The influence of Glinka's travels on his work. The biography of Mikhail Glinka and his work are briefly the most important. Glinka's symphonic music

Composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka remained in history as a great composer of music and founder of the Russian classical direction in it, and also as the author of the first Russian opera. His work influenced the emergence of other talented names in musical world Russia. This master is revered not only in his homeland, but also far beyond its borders.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka is a great Russian composer.

early years

Future composer born in 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. His father, a wealthy nobleman, was a former army captain. Until the age of 6, Misha was raised by her grandmother.

As a child, Mikhail heard almost no music - only the sound of a church bell and the songs of peasants. But it was precisely these motives that helped him create complex dramatic compositions in the future, completely different from the elegant European melodies of that era.

Young Misha with his sister and mother in a painting by an unknown artist.

The first serious musical works The boy heard it on his uncle's estate, where he moved after his grandmother's death. There was an orchestra with good repertoire- played Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. At the same time, the young talent began taking violin and piano lessons.

Beginning of a composer's career

The further years of Mikhail's life take place in St. Petersburg. There he enters a boarding school ( closed school) for noble children and in parallel studies composition with famous maestros John Field and Karl Zeiner, who taught in St. Petersburg in those years. Glinka wrote his first musical composition at the age of 13.

After finishing the boarding school, the young man receives a position as an official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His service leaves him a lot of free time, and the aspiring composer actively participates in musical life cities.

By this time he had already gained his first fame. Glinka writes a lot, especially romances(this is the name of songs with gentle, lyrical poems).

At the age of 26, M.I. Glinka went to big Adventure in Europe. He
meets famous composers everywhere, attends classes at conservatories, listens to the best singers.

Mikhail Glinka is rightfully considered the founder of Russian opera.

At the same time, Mikhail comes to understand that his place is in his homeland, that it is for his people that he must create.

Creativity flourishes

On his journey, Glinka experienced great love. And although it did not end with marriage, it became an impetus for creativity.

In 1836, the young composer’s opera “Life for the Tsar” appeared. Its original name was “Ivan Susanin” in honor of the peasant who, during the Russian-Polish War of 1612, led an enemy detachment into an impassable swamp.

The opera was a huge success. Tsar Nicholas I received it with delight and presented the composer with an expensive ring.

At the same time, the composer writes instrumental compositions for keyboards and wind instruments, as well as wonderful romances based on poems by Russian poets.

Soon work began on new opera“Ruslan and Lyudmila” based on the fairy tale by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. This work was shown in public in 1842 and was very disliked by music connoisseurs.

Modern production of the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.

Glinka was so upset by the criticism that he even left Russia. From now on until the end of his life, he will return to his homeland only for a short time.

Later years. Death

The last years of Mikhail Ivanovich’s life were spent in almost continuous travel. In the south of Europe, in France and Spain, he collects and processes folk melodies.

In Paris he meets famous composer Berlioz and writes works for symphony orchestra.

In Warsaw composes the musical play “Kamarinskaya”, where he combines Russian melodies folk songs- melodious wedding and fiery dance.

At work.

The composer's last city was Berlin, where he suddenly died of a cold in February 1857.

Facts from life

There are many autobiographical notes of the maestro, as well as messages about him from friends and contemporaries:

1. Glinka called himself a “mimosa” because of his grandmother’s overly caring upbringing.
2. In his youth the composer had beautiful voice, even Italian singers admired him.
3. The author found performers for the choir in his operas in different provinces of the Russian Empire.
4. Glinka had a special connection with Pushkin. They were friends during the poet's lifetime. Alexander Sergeevich wrote the poem “I Remember a Wonderful Moment” and dedicated it to Anna Kern. And Mikhail Ivanovich was in love with Katenka Kern, Anna’s daughter, and wrote a romance based on these poems.

Heritage. Meaning

Legacy of M.I. Glinka composes 2 operas, several symphonic works, compositions for piano and strings, romances and songs, church themes. Pieces for one instrument were sometimes remade for an orchestra (for example, the famous Waltz-Fantasy).

Composer became the founder of the Russian movement in classical music. His melodies were based on folk traditions, and the themes of most musical compositions were inspired by events in Russian history.

It was with the recognition of Glinka’s work that our culture began to occupy an increasingly prominent place in the world.

Three conservatories are named after the composer. Monuments were erected to him in Smolensk, St. Petersburg, and Kyiv. The estate where he was born has been turned into a house museum.

Monument to M.I. Glinka in St. Petersburg.

“Patriotic Song” by M. I. Glinka sounded like the official anthem of Russia in 1991 - 2000.

Glinka's biography is rich interesting facts and events. The enormous legacy left by Mikhail Ivanovich includes romances, works for children, songs and compositions, and symphonic fantasies. Main job The composer's opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila", which became famous throughout the world. Music critics Glinka is called the Pushkin of music. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, whose biography is replete with extraordinary facts, wrote the first Russian opera based on historical events. In this article we will trace life path great composer. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich, whose short biography is full of unpredictable turns, has been in love with music since childhood.

Origin

The composer was born on his father's estate on May 20 (June 1, old style) 1804. Glinka's first home was the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. Mikhail Glinka's father was a retired captain - Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. Their family descended from the gentry. The composer's mother is Evgenia Andreevna. Immediately after the birth of the boy, his grandmother, Fyokla Alexandrovna, took him. She worked so hard to raise the boy that already in childhood he became painfully touchy. By the age of six, Misha was completely removed from society, even from his own parents. In 1810, the grandmother dies, and the boy is returned to be raised by his family.

Education

Mikhail Glinka, whose short biography is incredibly interesting, with early age was convinced that he would devote his life to music. The fate of the musician has been known since childhood. While still a small child, he studied violin and piano. The boy was taught all this by governess Varvara Klammer from St. Petersburg. After Mikhail learned the first basics of art, he was sent to be raised in the St. Petersburg boarding school, which is located at the Pedagogical Institute. Wilhelm Kuchelbecker becomes his first tutor. Glinka takes lessons from great music teachers, including John Field and Karl Zeiner. It is here that the future composer meets Alexander Pushkin. Strong friendships are established between them, which last until the death of the great poet.

Creativity flourishes

Glinka, whose biography is full of many events, was passionate about music from early years By the age of ten, he was already skilled with the piano and violin. Music for Mikhail Glinka has been a calling from an early age. After graduating from the Noble Boarding School, he gives performances in salons and is actively engaged in self-education, studying the history and features of Western European music. At the same time, the composer composed his first successful works for piano and harp. He writes romances, rondos for orchestras, as well as string septets and orchestral overtures. The circle of his acquaintances is replenished by Zhukovsky, Griboyedov, Mitskevich, Odoevsky and Delvig. Glinka's biography is interesting not only to his admirers, but also to everyone who is interested in music.

Mikhail Ivanovich spends several years in the Caucasus. But already in 1824, the young composer received a job as an assistant secretary at the Main Directorate of Communications. However, despite his busy schedule, already in the late twenties, together with Pavlishchev, he published the “Lyrical Album”. It includes own compositions Mikhail Ivanovich. As you can see, Glinka’s biography is interesting unusual events and unexpected turns.

Begins in 1830 new period, which is characterized as Italian. Before it begins, Glinka makes a summer trip to German cities, and then stops in Milan. At that time, this city was the central point musical culture worldwide. It is here that Mikhail Glinka meets Donizetti and Bellini. He does research and studies Bel Canto in detail, after which he composes works in the Italian spirit.

And a few years later, in 1833, the composer settled in Germany. Studying with Siegrifid Dehn, he hones and polishes his musical talent. However, the news of his father's death in 1834 forces the composer to return to Russia. Glinka, whose short biography is interesting not only to residents Russian Federation, but also to Europeans, gave the world two great operas.

"Life for the Tsar"

His dreams are directed towards creating a Russian national opera. Working hard, he chooses as central figure Ivan Susanin and his feat. The author devotes three whole years of his life to his work and in 1836 finishes the grandiose opera, which was called “A Life for the Tsar.” The first performance took place on stage Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg and was received by society with great enthusiasm. After the stunning success of Mikhail Glinka, he was appointed to the position of conductor of the Court Chapel. The composer devoted the year 1838 to rest and travel around Ukraine.

1842 is the year the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” was released. The work is received ambiguously by the public and is hotly debated.

Life abroad

Mikhail Glinka, whose biography is rich in facts and events, devoted many years to the study of cultures of different European peoples. The year 1844 for the great composer was marked by a new trip abroad. This time his path lies to France. Here his works are performed by the great Berlioz. In Paris in 1845, Mikhail Ivanovich gives a huge a charity concert, after which he goes to sunny Spain. Studying the local culture, he composes several symphonic overtures on Spanish folk themes, and the overture “ Aragonese jota».

In 1827, the composer again came to his native Russia, and then immediately went to Warsaw. It was here that he composed the famous “Kamarinskaya”. She became the newest look symphonic music that combines a variety of rhythms, moods and characters. 1848 is the year when “Night in Madrid” was created.

Composer's influence

In 1851, Glinka returned to St. Petersburg again. Here he finds time to give lessons to the new generation and write opera parts. Thanks to his influence, a Russian vocal school is even being created in this city. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich, whose short biography is interesting for its unpredictability, is the founder of many musical trends.

Just a year later, the composer resumes traveling around Europe. Heading to Spain, he stayed in Paris for two years. He devotes all his time to the Taras Bulba symphony, but it remains unfinished.

In 1854, the composer returned to his homeland, where he wrote memoirs and his “Notes”. However, he is not long enough, and he again sets off for Europe, this time heading for Berlin. Glinka, whose biography begins in Russia, managed to visit many European cities, creating his brilliant works there.

Family life

In 1835, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka married his distant relative Maria Petrovna Ivanova. However, their marriage did not work out and they soon separated.

Three years after the first marriage and unsuccessful union, Glinka meets Ekaterina Kern. They were dedicated to her best works composer. Glinka loved this woman until the end of his days.

Death of the composer

His biography is of great interest. Glinka M.I. is a great composer and a true patriot.

In February 1857, while staying in Berlin, Mikhail Glinka died. On February 15, when he passed away, he was buried first in the Lutheran cemetery. However, a couple of months later, his ashes were transported to Russia and reburied at the Tikhvin Cemetery in the city of St. Petersburg.

Main achievements

• Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, whose biography allows us to consider him national treasure, during his life he managed to create a lot of beautiful things, influencing many of his followers-composers.
• He founded the Russian national school of composition.
• Glinka's works influence the development of Russian and world music. In particular, Dargomyzhsky and Tchaikovsky developed his original ideas in their musical compositions.
• Glinka created the first Russian national opera, entitled “A Life for the Tsar,” which is based on a historical plot.
• Thanks to the influence of the composer, a Russian vocal school was formed in St. Petersburg.

Glinka's biography is of interest to adults and children.

• Not many people know that Fyokla Alexandrovna, Mikhail Glinka’s grandmother, his father’s mother, took the boy to be raised for a reason. A year before Misha was born, the family had a son who died in infancy. The grandmother blamed the mother for this, and therefore, with the appearance of Misha, she took the child to her place. She possessed unbridled autocracy, and therefore no one dared to object to her - not her daughter-in-law, not even her own son.
• Mikhail Ivanovich's first wife, Maria Petrovna, was uneducated. She also knew nothing about music and didn't even know who Beethoven was. Perhaps this was the reason that their marriage was unsuccessful and so fleeting.
• Glinka created patriotic music that was the anthem of the Russian Federation for almost ten years - from 1991 to 2000.

• During the transportation of the composer's ashes from Germany to Russia, the box in which the coffin was packed was written: in capital letters: "PORCELAIN".
• During his life, Mikhail Ivanovich created about twenty songs and romances, six symphonic works, two great operas, as well as several chamber instrumental works.
• Glinka, whose brief biography is studied in Russian and European schools, devoted his life to music.
• In the composer’s native estate, in the village of Novospasskoye, a Mikhail Glinka Museum was created.
• There are three monuments to the composer in total in the world: in Kyiv, Berlin and Bologna.
• After Glinka’s death, the State Academic Chapel in St. Petersburg was named in his honor.

From all the facts and events we described, his biography is formed. Glinka M.I. made a huge contribution to Russian culture, many European composers were guided by it.

Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich

(1804-1857), composer, founder of Russian classical music. The operas “Life for the Tsar” (“Ivan Susanin”, 1836) and “Ruslan and Lyudmila” (1842) laid the foundation for two directions of Russian opera - folk musical drama and fairy tale opera, epic opera. Symphonic works, including Kamarinskaya (1848), Spanish Overtures (Aragonese Jota, 1845, and Night in Madrid, 1851), laid the foundations of Russian symphonism. Classic of Russian romance (about 80). Glinka's "Patriotic Song" became musical basis State anthem of the Russian Federation. The Glinka Prizes were established (by M. P. Belyaev; 1884-1917), the State Prize of the RSFSR named after Glinka (in 1965-90); A vocal competition named after Glinka has been held (since 1960).

GLINKA Mikhail Ivanovich, Russian composer, founder of Russian classical music. Author of the operas “Life for the Tsar” (“Ivan Susanin”, 1836) and “Ruslan and Lyudmila” (1842), which laid the foundation for two directions of Russian opera - folk musical drama and fairy tale opera, epic opera. Symphonic works: “Kamarinskaya” (1848), “Spanish Overtures” (“Aragonese Jota”, 1845, and “Night in Madrid”, 1851), laid the foundations of Russian symphonism. A classic of Russian romance. Glinka’s “Patriotic Song” became the musical basis for the national anthem of the Russian Federation (1991-2000). The Glinka Prizes were established (by M. P. Belyaev; 1884-1917), the State Prize of the RSFSR named after Glinka (in 1965-90); A vocal competition named after Glinka has been held (since 1960).
Childhood. Study at the Noble boarding school (1818-1822)
Glinka was born into the family of Smolensk landowners I.N. and E.A. Glinka (who were second cousins). Elementary education received at home. Listening to the singing of serfs and the ringing of the bells of the local church, he early showed a craving for music. He became interested in playing the orchestra of serf musicians on the estate of his uncle, Afanasy Andreevich Glinka. Music classes - playing the violin and piano - began quite late (1815-1816) and were of an amateur nature. However, music had such an effect on him strong influence
, that once, in response to a remark about absent-mindedness, he remarked: “What should I do?... Music is my soul!” (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker cm. KUCHELBECKER Wilhelm Karlovich) (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker, who taught Russian literature at the boarding school. In parallel with his studies, Glinka took piano lessons (first from the English composer John Field FIELD John)
, and after his departure to Moscow - with his students Oman, Zeiner and Sh. Mayr - a fairly famous musician). He graduated from the boarding school in 1822 as the second student. On the day of graduation, he successfully played Hummel's piano concerto in public.
Start of independent life After graduating from boarding school, Glinka did not immediately enter the service. In 1823, he went to the Caucasian mineral waters for treatment, then went to Novospasskoye, where sometimes “he himself led his uncle’s orchestra, playing the violin,” and then he began to compose. In 1824 he was enlisted as assistant secretary of the Main Directorate of Railways (he resigned in June 1828). Romances occupied the main place in his work. Among the works of that time is “The Poor Singer” based on poems by V. A. Zhukovsky (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker ZHUKOVSKY Vasily Andreevich)(1826), “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me” based on poems by A. S. Pushkin (1828). One of the best romances early period- elegy to the poems of E. A. Baratynsky (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker BARATYNSKY Evgeniy Abramovich)“Do not tempt me unnecessarily” (1825). In 1829, Glinka and N. Pavlishchev published the “Lyrical Album,” where among the works of various authors there were also Glinka’s plays.
First trip abroad (1830-1834)
In the spring of 1830, Glinka went on a long trip abroad, the purpose of which was both treatment (on the waters of Germany and in the warm climate of Italy) and acquaintance with Western European art. After spending several months in Aachen and Frankfurt, he arrived in Milan, where he studied composition and vocals, visited theaters, and made trips to other Italian cities. In Italy, the composer met V. Bellini (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker BELLINI Vincenzo), F. Mendelssohn (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker MENDELSON Felix) and G. Berlioz (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker BERLIOZ Hector). Among the composer's experiments of those years (chamber instrumental works, romances), the romance “Venice Night” based on the poems of I. Kozlov stands out. Glinka spent the winter and spring of 1834 in Berlin, devoting himself to serious studies in music theory and composition under the guidance of the famous scientist Siegfried Dehn. It was then that he conceived the idea of ​​creating a national Russian opera.
Stay in Russia (1834-1842)
Returning to Russia, Glinka settled in St. Petersburg. While attending evenings with the poet Zhukovsky, he met Gogol, P. A. Vyazemsky (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker VYAZEMSKY Petr Andreevich), V. F. Odoevsky (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker ODOEVSKY Vladimir Fedorovich) etc. The composer was carried away by the idea submitted by Zhukovsky to write an opera based on the plot of Ivan Susanin (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker SUSANIN Ivan Osipovich), whom he learned about in his youth after reading “Duma” by K. F. Ryleev (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker RYLEEV Kondraty Fedorovich). The premiere of the work, called “Life for the Tsar” at the insistence of the theater management, on January 27, 1836, became the birthday of the Russian heroic-patriotic opera. The performance was a great success and was attended by royal family, and among Glinka’s many friends in the hall was Pushkin. Soon after the premiere, Glinka was appointed head of the Court Singing Chapel.
In 1835 Glinka married M. P. Ivanova. This marriage turned out to be extremely unsuccessful and darkened the composer’s life for many years. Glinka spent the spring and summer of 1838 in Ukraine, selecting singers for the chapel. Among the newcomers was S.S. Gulak-Artemovsky (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker GULAK-ARTEMOVSKY Semyon Stepanovich)- subsequently not only famous singer, but also a composer, author of the popular Ukrainian opera “Cossack beyond the Danube”. Upon his return to St. Petersburg, Glinka often visited the house of the brothers Platon and Nestor Kukolnikov. (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker Puppeteer Nestor Vasilievich), where the circle gathered, consisting for the most part from people of art. I.K. Aivazovsky was there (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker AIVAZOVSKY Ivan Konstantinovich) and K. P. Bryullov (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker BRYULLOV Karl Pavlovich), who left many wonderful caricatures of members of the circle, including Glinka. Based on the poems of N. Kukolnik, Glinka wrote a cycle of romances “Farewell to Petersburg” (1840). Subsequently, he moved into the brothers' house due to the unbearable atmosphere at home.
Back in 1837, Glinka had conversations with Pushkin about creating an opera based on the plot of “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” In 1838, work began on the composition, which premiered on November 27, 1842 in St. Petersburg. Despite the fact that the royal family left the box before the end of the performance, leading cultural figures greeted the work with delight (although there was no unanimity of opinion this time - due to deep innovative dramaturgy). Franz Liszt attended one of the performances of “Ruslan” (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker LIST Ferenc), who extremely highly appreciated not only this opera by Glinka, but also his role in Russian music in general.
In 1838, Glinka met Ekaterina Kern, the daughter of the heroine of Pushkin’s famous poem, and dedicated his most inspired works to her: “Waltz-Fantasy” (1839) and a wonderful romance based on Pushkin’s poems “I Remember a Wonderful Moment” (1840).
New wanderings (1844-1847)
In the spring of 1844, Glinka set off on a new trip abroad. After staying several days in Berlin, he stopped in Paris, where he met Berlioz, who included in his concert program several works by Glinka. The success that befell them gave the composer the idea of ​​giving a charity concert in Paris from his own works, which was carried out on April 10, 1845. The concert was highly praised by the press.
In May 1845, Glinka went to Spain, where he stayed until mid-1847. Spanish impressions formed the basis of two brilliant orchestral plays: “Aragonese Jota” (1845) and “Memories of a Summer Night in Madrid” (1848, 2nd edition - 1851) . In 1848, the composer spent several months in Warsaw, where he wrote “Kamarinskaya” - a composition about which P. I. Tchaikovsky (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker TCHAIKOVSKY Petr Ilyich) noted that it, “like an oak in an acorn, contains all Russian symphonic music.”
Last decade
Glinka spent the winter of 1851-1852 in St. Petersburg, where he became close to a group of young cultural figures, and in 1855 he met M. A. Balakirev (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker BALAKIREV Mily Alekseevich), who later became the head of the “New Russian School” (or “ Mighty bunch (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker MIGHTY BUBBLE)"), creatively developing the traditions laid down by Glinka.
In 1852, the composer again went to Paris for several months, from 1856 he lived in Berlin, where he died in February 1857 and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery. In May of the same year, his ashes were transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Glinka and Pushkin. The meaning of Glinka
“In many respects, Glinka has the same significance in Russian music as Pushkin in Russian poetry. Both are great talents, both are the founders of the new Russian artistic creativity, both created a new Russian language - one in poetry, the other in music,” wrote famous critic V. V. Stasov (In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg (in 1819 renamed the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University), where he studied with Pushkin’s younger brother Lev, and then he met the poet himself, who “came to visit us in boarding house for his brother." Glinka's tutor was V. Kuchelbecker STASOV Vladimir Vasilievich).
In Glinka’s work, two most important directions of Russian opera were defined: folk musical drama and fairy tale opera; he laid the foundations of Russian symphonism and became the first classic of Russian romance. All subsequent generations of Russian musicians considered him their teacher, and for many, the impetus for choosing musical career became an acquaintance with the works of the great master, the deeply moral content of which is combined with a perfect form.

encyclopedic Dictionary . 2009 .

See what “Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich” is in other dictionaries:

The creator of Russian national opera and the founder of Russian artistic music school. G. belonged to the noble family of Glinka, Smolensk province, which originated from Poland (the town of Glinka, Lomzhinsk province, Makovsky district) and... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich genius composer, founder of the national Russian music school, was born on May 20, 1804 in the village. Novospassky (near the city of Yelnya, Smolensk province), father’s estate. As soon as the child was taken away from his mother, she took him into her own hands... ... Biographical Dictionary

Russian composer. The founder of Russian classical music. Born into a landowner family. From 1817 he lived in St. Petersburg. Studied at the Noble boarding school... ... Big Soviet encyclopedia

- (1804 57), Russian. composer. L. turned to lyrics twice. The composer and L. could have known each other personally, meeting in Mich’s house. Yu. Vielgorsky and A. S. Stuneev. G. composed a romance based on L.’s poems “Can I Hear Your Voice” in Warsaw in June 1848, based on... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- (1804 57) Russian composer, founder of Russian classical music. The operas Life for the Tsar (Ivan Susanin, 1836) and Ruslan and Lyudmila (1842) laid the foundation for two directions of Russian opera: folk musical drama and fairy tale opera, opera... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1804 1857), composer. In 1818, 22 was brought up in the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute, where he communicated with V.K. Kuchelbecker (his teacher), progressively thinking teachers and scientists. In the 20s was famous... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

This term has other meanings, see Glinka. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka ... Wikipedia

Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich- Monument to M.I. Glinka. Monument to M. I. Glinka. Saint Petersburg. Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich (18041857), composer. In 181822 he was brought up in the Noble boarding school at the Main Pedagogical Institute, where he communicated with V.K. Kuchelbecker (his... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

The most famous Russian. composer, born May 20, 1804, in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province, d. on the night of February 2 to 3, in 1857, in Berlin, he was buried in St. Petersburg in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. G. spent his childhood almost constantly in the village... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka is a composer whose works had a strong influence on the formation of subsequent generations of musicians. The ideas of his works were developed in their work by A. S. Dargomyzhsky, members of the “Mighty Handful,” and P. I. Tchaikovsky.

Mikhail Glinka. Brief biography: childhood years

Mikhail was born in June 1804 in the distant village of Novospasskoye, which belonged to his parents and was located 100 versts from Smolensk, and 20 from the small town of Yelnya. They began to systematically teach the boy both music and general disciplines quite late. The first to work with him was the governess V.F. Klamer, invited from St. Petersburg.

M. Brief biography: first experiments in writing

In 1822, just after completing his studies at the boarding school, Mikhail wrote several variations for harp and piano on the theme of one of the fashionable operas of the time. They became Glinka's first experience in composing music. From that moment on, he continued to improve and soon wrote a lot and in the most various genres. Dissatisfaction with his work, despite recognition, leads him to search for new forms, to get acquainted with creative people. Neither social parties nor deteriorating health could hinder him in composing music. This became his deep inner need.

M. I. Glinka. Brief biography: travel abroad

Several reasons prompted him to think about traveling abroad. This is, firstly, an opportunity to gain new impressions, knowledge, and experience. He also hoped that the new climate would help him improve his health. In 1830 he went to Italy, but along the way he stopped in Germany and spent the summer there. Glinka then settled in Milan. In 1830-1831, the composer composed especially a lot, new works appeared. In 1833, Glinka went to Berlin. Along the way, he stopped briefly in Vienna. In Berlin, the composer intended to put his theoretical knowledge in music. He studied under the guidance of Z. Den.

M. I. Glinka. Brief biography: homecoming

Glinka was forced to interrupt his studies in Berlin by the news of his father’s death. When Mikhail Ivanovich arrived in St. Petersburg, he began to often visit Zhukovsky. Writers and musicians gathered at the poet’s place every week. At one of the meetings, Glinka shared with Zhukovsky his desire to write a Russian opera for the first time. He approved of the composer's intentions and suggested taking the plot of Ivan Susanin. In 1835, Glinka married M.P. Ivanova.

Happiness not only did not become an obstacle to creativity, but, on the contrary, spurred the composer’s activity. He wrote the opera “Ivan Susanin” (“Life for the Tsar”) quite quickly. In the autumn of 1836 its premiere had already taken place. She was a huge success with the public and even with the emperor.

M. I. Glinka. Brief biography: new works

Even during Pushkin’s lifetime, the composer had the idea to write an opera based on the plot of his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” It was ready in 1842. Soon the production took place, but the opera was less successful than “A Life for the Tsar.” It was not easy for the composer to survive criticism. Two years later he went on a trip to France and Spain. New impressions returned creative inspiration to the composer. In 1845, he created the Aragonese Jota overture, which was a great success. Three years later, “Night in Madrid” appeared.

In a foreign land, the composer increasingly turned to Russian songs. On their basis, he wrote “Kamarinskaya,” which laid the foundation for the development of a new type.

Mikhail Glinka. Biography: recent years

Mikhail Ivanovich lived either abroad (Warsaw, Berlin, Paris) or in St. Petersburg. Creative plans the composer still had plenty. But he was hampered by hostility and persecution, and had to burn several scores. Before last days L.I. Shestakova remained next to him, his younger sister. Glinka died in Berlin in February 1857. The composer's ashes were transported and buried in St. Petersburg.

The Russian composer Glinka left a significant mark on world music and stood at the origins of a unique Russian school of composition. His life included a lot: creativity, travel, joys and difficulties, but his main asset was music.

Family and childhood

The future outstanding composer Glinka was born on May 20, 1804 in the Smolensk province, in the village of Novospasskoye. His father, a retired captain, had enough wealth to live comfortably. Glinka's great-grandfather was Pole by origin; in 1654, when the Smolensk lands passed to Russia, he received Russian citizenship, converted to Orthodoxy and lived the life of a Russian landowner. The child was immediately given to the care of his grandmother, who raised her grandson in the traditions of that time: she kept him in stuffy rooms, did not develop him physically, and fed him sweets. All this had a bad effect on Mikhail's health. He grew up sickly, capricious and pampered, and later called himself “mimosa.”

Glinka almost spontaneously learned to read after the priest showed him the letters. From an early age, he showed musicality; he himself learned to imitate the ringing of bells on copper basins and sing along to his nanny’s songs. Only at the age of six does he return to his parents, and they begin to raise and educate him. They invite him to a governess who, in addition to general education subjects, taught him to play the piano; later he also masters the violin. At this time, the boy reads a lot, is interested in books about travel, this passion will later turn into a love of changing places, which will possess Glinka all his life. He also draws a little, but music has a main place in his heart. A boy in a serf orchestra learns many works of that time and gets acquainted with musical instruments.

Years of study

Mikhail Glinka did not live in the village for long. When he was 13 years old, his parents took him to the Noble boarding school, which had recently opened in St. Petersburg at the Pedagogical Institute. The boy was not very interested in studying, since he had already mastered most of the program at home. His tutor was the former Decembrist V.K. Kuchelbecker, and his classmate was the brother of A.S. Pushkin, with whom Mikhail first met at this time, and later became friends.

During his boarding years, he became friends with princes Golitsyn, S. Sobolevsky, A. Rimsky-Korsakov, N. Melgunov. During this period, he significantly expanded his musical horizons, became acquainted with opera, attended numerous concerts, and also studied with famous musicians of that time - Bem and Field. He improves his pianistic technique and receives his first lessons as a composer.

The famous pianist S. Mayer studied with Mikhail in the 20s, teaching him the work of a composer, correcting his first opuses, and giving him the basics of working with an orchestra. On graduation party boarding house Glinka, together with Mayer, played a concerto by Hummel, publicly demonstrating his skills. Composer Mikhail Glinka graduated from the boarding school second in academic performance in 1822, but did not feel the desire to study further.

First writing experiences

After graduating from boarding school, the composer Glinka was in no hurry to look for service, fortunately financial situation this allowed him. The father did not rush his son to choose a job, but did not think that he would study music all his life. The composer Glinka, for whom music becomes the main thing in life, got the opportunity to go to the waters of the Caucasus to improve his health and abroad. He does not give up his music studies, studies Western European heritage and composes new motives; this becomes a constant internal need for him.

In the 20s, Glinka wrote the famous romances “Don’t tempt me unnecessarily” based on the poems of Baratynsky, “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me” based on the text by A. Pushkin. His instrumental works also appear: adagio and rondo for orchestra, string septet.

Living in the light

In 1824, the composer M.I. Glinka entered the service and became an assistant secretary in the Office of Railways. But the service did not go well, and in 1828 he resigned. At this time, Glinka is growing big amount acquaintances, communicates with A. Griboyedov, A. Mitskevich, A. Delvig, V. Odoevsky, V. Zhukovsky. He continues to study music, participates in musical evenings at Demidov’s house, writes many songs and romances, and publishes, together with Pavlishchev, the “Lyrical Album”, which collected works by various authors, including himself.

Overseas experience

Travel was a very important part of Mikhail Glinka's life. He makes his first big voyage abroad after leaving the boarding house.

In 1830, Glinka went on a long journey to Italy, which lasted for 4 years. The purpose of the trip was treatment, but it did not bring the desired result, and the musician did not take it seriously, constantly interrupting therapy courses, changing doctors and cities. In Italy he met K. Bryullov and the outstanding composers of that time: Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Bellini, Donizetti. Impressed by these meetings, Glinka writes chamber works on the themes foreign composers. He studies abroad a lot with the best teachers, improves his performing technique, and studies music theory. He is looking for his strong theme in art, and for him this becomes homesickness, which pushes him to write serious works. Glinka creates the “Russian Symphony” and writes variations on Russian songs, which will later be included in other major works.

A great composer's work: operas by M. Glinka

In 1834, Mikhail's father died, he gained financial independence and began writing an opera. While still abroad, Glinka realized that his task was to write in Russian, this became the impetus for the creation of an opera based on national material. At this time he enters literary circles St. Petersburg, where Aksakov, Zhukovsky, Shevyrev, Pogodin visited. Everyone is discussing the Russian opera written by Verstovsky, this example inspires Glinka, and he begins to sketch for an opera based on Zhukovsky’s short story “Maryina Roshcha.” The plan was not destined to be realized, but this became the beginning of work on the opera “Life for the Tsar” based on the plot suggested by Zhukovsky, based on the legend of Ivan Susanin. Great composer Glinka entered the history of music precisely as the author of this composition. In it he laid the foundations of the Russian opera school.

The opera premiered on November 27, 1836, and was a tremendous success. Both the public and critics received the work extremely favorably. After this, Glinka is appointed conductor of the Court Choir and becomes a professional musician. Success inspired the composer, and he began work on a new opera based on Pushkin’s poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” He wanted a poet to write the libretto, but his untimely death prevented the implementation of these plans. In his composition, Glinka demonstrates mature compositional talent and the highest technique. But “Ruslan and Lyudmila” was received more coolly than the first opera. This upset Glinka very much, and he again got ready to go abroad. Opera heritage The composer's work is small, but it had a decisive influence on the development of the national school of composition, and to this day these works are a striking example of Russian music.

Glinka's symphonic music

Development national theme is also reflected in the author’s symphonic music. Composer Glinka creates a large number of works of an experimental nature, he is obsessed with searching new form. In his compositions, our hero shows himself as a romantic and melodist. The works of the composer Glinka develop such genres in Russian music as folk genre, lyric-epic, dramatic. His most significant works are the overtures “Night in Madrid” and “Aragonese Jota”, and the symphonic fantasy “Kamarinskaya”.

Songs and romances

A portrait of Glinka (composer) would be incomplete without mentioning his songwriting. All his life he wrote romances and songs, which gained incredible popularity during the author’s lifetime. In total they wrote about 60 vocal works, of which the most notable are: “I remember wonderful moment", "Confession", "A Passing Song" and many others, which are still part of the classical repertoire of vocalists today.

Private life

In his personal life, composer Glinka was not lucky. He married a sweet girl, Marya Petrovna Ivanova, in 1835, hoping to find a like-minded person in her and loving heart. But very quickly a lot of disagreements appeared between husband and wife. She led a stormy social life, spent a lot of money, so even the income from the estate and payment for Glinka’s musical works was not enough for her. He was forced to take on students. The final break occurs when, in the 1840s, Glinka becomes interested in Katya Kern, the daughter of Pushkin's muse. He files for divorce, at which time it turns out that his wife secretly got married to the cornet Vasilchikov. But the separation drags on for 5 years. During this time, Glinka had to go through a real drama: Kern became pregnant, demanded drastic measures from him, he subsidized her delivery of the child. Gradually, the heat of the relationship faded, and when the divorce was obtained in 1846, Glinka no longer had the desire to marry. He spent the rest of his life alone, addicted to friendly parties and orgies, which had a detrimental effect on his already poor health. On February 15, 1857, Glinka died in Berlin. Later, at the request of his sister, the ashes of the deceased were transported to Russia and buried at the Tikhvin cemetery in St. Petersburg.