Topic: Methodology for teaching scenography using the example of the topic: “Types and types of scenery. Their purpose is in artistic action. Stage design of the choreographic production. Features of a stage costume - an interesting solution for any room

IN theatrical productions We appreciate not only the acting, but also the stage design. Therefore, scenery is an important part of any performance.

You can explain to a preschooler what a set is like this: “This is everything that is on the stage (not counting the actors) and shows the place where the action of the play takes place.”

The scenery, as a rule, consists of landscapes, views of streets, squares, and interiors. Specialists in making decorations are called .

Main components soft theatrical scenery - backdrop, wings and backdrops. Backdrop, like a background in paintings, depicts everything that is in the background. backstage- narrow pieces of canvas - are placed on the sides of the stage in several rows and represent closer objects - trees, houses, rocks. A holly- pieces of canvas stretched at the top and depicting the sky, upper branches of trees, ceilings of rooms, etc. All together, experts often call stage clothes.

The same applies to stage clothing (soft decorations).

Hard, volumetric scenery can be played out during the action. Stairs, railings, trees, houses, columns are also called active decorations.

IN Lately It has become fashionable to use light or virtual (computer-synthesized) scenery.

Decoration

From ancient times importance received decorative painting, constituting a special branch of art, in the history of which its development followed the movement of easel painting and picture painting. Sometimes the same works as this latter delivers are included in it, if only they are executed on the walls and ceilings of a building primarily for ornamental purposes (wall and ceiling paintings, frescoes); but its main element consists of ornaments in the strict sense of the word, that is, beautiful combinations of geometric lines and figures, as well as forms of the plant and animal kingdom, fantasized or unchanged (for example, wall paintings in the houses of Pompeii, Moorish arabesques of the Alhambra, grotesques of Raphael's boxes in the Vatican and so on.). motives decorative painting changed depending on the historical course of culture and art different peoples, from the taste and architectural style that prevailed in given time. The French came into use the name in the 19th century decorative arts (fr. l'art décoratif) for various branches of handicraft production that need the help of art, such as the production of elegant furniture, carpets, lace, glass and pottery, jewelry, bronze, wallpaper and other items of luxury and comfort - in a word, for everything that is customary among the Germans call Kleinkünste or Kunstgewerbe, and in Russia - applied arts or the art industry.

Theater scenery

The word “scenery” is most often used to refer to theater accessories that are intended to create the illusion of a place in which the action performed on stage takes place. Therefore, theatrical scenery for the most part represents either landscapes or perspective views of streets, squares and the inside of buildings. They are painted with paints on canvas. The main components of every theatrical set are: veil And backstage. The first is hung at the back of the stage, extending across its entire width, and depicts everything that is in the background in the reproduced landscape or perspective; the curtains are pieces of linen, narrower in comparison with the curtain, stretched over a wooden binding and cut out at one edge in the appropriate manner; they are placed on the sides of the stage in two, three or several rows, one after the other, and represent closer objects, e.g. trees, rocks, houses, pilasters and other parts of the scene. The decorations are complemented by subarcs- pieces of canvas stretched across the entire stage at the top and depicting pieces of the sky, upper branches of trees, ceiling vaults, etc., and also praticables- various wooden platforms and platforms disguised with painted canvas, placed on the stage and representing, for example, stones, bridges, spurs of rocks, hanging galleries, stairs, etc.

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See what “Decoration” is in other dictionaries:

decoration- and, well. decoration f. 1. architect. Architectural, sculptural, pictorial, etc. decoration of a building. Sl. 18. The master will also observe the drawing or profile given by the architect, so as not to lose even the slightest proportion, for this is the best thing for the building... Historical Dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

DECORATION, scenery, women. (French decoration, lit. decoration). 1. A pictorial or architectural depiction of a place and setting theatrical action, installed on stage (theater). 2. portable, units only Something ostentatious, outwardly... ... Dictionary Ushakov

DECORATION, and, women. Installed on stage film set pictorial, three-dimensional or architectural depiction of a place and setting stage action. | adj. decorative, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949… … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Female, lat. decorations, decorations, furnishings; at the theater: view, location of the performance Decorative, related to the scenery. Male decorator an artist who paints scenery, views from a distance, decorations, furnishings, furnishings. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

In the broad sense of the word, any artistic decoration of an object or room. Hence the verb: to decorate, to produce artistic decoration, and the adjective decorative, used in the language of architecture, as opposed to the term... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Showcase. Jarg. business Deliberately increasing profits on the balance sheet to hide bad things. financial condition enterprises. BS, 44... Big dictionary of Russian sayings

For a production to be successful, it is important not only to choose the right actors. The atmosphere on stage is also created by the decorations. We can say that the scenery is as old as theater arts, because even the first productions used different props.

Hard and soft decorations

There are two types of decorations:

• hard.

Rigid structures are conventionally divided into flat and volumetric, but in fact there are many more varieties. The scenery can be staged and used by the actors during the performance. For example, various stairs, fences, tables can be used during the production. Unplayed scenery simply serves as a static background and creates an atmosphere and ambience.

Rigid decorations are made mainly from wood and duralumin. For wooden structures, inexpensive but durable coniferous wood is chosen. In some cases, it is appropriate to use light metals in the production of decorations.

Soft decorations are made from fabrics; they can be smooth, draped, picturesque, or contain appliqués. Velvet, canvas and tulle are the most popular materials on stage. Also today, synthetics and non-woven materials are used to produce products. They are practical and create the desired effect.

There are many ways to create theatrical sets, and they have been developed over centuries. Today nothing fundamentally new is being created in scenography - everything has already been invented in advance. However, new materials and technologies are emerging in the art of decoration.

The scenery on stage is usually multi-layered. This is not only the background behind the actors, but also all the necessary equipment. Even the curtain and backstage are considered decorations.

Inventory requirements

High-quality decorations meet several important requirements. It is important that they can be easily assembled and disassembled without losing the properties of the materials. There are products that are difficult to manufacture, but ideally decorations should be easy to manufacture. Then, if the product breaks down, it can be quickly restored.

Decorations need to be stored, and it is advisable that they do not take up too much space. Therefore, among the important qualities of structures are portability and mobility. Also, the decorations should be light and durable. This is not always possible when producing rigid props. However soft scenery meet these requirements 100%. To make them even lighter, modern materials began to be used for decoration.

Decorations have been used on stage for many years. In addition, they can be temporarily stored in a warehouse and even transported to other cities. That is why such strict requirements are imposed on products.

If the design is not practical, then its operation will require regular expenses. The scenery will have to be repaired, disassembled, transported to special conditions. It is possible that such equipment is used in theaters, but in rare cases when there is no alternative.

Practical decorations do not require extra costs and do not lose their properties for many years. In some cases, when producing a product, it is worth overpaying and ordering a design from more expensive materials, if this will extend its service life. However, with the advent of synthetics and non-woven materials, theaters can no longer overpay when making scenery.

How to create scenery

The scenery is created according to a preliminary sketch. Sketches are made by working out each scene in detail. All details are taken into account. The main decoration in the scenes is the background, followed by objects for the surroundings surrounding the participants in the action. The set designer begins to work with ready-made sketches, he creates a preliminary layout. A model is not a decoration yet, it is only a model.

By creating a layout, you can determine how accurately the size of the product is determined. In some cases, adjustments have to be made. That is why the scenery is created only after a trial layout has been made. The drawing is applied to the structure by an artist, whose actions are monitored by the director.

After preparing the layout, the product is sent to a specialized workshop where decorations are produced. Here the final product is created - a product that will decorate the stage. The model that is sent for production is usually a smaller version of the set. The craftsmen are faced with the task of reproducing the design in an enlarged size. Soft theatrical scenery is sometimes no easier to create than hard ones - it all depends on the characteristics of the product. Some decorations have many complex elements.

THEATER AND DECORATION ART

Theatrical and decorative art (often also called scenography) - type fine arts related to artistic design theatrical performance, that is, creation on theater stage the living environment in which the heroes of a dramatic or musical-dramatic work act, as well as the appearance of these heroes themselves. The main elements of theatrical and decorative art - scenery, lighting, props and props, costumes and makeup of actors - constitute a single artistic whole, expressing the meaning and character of the stage action, subordinated to the concept of the performance. Theatrical and decorative art is closely related to the development of the theater. Stage performances without elements of artistic design are an exception.

The basis of the artistic design of the performance is the scenery depicting the place and time of the action. The specific form of scenery (composition, color scheme, etc.) is determined not only by the content of the action, but also by its external conditions (more or less rapid changes in the scene of action, the peculiarities of perception of the scenery from auditorium, combining it with certain lighting, etc.).

The image embodied on stage is initially created by the artist in a sketch or model. The path from sketch to layout and stage design is associated with the search for the greatest expressiveness of the scenery and its artistic completeness. In the works of the best theater artists the sketch is important not only for the working plan of stage design, but also for an independent work of art.

A. N. Benois. Scenery sketch

1953. Paper, gouache, watercolor, pencil.

A. N. Benois. Scenery sketch
to P. I. Tchaikovsky's ballet "The Sleeping Beauty".
1953. Paper, gouache, watercolor, pencil.

Theatrical scenery includes stage framing, a special curtain (or curtains), visual design stage space scenes, backstage, background, etc. The ways of depicting the living environment on stage are varied. In the traditions of Russian realistic art, pictorial solutions predominate. In this case, written planar elements are usually combined with constructed ones (volumetric or semi-volumetric) into a holistic image, creating the illusion of a single spatial environment actions. But the basis of the decoration can also be figurative and expressive structures, projections, draperies, screens, etc., as well as a combination various ways Images. The development of stage technology and the expansion of methods of depiction do not, however, negate the importance of painting as the basis of theatrical and decorative art in general. The choice of image method in each individual case is determined by the specific content, genre and style of the work embodied on stage.

Suits actors, created by the artist in unity with the scenery, characterize social, national, individual characteristics heroes of the play. They correspond in color to the decorations (“fit” into big picture), and in a ballet performance they also have a special “dance” specificity (they must be comfortable and light and emphasize dance movements).

With the help of lighting, not only a clear visibility (visibility, “readability”) of the scenery is achieved, but also various seasons and days, illusions are depicted natural phenomena(snow, rain, etc.). Color lighting effects can create a feeling of a certain emotional atmosphere of stage action.

Theatrical and decorative art changes with development artistic culture generally. It depends on the dominant artistic style, on the type of dramaturgy, on the state visual arts, as well as from the arrangement of theater premises and stages, from lighting technology and many other specific historical conditions.

A. M. Vasnetsov. Scenery sketch for the opera by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov

1906.

A. M. Vasnetsov. Scenery sketch for the opera by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov
"The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia."
1906.

Theatrical and decorative art in Russia reached a high level of development in turn of XIX-XX centuries, when outstanding artists came to the theater. They brought great pictorial culture to the design of performances, sought the artistic integrity of stage action, the organic participation of fine art in it, the unity of scenery, lighting and costumes with drama and music. These were artists who first worked at the Mamontov Opera (V. M. Vasnetsov, V. D. Polenov, M. A. Vrubel, etc.), then at the Moscow Opera Art Theater(V. A. Simov and others), in the imperial musical theaters(K. A. Korovin, A. Ya. Golovin), Diaghilev’s “Russian Seasons” (A. N. Benois, L. S. Bakst, N. K. Roerich, etc.). A powerful incentive for the development of theatrical and decorative art was given creative search advanced directing (K. S. Stanislavsky, V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, V. E. Meyerhold, choreographers M. M. Fokin and A. A. Gorsky).

Artists also participate in the creation of films, television plays, variety and circus performances. Spectacular arts are perceived by millions of viewers, and therefore the role of the artist here is very responsible.

Work on the decoration begins with drawing up a sketch. First, general sketches of the main scenes are prepared, where the set designer determines appearance performance. Then the sequence of individual paintings is worked through. Finally, based on the general sketch, the artist builds a three-dimensional layout of the stage design, and also develops sketches of individual parts of the design - the backdrop, volumetric part, backstage decorations. The layout of individual elements and their future sizes and volumetric ratios are worked out on the layout.

Usually the artist works on the layout together with the director of the performance. Only after the director's image of the production is determined does the development of individual parts of the set begin. Simultaneously with the layout, a sketch of the backdrop and side panels are being developed. Large-scale copies are made with exact observance of all ratios.

Based on them, real decorations are made in the decoration workshop. First, three-dimensional structures and a backdrop are built. As a rule, the artist arranges several viewings, parts of the scenery are mounted on stage to check the volumetric relationships and the choice of sizes. As a result of preliminary installations, changes are made. Sometimes you have to enlarge the backdrop design or introduce certain color details on it.

When the process of creating the main volumetric details is completed, the design of the scene begins. Carpets, curtains, chandeliers, and pieces of furniture are made according to the sketches of the decorative artist. At this stage, the set designer works with the costume designer. During preliminary installations, the color ratio of all design elements is checked, final stage preparation, the lighting designer also begins to participate in the work.

He places stationary and mobile lights, highlighting some elements of the decoration and shading others.