Meaning “house of charity.” Modern problems of science and education House of charity for neighbors

What is a "House of Charity"? How to spell this word correctly. Concept and interpretation.

house of charity This name is given mainly to such charitable institutions that have the character of an almshouse (see), but this character is not always maintained in them; In many charity houses, not only self-sufficient pensioners are accepted, but children are also cared for together with the elderly and crippled: charity houses for orphans should be entirely classified as orphanages, children's homes exclusively for poor young people should be classified as orphanages, and charity houses for the mentally ill should be classified as orphanages. D. insane. Like almshouses, almshouses are class and all-class. The most significant of the D.P.: in St. Petersburg: 1) The D.P. of poor girls of noble rank, founded in 1853, is like a branch of the widow's D. (see); Mostly girls who served in government institutions in educational matters are accepted. 2) Nikolaevsky D.P. elderly and crippled citizens, fundamentals. in 1831 for the poor of both sexes, merchant and bourgeois classes. At D. there are schools for boys and girls. 3) D. L. elderly and crippled citizens of the St. Petersburg petty bourgeois society, fundamentals. in 1863, appointed for free charity of those unable to work from the local burghers of the region. floor. 4) D. charity for poor citizens of St. Petersburg Timenkova-Frolov, fundamentals. in 1877, supported by funds bequeathed by the donor, is in charge of St. Petersburg. merchant society and splits into two branches: a) on D. for free charity for the elderly and disabled belonging to St. Petersburg. merchant or petty bourgeois societies and b) to a school at D. charity, the course of which is suitable for the course of 3-year city schools. 5) Aleksandrovsky D. for the charity of the poor of the clergy - under the patronage of St. Petersburg. Metropolitan. The village accepts female persons who, due to poverty, orphanhood, or illness, are deprived of the opportunity to live independently. Under D., there was a three-year school with a 6-year course for girls orphans of clergy rank. 6) D. charity for the poor of the clergy under Bolsheokhtensky Orthodox cemetery. 7) D. Empress Alexandra Feodorovna for charity of the poor, foundations. in 1828, is in the department of Empress Maria. D. has honorary benefactors who contribute at least 300 rubles annually. or who contributed at least 5,000 rubles at a time. 8) D. charity for elderly poor women of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, foundation. in 1861, is under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Humane Society and is supported by donations from the heirs of gr. Kusheleva-Bezborodko and benefits from a humane society. 9) The Demidovsky Children's Charity House, part of the department of Empress Maria, was opened in 1833 with a capital of 500,000 rubles, donated by Anatoly Nikolaevich Demidov, now operating on the basis of the charter of July 8, 1882, least of all has the character of an almshouse. Combining the features of D. hard work and cheap apartments, it consists of 4 departments: a) the department of working women for the residence of 50 women and girls who can perform work in those crafts and handicrafts that are introduced in the institution; 25 kopecks are withheld from the earnings of those in need. per day for their maintenance; b) a department for the education of girls - a vocational school aimed at providing poor girls of all classes with a craft education; pupils undergo a scientific course within the scope of the women's program. pro-gymnasiums and then in a special class they learn various skills; c) the department for supplying the poor with ready-made food - a cheap canteen in which free food is provided only to the sick, d) a department for the shelter of matrons and teachers, intended for the care of wives. gender, who were in the service in Demidovsky D. and, due to old age and weakness, were deprived of the opportunity to feed themselves by their own labor. Management of the Demidovsky D. charity for workers, together with the title of its hereditary trustee, belongs to the heirs of the founder. Under Demidovsky D., the workers' charity consists of full and honorary members.

house of charity- This name is given mainly to such charitable institutions that have the character of an almshouse (see), but this character is not always maintained in them; In many charity houses, not only self-sufficient pensioners are accepted, but children are also cared for together with the elderly and crippled: charity houses for orphans should be entirely classified as orphanages, children's homes exclusively for poor young people should be classified as orphanages, and charity houses for the mentally ill should be classified as orphanages. D. insane. Like almshouses, almshouses are class and all-class. The most significant of D.P.: in St. Petersburg: 1) D.P. poor maidens of noble rank, founded in 1853, it is, as it were, a branch of the widow's house (see); Mostly girls who served in government institutions in educational matters are accepted. 2) Nikolaevsky D. P. elderly and crippled citizens, basics in 1831 for the poor of both sexes, merchant and bourgeois classes. At D. there are schools for boys and girls. 3) D. L. elderly and crippled citizens of the St. Petersburg petty bourgeois society, basics in 1863, appointed for free charity of those unable to work from the local burghers of the region. floor. 4) D. charity for poor citizens of St. Petersburg Timenkova-Frolova, basics in 1877, supported by funds bequeathed by the donor, is in charge of St. Petersburg. merchant society and splits into two branches: a) on D. for free charity for the elderly and disabled belonging to St. Petersburg. merchant or petty bourgeois societies and b) to a school at D. charity, the course of which is suitable for the course of 3-year city schools. 5) Aleksandrovsky D. for the charity of the poor clergy- under the patronage of St. Petersburg. Metropolitan. The village accepts female persons who, due to poverty, orphanhood, or illness, are deprived of the opportunity to live independently. Under D., there was a three-year school with a 6-year course for orphan girls of clergy rank. 6) D. charity for the poor of the clergy at the Bolsheokhtensky Orthodox cemetery. 7) D. Empress Alexandra Feodorovna for charity of the poor, basics in 1828, is in the department of Empress Maria. D. has honorary benefactors who contribute at least 300 rubles annually. or who contributed at least 5,000 rubles at a time. 8) D. charity for elderly poor women of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, basics in 1861, is under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Humane Society and is supported by donations from the heirs of gr. Kusheleva-Bezborodko and benefits from a humane society. 9) In the department of Empress Maria Demidovsky D. the charity of the workers, opened in 1833 with a capital of 500,000 rubles, donated by Anatoly Nikolaevich Demidov, now operating on the basis of the charter on July 8, 1882, has the least character of an almshouse. Combining the features of D. hard work and cheap apartments, it consists of 4 departments: a) working women's department for the residence of 50 women and girls who can perform work in those crafts and handicrafts that are introduced in the institution; 25 kopecks are withheld from the earnings of those in need. per day for their maintenance; b) department for raising girls- a vocational school aimed at providing poor girls of all classes with a vocational education; pupils undergo a scientific course within the scope of the women's program. pro-gymnasiums and then in a special class they learn various skills; V) food supply department for the poor- a cheap canteen where food is provided free of charge only to the sick, d) department for the shelter of matrons and teachers, intended for the charity of women's faces. gender, who were in the service in Demidovsky D. and, due to old age and weakness, were deprived of the opportunity to feed themselves by their own labor. Management of the Demidovsky D. charity for workers, together with the title of its hereditary trustee, belongs to the heirs of the founder. Under Demidovsky D., the workers' charity consists of full and honorary members.

In Moscow, the city is in charge. total controls consist of: 1) D. Gorikhvostov charity at the 1st city hospital and 2) D. charity of Peter's brothers, Alexander and Vasily Bakhrushin for the terminally ill, established at the city hospital named after the Bakhrushins with capital donated by them. Run by Moscow nobility consists D. charity named after the guard Colonel Vladimir Borisovich Kozakov for poor nobles of both sexes, aiming to provide free charity to poor nobles of military rank, their wives and widows with young children, as well as widows and children of headquarters and chief officers who died from wounds. Run by Moscow The merchant society consists of: 1) Nikolaevsky D. charity for widows and orphans, belonging to Moscow. merchants, for poor women, 2) D. charity named after Mazurins and 3) House of charity for the poor by G. I. Khludov. The Moscow Trusteeship for the Poor Clergy is in charge of Gorikhvostovsky House of Charity. Is independent St. George's House of Charity for the Poor Clergy. The Society for the Care of the Terminally Ill in Moscow has Home for the terminally ill(women). The Society of Educators and Teachers established a charity for elderly teachers and educators. D. charity of the headquarters and chief officers of the philanthropist Sheremeteva there is a military almshouse (see Homes for the Invalids). Yaroslavsky Ekaterininsky D. charity established in Yaroslavl in 1786 with the purpose of educating the children of poor parents of the Yaroslavl province. In 1820, the Gryazevs' hospice ward was opened for the care of elderly and helpless women. The boys living in the charity school are educated at the local boys' gymnasium, etc. educational institutions, and the girls went to the girls’ gymnasium attached to D. D. charity for the poor in Tula aims to provide charity for the elderly and disabled; is a member of the department of institutions of the Empress Maria, but does not receive any benefits from the department’s funds, but is maintained exclusively at her own expense. D. charity for the poor in memory of the emperor. Alexander II in Oranienbaum, founded by V. A. Ratkov-Rozhnov, its goal is to provide charity for those deprived of shelter and food, both the elderly and wretched, and poor homeless children of both sexes. Under the authority of the Minister of the Imp. the yard consists of D. charity for the elderly and disabled in Peterhof in memory of the Emperor. Nicholas I, opened in 1859

D. I.

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CHARM HOUSE

This name is given mainly to such charitable institutions that have the character of an almshouse (see), but this character is not always maintained in them; In many children's homes, not only self-sufficient pensioners are accepted, but children are also cared for together with the elderly and disabled: orphanages should be entirely classified as orphanages, children's homes exclusively for poor children? to orphanages, D. charity for the mentally ill? to D. insane. Like almshouses, almshouses are class and all-class. The most significant of the D.P.: in St. Petersburg: 1) The D.P. of poor girls of noble rank, founded in 1853, is like a branch of the widow's D. (see); Mostly girls who served in government institutions in educational matters are accepted. 2) Nikolaevsky D.P. elderly and crippled citizens, fundamentals. in 1831 for the poor of both sexes, merchant and bourgeois classes. At D. there are schools for boys and girls. 3) D. L. elderly and crippled citizens of the St. Petersburg petty bourgeois society, fundamentals. in 1863, appointed for free charity of those unable to work from the local burghers of the region. floor. 4) D. charity for poor citizens of St. Petersburg Timenkova-Frolov, fundamentals. in 1877, supported by funds bequeathed by the donor, is in charge of St. Petersburg. merchant society and splits into two branches: a) on D. for free charity for the elderly and disabled belonging to St. Petersburg. merchant or petty bourgeois societies and b) to a school at D. charity, the course of which is suitable for the course of 3-year city schools. 5) Aleksandrovsky D. for the charity of the poor clergy? under the patronage of St. Petersburg. Metropolitan. The village accepts female persons who, due to poverty, orphanhood, or illness, are deprived of the opportunity to live independently. Under D., there was a three-year school with a 6-year course for orphan girls of clergy rank. 6) D. charity for the poor of the clergy at the Bolsheokhtensky Orthodox cemetery. 7) D. Empress Alexandra Feodorovna for charity of the poor, foundations. in 1828, is in the department of Empress Maria. D. has honorary benefactors who contribute at least 300 rubles annually. or who contributed at least 5,000 rubles at a time. 8) D. charity for elderly poor women of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, foundation. in 1861, is under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Humane Society and is supported by donations from the heirs of gr. Kusheleva-Bezborodko and benefits from a humane society. 9) Member of the department of Empress Maria Demidovsky D. workers' charity, opened in 1833 with a capital of 500,000 rubles, donated by Anatoly Nikolaevich Demidov, now operating on the basis of the charter of July 8, 1882, least of all has the character of an almshouse. Combining the features of D. hard work and cheap apartments, it consists of 4 departments: a) the department of working women for the residence of 50 women and girls who can perform work in those crafts and handicrafts that are introduced in the institution; 25 kopecks are withheld from the earnings of those in need. per day for their maintenance; b) a department for raising girls? a vocational school aimed at providing vocational education to poor girls of all classes; pupils undergo a scientific course within the scope of the women's program. pro-gymnasiums and then in a special class they learn various skills; c) department for supplying the poor with prepared food? a cheap canteen in which food is provided free of charge only to the sick; d) a section for the shelter of matrons and teachers, intended for the care of wives. gender, who were in the service in Demidovsky D. and, due to old age and weakness, were deprived of the opportunity to feed themselves by their own labor. Management of the Demidovsky D. charity for workers, together with the title of its hereditary trustee, belongs to the heirs of the founder. Under Demidovsky D., the workers' charity consists of full and honorary members.

In Moscow, the city is in charge. total The management consists of: 1) the Gorikhvostov charity at the 1st city hospital and 2) the charity of the brothers Peter, Alexander and Vasily Bakhrushin for the terminally ill, established at the city hospital named after the Bakhrushin with capital donated by them. Run by Moscow The nobility consists of a charity named after Guard Colonel Vladimir Borisovich Kozakov for poor nobles of both sexes, with the goal of providing free charity to poor nobles of military rank, their wives and widows with young children, as well as widows and children of headquarters and chief officers who died from wounds. Run by Moscow The merchant society consists of: 1) Nikolaevsky D. charity for widows and orphans who belonged to Moscow. merchants, for poor women, 2) House of charity named after the Mazurins and 3) House of charity for the poor by G.I. Khludov. The Moscow Trusteeship for the Poor Clergy is in charge of the Gorikhvostovsky House of Charity. The Georgievsky House of Charity for the Poor Clergy is independent. The Society for the Care of the Terminally Ill in Moscow has a House of Care for the Terminally Ill (women). The Society of Educators and Teachers established a charity for elderly teachers and educators. The charity of the headquarters and chief officers of the philanthropist Sheremeteva is a military almshouse (see Homes for the Invalid). Yaroslavl Catherine's Children's Charity School was established in Yaroslavl in 1786 for the purpose of educating the children of poor parents of the Yaroslavl province. In 1820, the Gryazevs' hospice ward was opened for the care of elderly and helpless women. The boys living in the charity's village study at the local boys' gymnasium and other educational institutions, but what about the girls? in the girls' gymnasium attached to D. D. charity for the poor in the city of Tula aims to provide charity for the elderly and disabled; is a member of the department of institutions of the Empress Maria, but does not receive any benefits from the department’s funds, but is maintained exclusively at her own expense. D. charity for the poor in memory of the emperor. Alexander II in Oranienbaum, established by V. A. Ratkov-Rozhnov, aims to provide charity for those deprived of shelter and food, both the elderly and wretched, as well as poor homeless children of both sexes. Under the authority of the Minister of the Imp. The courtyard consists of a charity for the elderly and disabled in the city of Peterhof in memory of the Emperor. Nicholas I, opened in 1859

Brockhaus and Efron. Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. 2012

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In 1830, the Merchant Society, with the assistance of the mayor N.I. Kusov and the military governor-general gr. P.K. Essen decided to build an almshouse for 200 people on the outskirts, by collecting “1% from merchant capital”.

The building was founded on June 21, 1831 by Bishop Nikanor of Revel. The project was drawn up by the architect A.F. Shchedrin (son famous sculptor F. F. Shchedrin). Construction lasted two years, and on July 9, 1833, Metropolitan Seraphim consecrated the institution along with the church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (in honor of the reigning Emperor Nicholas I), which was located on the second floor in the center of the main facade.

For the maintenance of the establishment, the Merchant Society donated annually a quarter of a kopeck from the ruble of capital declared by the merchants; Personal donations were also accepted. The establishment was under the personal patronage of the emperor.

Elderly and crippled persons of both sexes, assigned to the St. Petersburg merchant and bourgeois class, were accepted into the House of Charity. They also accepted, in case of vacancies, artisans, and 10 people - elderly coachmen (the latter were accepted under an agreement with the Yamskaya Sloboda Society, which was located nearby). The application for admission to a charity home must be accompanied by a certificate of residence in the capital, a certificate of the applicant’s condition and behavior. At the expense of benefactors, boarders were accepted here in excess of the staff for a fee of 200 rubles. per year and 50 rub. one-time “for establishment”.

All those in custody were provided with uniforms, linen and shoes. In the rooms, designed as an enfilade, there were 16-20 beds with bedside tables, and tables and chairs near the windows. The table was common, separate for men's and women's sections, hearty, with cabbage soup, pies and kvass. If those looked after by society were able, they were obliged to sew and knit dresses and underwear, sew shoes, and help in cooking. In the workshops of the charity house they spun flax, hemp and wool, made brushes, toys, paint brushes, rugs, etc. These products were sold either to the institution itself, or “outside”, for the pocket money of those in charity.

In 1842-1843, a fence was built along the street (now only a stone base remains of it), and in front of the entrance there was a chapel with a bell tower (now used as a transformer box).


The charity home is gradually beginning to expand its scope of activity. A hospital with 30 beds was founded under him. In 1839-1841, A.F. Shchedrin added an eastern wing to the building,

and in 1842-1844 - western.

Later, both wings were connected by passages to the main building.

Two schools for orphans were opened in them - respectively, the Nikolaev Trade School for boys and the Alexandrinskaya (in honor of Empress Alexandra Fedorovna) commercial school for girls.

In 1855, the almshouse was named Nikolaevskaya and began to accommodate 500 people. Subsequently, an orphanage was opened under her. In 1868, architect. N.P. Grebenka expanded the church at the expense of the neighboring chamber, so that up to 1000 pilgrims could pray in it. In 1881, in memory of Alexander II, two large marble icon cases with unquenchable lamps were erected.

Another reconstruction of the building took place in 1879. Architects N. A. Melnikov and A. G. Gronvald expanded it and added a bath building, and in 1882-1883, for early liturgies, as well as for funeral services for the dead, N. A. Melnikov built a small Church of the Intercession, which was located near the right wing , behind the main building, and was connected to it by a passage.

In the early 1900s, deductions from merchant capital for the maintenance of the almshouse were increased to one kopeck per ruble, and in 1905, on the 75th anniversary of the House of Charity, its capital reached 2 million rubles. In 1907, the famous Art Nouveau era architects, the brothers, expanded the building and added a third floor, where they built a new church hall for 2000 people in the Russian Empire style, consecrated on December 7, 1908 by Metropolitan Anthony. Since that time, the number of adults in custody has exceeded 700.

Houses of care exclusively for the young poor are referred to as orphanages, and houses of care for the mentally ill are referred to as mental homes. Like almshouses, charity houses were class and all-class.

The most significant of the charity houses

In Petersburg

• In 1823, the largest almshouse of the Humane Society was opened in St. Petersburg - the house of the poor, which in 1875 received the name “Isidorovsky”. The institution was intended to provide charity for poor adults of both sexes without distinction of class. The house had three departments: an apartment (for 100 people), a hospital (for 40 beds) and a department for keeping 25 terminally ill patients. Later, the number of those supported increased. A fourth department was opened - for patients with epilepsy. By the second half of the 19th century, the house began to be reserved only for women. noble origin. People of “ordinary rank” were transferred to the Kushelev-Bezborodko charity home.
• Founded in 1828 House of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna for charity of the poor was in the department of Empress Maria. The House had honorary benefactors who contributed at least 300 rubles annually. or at a time not less than 5,000 rubles.
• Founded in 1831 Nikolaev nursing home for the elderly and crippled citizens for the poor of both sexes, merchant and bourgeois classes. There were schools for boys and girls at the house.
• Opened in 1833 and held in the department of Empress Maria Demidovsky Workers' Charity House with a capital of 500,000 rubles, donated by A. N. Demidov, operated on the basis of the charter on July 8, 1882 and bears little resemblance to an almshouse. Combining the features of a house of hard work and cheap apartments, it consisted of 4 departments:
  • a) a department for working women for the accommodation of 50 women and girls who performed work in those crafts and handicrafts that were introduced in the institution; from the earnings of those in need, 25 kopecks per day were withheld for their maintenance;
  • b) a department for the education of girls - a vocational school whose goal was to provide poor girls of all classes with a craft education; pupils took a scientific course within the scope of the program of women's gymnasiums and then learned various skills in a special class;
  • c) the department for supplying the poor with prepared food - a cheap canteen in which free food was provided only to the sick;
  • d) the department for the shelter of matrons and teachers was intended for the care of female persons who were in the service in the Demidov house and, due to old age and weakness, were deprived of the opportunity to feed themselves by their own labor.

• In 1842, the Orlovo-Novosiltsevsky charitable institution for men was opened. It was discovered by E.V. 
• Novosiltseva, but was subsequently supported by the Humane Society and, since 1884, by investments from Count V.N. Panina. Founded in 1853 Home for poor girls of noble rank
• was, as it were, a branch of the widow's house; Mostly girls who served in government institutions in the educational field were accepted.
• In the buildings transferred by the emperor to the Humane Society (buildings of the liquidated Malokhta schismatic institutions) in 1853, a new almshouse was created (hereinafter Kusheleva-Bezborodko), into which unprivileged female persons from the home of the poor were transferred. Since January 1, 1859, Count Kushelev-Bezborodko has maintained the almshouse at his own expense. Founded in 1861 Charity home for elderly poor women of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko
• , administered by the Imperial Humane Society, was supported by donations from the heirs of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko and benefits from the humane society. Founded in 1863 Charity home for the elderly and crippled citizens of the St. Petersburg petty bourgeois society
• was intended for free charity of local townsfolk of both sexes who were unable to work. House of charity and handicraft education for poor children in St. Petersburg. Founded in 1870, as the successor of the Shelter for Poor Children, opened in 1860 by the sister of the Holy Cross community V.I. Shchedrin. The House included: The vocational school of Tsarevich Nicholas (1875) with the emperor’s craft classes Alexandra III
• (1895) and the mechanical-optical and watchmaking department (1900), as well as the Women's Handicraft School of Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Founded in 1877 Charity house for poor citizens of St. Petersburg Timenkova-Frolova
• was supported by funds bequeathed by the donor; was run by the St. Petersburg merchant society and had two branches: a) the house itself for free charity for the elderly and disabled belonging to the St. Petersburg merchant or petty bourgeois society and b) a school at the charity house, the course of which was equal to the course of 3-year city schools under the patronage of the St. Petersburg Metropolitan. The house accepted female persons who, due to poverty, orphanhood or illness, were deprived of the opportunity to live independently. At the house there was a three-year school with a 6-year course for orphan girls of clergy rank.
• Home for the poor of the ecclesiastical rank at the Bolsheokhtensky Orthodox Cemetery.
• In 1890, the “Shelter and free apartments of Mikhail and Elizaveta Petrov” was opened. The almshouse was intended for completely poor women, the apartments were for persons of both sexes.

In Moscow

Run by the city public administration consisted:

• Gorikhvostov Charity House at the 1st City Hospital;
• Home for the brothers Peter, Alexander and Vasily Bakhrushin for the terminally ill, established at the city hospital named after the Bakhrushins with capital donated by them. In charge of the Moscow nobility was House of charity named after Colonel Vladimir Borisovich Kozakov of the Guard for poor nobles of both sexes, with the goal of providing free charity to poor nobles of military rank, their wives and widows with young children, as well as widows and children of headquarters and chief officers who died from wounds.

The Moscow Merchant Society was in charge of:

• Nikolaev House of Charity for Widows and Orphans who belonged to the Moscow merchant class - for poor women;
• House of Charity named after Mazurins;
• House of Charity for the Poor G. I. Khludov.

The Moscow Trusteeship for the Poor Clergy was in charge of Gorikhvostovsky House of Charity.

Was independent St. George's House of Charity for the Poor Clergy.

The Society for the Care of the Terminally Ill in Moscow had Home for the terminally ill (women). The Society of Educators and Teachers was founded Care home for elderly teachers and educators.

Charity home for headquarters and chief officers of the philanthropist Sheremeteva was a military almshouse.

In other cities

Yaroslavsky Catherine's House of Charity for Neighbors was established in Yaroslavl in 1786 with the aim of educating the children of poor parents in the Yaroslavl province. In 1820, under him, it was opened Gryazev's hospice ward for the care of elderly and helpless women. The boys who lived in the House of Charity studied at the local boys' gymnasium and other educational institutions, and the girls studied at the women's gymnasium attached to the House.

Home for the Poor in the city of Tula, the goal was to provide charity for the elderly and disabled; consisted of

Literature

• 140 years of the Tsarevich Nicholas Vocational School. Pages of history found in the archives / S. I. Alekseeva, I. K. Bott, O. V. Egorenkova and others / Ed. I. F. Kefeli. St. Petersburg: Agraf+ LLC, 2015. 504 pp., illus. + CD.
• Alekseeva S.I. Military orders of the Vocational School of Tsarevich Nicholas // First World War and problems Russian society: Materials of the International scientific conference, St. Petersburg, November 20–21, 2014. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the State Polar Academy, 2014. pp. 219–223.
• Ulyanova G. N. Charity in Russian Empire: XIX – early XX centuries. St. Petersburg, 2005.