Diaries of Ataman V.G. Naumenko, as a source on the history of the Civil War and the relationship of the Kuban Cossacks with General P.N. Wrangel. Free electronic library Naumenko G.M. Wonderful box. Russian folk songs, fairy tales, games, riddles

This tragic page The lives of the Cossacks and everyone “in the scattering of those who exist” will forever remain a grave sin on the conscience of the “cultural” West.

Most of these people, starting in 1917, waged an armed struggle against communism. Some were forced to emigrate from Russia in 1920 and continued their participation in the campaign against the Bolsheviks with the outbreak of World War II in Europe.

Others, who experienced decossackization and famine in the USSR, “black boards” and repressions of the twenties and thirties, resisted with the arrival of the Germans on the Cossack lands in 1942 Soviet power and retreated with German troops in 1943, leaving in tens of thousands along with their families, well aware of what awaited them as a result of “liberation.”

As the Red Army advanced into Europe, the Cossacks sought further and further to the West, hoping that they would eventually find themselves in territory occupied by US and British troops, whose governments would provide them with shelter as political refugees. However, hopes were in vain.

The Bolsheviks regarded the Cossacks as the most dangerous enemies for themselves and compromised them in every possible way, seeking wholesale extradition from the allies.

By the time of the end of World War II in Germany and Austria, as well as, partially, in France, Italy, Czechoslovakia and some other countries Western Europe, according to the Main Directorate of Cossack Troops (GUKV), there were up to 110 thousand Cossacks.

Of these, over 20 thousand, including old people, women and children, are in the Cossack Camp of the Marching Ataman T.I. Domanov, in southern Austria, on the banks of the Drava River near Lienz.

Up to 45 thousand people made up the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps (15th KKK) under the command of Lieutenant General Helmut von Pannwitz, concentrated in southern Austria, north of the city of Klagenfurt.

Many Cossacks in the form of individual hundreds, squadrons, companies, platoons and teams were located in different German units, and were also scattered throughout Germany and Austria, in German military institutions, in factories, in the “Todt organization”, in work among peasants, etc. .d.

In addition, they were members of the Cossack Regiment and individually in units of the Russian Corps and thousands - in the Russian Liberation Army(ROA) General A. A. Vlasov, not allocated to separate Cossack units.

Almost all the Cossacks were handed over to suffer torment and death. The Austrian city of Lienz became the symbol of the tragedy. last days May - early June 1945.

Over the past ten years, a number of works on this topic have been published in our country (this was done abroad much earlier, as will be discussed below).

But few people know that the first book published in Russian about the Lienz tragedy and everything connected with it was the work of the General Staff of Major General V. G. Naumenko “The Great Betrayal”, published in New York (1- 1st volume - 1962, 2nd - 1970). He began collecting materials for this book in the form of testimonies of direct participants and victims of the joint action of the Allies and the Soviets in July 1945.

Publishing them as they were received in “Informations” on a rotator in the camps of Kempten, Fussen and Memmingen (American zone of occupation in Germany), and then in the form of periodic “Collections on the forced rendition of Cossacks in Lienz and other places,” General Naumenko carried out his work in for 15 years, punching a hole in the veil of lies. These materials became the basis, and the view from inside the events - the main advantage of this work.

The first part of the book tells about the extradition of the inhabitants of the Cossack Stan to the Bolsheviks, terrible in its cruelty. The Cossacks traveled thousands of kilometers - from the banks of the Don, Kuban and Terek to Alpine mountains- on horseback, in carts and on foot, from the birthplace of the Cossack Stan, a military camp in the village of Grechany (six kilometers from the city of Proskurov) - to their Golgotha ​​on the banks of the Drava.

The Red Command received more than 2,200 officers from Cossack Stan alone, who were invited “to a conference” on May 28, 1945. The remaining defenseless and unarmed elderly, women and children were subjected to violence by armed British soldiers.

The Cossacks were not as strong as a quarter of a century ago. Physical and moral extermination, a long stay in prisons and camps of the USSR (as one of those extradited said: “I lived in the Soviets for 25 years, ten of them were in prison, and fifteen were wanted, so I absolutely don’t trust them”) undermined them former power. But even beheaded, without their officers and combat Cossacks, they put up stubborn resistance: they were killed and wounded by British soldiers, crushed by tanks, hanged in the forest and drowned in the river.

The second part contains a continuation of materials about the betrayal of the allies on the Drava River, in other places - in Italy, France and England, about the forced surrender of the ranks of the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps of General Pannwitz, who voluntarily remained with his Cossacks.

The same fate befell the North Caucasian highlanders, whose camp was located near the Cossack Stan.

Cases of extradition of some groups and persons not belonging to the Cossacks are given. These included violent actions against the Serbian Chetniks led by Generals Musicki and Rupnik and sending them to Tito's partisans.

Cases of “technical” extradition of people are typical, for example, the “Varyag” regiment under the command of Colonel M.A. Semenov in Italy. There were also Cossacks in the ranks of this regiment.

Being one of the four members of the GUKV since its creation in March 1944, at times replacing the head of the Directorate, cavalry general P. N. Krasnov, V. G. Naumenko had sufficient information and was one of the main characters those events.

He identified the first victims of the tragedy. He spoke about the bloody arrest of Colonel of the Terek Troops, member of the GUKV N.L. Kulakov, about the actions against the Cossacks even before they were sent to Soviet concentration camps: according to the testimony of the Austrians - workers of the suburb of Judenburg, in June-July 1945 at a huge steel mill, dismantled and empty , executions were carried out day and night; then suddenly smoke began to pour out of its chimneys. The plant “worked” for five and a half days...

In all renditions, conscious enemies of the Soviet regime appeared before the Reds, who, upon returning “home”, were awaited scattered throughout the country concentration camps, thirty years ago and did not exist on the map Russian Empire. Millions of prisoners of war, who never existed and could not exist in the history of the Russian Army, were also waiting for the camp.

One of the oldest generals of the Volunteerism, Kuban Military Ataman from 1920 to 1958, V. G. Naumenko corresponded with many people - from an ordinary Cossack to British Prime Minister W. Churchill.

It’s a paradox of history (probably “English”), but Churchill, being an ally of the White armies in the fight against the Bolsheviks in the civil war on Russian territory, a quarter of a century later, having signed the Yalta agreements, became the culprit of handing over millions of people to the Soviets, tens of thousands of whom were white warriors :

“... On a multimillion-dollar bloody account that began with a vile murder Royal family, the immeasurable poison of Yalta was also introduced - endless forced repatriations.

By all means, distorting the points of the Yalta agreement, slyly and cunningly taking advantage of the ignorance of the allies, the Bolsheviks brought their former opponents - participants in the White movement - to the bloody conclusion of this account.

These enemies were old, persecuted for almost three decades, necessary for retribution, having previously escaped the hands of the “Chekrevychkas”. The enemies were seasoned, irreconcilable counter-revolutionaries of 1917–1922. White Guards of all stripes, all White armies. There were Denikinites, Mamontovites, Krasnovites, Shkurinites, Kolchakites, Hetmanites, Petliuraites, Makhnovists, Kutepovites - all who went through the difficult path of emigration life, through the death islands of the Princes, Lemnos, Cyprus. They all passed and carried with them intransigence. Having experienced the affection and bitterness of welcoming foreign states and kingdoms, the heat of the colonial islands and the cold of the northern dominions. They all went through the school... of harsh life in foreign countries, and they all loved their homeland, just as they hated those temporary enslavers with whom now, on the verge of death, they had to meet again, but not in open battle, but defenseless, betrayed by the blatant injustice of Yalta... »

Naumenko Georgy Markovich (1945, Moscow) - folklorist-musicologist, ethnographer, writer.

Has musical and Teacher Education. Member of the Union of Composers of Russia. All creative activity dedicated to collecting and studying Russian musical and poetic folklore. He most actively traveled on creative expeditions to various regions of Russia and recorded works folk art.

He has published more than a hundred books and music collections. They published several thousand works of folklore. Of great interest author's creativity Naumenko.

Popular among young readers are his many, written in folklore style: fairy tales, horror stories, poems for children. He is also the author of fundamental popular science, philosophical, religious and esoteric books: “Secrets of Consciousness”; "Aliens and Earthlings"; "All about UFOs"; “The obvious about the secret. The science of the birth, deeds, and resurrection of Christ"; " Great mystery being"; "Aliens from the Past."

) - Russian folklorist-musicologist, ethnographer, writer. Member of the Union of Composers of Russia and the Union of Moscow Writers.

Has a musical and pedagogical education. He devoted all his creative activity to collecting and studying Russian musical and poetic folklore. He most actively traveled on creative expeditions to various regions of Russia and recorded works of folk art from 1967 to 1994. He has published more than a hundred books and music collections. They published several thousand works of folklore.

In Russian folklore, G. M. Naumenko is given special role- collector, researcher and popularizer of children's musical and poetic folklore. Naumenko showed in his publications and research all the richness and diversity children's folklore. Opened until now unknown genres children's folk works musical creativity and folklore for children. For the first time, birthing and christening songs, nursery rhymes and nursery rhymes, fairy tales with tunes, melodized tongue twisters, children's spells and fortune telling, onomatopoeia to the voices of birds and songs about animals, children's ritual, instrumental and choreographic music were published with notes. The creativity of adults for children was revealed in all its fullness and beauty, a phenomenon of enormous importance, a whole layer of folklore. Its main function is the upbringing and development of the child - physical, artistic, aesthetic.

Naumenko's creative work is of great interest. Numerous stories written in folklore style have been published for young readers: fairy tales, horror stories, funny stories, poems for children. Here are some of them: “A large anthology of mythological and fairy tale characters for children". M.: Astrel, AST, 2008; "All Slavic mythology", 2004; “Children's Funny Makers”, 2006. In the series of books “Your Horror”, five books were published by AST Publishing House: “Dead Man’s Well”, 2000; "Dragon's Claw", 2001; "Ghosts of the Night", 2001; “Spirits of the Black Forest, 2001; Black Skull, 2002.

Bibliography

Naumenko G. M. Russian folk tales, tongue twisters and riddles with tunes. M.: Soviet composer, 1977.

Naumenko G. M. Zhavoronushki: Russian songs, jokes, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, fairy tales, games. M.: Soviet composer. Vol. I. - 1977; Vol. II. - 1981; Vol. III. - 1984; Vol. IV. - 1986; Vol. V. - 1988.

Naumenko G. M. Rodnichok. Russians folk songs, games, fairy tales. M.: Muzyka, 1980.

Naumenko G. M. Gulenki. Russian folk jokes, nicknames, sayings. M.: Malysh, 1982.

Naumenko G. M. Shut, Thomas and Erema, soldier, Poshekhontsy and others... Russian folk humor. M.: Children's literature, 1984.

Naumenko G. M. Rain, rain, stop! Russian folk children's musical creativity. M.: Soviet Composer, 1988.

Naumenko G. M. Wonderful box. Russian folk songs, fairy tales, games, riddles. M.: Children's literature, 1988.

Naumenko G. M. Kitten-cat. Russian folk children's songs. M.: Dom, 1990.

Naumenko G. M. Golden sickle. Russian folk tales. M.: Malysh, 1993.

Naumenko G. M. Bucket sun: Children's musical folklore Arkhangelsk region. Arkhangelsk: White Room, 1994.

Naumenko G. M. Folklore alphabet. M.: Academy, 1996.

Naumenko G. M. Velizh songs. Musical folklore of the Smolensk region. M.: Guslyar, 1997.

Naumenko G. M. Russian children's horror stories. M.: Classic Plus, 1997.

Naumenko G. M. Ethnography of childhood. M.: Belovodye, 1998.

Naumenko G. M. Children's musical folklore. M.: Composer, 1999.

Naumenko G. M. Children's horror films. M.: Planet of Childhood, Astrel, AST, 1999.

Naumenko G. M. Folklore holiday V kindergarten and at school. M.: LINKA-PRESS, 2000.

Naumenko G. M. Riddles, proverbs, tongue twisters. M.: Astrel, AST, 2000.

Naumenko G. M. Dead Man's Well. M.: Planet of Childhood, Astrel, AST, 2000.

Naumenko G. M. Folk wisdom and knowledge about the child. Ethnography of childhood. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. Children's folk poetry. Records 1967-1994 M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. Russian folk children's songs and fairy tales with tunes. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. National holidays, rituals and seasons in songs and fairy tales. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. cat Baiyun, Baba Yaga and their friends. Folk tales, riddles, horror stories, teasers, funny stories, fables, tongue twisters. M.: Bustard, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. Dragon's Claw. M.: Planet of Childhood, Astrel, AST, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. Ghosts of the night. M.: Planet of Childhood, Astrel, AST, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. Spirits of the Black Forest. M.: Planet of Childhood, Astrel, AST, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. New Year- round dance around the tree. M.: Kifara, 2001.

Naumenko G. M. Black skull. M.: Planet of Childhood, Astrel, AST, 2002.

Naumenko G. M. A scary book for brave kids. M.: Globulus, 2002.

Naumenko G. M. Youth gatherings. M.: Rifme, 2002.

Naumenko G. M. Secrets of consciousness. The path to health. M.: Aletheya, 2002.

Naumenko G. M. From Christmas to Intercession. Folk spiritual songs. M.: Kifara, 2002.

Naumenko G. M. Russian folk children's games with tunes. M.: Liberea, 2003.

Naumenko G. M. Games, signs, proverbs, and riddles. M.: Astrel, AST, 2003.

Naumenko G. M. Kotinka-cat. Lullabies, nursery rhymes, jokes. M., OLMA-PRESS Education, 2003.

Naumenko G. M. Holidays in folk traditions. M.: Rifme, 2004.

Naumenko G. M. Fortune-telling, carols, spring flowers, Russian songs and fairy tales. M.: Astrel, AST, 2004.

Naumenko G. M. All Slavic mythology. M.: Astrel, AST, Lux, 2004.

Naumenko G. M. Children's mixers. M.: Astrel, AST, Lux, 2006.

Naumenko G. M. People's Pantry. M.: Rifme, 2007.

Naumenko G. M. Aliens and earthlings. Evidence of contacts. M.: Hobby-book, AST, 2007.

Naumenko G. M. All about UFOs. Truths and lies about aliens. M.: Hobby-book, AST, 2007.

Naumenko G. M. Tales, songs, proverbs, games of the peoples of Russia. M.: Astrel, AST, 2007.

Naumenko G. M. Explicit about the secret. The science of the birth, deeds, and resurrection of Christ. M.: Belovodye, 2008.

Naumenko G. M. A large anthology of mythological and fairy-tale characters for children. M.: Astrel, AST, 2008.

Naumenko G. M. Encyclopedia of practical esotericism. M.: Hobby-book, AST, 2009.

Naumenko G. M. Aliens from the past. M.: VECHE, 2009.

Naumenko G. M. The Great Mystery of Being. M.: Belovodye, 2009.

Naumenko G. M. A large anthology of folk children's songs, riddles, fairy tales, games, jokes... M.: Astrel, AST, 2009.

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See what "Naumenko G.M." is in other dictionaries:

NAUMENKOV NAUMKIN NAUMCHENKO NAUMCHIK NAUMSHIN NAUMYCHEV From the baptismal name Naum (from other Hebrew, comforting) and its derivative forms. (Source: “Dictionary of Russian surnames.” (“Onomasticon”)) ... Russian surnames

Mike Naumenko Date of birth April 18, 1955 Place of birth Leningrad Date of death August 27, 1991 Place of death ... Wikipedia Naumenko An ambiguous term meaning the following: Ukrainian surname Naumenko, Alexander Anatolyevich (born 1956) Russian Opera singer

(bass) Naumenko, Vladimir Pavlovich (1852 1919) Ukrainian teacher, learned philologist, journalist... ... Wikipedia

Auto. brochure on beekeeping (Ekaterinoslav, 1900). (Vengerov) ... Doctor, b. 1860. (Vengerov) ...

Large biographical encyclopedia Doctor, b. 1860. (Vengerov) ...

Ed. collection "Crow" (M., 1910). (Vengerov) ... I Naumenko Ivan Yakovlevich (b. 16.2.1925, village of Vasilevichi, now Rechitsa district, Gomel region), Belarusian Soviet writer , literary critic, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR (1972). Member of the CPSU since 1948. Born into a working-class family. Graduated... ... Big

- (Vladimir Pavlovich) writer, from an old Cossack family in the Poltava province; genus. in 1852; graduated from the Kyiv University course in the Faculty of History and Philology, is a teacher at Kyiv gymnasiums, and since 1893 editor of the Kyiv Antiquity... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

NAUMENKO- Vyacheslav Grigorievich (cub.) b. February 25 (O.S.) 1883, Art. Petrovskaya; general Kuban Ataman. He graduated from the Voronezh Cadet Corps and from the cadet belts of the Nikolaev Cavalry School with the rank of cornet was released for service in the 1st... ... Cossack dictionary-reference book

Naumenko I. Ya.- NAUMENKO Ivan Yakovlevich (b. 1925), Belarusian. writer, literary critic. Op. preim. from the life of youth: tril. Pine on the Road (1962), Wind in the Pines (1967), Forty-Third (1973); rum The Dreamer (1985), collections of stories and novellas, incl. Our poplars... Biographical Dictionary

Books

• Art. Music. 5th grade. Diary of musical observations for the textbook by T. I. Naumenko, V. V. Aleeva. Vertical. Federal State Educational Standard, Naumenko T.I.. `Diary of Musical Observations` is a didactic addition to the textbook `Art. Music. 5th grade` (M.: Bustard) for educational institutions various types. The textbook corresponds...

The funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive in Moscow and the State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory contain documents about the life and activities of the famous Russian general imperial army Vyacheslav Grigorievich Naumenko (1883-1979). Historical documents they talk about him as a brilliant officer and famous military general during the First World War.

V.G. Naumenko came from the family of a military foreman of the village of Petrovskaya Kuban region; nobleman, graduated from the Voronezh Cadet Corps, then the Nikolaev Cavalry School in St. Petersburg. In 1903 he was sent to serve in the 1st Poltava Cossack Regiment, in 1911 he entered the Military Academy, after which he was sent to the General Staff. At the beginning of the First World War, he served in the 1st Kuban Cossack Division, took part in battles from August 1914 to January 1917, and was awarded military orders and the St. George's Arms.

In November 1917, he arrived in Yekaterinodar and was appointed chief of staff, then commander of the troops of the Kuban region; participant of the 1st and 2nd Kuban campaigns. The honor of liberating Yekaterinodar on August 2, 1918 from the Bolsheviks belongs to V.G. Naumenko and his Kornilovsky cavalry regiment.

Naumenko’s brilliant service in combat units, valiant command of a regiment, brigade and corps, successful activity as chief of staff, commander of the troops of the Kuban region, member of the Kuban regional government and marching ataman of the Kuban Cossack army naturally promoted him in the years Civil War among the major figures of the White movement.

The most valuable source on the history of the Civil War in the South of Russia are the diaries of General Naumenko, which he kept from 1918 to 1953. In 2000, the diaries were transferred for storage to the State Archive of the Krasnodar Territory by the daughter of General Natalia Vyacheslavovna Nazarenko.1 Natalia Vyacheslavovna was born in August 1919 in the city of Yekaterinodar, now lives in the Russian monastery of New Diveevo, in the state of New York (USA).

In total, the collection of V.G. Naumenko’s diaries consists of 42 notebooks. Thematically, the contents of the diaries can be divided into 4 sections. The first diaries date back to the period of the Civil War and evacuation to Crimea in 1918-1920. They were written mainly in pencil, in field conditions, the text on many pages is already fading. Among the military operations of the Volunteer Army, the battles for Yekaterinodar in August 1918, the Ulagai landing in August 1920, and the Trans-Dnieper operation in the fall of 1920 are described.

The second section is devoted to the life and activities in the 1920-1930s in exile - Fr. Lemnos, Serbia. The third section – 1941-1949. The events of World War II, the rescue of the Regalia of the Kuban Cossack Army, and the organization of the movement of Cossacks from Europe to the USA, Australia and other countries are described. The diaries of the fourth section contain descriptions of the organization of life and activities of the Kuban Cossacks in the USA.

In diaries dating back to the period of the Civil War, Naumenko analyzes the failures of the defeat of the White Army, the relationship between individuals. He partially published excerpts from these diaries in Serbia in 1924 under the pseudonym V. Melnikovsky.2

This maiden name his mother, the daughter of a military judge of the Kuban Cossack army. Special place in the diaries for 1920, the relationship between the Kuban Cossacks and General Naumenko personally with the Commander-in-Chief of the AFSR, General P.N. Wrangel, is devoted. Each notebook of diaries begins with an epigraph: “What my eyes saw and my ears heard.”

General Wrangel arrived in Yekaterinodar on August 25, 1918. In his memoirs, he described the situation in the city, at the headquarters of the army commander, General A.I. Denikin, his appointment as command of the 1st Cavalry Division and the first meeting with Naumenko in the battle near the village of Temirgoevskaya, Maykop department on August 29.

Here is what Wrangel wrote: “Of the two brigade commanders, I had an excellent assistant in the person of the commander of the 1st brigade of the general staff, Colonel Naumenko, a brave and capable officer.”3

Wrangel, describing the battles and defeat of the Red Army in the Kuban, repeatedly mentions the merits of General Naumenko, his talent and courage, calling him “a most worthy and brilliant officer,” whom he nominated for promotion to major general.4 During this period, General Naumenko led a large organizational work to create the Kuban Army, which did not find support from the Commander-in-Chief, General Denikin.5

Judging by Naumenko's diaries, Wrangel had a negative attitude towards the idea of ​​​​autonomy for the Kuban Cossacks and the creation of the Kuban army. In April 1920, he made a major mistake when, at the request of Ataman N.A. Bukretov, he gave the order to recall military generals Ulagai, Shkuro, Babiev and Naumenko from senior command positions in the Kuban Army.

This is how this situation is described in Naumenko’s diary: “On April 10, 1920, he received an appointment to arrive in Sochi, where General Ulagai and the Terek ataman arrived. Here Ulagai and Shkuro spoke about the state of affairs. Atamans Donskoy and Tersky decided to transport their Cossacks to Crimea. Ulagai insisted on the transfer of the Kuban residents, but Bukretov categorically opposed this, saying that not a single Kuban resident would go to Crimea. Then Ulagai refused command of the army and Bukretov took it over, who stated that the Kuban army was combat-ready, in excellent spirits and ready to fight, but the whole thing was being slowed down by Shkuro, Babiev, Naumenko, whose presence in the army was not desirable. As a result, General Wrangel gave the order to recall us to his disposal. Moreover, Ulagai added that Bukretov wants us to leave before his arrival in Sochi. So, we, the Cossacks - Ulagai, Shkuro, Babiev and I, are out of work, and we were replaced - Bukretov, Morozov.”6

For the generals recalled to Crimea by Wrangel, as well as for the entire army, this came as a complete surprise. The army was beheaded.

V.G. Naumenko traveled to Sevastopol on an English ship. “We came to Yalta,” Vyacheslav Grigorievich writes in his diary, “on April 14 in the evening. We spent the night at sea. In the evening they brought a gramophone onto the deck, which played some strange dances, and the English danced. At 11 pm we had dinner, but our officers were not invited to this dinner. This trip gave me the most unpleasant impression. The British don’t regard us Russians at all. I don’t know how I’ll feel abroad, but I’ll have to go there.

In Yalta I stopped at 6 Boulevard Street. I saw little of Yalta, but made a good impression. On the 17th at 8.30 we arrived in Sevastopol. The first person I met was General Shatalov. He talked about the state of affairs, and, among other things, said that after his death, copies of letters to me were found among Romanovsky’s papers and showed one of them. This means there was surveillance... From all the conversations I came to the conclusion that there was no unanimity at the headquarters and that there was also no confidence that Crimea would be retained. I am convinced that the help of allies gives little. There are a lot of neutral ships in the bay, but they are all more curious.”7

In Sevastopol, having met with generals Shkuro, Babiev and his staff officer Tobin, Naumenko learned about the events of April 17-19 in Adler and the surrender of the Kuban army of 34 thousand Cossacks to the Bolsheviks by Ataman Bukretov and General Morozov. Bukretov himself fled to Georgia, handing over the Ataman's mace to the Chairman of the Regional Government V.N. Ivanis. “To everyone’s surprise,” wrote Naumenko, “General Wrangel received Ivanis in Crimea very kindly.”8

From Naumenko’s diary: “Tobin said that after the surrender the Reds immediately separated the Cossacks from the officers, ordered them to drop their weapons, and then began to rob everyone. The Cossacks were indignant, a fight broke out, and as a result, some of the Cossacks mounted their horses and left. Bukretov and the Reds tried to hide the arrival of the transports from the Cossacks, as a result of which many who wanted to board remained. The most outrageous behavior of all was Morozov, who went to negotiations with the Bolsheviks with a red bow on his chest. Thus ended the struggle of the Kuban people in the Caucasus. The Cossacks were sold by Bukretov, Morozov and now it is clear that the commander-in-chief made a big mistake by succumbing to Bukretov’s tricks. As soon as we left, peace negotiations began, and there was no one to support the confused Cossacks.”9

IN diary entries for April 17-18, 1920, descriptions of Naumenko’s meetings are given, both with the Kuban people and with officers of Wrangel’s headquarters, eyewitness accounts of tragic death Kuban army. The first meeting with Wrangel, which took place on April 18, is described: “I visited Wrangel in the evening, but he asked to come in tomorrow at 7 o’clock in the evening, since the conversation would be long, and its time was scheduled by the hour. He asked me if I had received his letter in which he informed me about his departure abroad. Not received. Obviously, it is like last letter Shatilov, intercepted by Romanovsky's agents. After Wrangel, I visited Colonel Danilov, who told me about our recall to the command of the commander-in-chief and that at the same time the ataman had given an order to prohibit any member of the army from leaving with us. This made a depressing impression, since many officers and Cossacks were planning to leave with us for Crimea.”10

The next day, Wrangel and Naumenko had a detailed conversation: “I just returned from General Wrangel on the evening of April 19th. He invited me to take a staff position, but I asked to be given the opportunity to visit home. When I said that if the family’s situation was difficult, I intended to move her here, he said that it was dangerous. Regarding the Kuban people, his proposals were to transfer them here, organize them, and in about two months transfer them to the Taman Peninsula. General Wrangel believes in an uprising in the Kuban, but I believe that it is impossible now. The performance is possible in July or August, i.e. after harvesting the grain that the Bolsheviks wish to socialize. Wrangel told me about his conversations with Bukretov, he constantly complained about Kuban generals that we are a hindrance to everything. Wrangel finds that now is the time to throw Bukretov out of the atamanship and accept this position for me. I categorically refused.”11

In the evening, April 22, General Babiev arrived in Sevastopol, who outlined in detail the events of the surrender of the Kuban Army: “With this information,” continues Naumenko, “the three of us, Bogaevsky, Babiev and I, went to Wrangel. He received us immediately and said that he had received information about this from the British and that the situation was far from so bad, that the best units, numbering 9 thousand people, were sailing to Feodosia, some of the Cossacks had gone to Georgia, some to the mountains and Krasnaya Polyana, and only a small part surrendered to the Bolsheviks (34 thousand) - this is an insignificant part! Here we discussed the question of what to do next and decided, perhaps, to organize the Kuban people as soon as possible.”12

In the summer of 1920, Naumenko took part as commander of the 2nd Corps in the failed landing of General Ulagai on Kuban. From the diary: “We left Kuban on August 24 at 6 pm, taking everything we could. They left behind several hundred carts and up to 100 horses, for which there was no room on the ships. We lost about 3,000 people (700 killed, the rest wounded). They came from Kuban with more members than they left. There were 14,000 people, it became 17,000. There were 4 thousand horses, there were about 7. There were 28 guns, there were 36. From Achuev, the troops were transported to Kerch, Babiev was sent to Northern Tavria, the Kuban government - to Feodosia. Filimonov immediately left for Bulgaria. On August 27, I left Kerch for Sevastopol. In the morning I visited Wrangel. He accepted it kindly, but with a concerned look. He attributes the main reason for the failure in Kuban wrong actions Laying down. I disagreed with him and pointed out that the main reason I consider the preparation on the part of the commander-in-chief’s staff to be unsatisfactory.”13

The diary entries provide quite a few examples testifying to Wrangel’s ambition and his insincerity both in relation to General Naumenko and to the Kuban Cossacks in general. Thus, in September 1920, Naumenko wrote with great disappointment and bitterness about Wrangel’s policies: “Having considered the situation of the Kuban issue and the attitude of the high command towards it, I came to the conclusion that Ivanis is beneficial to the high command, with him they hope to take the Cossacks into their own hands. The details are noteworthy: Ulagaya is kept in the shadows, Tkachev as an ataman is considered completely impossible. The organizations do not allow me to be involved in the case.”14

In November 1920, V.G. Naumenko, wounded in last battles on the Dnieper, was evacuated to Serbia. Meanwhile, on the island of Lemnos, on November 19, where up to 18 thousand Cossacks were concentrated, all available members of the Rada gathered, and General Naumenko was elected Kuban ataman. Member of the Lemnos Rada D.E. Skobtsov telegraphed him about this. Entry in the diary: “Today I received a telegram from Skobtsov about my election as atamans. I'll have to agree, because in this hard times you can't refuse. The Kuban people are completely in a rut.”15

In January 1921, 10 meetings between General Wrangel and Naumenko took place, during which Wrangel put forward such options for organizing the Cossack troops, which, from Naumenko’s point of view, could only disperse the Cossacks. Each meeting with Wrangel ended with a demand to introduce the leading role of the commander-in-chief in the declaration on the Union of the three Cossack armies - Don, Kuban and Terek - proposed by Naumenko. V.G. Naumenko noted in his diary, “that, being a talented commander, he is surprisingly frivolous in other respects.” At one of the meetings in Constantinople in January 1921, discussing the failures of the landing on the Kuban, Wrangel said: “This is for the best, after this failure the Cossacks must understand that they cannot do anything. He will prepare the next landing differently and with more non-Cossack units.”16

In 1921, the Kuban Cossacks, more than 12 thousand, were transported from the island of Lemnos to Yugoslavia, and from there they settled in many countries.

In 1923 there was a final break between Naumenko and Wrangel. Naumenko wrote down Wrangel's words regarding the relationship with Kuban Cossacks: “Let history judge us on this matter.”17

According to the memoirs of V.G. Naumenko’s daughter, in 1923-1924. conducted correspondence with P.N. Wrangel, in which issues of failures and defeats during the Civil War and the fate of the Cossacks in emigration were discussed. In 1979, the letters were transferred by Natalia Vyacheslavovna for storage to the Kuban Military Museum, which is located in the state of New Jersey. Unfortunately, the author was unable to find them. Apparently, the letters were not preserved in the museum. According to the memoirs of Natalia Vyacheslavovna, Naumenko, back in Russia, sharply opposed Wrangel’s idea of ​​leaving most Cossacks in 1920 in the Kuban to organize resistance and uprisings. In exile, Naumenko also spoke out against being sent to Soviet Russia military graduates educational institutions, where they almost all died.

General Naumenko and his family carried the name of the Russian citizen with honor and dignity throughout all the years of emigration, both in Serbia and in the USA. Naumenko did not accept citizenship of the states in which he lived in exile, although this was repeatedly offered to him. The answer was always the same - “I was born and served Russia, and I will die a Russian citizen.” In emigration, the ataman was not only famous public figure, writer, published the Kuban Literary and historical collection, but also created Cossack museums in Belgrade and New York, where Cossack regalia and relics were kept.

Researchers, historians, biographers and contemporaries note huge role Naumenko in the preservation of Russian military-historical traditions by the Kuban Cossacks in exile. Documents from the archives of Russian emigration, abroad and in Russian Federation, indicate that V.G. Naumenko has always been a supporter of a united and indivisible Russia and waged an irreconcilable struggle against the independent movement in exile.

On the pages of the diaries and memoirs there remained the bitterness of defeat, the sadness of abandoned Russia, the disputes and disagreements of these two generals of the Russian army, who were never able to unite their efforts in the fight against the Bolsheviks.

Georgy Markovich Naumenko was born in Moscow in 1945. Has a musical and pedagogical education. Member of the Union of Composers of Russia. He devoted all his creative activity to collecting and studying Russian musical and poetic folklore. He most actively traveled on creative expeditions to various regions of Russia and recorded works of folk art from 1967 to 1994. G.M. Naumenko is known as a folklorist, musicologist, ethnographer, and writer. He has published more than a hundred books and music collections. They published several thousand works of folklore. Naumenko's creative work is of great interest.