelling of adverbs and adverbial combinations is largely determined by tradition, as well as by what part of speech the adverb and adverbial combination are formed from.
1. Adverbs formed from other adverbs:
1) adverbs are written together formed by combining prefixes with adverbs. For example: it is forbidden? utterly always? forever tomorrow? the day after tomorrow, out? outside.
2) written separately combinations of prepositions with invariable words used in the meaning of nouns. For example: negate, pass the exam well, go with a bang.
In this case, after the preposition, you can put the case question of the noun. Pass the exam forWhat? )Fine.
Compare: Tomorrow we hit the road(for tomorrow - an adverb in the meaning of "the next day", the question is asked to the word in its entirety: set off on the road (when?) - tomorrow) – Departure postponed until tomorrow(for tomorrow - a prepositional combination in the meaning of "tomorrow", the question is asked after the preposition on: departure postponed until (what day?) tomorrow).
2. Adverbs formed from numerals:
1) are written together adverbs formed by the connection "prefixes in, on- + collective numeral on -e"; For example: double, double.
2) written separately combinations:
a) "preposition on + collective numeral on -e"; For example: two, three;
b) “a preposition + a collective numeral in -s (-s)” (note that adverbs firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc. are written with a hyphen!); For example: for two, for three, for six.
3) written separately prepositional combinations formed by the repetition of the same numeral (including the collective one) with a preposition between numerals; For example: one on one, two on two;
4) adverbs and adverbial combinations with the root one are written together and separately:
a) written separately combinations - alone, one by one;
b) are written together adverbs at the same time, one by one. For example: scatter one by one, act together.
But written separately combinations where behind , By are pretexts . For example: give life for one word; seated in solitary confinement - solitary confinement.
3. Adverbs formed from pronouns:
1) are written together adverbs (including pronominal adverbs) arising from the combination "preposition + pronoun". For example: therefore, then, at all, with might and main, absolutely, in a draw, moreover, at all.
But spelled separately combination of a preposition with a pronoun; For example: all days, for that matter.
2) always written separately combinations: from this, at the same time, behind this, for what, for what, for that, for nothing, for nothing, for nothing, in any, in both.
Pay attention to the spelling of phraseological units: no matter what, as if nothing had happened.
4. Adverbs formed from adjectives:
1) are written together adverbs formed from adjectives in the prefix-suffix way; For example: new - again, left - left, lowercase - line by line.
2) are written together adverbs arising from the combination "preposition + full adjective in case form". For example: manually, idly, recklessly, directly, often.
Exceptions: on the side, on the world, on the back;
3) written separately adverbs arising from the combination "preposition + full adjective in case form", if the preposition ends in a consonant, and the adjective begins with a vowel. For example: openly.
Note!
spelled separately a combination of a preposition with a full adjective (in this case, the adjective can be removed from the sentence or phrase; the question is put after the preposition).
Compare: speak (how?) directly(adverb) - go to (what?) straight street; go outside("preposition + adjective").
5.Adverbs formed from a noun with prepositions
The spelling of adverbs and adverbial combinations that arose from the combinations "preposition + noun in a certain case" is largely determined by tradition.
At the same time, the continuous and separate spelling of adverbs and adverbial combinations depends on:
1) from the type of noun to which the adverb goes:
a) usually are written together adverbs that have nominal forms in their composition, which are not used in modern Russian. For example: enough, locked up, early in the morning, in a mess, in reality.
Exceptions: fully armed, publicly, bluntly, to the point, etc.;
b) usually are written together adverbs, if between the preposition-prefix and the noun from which the adverb was formed, a definition cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be raised after the preposition to the noun. For example: skipping, refusing point-blank, vying with each other.
Exceptions: done in good conscience, to match someone;
c) usually are written together adverbs formed from prepositional-case forms, if in modern Russian there is a homonymous combination of a noun with a preposition (in a different meaning). For example: put on the cap on the side(the cap is on the head, not on the side!) - the horse fell on its side.
Exceptions: strive for fame(adverb) - don't count on glory recite poetry from memory(adverb) - don't rely on memory(noun with a preposition);
d) usually are written together adverbs formed from nouns with spatial and temporal meaning - top, bottom, front, back, height, depth, distance, breadth, century, beginning, etc.
Look up, remember forever, look back, think first.
Separately written homonymous forms of a noun with a preposition: the noun in this case is used in its direct meaning and has a dependent adjective or noun.
Compare: Think first, then answer(adverb) - It's been three hours since the meeting started.(noun with a preposition); He looked up(adverb) - He climbed to the top of the stairs(noun with a preposition).
Note!
Remember the separate spelling: for centuries, for centuries, for centuries(i.e. long ago, from time immemorial), forever and ever, forever and ever.
Remember the spelling: top to bottom, top to bottom, bottom to top.
2) on the type of preposition:
a) usually are written together adverbs with prepositions:
- TO: in a row, by the way, up, down;
Exceptions: to the place (to the place to say), to hurry, not to hurry.
- ABOUT : on the ground, side by side (in the meaning of “next to” - sit side by side; but: hit the side of the boat);
- FROM (IS) : from within, from afar, from time immemorial, from time immemorial;
- FROM: in part, from birth in the meaning of “never” (he never ate such dishes, but: from birth in the meaning of “from birth” - he is ten years old);
b) usually written separately adverbial expressions with prepositions:
- WITHOUT: to no avail, without asking, without restraint, without a twinge of conscience;
- BEFORE: to the point of drop, to the point, to death (tired), to satiety (ate);
Exceptions: to the top (loaded), to the bottom (fell down), to the ground (burned out).
- C (CO): from kondachka, from pantalik, from a running start, from a swing, from evil, with excess, from fright;
Exceptions: foolishly, too, slapping (to hit), immediately, akin to, half-awake, half-awake, early in the morning, in a row, in front, behind, from below, from above;
- FROM UNDER: from under the belly, from under the armpits, from under the nose;
Exceptions: under the brows, underneath, underneath.
- BEHIND : abroad, abroad, behind the eyes, after midnight;
Exceptions : married, married, familiar.
- UNDER: to match, under the nose, under the arm, under the bushel, under the bushel;
Exceptions : sometimes ("sometimes"), in a row.
c) are written separately adverbs with the preposition в, if the original noun begins with a vowel; For example: point-blank, bypassing, in general (but: in general).
G) adverbial expressions with prepositions in, on, by are written:
- apart , if the noun still retains the ability to change in cases. Compare: done in good conscience - to act according to conscience, to confuse - to be in a dead end.
Exceptions: inside out(although there is from the inside), one by one(although eat alone ), instantly(although there is momentarily), hastily(although there is no hurry);
- apart, if the noun ends in -ah(s). For example: in the dark, in hearts, running errands, in joy.
Exceptions: in the dark, in a hurry, in a hurry, in a fever (nouns without in are no longer used);
- apart, if an adjective can be put between the preposition in, on, by and the noun, the pronoun and the meaning of the noun will not change; For example: for a moment - for one moment, at a gallop - at full gallop.
- together, if the noun separately from in, on, by is no longer used. For example: on an empty stomach, firsthand, in the end, down the drain, in the dark, in a hurry, in a hurry, in a fever.
- together, if an adjective or pronoun cannot be inserted between in, on, by and a noun (without changing the meaning of the noun). For example: for the future, plenty, flatly, in an undertone, tightly.
The spelling of adverbs and adverbial combinations in many cases is determined by tradition. Therefore, in case of difficulty, you should refer to spelling dictionaries.
Spelling of adverbs
An adverb is a part of speech around which there have been ongoing discussions in Russian linguistics over the past three centuries. Even A. A. Barsov (1730-1791), the author of the first "Russian Grammar", believed that the etymological meaning of the term "adverb" (in Latin ADVERBUM - "preverb", from the word VERBUM - "verb") does not correspond to real functions this part of speech in the language, because adverbs are also used before an adjective and before other adverbs. Consider examples:
BEAUTIFUL TO DRAW (adverb + verb)
VERY BEAUTIFUL (adverb + adjective)
VERY DIFFICULT (adverb + adverb)
In the 19th century, scholars' opinions about this part of speech were divided more radically. K. S. Aksakov and F. I. Buslaev believed that such a part of speech does not exist at all. But A. A. Potebnya “returned” the adverb to the morphology of the Russian language, and Academician A. A. Shakhmatov even believed that the adverb occupies a central place in the system of parts of speech. The reason for these disputes is that the words that are commonly called adverbs are formed from words of other parts of speech (from nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, verbs) and are very similar to them. Consider a few examples:
the adverb TOGETHER (“to sail / where? / towards the wind”) was formed from a combination of the preposition ON with the noun MEETING (“to be late for a meeting with a colleague”);
the adverb IN OUR way (“everything turned out / how? / in our opinion”) was formed from a combination of the preposition PO and the pronoun OUR (“in our case”);
the adverb KRASIVO (“to speak / how? / beautifully”) is very similar to the short adjective KRASIVO (“the evening sea / what? / beautifully”).
Sometimes when a word changes from some part of speech into an adverb, it completely retains its spelling. So it happened with the adverb BEAUTIFUL. But it happens that the newly formed adverb changes its graphic appearance in comparison with the original word or combination of words: it is written with a hyphen (IN OUR) or together (TOV). It is with this that the difficulties in choosing the correct spelling of adverbs are connected.
Continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs depends on how they were formed. Let's take a look at each of the spellings in turn.
CONTINUOUS adverbs are written in six cases:
If the adverb was formed relatively long ago and in its composition there are nominal forms that are not currently used in the literary language, for example: ENOUGH, SHELLED, LOCKED UP, HOME, BACK, SURPRISINGLY, SECRETLY, FAMILY, FLUSHLY, HURRYLY, WARNINGLY, NATOSCHAK, MISSINGLY, OZEM, EARLY EARLY and others. In other words, the adverb SHELL is written together, since there is no form of SHIT in the modern literary language.
If the adverb was formed by combining the prefix with another adverb, for example: DEFINITELY, FOR FREE, FOREVER, THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW, EVERYWHERE, IN ADVANCE, etc. Let's take a closer look at the last word: the prefix FOR is added to the adverb EARLIER, and a more complex adverb is formed IN ADVANCE, which, of course, is written together .
If the adverb was formed by combining a preposition with an adjective. Both full and short forms can participate in the formation of adverbs. Full adjectives answer in the nominative case the questions WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT? For example, the adverb from the phrase MAKE MANUALLY was formed due to the merger of the preposition B with the adjective MANUAL (in their case - MANUAL). In a similar way, adverbs appeared CLOSE, Scattered, DARK, CLEAR, etc. Short adjectives in the nominative case answer the questions WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT? and WHAT are? and have truncated endings compared to full adjectives, compare: HOT (answers the question WHAT? - this is the full form) and HOT-A (answers the question WHAT? - this is the short form). For example, an adverb, which was obtained by merging the preposition C and the short adjective HOT, must be written together. In a similar way, the adverbs LEFT, DRY, DEAD, FROM ALONG, HURRY, A LITTLE, EMPTY, SLOWLY were formed.
If the adverb was formed by combining a preposition with a noun, but between the preposition and the noun, from which the adverb was formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: IN ADDITION, VBROD, FLIGHT, AGAIN, VERY, AROUND, FOLLOWING, INVERSE, INVERSE, UP TO, IN TIME (SUIT), ON TIME (COMING), TO SIDE (PUT ON A HAT), TOGETHER, BLASTING, HEAD (BREAK), IN spite, BY THE TEETH (LEARN), INTERCEPT, FOR SHOW, FINALLY, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR RENT, IN CHANT, TOGETHER, FORCE, AT SUCCESS, THE NEXT MORNING (RETURN), IN A ROW, SOMETIMES, etc. This does not apply to words that were formed from nouns TOP, BOTTOM, FRONT, BACK, HIGH, DAL , CENTURY, BEGINNING and have spatial or temporal significance. Despite the possibility of setting a defining word before some of them, they are written together, for example: UP, UP, UP, UP, UP, UP; DOWN, DOWN, DOWN, DOWN, DOWN; FORWARD, FORWARD; BACK; UP; FAR, FAR, FAR; FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER, FOREVER; FIRST, FIRST.
If the adverb was formed by combining a preposition with a pronoun, for example: BECAUSE, THEN, THEREFORE, THEREFORE, TOTALLY, AT ALL. AT ALL.
If the adverb was formed by combining the preposition B or HA with collective numbers. Numerals in Russian are divided into three groups: quantitative (for example, TWO, FIVE, TEN), ordinal (SECOND, FIFTH, TEN) and collective (TWO, FIVE, TEN). In accordance with the rule, adverbs formed only from the numerals of the last group are written together, for example: TWICE, TWO, SIX. The spelling of adverbs formed from numerals of other types will be discussed below.
The adverb is written THROUGH THE HYPHEN in four cases.
If it is formed by the repetition of the same word (for example, QUICKLY-QUICKLY), the same stem (CROSS-CROSS) or synonymous words (QUIET-PEACEFUL).
If the adverb is formed from full adjectives and pronouns ending in -OMU, -EMU, -TSKI, -SKI, -ЫИ using the prefix PO, for example: PO-NOVOVU, PO-VASHI, PO-GERMAN, PO-RUSSIAN, PO- BIRD.
If the adverb was formed from an ordinal numeral ending in -ЫХ or -ИХ, using the prefix В or ВО, for example: SECOND, FIFTH.
If the adverb was formed with the help of particles, which are always written with a hyphen: -THAT, -OR, -ANYTHING, SOME-, -THAT. Such adverbs are called indefinite, for example: SOMETIME, SOMEONE, ALL THESE, SOMEWHERE.
Adverbs written separately, it is more fair to call adverbial combinations, since these are combinations of words that belong to other parts of speech and have only acquired some features of adverbs. Perhaps some time will pass, and they will turn into full-fledged adverbs and will be recorded in the dictionary with a hyphen or even together, but now such words have only embarked on the path of becoming adverbs. Among adverbial combinations written separately, four groups can be distinguished.
The first group includes combinations of nouns with various prepositions, in which the noun retained at least some case forms. Consider the following examples: SQUAT, SQUAT; ABROAD, ABROAD, FROM BORDER; AT HOME, AT HOME; FOR MEMORY, FOR MEMORY; ON CONFIDENCE, ON CONSCIENCE; ON HAND, NOT FROM HAND; UNDER THE ARMS, UNDER THE ARMS, UNDER THE ARMS, UNDER THE ARMS, FROM UNDER THE ARMS; ON Bail, ON Bail. An adverb is an invariable part of speech: it does not decline or conjugate. But if the word has several case forms, then this is not an adverb and it must be written separately with a preposition.
The second group of adverbial combinations, which are written separately, consists of a preposition ending in a consonant and a noun beginning in a vowel. For example: Hugging, Alone, In revenge, Point-blank, PLEASANT, WITHOUT HOLDING, WITHOUT TIRED and others.
The third group consists of adverbial combinations consisting of two repeated nouns, sometimes with a preposition between them. For example: HONOR BY HONOR, AN OFFICER AN OFFICER, SIDE BY SIDE, EYE TO EYE, DOOR TO DOOR.
The fourth group is a less well-defined set of combinations of nouns with prepositions that are used in an adverbial sense or simply look like adverbs, because they answer the question HOW?. For example: WITHOUT KNOWING, WITHOUT REQUEST, WITHOUT LOOKING BACK, WITHOUT PURPOSES, WITHOUT TIRED, INTO THE INSULATE, BEFORE YOU HAVE, TO DEATH, ON THE RUN, IN SIGHT, BY THE EYE, WITH A RUN, ON THE GO and others. The spelling of such words must be memorized, and in case of doubt, seek help from a spelling dictionary.
It is necessary to remember the exception words that are written differently than indicated in the rule: IN OPEN, ON-MOUNTAIN, IN LATIN, EXACTLY TO THE POINT.
EXERCISE
There are not many clamps and carts, it will be necessary to start all this in the winter, both well and in_satisfied. [A. A. Fet. Autumn chores]
One ear - out of four - hung quite like a dog. [YU. Mamleev. End of the World/Black Mirror]
I would like to leave something for you to remember. [A. S. Pushkin. Kirdzhali]
You need to prepare for the exit ahead of time (especially if there are a lot of passengers). [Rules of conduct in ground transport]
Following her, a German doctor, in a black caftan and in a learned wig, entered, felt Natasha's pulse and announced in Latin, and then in Russian, that the danger had passed. [A. S. Pushkin. Arap of Peter the Great]
They began to live with Valyusha, and little by little it began to dawn on them that they were completely strangers to each other. [IN. Shukshin. Husband's wife saw off to Paris]
Yes, there was discipline then, not like now, and they worked to their conscience, spared no effort .. [O. Glushkin. Last flight]
I immediately feel cold, although I am dressed in a warm monkey coat and a fur hat, over which another Budyonnovka cap is pulled, and tied crosswise with a woolen shawl. [A. Chudakov. Darkness falls on the old steps]
I need money not after_tomorrow, but today. [A. P. Chekhov. Bear]
He was tired of going abroad every day and really wanted to go home, to his place in Novoselki. [A. P. Chekhov. compensation disorder]
A cup of wine pays five times, six times more than in a tavern. [F. M. Dostoevsky. Notes from the House of the Dead]
We need to see the world in a new way. [YU. Olesha. Writer's Notes]
The children rolling on the ice rushed to the shore like sparrows. [D. Mamin-Siberian. Bad comrade]
It rings on the front porch: an aristocratic figure, a rented suit, decent. [IN. Gilyarovsky. Moscow and Muscovites]
Connections are broken, the secret is forever lost... the secret is born! [A. Bits. Notes of a goy]
The principal of the school wrote him a pass in German to the city, to the army headquarters. [A. N. Tolstoy. Strange story]
All the boats were smashed to smithereens, to pieces, the last remnants were disheveled across the sky and across the sea. [B. Zhitkov. Geography lesson]
And we waited for you until seven o'clock, then we decided that you would not come at all. [A. P. Chekhov. Cripple]
The second was far more important than the first. [E. Limonov. We had the Epoch Times]
The Frenchman did not have that kind of money and went home, slurping unsalted. [IN. Shukshin. Aliens]
Along the pavement, close to each other, shimmering with varnish and resounding the night with the hubbub of horns and radio tape recorders, slowly, in several rows, crawled endless strings of cars of outlandish foreign breeds. [WITH. Gandlevsky.<НРЗБ>]
So_very recently in the center of Leningrad, on Kamenny Island, the guys going to school saw two elks wandering under the trees in the morning. [AND. Sokolov-Mikitov. Moose]
Michael the Brave walked along with the others, like a simple warrior. [N. M. Karamzin. Marfa Posadnitsa]
They are all familiar to each other; dress worn out, so you don’t know who is a corporal, who is a general. [M. N. Zagoskin. Roslavlev]
From this, he often answers incoherently, sometimes out of place, and objects interfering in his head increase his timidity even more. [N. V. Gogol. Nevsky Avenue]
A man lives in the open, he doesn’t hide from people, he doesn’t do harm to others, and he helps whom according to his strength-possibility. [P. P. Bazhov. Circular Lantern]
Little by little her tired head bowed: the poor girl did not sleep for several nights, not leaving her sick brother, and now she dozed off a little. [IN. M. Garshin. The Tale of the Toad and the Rose]
You do not think that he is on an empty stomach, no, in the morning he crushed two pounds of rolls and dined at noon, as it should be. [M. Bitter. In people]
You probably don’t write for nothing, for money! [A. P. Chekhov. At Christmas time]
There was longing in his eyes, and a chessboard under his arm. [IN. Vysotsky. About the game of chess]
In our dining room, for example, there are no cockroaches! [IN. Vysotsky. Dolphins Again]
The population lived quietly_peacefully. [Sasha Cherny. Soldier's Tales / Peaceful War]
She pounded on them, and they flew off, just like paint from old mannequins. [L. Ulitskaya. Journey to the seventh side of the world]
Their types and images are different, but the root of good things is the same everywhere, because nature itself is unchanged anywhere. [A. N. Radishchev. By laying down an impenetrable barrier...]
- What do you think love is? the girl asked. [A. A. Fet. Cactus]
A? Who sent you, who benefits from this! [IN. Vysotsky. Dolphins Again]
Truly, the blood stops and the brain is poisoned at the mere thought that people with such criminal intentions breathe the same air and are similar to us in their outward appearance. [N. Eidelman. Letter to the king]
The case in the dispensary, as in any other institution, was carried out in an impossibly routine and senseless manner. [L. Ulitskaya. Daughter of Bukhara]
Finally_taki I will be an accountant! [A. P. Chekhov. From the diary of an assistant accountant]
During the assembly, many parts had to be poured and re-sharpened, fitted, cleaned manually. [A. Beck. Talent]
They walked off honor_honor, how much prosperity was enough. [P. P. Bazhov. Circular Lantern]
When the sovereign was still in Vilna, the army was divided into three ... [L. N. Tolstoy. War and Peace]
When they died, it was bitter and hard for him, and when they grew up, they left him to fight alone with severe need. [IN. G. Korolenko. Makar's dream]
Another wagon driver somewhere at the exit from the factory will grab a lamb, and lead him slowly behind his cart. [P. P. Bazhov. Vasina Gora]
Malchish is sitting by the chimney on the roof, and Malchish sees an unfamiliar rider galloping from far away. [A. Gaidar. Tale about a military secret, Malchish-Kibalchish and his firm word]
Life is life, and if some question cannot be solved in any way, a person lives with this question side by side. [IN. Makanin. Sur in the Proletarsky District]
An order followed to give Khabarov, in addition to his salary, two hundred rubles a year. [AND. A. Goncharov. Reversal of Fate]
The women cursed loudly and pushed each other with their wallets. [D. Kharms. The beginning of a very good summer day]
Opponents played in a draw. [A. Beck. Talent]
Those three looked at her in_upor, as you can only look at your friend. [Georgy Vladimov. We all deserve more]
It is necessary to clean, then roll in crushed breadcrumbs and fry until dry, so that they crunch on the teeth. [A. P. Chekhov. Ivanov]
In the bow of the vessel, behind_under_the_face, there is a cockpit with two round transoms, glazed with aircraft glass. [IN. Astafiev. king fish]
Often, what is put on display is just not there in reality. [IN. Postnikov. Why does the snake have such a long neck?]
Sitting high on a tree branch, holding a cone in their front paws, squirrels quickly_quickly gnaw seeds out of it, dropping scales spinning in the air, throwing a gnawed resinous rod onto the snow. [AND. Sokolov-Mikitov. Proteins]
Father, in revenge for switching the program, talked about space aliens - the most hated topic for mother. [A. Bits. Forest]
But I'm two times older than you, but I can't figure out life. [A. Averchenko. Connoisseur of Women's Heart]
The spelling of adverbs sometimes depends even on such a trifle as stress, not to mention not to confuse a prefix with a preposition. Let's try to figure it all out.
What to look out for
Strictly speaking, all information about how to write adverbs correctly can be divided into several large blocks. There are a few things to understand:- Where did the word itself come from?
- Where is his suffix?
- What is a hyphen and when is it correct to use it?
- Where is the prefix, and where is the preposition?
What was the first
In the beginning, as you know, there was the word. The whole question is which one - what exactly served as the basis for the adverb with which you need to figure it out:- adjective
- noun
- verb
- one more adverb
How did it come about
Much depends on how the adverb came about:- suffix
- prefix, which is also called prefix
- mixed when both morphemes are involved
- by adding words
Two words about suffixes
No words just appear. Morphemes are involved in the process - small but important particles. Because of them, miracles happen - one part of speech passes into another. In this case, the suffix is the main one. A significant part of adverbs are formed from adjectives - complete or short. If we are talking about the full, you need to immediately see after what sound this very suffix appears:- after hard
- after mild
- after hissing.
Important! There is only one exception, it is easy to remember (and you can add it to your own dictionary). It's the word "more".
If the adjective was short
It happens that words undergo amazing metamorphoses. There was a full adjective, then it was shortened, and then, at the request of the narrator, it took it, and turned into an adverb. All you need is to add a prefix and a suffix. The prefix, which philologists also call the prefix, is more important. The suffix often depends on it. Therefore, we divide the prefixes needed in this case into three groups:- from- or is-, do-, s-, this latter periodically turns into co-
- in-, for-, for-
- All adverbs with these prefixes will have the suffix -a:left, surreptitiously, dry. And again, nothing depends on the accent.
- And if the word does not begin with do-, but, say, with v- or with any other prefix that we have in the second line? The situation is changing dramatically. The suffix is -o, and only he.Hands can be wiped dry, or dry.And when it comes to direction, then a beautiful house will be on your left, and if you want to approach it, you will have to turn left or left.
- The prefix is special, it is not for nothing that she lives all alone. And her suffix is original - only -y, and no other:little by little, little by little, little by little.
To put a dash or not?
Morphemes are not everything! The most important thing is how to write adverbs in different cases:- together
- apart
- through a dash (hyphen).
- When a word is made up of two identical- barely, quietly, quietly, everything.
- When both parts of an adverb come from the same rootor words that are very close in meaning and sound: little by little, running, somersaulting, bays, floundering, a long time ago.
- If an adjective becomes an adverband this happened with the help of suffixes -om or -him, and in front there is a prefix in -: in a different way, in a foolish way, in a good way, in Chinese.
- The numeral can also turn into an adverb,for this there is a prefix in- (it can sometimes be transformed into in-): fourthly, thirdly.
Important! An adverb with a prefix can be written without any hyphen if it is formed from some other word, and not from a possessive adjective: why, therefore. Adverbs with the same prefix are written without any dashes, if there is a suffix -o at the end: line by line, step by step.
No extra icons
The hyphen is an important thing, of course, but is it always needed when it comes to adverbs? No. Some adverbs are written together, some are written separately, but when and how? This is where you need to pay special attention to how the words you need were formed - from what word, and what is in front of it, a prefix or a preposition. The list of cases when continuous writing is required is not so long:- When an adverb was formed from an adjective with the help of a prefix, pronouns or other adverbs: black, white, utterly, directly.
- When the old word turned out to be the basis, long out of use: old, early in the morning.
- When collective numbers are based: five, seven (more), etc., but only if there are prefixes in- or on-.
- If adverbs denote some segment of space or time, as well as the direction: first, up, right, down.
- When it comes to half of something and there is a particle of half: half a century. However, if the letter l or I is at the beginning, then the word is written with a hyphen: half an apple, half a liter. There are also words in Russian that belong to the same class, in which the preposition v is added to the prefix. They are written together “half-faced”, “half-turned”.
Separate spelling
What is written separately? What is formed with the help of a preposition (and it's time to remember how one differs from the other). Separate spelling will be literate when adverbs are formed:- From nouns using prepositions without, under, with, to: crazy, belching, on the fly, on the fly. But there are exceptions: to the bottom, to the top, shoulder, to the ground.
- From nouns that have retained the ability to decline: under the armpits, on bail.
- From collective numbers, if there is a preposition for: in a column of three, distributed in four.
- If something else can be added between the preposition and the main word: on (all) fly, in (material) impasse.
- An adverb is also written in a few words, which is a combination of a preposition in and a noun with the ending -ah or -ah : on demolition, in the heads. But there are also exceptions to this rule - for example, in the dark and in a hurry they are written together.
These strange particles
Some adverbs begin with the negative particles non- and non-. How to deal with them, because in the texts they are written either together or separately. Let's deal with non-. It “sticks” to a negative or indefinite adverb in only three situations:- When the emphasis falls on her: nowhere (to take), nothing (to do).
- When the word does not exist without this particle: impossible, unbearable.
- Can you find a synonym: uninteresting (boring), not soon (after a long period of time).
