The mastery of depicting nature in one of the works of Russian literature of the 20th century. (V.P. Astafiev. “The Tsar Fish.”). How does V. Astafiev’s story “The King Fish” reinterpret the well-known thesis about man as the “king of nature”
Lesson topic:
The purpose of the lesson:
to identify moral laws that determine the relationship between man and the world in which he lives, laws that ensure the viability of our “single human community.”
Lesson type:
lesson - conversation
During the classes
Organizing time.
Let us determine the lexical meaning of the words “nature” and “man”.
Teacher: By comparing dictionary entries, we conclude that man and nature are part of the whole, man and nature are a single whole.
But who are we? enemies or parts of the whole? How should we continue to live: fight, slowly destroying each other, or learn to sympathize, understand, help?
Topic of our lesson: The relationship between man and nature in the story by V. P. Astafiev “The Tsar is a Fish”
The purpose of the lesson: to identify moral laws that determine the relationship between man and the world in which he lives, laws that ensure the viability of our “single human community.”
Epigraph will be the words of one of the heroes V.P. Astafiev, fishery inspector Cheremisin: “Remember: our land is one and indivisible, and a person anywhere, even in the darkest taiga, must be a person!”
Teacher: V.P. Astafiev passed away recently, in 2002. People like him are called the conscience of the nation. Receptivity and sensitivity to people, rage when faced with evil, extreme honesty and the ability to see the world in a new way, cruel demands, first of all, on oneself - these are just some of the traits of an extraordinary personality. And he will tell about the difficult fate of V.P. Astafiev...
Individual task: a story about the biography of V. P. Astafiev.
Individual assignment: a story about the composition of V. P. Astafiev’s story “The Tsar is a Fish” (see Appendix 1)
Teacher: Our focus is on the story “The King is a Fish.” He gave the name to the entire collection, becoming the focus of all the philosophical and moral thoughts of the author.
Conversation:
I liked the story with its dramatic plot and unexpected ending.
The story interested me in the moral issues that the author touches on.
The story amazes with the skill of description internal state person.
One day, an experienced fisherman, overestimating his capabilities, tried to catch a fish that was too large, fell out of the boat into the river, got caught in the trap hooks and lost a mortally wounded sturgeon; It is unknown whether he himself remained alive.
---- Who is his hero?
The hero of the story is Zinovy Ignatyich Utrobin, a resident of the village of Chush. He works at a local sawmill as a machine and saw operator, but everyone calls him a mechanic. Ignatyich has a wife and a teenage son.
---- Why is everyone calling the main character Ignatyich?(Respect)
---- How does he stand out among his fellow villagers?
--- How do the village residents feel about Ignatyich?(For all Ignatyich’s merits, a certain alienation from his fellow villagers is felt. He is valued, but shunned. Most likely, because Ignatyich is not like his fellow villagers: he is always neat, hardworking and hard-working, not greedy.)
--- Why can’t he improve his relationship with his brother? ( We know nothing about the reasons for the conflict between the Commander and Ignatyich, but their enmity is so irreconcilable that it has grown to hatred, to the desire to kill. It seems to me that the reason for the Commander’s hatred is envy: Ignatyich has the best house in the village, there is peace and harmony in the family, and he is respected in the village, and he is an excellent fisherman. So the Commander is angry.
--- What does Ignatyich do?(poaches)
---Who are poachers? Why are they dangerous? A poacher is a person who engages in poaching.
Poaching – hunting or fishing in prohibited places or in a prohibited way, as well as engaging in illegal logging. Poachers kill birds and animals, harming nature and disrupting the ecosystem.
--- Why does Ignatyich poach?
Uitel: Images of poachers very often appear on the pages of the first part of “The King of Fishes.”
Individual task: images of poachers (see Appendix 2).
--- Why did Astafiev pay so much attention to them? Poaching is a terrible evil because
turns a person into a beast, into a predator who wants to snatch an extra piece.
--- What happens to Ignatyich while fishing?(a huge fish was caught on the hook, pp. 159, 161)
--- What kind of fish did Ignatyich see?(Read the excerpt from the words: “... I saw and was taken aback, p. 161”)
Teacher: Many people have a desire to become significant and become famous.
And Ignatyich? Is he one of those? (Probably not)
--- Why didn’t you let the fish off the hooks? Why didn't you go for help?
(greed, persistence, pride did not allow Ignatyich to either release the fish or call for help) ( Read the passage on page 163)
Teacher: In this regard, it is worth paying attention to the surname Ignatyich - Utrobin from the word “womb” - belly, belly, entrails; insatiable womb - this is what they say about the gluttonous, in figurative meaning- about a greedy, greedy person.
Teacher: The soul suffered from greed. But is this a hopeless disease? Or does a speaking conscience indicate the beginning of recovery? What is conscience?
Admission of guilt for committing an unseemly act
Human self-control
Embarrassment, shame, awkwardness
---Why does a person need a conscience?
Conscience is given in order to control one’s actions and correct shortcomings.
Conscience can prevent a bad action.
--- What is Ignatyich asking for?(“Lord! Give us a break! She’s too much for me!”)
--- Why a few minutes earlier Ignatyich was confident in his abilities, but now he is not? What changed?(Ignatyich remembered his grandfather’s words)
---What is their meaning?(The king-fish can only be obtained by a person with pure thoughts, who has not stained his soul with anything, and if he has committed a “varna” act, it is better to let the king-fish go)
Individual student assignment “The meaning of the word King Fish” (see Appendix 3)
--- How do fish and people behave when they find themselves in the same trap?
Teacher: Being between life and death, a person often comprehends his life.
--- What does Ignatyich understand?
My whole life was spent only in pursuit of fish
Poachs, grabs - but why? for whom?
He distanced himself from people, from life, but life put him in his place - his beloved niece died at the hands of a drunk driver
--- Why was Ignatyich punished? Why such a terrible death?
In the face of impending death, a shameful, bitter memory emerges - the abuse of a beloved girl. And neither time nor repentance before Glasha could wash away the dirt from the soul from shameful act. “Not for a single woman...” (Read the excerpt on page 174)
Death overtook man for his neglect of the natural world, for its predatory destruction, for the robbery that acquired incredible proportions.
Teacher: And so it turns out: everything is connected: whether it begins with a person, with a fish, and where it ends, Astafiev shows. The circles of cruelty spread widely and mercilessly.
Teacher: And, apparently, repentance, spiritual rebirth, awareness of the fatality of the poacher’s attitude to life, understanding of responsibility for what was done on earth helps miraculously liberation of Ignatyich and fish.
--- What is the author's position on poaching? The author, without a doubt, condemns poaching as a multifaceted and terrible evil. Moreover, the writer is talking not only about the destruction of living and inanimate nature around us, but also about a kind of suicide, about the destruction of nature within man, human nature.
Teacher: The extermination of living things is associated with the enormous danger of losing a sense of proportion, and through this the loss of humanity, that is, reasonable, kind, moral. The writer is concerned about the scale of poaching, in which a person begins to lose his human dignity.
“That’s what I’m afraid of when people go wild in shooting, even at an animal, a bird, and casually, playfully, shed blood. They do not know that, having ceased to be afraid of blood, without revering it, hot, living, they themselves imperceptibly cross that fatal line beyond which a person ends and from distant times filled with cave horror a low-browed, fanged mug stands up and looks at him without blinking. primitive man."
--- Why does the writer have a strong dislike for poachers? For lack of spirituality. Lack of spirituality not in the sense of a lack of cultural interests, but in the sense of a refusal to recognize the moral laws that unite people and nature, a lack of responsibility for everything that is not “us”.
- How can you explain the epigraph to our lesson?
Teacher: Astafiev is not talking about a reverently contemplative attitude towards nature, he knows that he needs to shoot game for hungry geologists, that people need fish, forests, and water energy. The writer convinces us that today is just one of the branches on the trunk of the great tree of life, therefore the writer thinks about how to live so that his son, his children’s children, can hear the world just like him, what needs to be done so that do not injure, do not damage, do not trample, do not scratch, do not burn the world in which we live.
Teacher: At the end of the book “The Fish King” there is an extensive quotation from Ecclesiastes...
Reading passage
---What is the meaning of the end of the book?
Maybe now is the time to suffer and search. Every time gives rise to questions that we must answer. And we must torment ourselves with these questions and answer them precisely so that life can be preserved, and the next generations can cry and laugh, ask and answer.
No matter how intelligent, great and scientifically equipped a person is, without unity with nature, a caring and thoughtful relationship with nature and its riches, he is doomed to death.
The world for Astafiev is the world of people and nature, existing in eternal and continuous unity, the violation of which threatens degeneration and death. Astafiev’s entire book is the writer’s faith in the triumph of good, in its organic nature for one world, the belief that the seed of the Turukhansk lily will sprout into a flower.
Annex 1
Composition of V. P. Astafiev’s story “The Tsar is a Fish”
The book “The King Fish” appeared in print in 1976, immediately becoming the center of public attention.
The theme of “The King of Fish” can be defined as reflections on the purity of our existence, on a clean house, clean people, on pure, unclouded nature.
In total, “The Fish King” includes 12 stories. The plot of the story is connected with the author's journey - lyrical hero- to their native places in Siberia.
"The King Fish" has two epigraphs. One is taken from a poem by N. Rubtsov. The other is by the American scientist Haldor Shapley. These lines express author's position, alerting readers to the controversial content of The King Fish. It includes material about the “ominous celebration of existence”, about the “confused appearance native land”, desecrated nature, desecrated by man himself, and at the same time reflects the hope that it is not too late to establish harmonious relations with nature and the world.
The cycle opens with the story “Boye”. The title of the story comes from the dog's name, which means “friend” in Evenki. Boye is a symbol of devotion, defenselessness, appealing to conscience and justice.
“The Drop” is a kind of lyrical and philosophical center of the first part of “The King of Fishes”. In it, the author reflects not only on nature - its great beauty. Inaccessibility, greatness, but also appeals to complex problems personal responsibility of a person for everything that happens in this world.
Following the short story “The Drop,” several stories about poachers follow: “The Lady,” “At the Golden Hag,” “The Fisherman Rumbled.” Before us passes a whole gallery of characters, complex human destinies And difficult relationship.
The bright emotional center of the entire work is the chapter “The King Fish”, in which, by the will of fate, a huge sturgeon and a man ended up on the same hook.
The first part of “The King of Fishes” ends with the short story “A Black Feather is Flying,” made in the style of a report from the scene.
Second part " King of fish"connected with the image of the hunter Akimka. The first story, “Ear on Bogadan,” is dedicated to Akimka’s childhood and family. The subsequent stories “Wake”, “Turukhanskaya Lily”, “Dream in the White Mountains” introduce us to a soul wide open.
The final chord of “The King of Fishes” is the lyrical miniature “There is no answer for me.” When the author-storyteller says goodbye to his native places, associations arise. Memoirs and philosophical reflections. The spirit of these thoughts is very accurately conveyed by the poems of Alexei Prasolov, cited by the writer himself in the text: “What does time mean? What space? For inspiration and work, appear once and remain yourself forever.”
Images of poachers
In the first part of the book, Astafiev paints us the colorful characters of modern poachers: Damka, Roaring, Commander.
Astafiev's hero, nicknamed by the dog's nickname "lady" because of his barking laugh, lives thoughtlessly and easily, gets drunk, makes jokes and disturbs people. His only consolation wild life is a “spy craft”, but simply lying in wait for couples in the dark corners of the village. This reckless little man, obeying general mood village men. Engaged in poaching fish.
Caught by fisheries inspection with illegally caught sterlet, but accustomed to impunity and some kind of disgusting forgiveness, he was frightened, but still did not expect trial and retribution. Therefore, Damka again took up secret work, drank and had fun. And although fisheries supervision has become stricter. The river was again full of illegal gear and destroyed fish.
Completely different poachers appear in subsequent chapters. These are cut from different human material. They are distinguished by will, assertiveness, intelligence, strength of character, and resourcefulness. The strengths and passions of the rich Siberian nature find fulfillment only in the desire to deceive the fisheries inspection, catch secretly and make money.
The fates of these heroes indicate that a person who does evil and finds justification for himself suffers from evil himself.
More than anything in the world, the Commander loved his daughter Taika, but he was not destined, as he dreamed, to educate his clever daughter and leave with her to distant lands. The same poacher, only on land, killed the daughter of the intrepid Commander. “Having gotten drunk on chatter, the driver fell asleep at the wheel, flew onto the sidewalk and hit two schoolgirls returning from a matinee.” Inescapable grief tormented the Commander and alienated him from his family and people.
A fisherman named Grokhotalo had a different, but equally difficult, difficult fate. He appeared in the Siberian village of Chush from Ukraine, serving a prison sentence for connections with Bandera. The roar was a “lucky” guy, he was lucky to catch, but only once, when for the only time in his life he hooked a huge sturgeon, he was immediately caught by the fish inspector. And such hatred and rage gripped the manager of the pig farm. There was a roar that he crushed and broke on his way and in his house, he even tried to pour gasoline on his home and set it on fire - the people defended it.
Astafiev makes his position clear: every story about poachers ends with punishment. Punishment sooner or later inevitably overtakes the culprit - this is the meaning of the stories about poachers.
The history of the appearance of the word “King Fish”
There are cases when a person was alone with an animal during some kind of danger, and this does not surprise anyone. But for the hero to be left alone with the fish is the first time in Russian literature. Why did Ignatyich have to go through the ordeal not just with a fish, but with the Tsar – a fish?
Let’s first figure out what this expression “king fish” means. This expression is not the only one in the Russian language: “tsar-maiden” (in A.S. Pushkin), king of beasts, king of nature. It most likely means the top of the hierarchy, omnipotence, a force that must be obeyed.
Secondly, in pagan times, people put prohibitions (taboo) on the names of the animals they deified, so as not to bring trouble upon themselves. “With all his might, Ignatyich slammed the butt of his ax into the forehead of the king fish...” Last words This quote is a traditional folklore allegory. Instead of the direct name “sturgeon”, the indirect, descriptive “king fish” is given. This designation is a powerful creature on which the life and well-being of the fisherman depends.
The image of a fish in Astafiev’s work did not arise by chance and is full of symbolic meaning. In the image of the Tsar Fish, there is a folklore layer associated with Russian fairy tales and legends about the mighty fish (whale, pike), possessing wonderful capabilities, fruitful power, able to fulfill all desires ( gold fish). The earth, the entire universe, rests on it (the fish), and with its death comes a catastrophe, a universal flood. “When the whale-fish touches, then mother earth will shake, then our white light will end...” that’s exactly what folklore motif- “the fish on which the entire Universe rests and which is the mother of all fish” - is the leading one in the work of V. P. Astafiev and symbolizes nature, the basis of life without which man cannot exist, and along with its destruction, condemns himself to a slow painful death. “So why did their paths cross? The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap. The same painful death awaits them.”
Every writer touches on the theme of nature in any of his works. This could be a simple description of where the events are unfolding. of this work or an expression of the hero’s feelings, but the author always shows his position, his attitude towards nature.
Victor Astafiev defines nature with the help of a symbol - the almost mythical king fish: the fish looked like a “prehistoric lizard”, “eyes without eyelids, without eyelashes, naked, looking with serpentine coldness, concealed something in themselves.” This image-symbol gradually becomes the plot center of both the story and the entire book, all its short stories.
Each writer insists on his own and often refuses to understand and comprehend the position opposite to his own. Astafiev, in his work “The Fish King,” tries to understand this problem and find an answer to this important question for everyone: what is nature - a temple or a human slave?
Main character of this narrative in the stories - Ignatyich, fisherman. He has been fishing all his life and knows how to do it very well. Not a single fish, in any place of the river, even in the most remote and uninhabited, will be able to escape from his nets. He conquered the river. Here he is the king, the king of nature. And he behaves like a king: he is careful, he completes all his affairs. But how does he manage the wealth entrusted to him? Ignatyich is fishing. But why does he need her in such large quantities? His family is wealthy enough to live and feed themselves without this “profit.” He does not sell the fish he catches. And in order to engage in fishing, he has to hide from fisheries supervision, because this activity is considered poaching. What motivates him? And here we see our king of nature from the other side. All his actions are driven by greed. Besides him, there are many good fishermen in the village, and there is an unannounced competition between them. If your networks bring more fish, then you are the best. And because of this selfish desire, people destroy fish, which means they are gradually destroying nature, wasting the only valuable thing that is on earth.
But why does nature need such a king who does not value the wealth he owns? Will she really submit and not overthrow him? Then the king fish appears, the queen of the rivers, sent to fight the king of nature. Every fisherman dreams of catching the king fish, because it is a sign from above. The legend says: if you catch the king fish, release it and don’t tell anyone about it. This fish symbolizes the peculiarity of the person who caught it, his superiority over others. What happens to Ignatyich when he meets this messenger of nature? There are two conflicting feelings in him: on the one hand, the desire to pull out the king fish, so that later the whole village will know about his skill, on the other hand, superstitious fear and the desire to release the fish in order to get rid of this burden that is too much for him. But still, the first feeling wins: greed takes precedence over conscience. Ignatyich decides to catch this fish at any cost and become known as the best fisherman in the entire area. He vaguely understands that he cannot cope alone, but he suppresses the thoughts that he could call his brother for help, because then he would have to share both the booty and the glory with him. And greed destroys him. Ignatyich finds himself alone in the water with the “fish”. The wounded king of nature and the queen of rivers meet in equal combat with the elements. Now the king of nature no longer controls the situation, nature conquers him, and gradually he humbles himself. Together with the fish, huddled close to each other and calmed by this touch, they await their death.
Ignatyich asks: “Lord, let this fish go!” He himself is no longer able to do this. Their fate is now in the hands of nature. This means that it is not man who creates nature, but nature that rules over man. But nature is not so merciless, it gives a person a chance to improve, she waits for repentance. Ignatyich - clever man, he understands his guilt and sincerely repents of what he has done, but not only that: he remembers all his past actions, analyzes his life. This incident makes him remember all his old sins and think about how he will live further if he survives here. It may seem that Astafiev with his thoughts only further confused the reader, and did not build his thoughts, but still he gives an answer to a difficult question: nature is a temple where a person cannot manage at his own discretion, but still he must help this the temple to enrich itself, because man is a part of nature, and he is called upon to protect this only home for all living things.
The work “The Fish King” is written as a narrative within stories. The book consists of many short stories, essays, stories. Some stories were written in artistic style, others in journalism. This diversity allows you to much more accurately assess the situation and unfolding events, look at problems with different sides and find the only correct solution. It also allows you to cover a large number of problems. Different styles make the events occurring in the story more realistic. In this work, Astafiev seems to ask you: are you using what is given to you correctly, are you not wasting the wealth given to us - nature? The truth written here brightens memory and thoughts and makes you look at the world with different eyes.
Composition
In the first half of the seventies of the 20th century, environmental problems were first raised in the Soviet Union. During these same years, Viktor Astafiev wrote a narrative in the stories "Tsar Fish". The main characters of "The King of Fish" are Nature and Man. Critics called the work social and philosophical. The author's thoughts and feelings have universal significance. The title of the story was given by the chapter “The King Fish”, which has a generalized symbolic meaning.
The king fish is a huge sturgeon. Man fights with the king fish: it is a symbol of the development and taming of nature. The fight ends dramatically. The seriously wounded king fish does not surrender to man; she leaves him, carrying the hooks in her body. The ending of the fight looks very dramatic - the fish leaves the man to die: “Furious, seriously wounded, but not tamed, it crashed somewhere in invisibility, splashed in the cold whirlwind, a riot gripped the freed, magical king-fish.” The story also talks about the tragedy of Man, who is connected with Nature by the closest connection, but forgot about it and destroys himself and her.
We grew up during the Chernobyl era. We will always remember the nightmares of a nuclear disaster. If humanity fails to change its consciousness, then new catastrophes are simply inevitable. But several decades ago A.I. Vernadsky created his doctrine of the noosphere - the sphere of the human mind, where it is necessary to “think and act... not only in the aspect individual, family or clan, states or unions, but also in the planetary aspect." The concept of "humanity" arose several centuries ago, but only in last years people began to learn to feel like humanity - an indivisible community.
Why are environmental problems becoming so acute? The answer is simple: today humanity has the same impact on nature as, for example, the strongest storms or powerful volcanic eruptions. And often humanity surpasses the elements destructive forces nature. A return to the “Garden of Eden,” that is, to untouched nature, is absolutely impossible. However, issues of the relationship between man and nature must be resolved taking into account the ethical factor.
In the story "The King Fish" all the heroes are the main ones. These are Akim, Nikolai Petrovich, Kiryaga and many others.
Victor Astafiev made the image of the author one of the main characters, striving to proclaim and establish moral principles dear to his heart. Victor Astafiev innovatively moves from narration to reflection, from pictures of nature to journalism. The author's choice of the form of the work - narration in stories - is not accidental. This form allowed Astafiev to distance himself from the strict plot of the narrative, which, for example, the form of a novel does not allow.
One of the main tasks of “Tsar Fish” is to expose poaching in the broadest interpretation of the word. After all, a poacher is not only a person who steals fish or animals from the state. A poacher is also one who builds over a clean lake nuclear power plant, and the one who gives permission to cut down virgin forests.
"The King Fish" is not a collection of thematically related stories, but rather a narrative. The author’s all-consuming idea about the inseparability of Man and Nature smoothly flows from chapter to chapter, revealing itself from new and new sides, absorbing new meanings, expanding the scope of philosophical, economic, social task standing in front of all people. The location of "The King of Fish" - Siberia - is also of great ideological and artistic significance. These vast undeveloped spaces are both a treasure and a pain for Russia. The wealth of Siberia is based extensively, without thought about tomorrow. “So what am I looking for? Why am I suffering? Why? Why? There is no answer for me.” Viktor Astafiev does not provide ready-made answers to the answers given in the narrative. It takes courage, kindness, and wisdom from the reader to understand: only man can save the king fish. This is the task of the present and the future.
Akim then said to Gertsev in his heart: “Well, you are carrion!.. The old woman’s name is Kirka God's man. Yes, he is God’s!.. God will punish you...” Goga swaggers in response: “I don’t give a damn about old women, about the cripple of this dirty one! I am my own God! And I will punish you for insulting.
Come on, come on! - Akim felt a chill in the pit of his stomach from some kind of long-awaited satisfaction. - Come on, come on! - he demanded, barely restraining himself.
Goga glanced at him:
I'll strangle you!
It will be clear who wins...
To sit for such a stink...
Gertsev did not finish his sentence, he flew across the bench in a wonderful, clumsy, not at all sporting manner, sweeping dishes and a box of spinners off the table on the way, rattled his bones on the floor and did not rush back at Akim - he suddenly fumbled along the floor with his hand and began collecting hooks , rings, carabiners with a look as if nothing had happened, and if it happened, it didn’t happen to him and it didn’t concern him.
Satisfied? - He finally stared at the disheveled Akim.
Well, what are you doing! “Only now did Akim realize that no one had ever beaten this guy, well-groomed and healthy, but he had to beat seven of one, as other young people do these days, partying in a group, seething with passions. - It’s tight, isn’t it? Is it pressing?!
Gertsev wiped his mouth and, having mastered his confusion, declared that fighting was the work of bastards, he would not stoop to a fight, but to shoot himself, according to the noble ancient custom, - this is please. Akim knew how Goga shoots - from his youth in shooting ranges, in gyms, on stands, and he, a herring, knows what kind of shooter - the cartridge is more expensive than gold, from an early age save your supplies, hit the bird three meters with a run, so Hertsev's move a true, but too naked, arrogant move, not from the taiga, where openness and honesty are still alive in a fight and in trouble. Without frenzy, but not without gloating, Akim set the condition:
Shoot and shoot! How the paths will cross in the taiga, so that there will be no ends... You should sit for such a nit!..
You shouldn't sit, you should lie down!
Well, well, we'll see. Don’t look at me, I’m built like a bathhouse, but I’m roofed like a barn!”
In this dialogue, the differences between Akim and Goga are very clearly revealed. Akim is capable of hitting a person only in a fair, open fight. He is organically incapable of offending another person, especially a poor, wretched one. It is characteristic that it is not Akim who starts the quarrel, but Hertsev.
The main character of “The King of Fish” follows the peculiar moral law of the taiga, where a person who is open with others, honest and does not try to crush nature can survive. Goga, “his own God,” turns out to be the devil, Kashchei (it is no coincidence that the writer emphasizes that Gertsev, like a fairy-tale villain, “rattled his bones on the floor”). He spits on other people and is proud of it, he is ready to destroy anyone who gets in his way, to destroy not even figuratively, but literally. After all, in fact, Goga is plotting the murder of Akim, offering a duel on conditions that are obviously unfavorable for him and advantageous for himself. However, unlike Kashchei the Immortal, Gertsev is by no means immortal. And his death seems natural, although it occurred as a result of an absurd accident. This is, as it were, God's punishment for arrogantly equating oneself with God.
When Akim finds the corpse of his enemy, he does not feel joy, contrary to the ancient saying that the corpse of an enemy smells good. He feels sorry for the unlucky Gertsev, who, in a hurry to get fish for his sick companion, committed fatal mistake and choked in icy water, and buries Goga in a Christian manner. It is Akim who remains victorious in the dispute with Gertsev; it is he, and not Goga, who manages to get the Tsar Fish. And, although, as the hunter himself admits, he “learned culture... in Boganid and at Bedovoy,” as the village paramedic later confirmed, in relation to Eli, “the guy did what was within his power and capabilities, - and not without proud significance he also said: “Taiga science!” Luck becomes a reward for the fact that he remains faithful to universal, Christian moral values, is ready, without hesitation, to help his neighbor and feel sorry even for his enemy.
Other works on this work
"Tsar Fish" by Astafiev Analysis of the story "The King Fish" The mastery of depicting nature in one of the works of Russian literature of the 20th century. (V.P. Astafiev. “Tsar Fish”.) REVIEW OF THE WORK OF V. P. ASTAFYEV "KING FISH" The role of artistic detail in one of the works of Russian literature of the 20th century. (V.P. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”) The theme of nature protection in modern prose (V. Astafiev, V. Rasputin) Affirmation of universal moral values in the book by V.P. Astafiev "Tsar fish" Man and the biosphere (Based on the work of V. P. Astafiev “The Tsar Fish”) Nature (based on the work of V.P. Astafiev “The Tsar Fish”)Perhaps never before has the problem of the relationship between man and nature been as acute as in our time. And this is no coincidence.
“We are no strangers to losses,” wrote S. Zalygin, “but only until the moment comes to lose nature, after which there will be nothing to lose.”
In the awareness of this dialectical process there is no last role belongs to literature. And Astafiev, a sensitive artist, could not stay away from the problem. The writer has created many books about war, peace, and childhood. All of them are marked by the mystery of talent, the sounds of the Motherland - the bright and pure, bitter and joyful music of human destiny.
His entire diverse biography, his path is long and clear, in full view of readers. The works created by V. Astafiev are well known. These are numerous stories and stories “The Pass”, “Starodub”, “Theft”, “Starfall”, “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess”, “ Last bow» .
A real event in life and the work “Tsar Fish”, awarded the USSR State Prize, became a literary work. In the story “The Fish King” the life plot meets the artist halfway.
The main character of the story "The King Fish"- Zinovy Ignatyich, a respected man in the village of Chush. He treats the Chushans condescendingly, with a certain degree of superiority, which he did not express, did not turn away from people, was attentive to everyone, and came to the aid of anyone.
He is everywhere and everywhere he managed on his own, but he was from here - a Siberian and was accustomed by nature to respect society, to take it into account, not to irritate it, but not to break the cap too much. Ignatyich is very different from his fellow villagers in his neatness and efficiency. His “dural” (motor boat) rushes along the river, nose up, clean, sparkling with blue and white paint, the engine does not crackle, does not squeal, sings its song in a satisfied, ringing voice. And the owner matches his boat: tidy, not smeared with fish mucus, not smelling of fuel oil. Ignatyich caught fish better than anyone and more than anyone, and no one envied him, except for his younger brother Commander, who all his life felt at the heels of his older brother, and was with a brain - rotten pride, did not know how and did not want to hide his hostility towards his brother, and They have long since become strangers to each other. Commander Ignatyich hated him so much that he raised his hand to sibling, and not just a hand - a gun!
Happening, described in the story “The Tsar Fish,” happened to Ignatyich in the chilly autumn season, when he went out to the Yenisei and hung on samolov. The fisherman swam in five times and pulled the “cat” along the bottom of the river, lost a lot of time, was frozen to the very bones, but as soon as he picked up and lifted the plane, he immediately felt: there was a large fish on it. By all the habits of the fish, by the heavy pressure in the darkness of the depths, a sturgeon was guessed on the plane, large, but already killed. Ignatyich saw him and was taken aback: there was something rare, primitive not only in the enormous size of the fish, but also in the shape of its body, from the soft, lifeless, worm-like whiskers hanging under the evenly planed head at the bottom to the webbed, winged tail - on a fish resembled a prehistoric lizard. From the water, from under the bony shell, small eyes with a yellow rim around the dark pupils were drilled into the man. These eyes, without eyelids, without eyelashes, naked, looking with serpentine coldness, concealed something within themselves. The fisherman realized that he alone could not cope with such a monster. You could wait for your younger brother to show up for the samolov, he would help, but then you’d have to divide the sturgeon, and Ignatich really didn’t want that. “Here it is, your rubbish has come to light,” Ignatyich thought of himself with contempt.
You can't miss this sturgeon, The King Fish comes across once in a lifetime, and even then not every Jacob. Ignatyich had heard a lot of all sorts of things about the king fish, he wanted to see it, his God-given, fabulous one, of course, to catch it, but he was also timid. Grandfather used to say: “It’s better to let her go, imperceptibly, as if by accident, let her go, cross herself and move on with her life, think about her again, look for her.” But Ignatyich decided to take the sturgeon by the gills, you never know what they were weaving before people, all sorts of healers and the same grandfather. With enormous effort, the fisherman took the fish with a hook and almost rolled it into the boat, ready to hit the convex skull of the sturgeon with his butt. But then the tetanus-ridden fish turned sharply, hit the boat, and Ignatyich was thrown into ice water. He began to sink, someone was dragging him into the depths, and the fish continued to fight, landing self-catching hooks in itself and in the catcher. Both the fish and the man weakened and bled. Why did their paths cross? The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap. The same painful death awaits them. The hour of the cross has struck, and it’s time to account for your sins. A cardinal sin Ignatyich is that he cruelly offended a girl with whom he was friends in his youth. And he never begged her for forgiveness, no matter how much he begged or repented. His last words, which he was able to croak out without controlling his mouth, were: “Forgive me, Glasha!” More Zinovy Ignatyich heard the noise of the Whirlwind engine. It was my brother who was approaching the self-catchers. A wave from a passing boat rocked Ignatyich’s vessel, hit the fish on the iron, and it, rested and gathered strength, suddenly reared up, sensing the wave. Hit. Jerk. The fish turned over on its stomach, whipped its tail, and several hooks burst at once. The fish beat its tail again and again until it got off the trap, tearing its body to shreds. Furious, seriously wounded, but not tamed, she crashed somewhere in invisibility, a riot engulfed the freed, magical king-fish.
“Go, fish, go! Live as long as you can. I won’t tell anyone about you!” - said the catcher, and he felt better. The body - because the fish did not pull down, the soul - from some kind of liberation not yet comprehended by the mind.
Having finished reading the story “The King Fish”, you understand that the natural world is fraught with the spirit of just retribution. The suffering of the King Fish, wounded by man, calls for him. “The King Fish” was written in an open, free, relaxed manner, inspired by the artist’s thoughts about what is most personal and vital. Direct, honest, fearless conversation about current and significant issues. Scientists argue about them. Designers think about them. Problems of a national scale: on the establishment and improvement of reasonable connections modern man and nature, about the extent and goals of our activity in the “conquest” of nature. Life itself poses these problems.
How to do so that, while transforming the earth, preserve and increase earthly wealth? By renewing, saving and enriching the beauty of nature? How to avoid and prevent the sad consequences of an unreasonable encroachment on the natural laws of nature - the cradle of man? This is not only an environmental problem, but also a moral one.
Awareness of its seriousness, according to Astafiev, is necessary for everyone so as not to trample, damage or burn nature and oneself with the fire of soullessness and deafness.
The writer states: whoever is merciless and cruel to nature is merciless and cruel to man. The writer's soulless consumerist treatment of nature evokes a passionate protest. The image of poaching - the predatory behavior of a person in the taiga, on the river - grows into a strong living image in the story. The author's main attention is focused on people, their destinies, passions and concerns. There are many heroes in the story. Different. Good and evil, just and treacherous, “fish control workers” and “poachers.” The writer does not judge them, even the most inveterate, he cares about their spiritual healing.
The author speaks from a position of goodness and humanity. In every line he remains a poet of humanity. There lives in him an extraordinary sense of integrity, the interconnectedness of all life on earth, present and future, today and tomorrow.
Composition
Every writer touches on the theme of nature in any of his works. This may be a simple description of the location of the unfolding events of a given work or an expression of the hero’s feelings, but the author always shows his position, his attitude towards nature.
Victor Astafiev defines nature with the help of a symbol - the almost mythical king fish: the fish looked like a “prehistoric lizard”, “eyes without eyelids, without eyelashes, naked, looking with serpentine coldness, concealed something in themselves.” This image-symbol gradually becomes the plot center of both the story and the entire book, all its short stories.
Each writer insists on his own and often refuses to understand and comprehend the position opposite to his own. Astafiev, in his work “The Fish King,” tries to understand this problem and find an answer to this important question for everyone: what is nature - a temple or a human slave?
The main character of this narrative in the stories is Ignatyich, a fisherman. He has been fishing all his life and knows how to do it very well. Not a single fish, in any place of the river, even in the most remote and uninhabited, will be able to escape from his nets. He conquered the river. Here he is the king, the king of nature. And he behaves like a king: he is careful, he completes all his affairs. But how does he manage the wealth entrusted to him? Ignatyich is fishing. But why does he need it in such large quantities? His family is wealthy enough to live and feed themselves without this “profit.” He does not sell the fish he catches. And in order to engage in fishing, he has to hide from fisheries supervision, because this activity is considered poaching. What motivates him? And here we see our king of nature from the other side. All his actions are driven by greed. Besides him, there are many good fishermen in the village, and there is an unannounced competition between them. If your nets bring more fish, then you are the best. And because of this selfish desire, people destroy fish, which means they are gradually destroying nature, wasting the only valuable thing that is on earth.
But why does nature need such a king who does not value the wealth he owns? Will she really submit and not overthrow him? Then the king fish appears, the queen of the rivers, sent to fight the king of nature. Every fisherman dreams of catching the king fish, because it is a sign from above. The legend says: if you catch the king fish, release it and don’t tell anyone about it. This fish symbolizes the peculiarity of the person who caught it, his superiority over others. What happens to Ignatyich when he meets this messenger of nature? There are two conflicting feelings in him: on the one hand, the desire to pull out the king fish, so that later the whole village will know about his skill, on the other hand, superstitious fear and the desire to release the fish in order to get rid of this burden that is too much for him. But still, the first feeling wins: greed takes precedence over conscience. Ignatyich decides to catch this fish at any cost and become known as the best fisherman in the entire area. He vaguely understands that he cannot cope alone, but he suppresses the thoughts that he could call his brother for help, because then he would have to share both the booty and the glory with him. And greed destroys him. Ignatyich finds himself alone in the water with the “fish”. The wounded king of nature and the queen of rivers meet in equal combat with the elements. Now the king of nature no longer controls the situation, nature conquers him, and gradually he humbles himself. Together with the fish, huddled close to each other and calmed by this touch, they await their death.
Ignatyich asks: “Lord, let this fish go!” He himself is no longer able to do this. Their fate is now in the hands of nature. This means that it is not man who creates nature, but nature that rules over man. But nature is not so merciless, it gives a person a chance to improve, she waits for repentance. Ignatyich is an intelligent person, he understands his guilt and sincerely repents of what he has done, but not only that: he remembers all his past actions, analyzes his life. This incident makes him remember all his old sins and think about how he will live further if he survives here. It may seem that Astafiev with his thoughts only further confused the reader, and did not build his thoughts, but still he gives an answer to a difficult question: nature is a temple where a person cannot manage at his own discretion, but still he must help this the temple to enrich itself, because man is a part of nature, and he is called upon to protect this only home for all living things.
The work “The Fish King” is written as a narrative within stories. The book consists of many short stories, essays, stories. Some stories are written in an artistic style, others in a journalistic style. This diversity allows you to much more accurately assess the situation and unfolding events, look at problems from different angles and find the only correct solution. It also allows you to cover a large number of problems. Different styles make the events that happen in the story more realistic. In this work, Astafiev seems to ask you: are you using what is given to you correctly, are you not wasting the wealth given to us - nature? The truth written here brightens memory and thoughts and makes you look at the world with different eyes.
