What is a playwright? Dramaturgy. Basic concepts. Features of the new direction

However, all this does not detract from the role of the playwright in the creation of the play - he is one of the main members of the team of authors. This thesis is very clearly illustrated by the collaboration of playwright Gr. Gorin and director M. Zakharov. The playwright’s brilliant “comic fantasies” became the basis for the director’s landmark performances and films: Til(based on S. de Coster), The same Munchausen(based on Raspe), The House That Swift Built(based on J. Swift), Love Formula(based on A. Tolstoy). However, in productions by other directors creative individuality playwright Gorin is not revealed so clearly. Perhaps the exception is the fairly successful film Say a word about the poor hussar..., where Gorin joined creative community with director E. Ryazanov (as co-writer and director of the film). As was said, the playwright shares the merits of the artistic level of a theatrical (or cinematic) work with a whole team of his colleagues (composer, artist, actors, etc.), however, the higher the level of the original literary work, the greater the chances of creative and commercial success .

The urgent need to know the specifics of theater often led to the fact that practical theater workers - actors and directors - acted as playwrights. Thus, Shakespeare, recognized as the greatest playwright of all time, was an actor for many years. The same applies to Moliere and many other playwrights - from classics to modern ones.

The only exception to the rule of relying on theatrical specifics is the so-called. “plays for reading”, originally created by the author not for stage production(in particular, such plays were quite widespread in the eras of classicism and enlightenment). The clearest example plays for reading can be the tragedy of J.V. Goethe Faust. The tragedy is written in the form of dialogues; it is recognized as one of the pinnacles of classical world literature, however, its production on stage of its complete, non-adapted version is impossible (performance Faust P. Stein, 2000, lasting about 20 hours, can only be classified as theatrical experiments). It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that the architectonics Faust non-stage in principle, and not due to the author’s ignorance of theatrical specifics - Goethe made a significant contribution to the development theatrical arts, dramaturgy and the education of an actor (meaning his Weimar period, as well as plays Goetz von Berlichingen, Egmont, Iphigenia in Tauris, Clavigo and etc.). Faust however, it was consciously written according to completely different principles and in a different, non-theatrical genre.

Tatiana Shabalina

A playwright is a writer who creates plays and develops scripts. The profession of a playwright is quite complex and creative, which not many of us are given the opportunity to perform. A professional film playwright works on the creation of dramatic works of cinema.

Description of the profession of playwright

The playwright's activities are carried out in the field of theater, television, radio, press, and various projects. The playwright creates scripts that include dialogues and laconic descriptions of the video sequences present. Scripts are used to create films, television programs and advertising. The basis for writing a script can be either a literary work or the author’s own plot.

Personal qualities of a playwright

A professional playwright must be a creative person with bright thinking, communication skills, and literary talent. People in this profession are distinguished by a creative approach and the ability to work effectively in a team. The playwright creates the basis for future productions. For example, on television, as well as in cinema, the profession of a playwright is called differently - a screenwriter.

What personal qualities should a playwright have? Firstly, this is a certain life experience, which is a source for creating original stories and works. Also this profession requires a person to have extraordinary personal qualities. Here you cannot do without a rich outlook, sincere interest in the world and people. After all, in order to qualitatively use your knowledge to write a play or script, you will need the ability to write, attentiveness, perseverance, and also a focus on results. In addition, knowledge of drama, film and television production is required. One cannot do without knowledge of human psychology.

Work as a playwright in film and television

It is impossible to imagine modern cinema and television without scriptwriters, since scripts serve as the foundation for films, television programs, shows, etc.

In his work, the screenwriter sets out the events, and also outlines the character of the characters, the sequence of their actions, describes the roles, describes storyline. But it should be noted that the script is not always created according to the original plot. The basis can also be a classic play adapted for film adaptation.

In this work, routine, uninteresting and bland plot is unacceptable. It is not surprising that there is always a need for creative playwrights, since scripts are the basis of not only films, but also television shows. The only exception is news programs, in which the main writer is life itself. Working on programs and films always starts with one thing - creating an exciting script.

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The specifics of the work of a theater playwright are complex and interesting. His main goal is the creation of a play. However, if the play is really interesting, then performances based on it can be staged endlessly, and in several theaters at the same time.

Screenwriters receive payment exclusively for those works that are accepted into production. A film scriptwriter can work either as a staff member of a film company or as a collaborator. special conditions. Russian universities training playwrights:

• VGIK (Moscow);
• SPbSUKiT (St. Petersburg).

Material from Uncyclopedia

Dramaturgy, drama (Greek δράμα - action) - along with epic and lyric poetry, one of three genres fiction. Includes works intended for stage performance and related to various genres(tragedy, comedy, drama, melodrama, vaudeville, farce).

The tragedy "Othello" by W. Shakespeare in National Theater Great Britain in London. Othello - L. Olivier, Iago - F. Finlay.

Scene from the comedy “The Marriage of Figaro” by P. Beaumarchais with the participation of A. A. Mironov and A. E. Shirvindt. Moscow Theater of Satire.

A scene from the play “Stepan Razin” based on the work of the same name by V. M. Shukshin. Theater named after Evg. Vakhtangov. In the role of Stepan Razin, M. A. Ulyanov.

Melodrama. From a French painting artist XIX V. O. Daumier.

Still from the film “Ah, Vaudeville, Vaudeville!” with the participation of M.I. Pugovkin. 1983

Literal translation from the Greek word tragedy means "song of the goats." The fact is that in the ancient Greek rites and holidays, where the tragedy originated, mummers in goat skins and masks took part, portraying satyrs - the companions of the god Dionysus and singing odes in his honor.

The formation of the genre occurred gradually. Simple communication between the singing of dithyrambs (odes, songs of praise) and the choir, during which listeners were told stories from the lives of gods and heroes, over time developed into a special type work of art. In it, more and more space was given to the direct depiction of the characters of tragic events, and the action began to prevail over the story. Highest flourishing ancient tragedy reached in the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides (see Ancient theater).

English playwrights of the Renaissance (see Renaissance Theatre, English Theatre, W. Shakespeare) changed the structure of tragedy, discarded the unity of action that was considered mandatory by the ancients, and combined the comic and tragic in the play. Shakespeare's tragedies are distinguished by their extraordinary freedom of construction and enormous semantic capacity: they seem to have absorbed the entire spectrum of social and philosophical views of the era, reflecting the severity and complexity of fundamental social conflicts.

However, already in the 17th century, with the establishment of classicism in art, tragedy turned out to be one of the most regulated dramatic genres, subject to strict rules - the unity of action, place and time, the demarcation of the tragic and the comic. But even at this time wonderful works were created. Thus, in the works of the French playwrights P. Corneille and J. Racine, tragedy acquired true depth and poetic power (see French theater). Subsequently, the genre of tragedy sought to overcome classicist restrictions.

In the 19th century playwrights began to pay more attention to drama, which was more suitable (as opposed to tragedy) for depicting real life conflicts, pressing problems and ordinary human destinies.

IN modern theater In its pure form, tragedy is rare, although there is a tendency towards its revival. This can be explained historical experience XX century with its social dynamism, the severity of class clashes, devastating wars and the threat of nuclear disaster.

Tragedies usually depict the deepest contradictions between man and society. Tragic hero enters into an insoluble conflict with the world, reality, and himself. The struggle waged by the hero often leads to his death. But it does not exhaust the conflict, but only reveals its scale. The fate of the hero evokes in the audience, according to Aristotle, “fear and compassion”, forcing them to go through a tragic experience that awakens their intellectual and moral strength. This nature of the tragedy is associated with the peculiarity of its impact on the audience, which Aristotle defined by the term “catharsis” (“purification”). There are still theoretical disputes around this concept today. Some researchers interpret the nature of catharsis as purely moral, others see it as a psychophysiological reaction.

The principles for classifying comedy are varied. Depending on the structure, a distinction is made between character comedies and sitcoms. Depending on the type of plots and the nature of their treatment, comedies can be domestic, lyrical, satirical, or comedies of manners. There are heroic comedies and tragicomedies (when a comedic conflict takes on the features of deep drama). The comic is manifested in the works of this genre in its various facets and shades: from light irony, ridicule to castigating satire, from gentle humor to bitter sarcasm. However, most often in the plays there is a complex fusion of both structural and purely stylistic elements. This is especially true for modern theater.

Drama(in the narrow sense) is a genre of drama that occupies an intermediate place between comedy and tragedy. In the 18th century French writer and the Enlightenment philosopher D. Diderot in his works introduced drama into the circle of dramatic literature as an independent genre in which the world is depicted real person with his problems and psychology, relationships with surrounding reality. Over time, drama becomes one of the leading theatrical genres. The work of G. E. Lessing and F. Schiller in Germany is associated with it; in France V. Hugo creates the type romantic drama, which had a serious influence on the development of world theater.

Interest in drama increases with the emergence of the art of directing. Fundamentally new dramatic constructions, types of conflict, methods of constructing a plot, depicting human characters are being formed. These are the dramas of G. Ibsen, G. Hauptmann, A. Strindberg, the intense conflict plays of A. M. Gorky. A. P. Chekhov in his dramas realized fundamental transformations of the very foundations of theatrical thinking, becoming more and more diverse, the drama genre contributes to rapprochement. performing arts with searches conducted in the field of poetry, prose, and journalism. Nowadays, drama has a serious content, reflects various aspects human life and society, explores human psychology, touches on the most important modern problems.

Melodrama- a play with acute intrigue, exaggerated emotionality, a sharp contrast between good and evil, and a moral and instructive tendency. It arose at the end of the 18th century. in France, in Russia - in the 20s. XIX century (plays by N.V. Kukolnik, N.A. Polevoy, etc.). Certain elements of melodrama are found in the works of some Soviet playwrights - A. N. Arbuzov, A. D. Salynsky and others.

Vaudeville- one of the types of sitcoms with verse songs and dances. Originated in France; classics of French vaudeville - E. Scribe, E. Labiche. The best works This type is characterized by playful fun and a topical reflection of reality. In Russia, the vaudeville acts of N. I. Khmelnitsky, A. S. Griboyedov, A. A. Shakhovsky, A. I. Pisarev, N. A. Nekrasov are famous... One-act plays by A. P. Chekhov continued the tradition of vaudeville (he did not use verses). On the stage Soviet theaters there were vaudevilles modern writers- V. P. Kataev, V. V. Shkvarkin and others.

Farce- comedy-vaudeville of the 19th–20th centuries. light content with purely external comic techniques.

The playwright is a master at creating literary basis for a play, film or TV show.

Wage

25,000–30,000 rub. (istoki-rb.ru)

Place of work

Most often, playwrights work independently, receiving fees for approved scripts. But sometimes they work on the staff of a television company.

Responsibilities

In cinema, the playwright's script represents the foundation of the future work. The author builds images of heroes, constructs events, and forms the outline. The more original the script is presented, the more likely that the audience will like the film. Sometimes the playwright helps in choosing actors and actively collaborates with the producer.

In the theater, the playwright prepares plays for theatrical productions. A good script remains in the memory of the audience for a long time. Certainly, great importance has the acting, but the basis of the work is always the key to success.

Important qualities

The following qualities are important in the profession: literary abilities, rich imagination, love of writing, out-of-the-box thinking, analytical mind, ability to concentrate

Reviews about the profession

“I was lucky to become interested in drama when the dominant opinion was: “ modern dramaturgy No". The plays were written by selected madmen who could not live without it. And now we see a flourishing and a huge number of new interesting authors. No one, not even the most inadequate critic, can say that there is no modern dramaturgy. But there are fewer crazy people, and oddly enough, I miss them.”

Maxim Kurochkin,
playwright.

Stereotypes, humor

The playwright boasts to a friend:
“And so, when the curtain fell, the whole hall exploded with applause.
- What was painted on the curtain?

Education

In order to write “strong” scripts, you need to have a good knowledge of the laws of literary genres and understand psychology. To do this, you should obtain a profile higher education. You can study, for example, at the St. Petersburg University of Film and Television (SPbGUKiT).

Theater universities in Moscow: Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical University, Theatre Institute named after Boris Shchukin at the State academic theater named after Evgeny Vakhtangov.

Main stream dramatic literature is the creation of literary works written for the theater - “drama”. The profession of the author of literary works is called “playwright”, the work created by him is “play”. The only highest educational institution in Russia, training specialists in the specialty “literary worker”, and having a seminar on dramaturgy, is in Moscow.

A separate specific area of ​​dramatic literature is the creation of literary works written specifically for cinema and television - film dramaturgy. The profession of an author of literary film scripts is called screenwriter . The only higher educational institution in Russia that graduates writers with a generally recognized diploma in the specialty " film playwright and literary television worker", is VGIK in Moscow.

see also

Links

Wikimedia Foundation.

Synonyms

See what “Dramaturg” is in other dictionaries: - (by this, see previous word). Writer of dramatic works. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. PLAYWRIGHT Greek. dramaturges; etymology see Dramaturgy. Writer of dramas. Explanation of 25,000 foreign...

Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language Cm …

Synonym dictionary- a, m. dramaturge m. gr. dramaturgos the author of the drama. Playwrights are either bad or good. The former write bad plays, the latter do not write plays. S. Guitry. // Borohov. Three tasks of the playwright: the first is to create a situation, the second is to bring the action to it... Historical Dictionary Gallicisms of the Russian language

DRAMATURG, playwright, husband. (Greek dramaturges) (lit.). A writer who writes dramatic works. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

dramaturgy- the name of the female family... Spelling dictionary of Ukrainian language

playwrights- [درمترگي] 1. mansub ba dramaturgy 2. amal va shugli playwright: mahorati playwrights, faoliyati playwrights... Farhangi tafsiriya zaboni tokiki

Synonym dictionary - great playwright … Dictionary of Russian Idioms

Synonym dictionary- DRAMATURG, a, m Writer who creates literary works in the genre of tragedy, comedy or drama, intended for production on stage. And immediately the playwright Korneychuk explained in his play “Front” that the failures of the war were associated with stupid... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

M. A writer who creates dramatic works. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern Dictionary Russian language Efremova

Books

• Playwright Pushkin, St. Rassadin, The originality of the language and content of A. S. Pushkin’s dramas is analyzed by the author of this book. He proves that by creating his dramas, Pushkin opens a fundamentally new type, not only of drama, but... Category: Literary Studies Publisher: Art,
• Playwright and theater. Articles, speeches, essays, B. Romashev, Some articles are based on public performance and reports, some articles were specially written for this collection. Having been a journalist for a long time, the author has collected articles here from... Category: