Berg (L. Tolstoy's War and Peace). L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace". “Family Thought” in the novel. The Rostov and Bolkonsky, Berg and Kuragin families

Why did he take sword in left hand when he was wounded in the right, and went forward? Berg resembles Molchalin: he has two qualities - moderation and accuracy,” this, in turn, “having received a company during the campaign, managed to earn the trust of his superiors with his diligence and accuracy.” Indeed, Molchaliv and Berg are officials of the same kind. But they are different people, and maybe Berg is more complicated. We are not yet familiar with him when we hear his name for the first time - Natasha, “getting excited,” says to Vera: “Everyone has their own secrets. We won’t touch you and Berg... You flirt with Berg as much as you want...” Just the fact that Vera flirts with Berg - beautiful, cold, calm Vera, always saying unpleasant things, so unlike the rest of the Rostovs - that alone alarming. But here he himself - “fresh, pink... impeccably washed, buttoned up and combed” - sits in the office of old Count Rostov and with “pink lips” releases smoke “from his beautiful mouth.”

Berg is unpleasant we immediately recognize how unpleasant Tolstoy is, and he will not change; from the first pages to the last he will remain the same neat, reasonable, clean-washed pink officer; only its ranks will change.

• “Berg always spoke very precisely, calmly and courteously. His conversation always concerned himself alone; he always remained calmly silent when they talked about something that had no direct relation to him... But as soon as the conversation concerned him personally, he began to speak at length and with visible pleasure.”

All his stories- this is reasoning out loud about one’s own benefit: “If I were in the cavalry, I would receive no more than two hundred rubles a third, even with the rank of lieutenant; and now I get two hundred and thirty...”, “You know, Count, without boasting, I can say that I know the regiment’s orders by heart... Therefore, Count, there are no omissions in my company. So my conscience is calm.” It is beneficial for Berg not only to receive two hundred and thirty rubles, but also to be honest. He cares not only about promotion, but also about a calm conscience. He is a patriot in his own way: having met Rostov during the war, “he put on a clean frock coat, without a stain or speck, fluffed his temples up in front of the mirror, as Alexander Pavlovich wore, and... left the room with a pleasant smile.” His patriotism lies in imitation and devotion to the king. He also has his own moral ideal: “In our race, von Bergov, Count, all were knights...” According to this moral ideal, he accomplished a “feat” at Austerlitz: he took the sword in his left hand and went forward. He was scared, but he overcame his fear. He had the right to leave the battlefield, but he didn’t leave, he stayed...

But only later he will squeeze everything possible out of his “knightly” behavior.

This is not a rough calculation, no. This is such self-confident egoism that one would be surprised at it if it were rare in people. But, unfortunately, it is not so rare.

Berg is not just calculating, selfish, stingy - he is firmly convinced that it is impossible to live otherwise; therefore, he is not ashamed to talk about how, by transferring to the guard, he already won a rank in front of his comrades in the corps, as in war time a company commander can be killed and he, remaining senior in the company, can very easily become a company commander...” This no longer reminds Molchalin, but Skalozub: “I am quite happy in my comrades; vacancies are just open: then the older ones will turn off the others; some, you see, were killed..." But Skalozub is a stupid, semi-literate martinet, and Berg is sweet, polite, neat...

For the Countess Vera Rostova Berg is not at all a brilliant match. Several years ago, his proposal would undoubtedly have been rejected, and he himself, having shown Vera to his friend four years ago and said: “She will be my wife,” was in no hurry to propose. He was an unknown nobleman from the Russified Germans; she is a girl from a rich and noble family. But Berg was patient - he waited four years, and during this time a lot changed: “the Rostovs’ affairs were very upset... and most importantly, Vera was twenty-four years old, she went everywhere, and, despite the fact that she was undoubtedly good and reasonable, no one has ever proposed to her yet.”

Count Ilya Andreevich explains to Verina that she is different from her entire family by the fact that “the countess was wise” with eldest daughter. It is unlikely that a loving mother could “make so much sense.” The Rostovs, who live openly, in the old-fashioned way, without thinking, simply did not notice how they older girl became colder and more selfish as new children appeared and demanded their share of maternal care. Of course, she was spoiled, just as Nikolai, Natasha, and Petya were spoiled, but those three loved each other, learned from their father to be kind and think not only about themselves. Sonya and Boris grew up next to them, in need of spiritual warmth... Vera realized from childhood that the other children were bothering her, that they were superfluous; No wonder she reprimands Nikolai for taking the inkwell from her; No wonder she is indignant at the “secrets” of Natasha and Sonis; they all irritate her; She has one concern - about herself.

Berg is correct chose his wife and correctly calculated the time when to propose. By 1809, he was no longer the unknown officer who sat in his office
href="http://www.school-essays.info/">Count Rostov
in 1805.

“It was not for nothing that Berg showed everyone his wounded Battle of Austerlitz right hand and held a completely unnecessary sword in his left. He told everyone this concealment so stubbornly and with such significance that everyone believed in the expediency and dignity of this act - and Berg received two awards for Austerlitz.” He received two more awards for the fact that in the Finnish War he “picked up a fragment of a grenade that killed an adjutant next to the commander-in-chief, and presented this fragment to the commander.” The most striking thing is that, persistently repeating stories about these exploits, Berg does not think about his career at all: he loves himself and is convinced that his every action is significant and important to other people, that everyone is interested in knowing how he distinguished himself. As a result, in “1809 he was a captain of the guard with orders and occupied some special advantageous places in St. Petersburg.”

And got married it is not at all calculated. Vera had long made an impression on him. Back in 1805, he “spoke with Vera with a tender smile that love is not an earthly, but a heavenly feeling,” and believed what he said. Vera is the kind of wife he needs, “a beautiful, respectable girl... Here is her other sister - the same surname, but completely different, and an unpleasant character, and no intelligence, and such, you know?.. Unpleasant...” Berg married for love, as he understands love, “but the wife needs to bring hers, and the husband his,” so he bargains with the old count in the most natural way: “Berg, smiling pleasantly, explained that if he doesn’t know correctly , what will be given for Faith, and does not receive in advance at least part of what is assigned to her, then he will be forced to refuse. he is lost, he is ashamed of something, and he wants to quickly end the calculations. It's hard to imagine such different people, like Ilya Andreevich Rostov and Berg. Old Count went broke, treating the whole of Moscow to lunch and dinner, and Berg even wanted to say to his friend: “You’ll come to us for dinner,” but he said: “Drink tea.” But the wasteful Count Rostov left his children without money, and his wife, having become a widow, will get by only thanks to her son’s self-denial; and Berg arranged rent for his parents, and will leave a decent fortune for his children.

What's bad? neat, diligent, very firmly abiding by his idea of ​​\u200b\u200bduty and honor Berg? This will be revealed with all clarity much later, when Napoleonic’s army approaches Moscow, and the Russians, who only yesterday sold their hay at exorbitant prices, today will burn it so that the enemy does not get it; Natasha will begin to throw the whole family’s belongings out of the carts in order to take the wounded with her; the whole people - that is, every person! - will think not only about himself. But people like Berg will remain themselves - and he himself, as clean as always, will be preoccupied with buying wardrobe glasses for his beloved wife.

I won't assure you that Berg will someday pay for living so petty and complacently. No. He will feel happy all his life and will raise children like him; he will never repent of anything. Chatsky was right in his own way when he said: “Silent people are blissful in the world.” They are blissful because their happiness is easily achievable. Yes, Berg is happy. But it’s not difficult to achieve his ideal of happiness. Here he sits, already a colonel, in “a clean uniform, with his temples oiled in front, Sovereign Alexander Pavlovich”, in his “new, bright office, decorated with busts, and pictures, and new furniture,” next to beautiful wife him in a new lace cape, which was on Princess Yusupova... Guests come to them, and Berg is happy because “it was just like every other evening... everything was like everyone else,” and in a silver The basket contained exactly the same cookies, “which the Panins had at the evening, everything was exactly the same as the others.”

This ideal of life hostile
href="http://www.school-essays.info/about/">Tolstoy
First of all, the flow that people should not be the same. The desire to be like everyone else gives birth to a philistine, and philistinism may be the most serious disease of society. Where citizens have turned into philistines, it stops spiritual development people and countries, progress is impossible there. Berg's neat and harmless psychology at first glance brings with it the death of morality. Do not rush to laugh at Berg - he is not funny, but scary. And especially because his ideal of happiness has not died, it still exists today; a beautiful wife, brand new clothes, an apartment - everything is like others, like everyone else... Look around you - don’t you see people falling silent as soon as the conversation does not concern them personally, passionately convinced that the main thing in life is their well-being and career advancement. Look into your soul - are you sure that Berg is not hiding there?

Berg represents L.N. in the novel. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" type of "business man", characteristic of the second literature half of the 19th century century. The hero is not a very good officer noble birth, serving primarily at headquarters. He always ends up in in the right place at the right time, all the acquaintances he makes are exclusively beneficial to him, he managed to advance far in his career, but not so much for his personal merits, but due to the fact that he talks about his “exploits” to everyone and everything. Thus, persistently telling the story of his wound in the Battle of Austerlitz, Berg receives two awards for one wound. In the same way, he receives awards in the Finnish war, picking up a fragment of a grenade that killed the adjutant of the commander-in-chief, and presenting this fragment to the commander.

According to the classification created by Tolstoy, Berg belongs to the category of “little Napoleons.”

The author doesn't like him, even external characteristic Berga is so impeccable that the reader immediately understands Tolstoy’s true attitude towards his hero: “fresh, pink... impeccably washed, buttoned and combed.”

Berg has false patriotism, he does not act in harmony with the people, on the contrary, war for him is a means of achieving his own goals - career growth, enrichment. While Moscow residents are leaving their city, leaving behind their property, giving carts to the wounded, clean and tidy Berg is in a hurry to buy furniture cheaply.

The literary hero values ​​money above all else in his life. He tries to get his own benefit in everything, which he likes to talk about out loud: “If I were in the cavalry, I would receive no more than two hundred rubles a third, even with the rank of lieutenant; and now I get two hundred and thirty..."

But at the same time, Berg is honest in his service, because, again, it benefits him.

He has some of his own moral ideals which he follows. In the Battle of Austerlitz, wounded in the arm, he goes further into battle, transferring the sword to his healthy hand. He overcame his fear and moved forward.

Berg's image is ambiguous. On the one hand, he is negative, his false patriotism, the search for personal gain in everything, even in marriage, turns the reader away from him. However, on the other hand, Berg is sincere, he does not hide his essence. He is selfish, stingy, but he is not a hypocrite, he is who he is, he is not even at all ashamed of himself, since he cannot imagine any other way of life. The way he behaves is the only correct and natural thing for Berg. He loves Vera Rostova and wants to marry her, but realizing that he is not quite the right match for her, he waits for the right moment when the Rostovs’ affairs are upset, and the girl herself is already twenty-four years old, and she is increasingly thinking about marriage. Moreover, even love did not prevent the hero from asking Prince Rostov about his daughter’s dowry. Berg did not hide the fact that he viewed the command of a company mainly from the point of view of monetary income. But at the same time, he regularly fulfills his official duties, knows the regulations and orders for the regiment very well. Berg is quite happy, he is satisfied with life, which is moving according to the plan. It’s just that this plan, and indeed the hero’s way of thinking and life, runs counter to the way of life of other characters and the author himself.

It is no coincidence that we notice the ironic attitude of Tolstoy and other heroes towards Berg. The hero is caricatured at the very end of the novel. The very name of the position he holds evokes a bewildered smile: “assistant to the chief of staff of the assistant to the first department of the chief of staff of the second corps.” This name is a kind of mockery of staff officers and in particular von Berg.

Berg as " business man"fully fulfills its function in the novel, his image is written brightly and accurately, but this type of person does not arouse the author’s sympathy. Author's attitude directly affects the reader’s attitude towards the hero. We laugh at Berg, consider him an unattractive hero, but we cannot deny the fact that in our modern world there are much more Bergs than people like Pierre Bezukhov, Andrei Bolkonsky, Nikolai Rostov.

Tolstoy "War and Peace"

In the epic novel by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, the business people are von Berg and Drubetskoy.

Among the heroes of the novel L.N. In Tolstoy's War and Peace there are two careerists - von Berg and Prince Boris Drubetskoy. Both of them succeeded and, starting practically from scratch, quickly rose to high ranks. The reader can see them at different stages of their careers. But if you compare these two careerists, you will notice deep differences between them.

Berg is an officer of not very noble origin, serving mainly at headquarters. Thanks to the fact that he was in the right place at the right time and made the necessary contacts that were beneficial to him, he advanced far in his career. Berg tells everyone for so long and with such significance about how he was wounded in the Battle of Austerlitz that in the end he receives two awards for one wound. And in the Finnish war, he also “distinguished himself”: he picks up a fragment of a grenade, which killed the adjutant next to the commander-in-chief, and brings this fragment to the commander. He, too, persistently retells this incident to everyone, until he receives two awards for the Finnish war.

Berg, according to Tolstoy’s classification, belongs to the “little Napoleons,” like the vast majority of staff workers. Tolstoy denies him any honor, any encouragement. Berg has no "warmth of patriotism", even during Patriotic War 1812 Berg is not with the people - he is, rather, against the people. Berg is trying to get the most out of the war: when everyone left Moscow before the fire, and even noble, rich people abandoned their property to free the carts and transport the wounded on them, Berg buys furniture at cheap prices.

Von Berg was distinguished by a frankness unusual for careerists, which harmed him in many ways. He did not hide at all, in particular, his desire for material gain and even the fact that for him command of a company was, first of all, supposed to provide monetary income. Berg spoke about money in a society where it was not decent to talk about it. This caused at least an ironic attitude towards him and irritation from some people, which he, however, did not notice.

Despite this irony, Berg was a completely serviceable officer and he successfully performed his official duties in peacetime, on the campaign trail, and in battle. Berg not only knew the regulations well, but also all the orders for the regiment.

We should not forget that at that time it was quite common for officers to have income from the military units entrusted to them. And if a cavalry officer’s unit had horses kept in in perfect order, were well-groomed and, most importantly, fed, it was considered quite normal that he took the rest of the fodder money for himself. Berg was simply consistent and tried to earn income from fodder money, even while serving in the infantry. And L.N. Tolstoy writes with some Gogolian intonations that Berg, having spoken to the adjutant of the commander-in-chief (Prince Andrei), “... took the opportunity to ask with special courtesy whether they would now, as was heard, issue double forage to army company commanders.” But there is no doubt that Berg, thanks to his diligence and foresight, had his horses in perfect order and his income from fodder money was higher than that of most company commanders.

Berg did not adjust his conversations and his behavior to the mores of the society in which he was located. Therefore, he caused ridicule and irritation from people like Nikolai Rostov. This is quite natural. But it seems that he evoked the same feelings in Leo Tolstoy himself. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain why at the end of the novel Berg is portrayed as a complete caricature. The title of the position he held in the summer of 1812 is characteristic: “assistant to the chief of staff of the assistant to the first section of the chief of staff of the second corps.” The name is ridiculous even from a grammatical point of view: what is this “assistant of the first department” and “first department chief of staff”. So this name is perceived as a mockery of staff officers in general and of von Berg in particular.

No less caricatured is Berg's trip to Moscow after the Battle of Borodino, when Muscovites were hastily packing, preparing to leave the capital. And at such a moment Berg wanted to buy a wardrobe and a toilet on the cheap. Has he really forgotten the old proverb: “Over the sea, a heifer is half a piece, but a ruble is transported”? Could he really hope to transport this furniture in such a turbulent time from Moscow to his apartment in St. Petersburg without damage? All this looks super cartoonish. Berg clearly personifies petty-bourgeois ideology.

Berg puts money first in his life. With his primitive egoism and undisguised love of money, he attracted attention and irritated many. He talks about them where he shouldn't. In any case, he tries to benefit for himself. Unlike Luzhin, Berg does not believe that someone should stand over a person. The main thing for him is to get as much as possible more money, and he doesn’t care about everyone else.

Drubetskoy is another “business man” in the epic novel. But he is not similar in his value system to von Berg. If Berg's main thing is money, then Drubetsky's main thing is his career. Prince Drubetskoy did not talk about money because his career was more important to him. And wanting to succeed in his career, he did not neglect any little things in order to create a favorable image of himself. Speaking modern language, he was more worried about his image than about money.

Drubetskoy did not talk about money and about a career in those places where this was not accepted, but this did not mean that he was unmercenary. A characteristic detail: the Drubetskys, both mother and son, were repeatedly helped with money by their mother’s friend, Countess Rostova. Then the situation changed. The Drubetskys became rich, and the Rostovs became poor. But in the novel there is no talk of the Drubetskys thinking about helping the Rostovs.

However, it’s not even about monetary assistance. Countess Rostova had a promissory note from Anna Mikhailovna for two thousand rubles, that is, a large sum for the impoverished Rostovs. But the Drubetskys, who became rich, did not bother to repay the debt to their impoverished friends.

Drubetskoy did not miss the slightest opportunity to show himself to be more significant than he really was. Let us pay attention to two characteristic episodes. Listening to the conversation between Rostopchin and the commander-in-chief that took place in front of him, he realized that it was very flattering to be received by the old Prince Bolkonsky. After which he wished to be introduced to him and even somehow gained his favor. It is possible that the old field marshal invited him only because he was looking at potential suitors for his daughter, but one way or another it became known about Drubetsky that he was being received by Prince Nikolai Andreevich himself, which at that time was very honorable.

Drubetskoy received information by listening to the conversations of nobles. It is clear which source of information is more important for an officer from the point of view of the service. But Drubetskoy didn’t just listen. He was actively searching for information. In particular, in June 1812, just at the beginning of the war, I noticed the Minister of Police Balashov at a ball and realized that Balashov had brought some important message. After this, Boris, as if by chance, found himself near the tsar at the moment when Balashov approached him with a report. As a result: “Boris was the first to learn about the crossing of the Neman by French troops and, thanks to this, had the opportunity to show some important persons that he knew many things hidden from others, and through this he had the opportunity to rise higher in the opinion of these persons.”

Note that here L.N. Tolstoy again used a long, ironic, Gogol-sounding phrase. And indeed, here Drubetskoy clearly demonstrated his desire to show himself more significant than he really was.

For Drubetskoy, money has always been something secondary. He understood that the ranks and social status more important than money. Moreover, over time he began to have money. One can only guess how he acquired them. But be that as it may, having taken a higher position in the service hierarchy compared to Berg, he money matters far ahead of Berg.

Drubetsky's attitude towards matchmaking was somewhat strange. Simultaneously with Berg's matchmaking, Prince Boris began to develop a very tender relationship with Natasha Rostova, the sister of Vera, Berg's fiancée. And in the event of marriage, Drubetskoy could count on twenty thousand in cash and eighty thousand on a bill. But Drubetsky was not happy with this. And for a long time he had his eye on really rich brides. But, having set his sights on the rich heiress Julie Karagina, he began to behave in full accordance with the norms of behavior that were accepted in society at that time. secular society. So outwardly his relationship with future wife were very romantic. And at the decisive moment of explanation, he said all those tender words that are usually spoken in such cases.

Drubetskoy could always mislead people who were ready to perceive him as he seemed, and not as he really was. The main danger posed by Drubetskoy was that he could occupy a high government post and cause great damage to the state.

For people like Berg, the most important thing in life is their career. In all possible cases, Drubetskoy wants to seem like a person who knows what even the most influential people do not know. Unlike Berg, Drubetskoy is not chasing money.

Characteristic literary hero German, first the groom, and then the husband of Vera Rostova. This is “a fresh, pink guards officer, immaculately washed, buttoned and combed.” At the beginning of the work, Berg is a lieutenant, and at the end of the work he becomes a colonel, from which one can see that Berg has made a good career. He is precise, calm, courteous, but very selfish and stingy. He loves and can only talk about himself and his successes. Those around him laugh at him; he is a stranger in the Rostov house. They do not understand his prudence and stinginess. Berg proposes to Vera and demands the promised dowry from the old count, despite the difficult circumstances. financial position Rostov. This hero is clearly unpleasant and alien to Tolstoy himself.

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Adolf Karlovich Berg is a portrait of an officer Russian army German origin. In his body flows the blood of Latvian knights, who many years ago remained in Russia, earned the trust of the monarch and received noble title. The image and characteristics of Berg in the novel “War and Peace” are revealed by Lev Nikolaevich in order to show the moral character of Russian officers of different nationalities.

Berg's appearance

The uniform fit perfectly on the shoulders young man. Every hair on her smoothly combed head lay perfectly straight. Graceful rings of smoke rose from the amber mouthpiece, making the mouth even more attractive. A friendly smile placed the interlocutor at ease, and a respectful intonation testified to a noble upbringing.

Devotion to the Russian Emperor Adolf Karlovich demonstrated by wearing his hair at the temples in the same style as Alexander I, with the ends curled forward.

Berg's character traits

The Rostovs called the main character trait of Breg, which was striking to those around him, good-natured egoism. Vera's parents liked that their daughter's groom was extremely courteous, as befits a noble nobleman. According to the charter, he was precise in his statements, according to court etiquette, attentive to others.

Inner world the hero remained unknown to anyone, no one knew whether he existed at all. His stories sounded sedately, with conviction, they contained solid facts, real events devoid of guesswork. It turned out involuntarily that Adolf Karlovich was talking only about himself, because this topic was perfectly known to him. And when it came to something else, he simply fell silent. He could remain silent for several hours at a time while they discussed abstract issues that had nothing to do with him.

Cold calculation

Berg is not familiar with excitement, card games he is not attracted, there is always a high risk of losing what he has earned. Hospitality is not typical for an officer, as Leo Tolstoy mentions more than once. In the character traits of the hero, thriftiness sometimes smoothly turns into stinginess, which is typical of thrifty people.

Berg at war

The officer, having a developed memory, knew the regulations by heart and could remember in detail all the orders for the regiment. In an emergency situation, the experienced warrior acted calmly, without losing composure, maintaining control. Berg was a true polyglot, like many representatives of high society, he knew French perfectly and German languages.

Family values

Berg chose Vera Rostova as his wife out of calculation; he did not hide this fact, taking his approach to choosing a wife naturally. All women in his eyes were frankly stupid creatures. Nature endowed the weaker sex with stupidity, lack of ingenuity and business acumen, so Adolf was happy to feel his superiority over his wife.

However, the couple loved each other. It was a happy family in the understanding of Leo Tolstoy, because the priorities of the spouses coincided. People married out of the same need to start a family. Both found their relationship comfortable enough to feel fulfilled in their personal lives. Berg created the kind of family he wanted to have.

Career

During the Finnish campaign (1808-1809) he managed to get two awards and become captain of the guard. Thanks to this, the trickster achieved good place in St. Petersburg, as the author claims, is a particularly advantageous place.

In 1812, Berg served at the headquarters of the First Army command, successfully surviving the war. The result of dedicated service was Vladimir and Anna around the neck, a secure future as a staff assistant.