Paustovsky Lazar Borisovich. Unified State Exam essay “A small portion of poison”, based on the text by K. Paustovsky

Each of us has read the works of great writers. Their skill in conveying life's wisdom through paper is amazing. However, not everyone understands the full weight of the narrator's burden.

So who is a true writer? Answer to this question gives the author of the text, reflecting on the problem posed.

People often think that the profession of a writer is easy. Sit and write interesting stories. However, this is a deep misconception. A true writer is a person who has known the whole salt of life. Having gone through difficulties on his own, the narrator gains life experience, which is subsequently shared with others through the book. After all, a book should teach and benefit the reader. That is why a writer must have great worldly wisdom. K. G. Paustovsky writes about this: “This is a big deal, but it requires real knowledge of life.” The author says that only by passing all the hardships through himself can the narrator teach others: “So that life permeates you! To make a real infusion! Then you can release it to people..."

Thus, a true writer is a person who has known the whole salt of life. This is precisely the position the author adheres to. And I absolutely agree with him. I will illustrate this with examples.

To write about the lower classes, you need to be in them. Thus, in the work of Maxim Gorky “At the Depths” the life of a declassed society is depicted. All the severity and bitterness of the existence of these people is described in great detail. That is why this work was so well received by the public. And all because M. Gorky knows firsthand about the hardships of such an existence, he himself went through it. This example proves that a true writer is a person who has experienced hardships himself.

To write exhaustively about life, you need to know it. So, Sergei Yesenin is a village poet. He grew up in a village and felt all the hardships of life himself. That is why his creations are so colorful. This example proves that in order to become a writer, you need to face difficulties yourself.

To summarize, we can say with confidence: a true writer is a person who has colossal life wisdom. After all, in order to teach others, you need to experience it yourself.

Vladislav Sobolev

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(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) This pharmacist’s name was Lazar Borisovich. (3) At first glance, he was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5) On his wide nose, the pince-nez on the black ribbon barely held on. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.

(7) Once I went to Lazar Borisovich at the pharmacy to buy powders for Aunt Marusya. (8) She started having a migraine. (9) While grinding powders for Aunt Marusya, Lazar Borisovich talked to me.

“(10) I know,” said Lazar Borisovich, “that youth has its rights, especially when the young man graduated from high school and was about to enter the university. (11) Then there’s a carousel in my head. (12) You are a pleasant young man, but you do not like to think. (13) I noticed this a long time ago. (14) So, please, think about yourself, about life, about your place in life, about what you would like to do for people!

“(15) I’ll be a writer,” I said and blushed.

- (16) A writer? – Lazar Borisovich adjusted his pince-nez and looked at me with menacing surprise. - (17) Ho-ho? (18) You never know who wants to be a writer! (19) Maybe I also want to be Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy.

- (20) But I already wrote... and published.

“(21) Then,” said Lazar Borisovich decisively, “be so kind as to wait!” (22) I’ll weigh out the powders, take you out, and we’ll figure it out.

(23) We got out and walked across the field to the river, and from there to the park. (24) The sun was sinking towards the forests on the other side of the river. (25) Lazar Borisovich plucked the tops of the wormwood, rubbed them, sniffed his fingers and spoke.

- (26) This is a big deal, but it requires real knowledge of life. (27) Right? (28) And you have very little of it, not to say that it is completely absent. (29) Writer! (30) He must know so much that it’s even scary to think about. (31) He must understand everything! (32) He must work like an ox and not pursue glory! (33) Yes! (34) Here. (35) I can tell you one thing: go to the huts, to fairs, to factories, to flophouses! (36) To theaters, to hospitals, to mines and prisons! (37) Yes! (38) Be everywhere! (39) May life permeate you! (40) To get a real infusion! (41) Then you will be able to release it to people like a miraculous balm! (42) But also in known doses. (43) Yes!

(44) He talked for a long time about the vocation of a writer. (45) We said goodbye near the park.

– (47) No! - Lazar Borisovich exclaimed and grabbed my hand. - (48) I’m glad! (49) You see! (50) But you must admit that I was a little right, and now you will think about something. (51)Huh?

(52) And the pharmacist was right. (53) I realized that I knew almost nothing and had not yet thought about many important things. (54) And he accepted this advice funny man and soon went among the people, into that worldly school that no books or abstract thoughts can replace.

(55) I knew that I would never believe anyone, no matter who told me that this life - with its love, the desire for truth and happiness, with its lightning and the distant sound of water in the middle of the night - is devoid of meaning and reason. (56) Each of us must fight for the affirmation of this life everywhere and always until the end of our days.

(according to K.G. Paustovsky*)

*Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892–1968) – Russian Soviet writer, classic Russian literature. Author of stories, novels, novels, among them - “The Tale of Life”, “ Golden Rose", "Meshcherskaya side", etc.

Good writer. What should it be like? This is precisely the problem raised by K.G. Paustovsky in the text proposed for analysis.

Reflecting on the question posed, the author of the text gives an example from own life when he told the village pharmacist Lazar Borisovich that he was going to become a writer. K.G. Paustovsky recalls with undisguised excitement how he “adjusted his pince-nez and looked at him with menacing surprise.” Lazar Borisovich told the young man (and we see from the description of what is happening that the author of the text completely agrees with the pharmacist) that writing “is a big thing, but it requires real knowledge of life,” which so many people do not have. young man. Lazar Borisovich conveys to him his understanding of the purpose of writing, with which, as we see, K.G. also agrees. Paustovsky: “He [the writer] must understand everything! He must work like an ox and not pursue glory!” It is easy to see how seriously the author of the text takes his work.

The position of the author of the text on the issue raised is expressed through the words of Lazar Borisovich (sentences 26-43). K.G. Paustovsky is convinced: a good writer must know a lot in order to understand what he writes about, while he should not chase fame, because the most important thing for a writer is to bring benefit, first of all, to his readers.

I agree with the position of the author of this text and also believe: in order to be good writer, you need to have a large amount of knowledge to better understand what you are writing about, in addition, what should be most important for a writer is not fame, but the benefit that he brings to readers.

My agreement with the author’s position can be justified by the following literary example. Let's remember " Sevastopol stories» L.N. Tolstoy. These stories describe in detail the horrors of war; the author has shown well that there is nothing beautiful in war, it is the most disgusting thing in life, the most disgusting to human consciousness. This is clearly proven by the description of the wounded. One had his leg cut off during the battle, the other, in a terrible state, is awaiting death... It’s very scary to look at the poor, exhausted soldiers, and, reading the stories of L.N. Tolstoy, we better understand all the horrors of war. The writer was able to describe them so well because he himself participated in the war. And the purpose of writing his stories was not glory at all, no: he just wanted people to understand what war really is. Thus, a good writer must know a lot, understand what he writes about, and he should not chase fame: his main goal should be to benefit readers.

I’ll give another example that shows: a real writer must know life well, understand what he writes about, and at the same time not pursue fame. The famous Russian literary critic V.V. Veresaev said: “A writer should not observe life, but live in life, observing it not from the outside, but from the inside.” This phrase means that the writer must understand life very well. In addition, as V.V. Veresaev rightly notes that if a person begins to create literary works just for the sake of earning money, even when he has nothing to say to people - nothing good comes of it. Therefore, a good writer must know life well and understand what he writes about, while he should not pursue fame, because the most important thing for a real writer is to benefit his readers.

In conclusion, I will emphasize once again: you need to own a huge amount of life knowledge to be a good writer, you shouldn’t think only about fame, because the main objective writing - to help, first of all, readers.

State Budgetary General Educational Institution Education Center No. 162, Kirovsky district of St. Petersburg
Kim's analysis of the Unified State Exam in Russian (with explanation)
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) About three quarters of the territory Ancient Greece occupied mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.
2) Agriculture, despite the fact that the terrain was not conducive to the development of agriculture, was the main source of human existence in Ancient Greece.
3) In Ancient Greece, city dwellers often enjoyed the fruits of agricultural activity.
4) The main source of human existence in Ancient Greece was Agriculture, despite the fact that the terrain was unfavorable for agriculture.
5) The main source of livelihood for urban residents of Ancient Greece was agriculture.
(1)In ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source of human existence. (2)<…>urban residents often had a farm outside the city and used what it provided. (3) At the same time, the relief of Greece was not favorable for agriculture: approximately three-quarters of the territory was occupied by mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture..Explanation.
Sentences 1, 3 and 5 either distort information or convey it incompletely.

Answer: 2, 4.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

And although
If
Even
Just
If only
Explanation.
The proposal states that city residents had plots, even though they lived in the city.

Answer: even.
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOURCE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
SOURCE, -a; m.

1) What gives the beginning of something., where something comes from. I. light. I. all evil.
2) A written monument, a document on the basis of which it is built Scientific research. Sources for the history of the region. Use all available sources.
3) The one who gives something. information about smb. He is reliable and... Information from the right source.
4) A stream of water coming to the surface from underground. Healing and. Hot and. I. mineral water.
Explanation.
The correct value is 1.

Answer: 1.
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

BusyAdOniz gaveAzvOnimblindsAndexplanation.
Incorrect emphasis in the word “calling.” That's right: we call them.

Answer: we call.
5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

Soon cellular subscribers will be able to pay for metro travel from their phones.
HUMANISM as a concept and way of human existence, having emerged in the Renaissance, runs through the entire history of mankind.
My classmate WEARED a Santa Claus costume and congratulated the town residents.
Even in the era of PRACTICAL people, those who fight injustice appear.
FRIENDLY relationships can exist between like-minded people.
Explanation.
Error in the put-on pair. You can only dress someone. It should be said: allotment.

Answer: put it on.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

THEIR sisters
drink from SAUCERS
no BOOTS
even RICHER
about FIVE HUNDRED people
Explanation.
There was a mistake in the word "saucers". It’s correct to say: saucer.

Answer: saucer.
7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMAR ERRORS SENTENCES
A) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate
B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members 1) Sanctuaries are created both to maintain and restore the number of rare species of animals that are in danger of extinction.
2) Everyone who listened to the professor’s speech was once again surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech.
3) Being low above the horizon creates an incorrect impression of the size of the Moon.
4) Once in the house strangers, wait to be introduced.
5) Contrary to the recommendations of doctors, the athlete did not reduce the load during training.
6) A. Baushev’s article attracted the attention of the Kursk governor, who wished to meet the young author.
7) I asked in surprise where the fortress was.
8) B Famusov society Not only nobility and honesty are valued, but servility and sycophancy.
9) The entire work of the writer E. Nosov is a great wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous in soul.

A B C D E

Explanation.
A) the violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate in sentence 2 is that with the subject ALL, the predicate must always be in the plural.
Let's give the correct spelling: Everyone who listened to the professor's speech was once again surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech.
Rule 7.3.1
Rule

B) the incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition in sentence 5 is that after the prepositions “thanks to,” “according to,” “contrary to,” “like,” nouns are used only in the dative case form WHAT? and in no other.
Here is the correct spelling: Contrary to the recommendations of doctors, the athlete did not reduce the load during training.
Rule 7.7.1
Rule

C) the error in constructing a sentence with an adverbial phrase in sentence 3 is that the action indicated by the adverbial participle “being” is correlated with a predicate expressed by a reflexive verb; an adverbial phrase cannot be attached to such predicates. The proposal needs to be completely restructured.
The sentence can be rearranged as follows: When you are low above the horizon, you get the wrong idea about the size of the Moon.
Rule 7.8.2 TYPE 3
Rule

D) the incorrect construction of the sentence with indirect speech in sentence 7 is that when conveying indirect speech an extra conjunction was used. An interrogative sentence can be constructed like this:
Let's give the correct spelling: I asked in surprise where the fortress was.
Rule 7.9.3
Rule

E) the error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members in sentence 8 is that parts of the double conjunction are “lost.” It must be remembered that the parts of the double conjunction are permanent and cannot be replaced with other words. Failure to comply with this rule is a gross violation of the syntactic norm:
Let's give the correct spelling: In Famus society, not only nobility and honesty are valued, BUT also servility and sycophancy.
Rule 7.6.3
Rule

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
A B C D E
2 5 3 7 8
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Try..to fight..to be proud..to ped..nationalad..to stick
Explanation.
Let us define a word in which an unstressed alternating root is missing. Let's write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Wade through-CHG
be proud-PG, proudbicycleIped-NG
NATIONAL-NG
ADDRESS-NG

The alternating vowel in the root of the word get through is checked by the rule of alternating roots BIR/BER.

Answer: make your way.
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

O..gave, by..scribbled
pr..fortified, pr..grad
and.. tormented, ra.. burned
pos..yesterday, r..gathered..played, popped up..slide Explanation.
Let's identify a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Let's write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

Gave, emphasized, attached, obstructed and Tormented, ignited the pose Yesterday, disassembled Played, find
Answer: I took it apart the day before yesterday.
10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

Doctor..get upset..double up..get unpretentious..out
smiling
Explanation.
Let's write down a word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

To heal - as I am a doctor; to be upset - as I am upset; to double - as I am doubled; unpretentious - is short form, unpretentiousSmiling - there is a short form, Smiling
Answer: heal.
11. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

Dry.. sew out.. sew out.. sew not stuck.. myfeed.. sew Explanation.
Dependent on the verb conjugation Dependent on the infinitive
Personal endings Present participles are active Present participles are passive Past participles are active Past participles are passive
dry 2 sp.
lay out 1 sp.
jump out 2 sp.
feed 2 sp. independent from DEPEND, 2 spr.
Answer: you will.
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

M. Gorky received (NOT) LESS than five or six letters every day.
The air, which has not yet become sultry, is pleasantly refreshing.
(NOT) PICK IN THE SKY, GIVE THE TIT IN YOUR HANDS.
(IN)CORRECT, but pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
Ambition is a (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, but a thirst for power.
Explanation.
Let's define a sentence in which NOT is written CONCLUSION with the word. Let's open the brackets and write out this word.

M. Gorky received AT LEAST five or six letters every day.
The air, which has NOT yet become sultry, is pleasantly refreshing.
DON'T PICK IN THE SKY, GIVE THE TIT IN YOUR HANDS.
IRREGULAR, but pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
Ambition is NOT the DESIRE to be honest, but the thirst for power.

Answer: incorrect.
13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

(C)DURING the conversation she was mostly silent, and it was difficult for me to understand WHY (WHY) she came.
(BY) the way this person carries himself, it is clear that he is (IN) EVERYTHING used to being the first.
Lake Beloye (FROM) is charming because (IN) AROUND it there is dense, varied vegetation.
It’s hard to even imagine WHAT WOULD happen to me IF the ship was late.
(BY) how concentratedly silent L.N. Tolstoy was, his loved ones could guess (H) HOW hard his brain was working now.
Explanation.
Let's define a sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Let's open the brackets and write down these two words.

DURING the conversation she was mostly silent, and it was difficult for me to understand WHY she came.
BY THE way this person carries himself, it is clear that he is used to being the first in EVERYTHING.
Lake Beloye is so charming because AROUND it there is dense, varied vegetation.
It’s hard to even imagine WHAT WOULD happen to me IF the ship was late.
BECAUSE of how concentratedly silent L.N. Tolstoy was, his loved ones could guess HOW hard his brain was working now.

Answer: that’s why it’s around.
14. Indicate the number(s) replaced by N.

In some of Rembrandt’s paintings there is a subterranean festiveness: even the shadowed silhouettes of people are filled with the warmth and breath of chiaroscuro.
Explanation.
In some of Rembrandt's paintings there is a genuine festivity: even the shaded silhouettes of people are filled with warmth and the breath of chiaroscuro.

Filled- short participle;
genuine - adjective, originally from the word length;
SHADED - full passive participle.

Answer: 3.
15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory and he wrote the laughing priest precisely from memory.
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow.
4) I excitedly examined the house and the paintings in it and its inhabitants.
5) Yours inner world tuned subtly and faithfully and responds to the most inconspicuous sounds of life.
Explanation.
Let's put punctuation marks. We will indicate two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Let's write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members. Repeated conjunction "or".
2) (V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory), and (he wrote the laughing priest precisely from memory). SSP
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow. Two different rows homogeneous members.
4) I excitedly examined the house, the paintings in it, and its inhabitants. Two commas for repeated conjunctions.
5) Your inner world is finely and faithfully tuned and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life. Two different series of homogeneous members.

Answer: 1, 2.
16. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

All events (1) thought out (2) and experienced by F.I. Tyutchev (3) clothed themselves with it artistic images(4) rising to the heights of philosophical generalization.
Explanation.
All events thought out and experienced by F.I. Tyutchev, he clothed himself in artistic images that rose to the height of philosophical generalization.

Two separate participial phrases: both stand after the main word according to the GS + PO scheme.
ZPT 2 is not placed between homogeneous definitions.

Answer: 1, 3, 4.
17. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

While studying literary creativity, IN AND. Dal (1) of course (2) considered the creation of the “Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” to be the main work of his life. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries (4), he wrote down the first word for this book (3) at the age of eighteen.
Explanation.
While engaged in literary creativity, V.I. Dahl, of course, considered the creation of the “Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” to be the main work of his life. According to contemporaries, he wrote down the first word for this book at the age of eighteen.
Both are introductory.

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4.
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

A.S. Pushkin and his young wife stayed with Demuth (1) whose hotel (2) (3) at that time was considered the most famous in St. Petersburg.
Explanation.
A.S. Pushkin and his young wife stayed at Demuth's? (whose hotel at that time was considered the most famous in St. Petersburg).

Answer: 1.
19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Sergeev went ashore (1) but (2) when he saw an unfamiliar Chinese man on a huge pile of oranges at the pier (3) he suddenly felt piercingly and clearly (4) how far his homeland was from him.
Explanation.
[Sergeev went ashore, but (when he saw an unfamiliar Chinese man on a huge pile of oranges at the pier), he suddenly felt piercingly and clearly] (how far his homeland is from him).
Comma 2 is not placed according to rule BP 6 (see rule for the assignment).
PTA 1 is placed before with homogeneous members.
Answer: 1, 3, 4.
20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Lazar Borisovich was a rural pharmacist, although all his life he dreamed of being involved in literary creativity and even published some of his works.
2) The narrator does not agree with Lazar Borisovich’s opinion that only knowledge of life will help one become a real writer.
3) A village pharmacist came to the house of the narrator’s relatives.
4) The narrator graduated from high school and was going to go to university to later become a writer.
5) A real writer must be a real hard worker, knowing and understanding life in all its manifestations.
(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) This pharmacist’s name was Lazar Borisovich. (3) At first glance, he was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5) On his wide nose, the pince-nez on the black ribbon barely held on. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.
(7) Once I went to Lazar Borisovich at the pharmacy to buy powders for Aunt Marusya. (8) She started having a migraine. (9) While grinding powders for Aunt Marusya, Lazar Borisovich talked to me.
“(10) I know,” said Lazar Borisovich, “that youth has its rights, especially when the young man graduated from high school and was about to enter the university. (11) Then there’s a carousel in my head. (12) You are a pleasant young man, but you do not like to think. (13) I noticed this a long time ago. (14) So, please, think about yourself, about life, about your place in life, about what you would like to do for people!
“(15) I’ll be a writer,” I said and blushed.
- (16) A writer? – Lazar Borisovich adjusted his pince-nez and looked at me with menacing surprise. - (17) Ho-ho? (18) You never know who wants to be a writer! (19) Maybe I also want to be Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
- (20) But I already wrote... and published.
“(21) Then,” said Lazar Borisovich decisively, “be so kind as to wait!” (22) I’ll weigh out the powders, take you out, and we’ll figure it out.
(23) We got out and walked across the field to the river, and from there to the park. (24) The sun was sinking towards the forests on the other side of the river. (25) Lazar Borisovich plucked the tops of the wormwood, rubbed them, sniffed his fingers and spoke.
- (26) This is a big deal, but it requires real knowledge of life. (27) Right? (28) And you have very little of it, not to say that it is completely absent. (29) Writer! (30) He must know so much that it’s even scary to think about. (31) He must understand everything! (32) He must work like an ox and not pursue glory! (33) Yes! (34) Here. (35) I can tell you one thing: go to the huts, to fairs, to factories, to flophouses! (36) To theaters, to hospitals, to mines and prisons! (37) Yes! (38) Be everywhere! (39) May life permeate you! (40) To get a real infusion! (41) Then you will be able to release it to people like a miraculous balm! (42) But also in known doses. (43) Yes! (44) He talked for a long time about the vocation of a writer. (45) We said goodbye near the park.
“(46) You’re wrong to think that I’m a loafer,” I said.
– (47) No! - Lazar Borisovich exclaimed and grabbed my hand. - (48) I’m glad! (49) You see! (50) But you must admit that I was a little right, and now you will think about something. (51)Huh?
(52) And the pharmacist was right. (53) I realized that I knew almost nothing and had not yet thought about many important things. (54) And he accepted the advice of this funny man and soon went among the people, into that worldly school that no books or abstract thoughts can replace.
(55) I knew that I would never believe anyone, no matter who told me that this life - with its love, the desire for truth and happiness, with its lightning and the distant sound of water in the middle of the night - is devoid of meaning and reason. (56) Each of us must fight for the affirmation of this life everywhere and always until the end of our days.
(according to K. G. Paustovsky*)
* Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892–1968) - Russian Soviet writer, classic of Russian literature. Author of short stories, novellas, novels, among them “The Tale of Life”, “Golden Rose”, “Meshchera Side”, etc. Explanation.
The content of the text corresponds to statements numbered 3, 4, 5.

Statement number 3 is confirmed by sentences in text No. 1, No. 7: Uncle Kolya and Aunt Marusya may well be relatives.
Statement number 4 is confirmed by text sentences No. 10, No. 15: the pharmacist, addressing the narrator, tells us that the narrator graduated from high school and is going to go to university, and the narrator himself - that he is going to become a writer.
Statement number 5 is confirmed by sentences from the text numbers 26-43.
Statement number 1 does not correspond to the content of the text, because the text does not say that Lazar Borisovich published his works.
Statement number 2 does not correspond to the content of the text, because the narrator is convinced that the pharmacist is right, as evidenced by sentence number 52.

The task is not entirely correct, since statement number 3 can be interpreted in different ways: on the one hand, Uncle Kolya and Aunt Marusya may well be relatives, on the other hand, the narrator can call people older than himself in age uncle and aunt.

Answer: 3, 4, 5
21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentences 4–6 contain a description of a person’s appearance.
2) Sentences 7–9 contain a description.
3) Sentences 30–32 contain reasoning.
4) Propositions 52 and 53 are contrasted in content.
5) Propositions 55, 56 contain reasoning.
Explanation.
We will indicate the answer numbers.

1) Sentences 4–6 contain a description of a person’s appearance. Yes.
2) Sentences 7–9 contain a description. No, this is a story.
3) Sentences 30–32 contain reasoning. Yes.
4) Propositions 52 and 53 are contrasted in content. No.
5) Propositions 55, 56 contain reasoning. Yes.

Answer: 1, 3, 5.
22. From sentences 1–6, write down a phraseological unit.
Explanation.
3) At first glance, he was a rather strange pharmacist.

Answer: at first sight.
23. Among sentences 1–6, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a possessive pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).
Explanation.
(4) He wore a student jacket. (5) On his wide nose, the pince-nez on the black ribbon barely held on. The possessive pronoun his in sentence 5 refers to the word he in sentence 4.

Answer: 5.
24. Read a fragment of the review. It discusses language features text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the blanks with numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list.

“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. Thus, the tropes: (A)_________ (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and (B)_________ (sentence 39), reception – (B)_________ (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of the pharmacist, but also help understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. A syntactic means of expression such as (G)_________ (for example, sentences 48, 49) helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards the young interlocutor.”

List of terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members

3) irony
4) introductory words
5) litotes
6) metaphor

8) opposition
9) epithet

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
A B C D

Explanation.
“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. Thus, the tropes: (A) epithets (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and (B) metaphor permeated life (sentence 39), technique - (C) opposition (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of the pharmacist, but and help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. A syntactic means of expressiveness such as (D) exclamatory sentences (for example, sentences 48, 49) helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards the young interlocutor.”

List of terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members
2) interrogative sentences
3) irony
4) introductory words
5) litotes
6) metaphor
7) exclamatory sentences
8) opposition
9) epithet

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
A B C D
9 6 8 7
25. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is graded 0 points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
Explanation.
Main problems Author's position
1.The essence of writing as a vocation
(What is the essence of a writer’s work?)1. The profession of a writer is an affirmation of life “everywhere and always until the end of one’s days.”
2. The problem of the writer’s personality. (What should a real writer be like?) 2. A writer must work hard, neglecting fame, and understand life in all its manifestations, be literally saturated with it, in order to be able to convey all that is most necessary and in “known doses” to people

57 interactive exercises

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Remember!

There are no double consonants in the words:

Grima With a, di l er, ha l hereya, co R idor, and l yuminium, pie With oh, dar m oh, dar m atic, ha l oops, ugh R or, ra With ah, ma With ony, opera T ka, gra m father, director With ah, dro and oh, ko l quality, ka R icature, Krista l ny, colo n ka, kava l eria, tsimba l s, uh m game, ro With Omaha, problem m oh, I'll sell With er, actress With ah, tro With, A m unicia, di l Izhans, with n ata, ste l ah, ska l odoro m, to m ical, so l as much

(1)In ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source of human existence. (2)<…>urban residents often had a farm outside the city and used what it provided. (3) At the same time, the terrain of Greece was not favorable for agriculture: approximately three-quarters of the territory was occupied by mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) About three quarters territories Ancient Greece occupied mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.
2) Agriculture, despite the fact that relief did not contribute to development agriculture, was the main one in Ancient Greece.
3) B Ancient Greece city ​​residents often used fruits of agricultural activity.
4) Basic source of human existence V Ancient Greece was Agriculture, although relief was unfavorable for agriculture.
5) Basic source of livelihood for city residents Ancient Greece was Agriculture.

In carrying out this task, first of all try to find two identical statements without reading the text. If you find it difficult to grasp the idea of ​​the text right away, highlight the key words, as we did. Look at the highlighted words. It is obvious that the keywords completely coincided in sentences 2 and 4. In 1 there are no fruits of agriculture, in 3 and 5 there is no relief.
Now check your version by reading the text, and we will be convinced that we are right.

Answer: 24

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
And although
If
Even
Just
If only

This task needs no explanation. Either you are a native Russian speaker or you are not. Obviously, the only word that fits is even.

Answer: even.

Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOURCE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOURCE, -a; m.
1) That which gives rise to something., where something comes from. I. light. I. all evil.
2) Written monument, the document on which scientific research is based. Sources for the history of the region. Use all available sources.
3) The one who gives smb. intelligence about smth. He is reliable and... Information from the right source.
4) Water jet, coming to the surface from underground. Healing and. Hot and. I. mineral water.

So, we have a sentence "In Ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source existence of man." and a dictionary entry interpreting the word SOURCE. This task concerns polysemantic words. You need to determine in what meaning the word is implemented in this text. Highlight each point keyword(in scientific terms - categorical seme). It's a no brainer that the source of existence cannot possibly be written monument or those who provide information. Options 2 and 3 are eliminated. A water stream, in principle, can be a source of existence. But the text does not talk about water. But agriculture gives rise to normal life ancient Greeks.

Answer: 1.

4

In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

Busy
to the bottom
gave
Let's call
blinds

This is an easy question. Everyone knows that it is correct to “call”. In general, if question 4 causes you difficulty, purchase our spelling simulator, and you will be happy. In an hour you will remember all the correct accents.

Answer: we call.

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct a lexical error by choosing
to the highlighted word paronym. Write down the chosen word.

Soon cellular subscribers will be able to pay for metro travel from their phones.
HUMANISM as a concept and way of human existence, having emerged in the Renaissance, runs through the entire history of mankind.
My classmate WEARED a Santa Claus costume and congratulated the town residents.
Even in the era of PRACTICAL people, those who fight injustice appear.
FRIENDLY relationships can exist between like-minded people.

To answer the fifth question of the test, you need to familiarize yourself with the paronymic minimum for 2016, posted on the FIPI website. Let us remind you that paronyms are similar, but still different words. Their meanings may be almost the same, or they may be very different. In order to catch the difference, you need to know well the meanings of all the words from the paronymic minimum.
The word "dressed" is used incorrectly here. Although we often say this, it’s still correct to put it on. They dress the person, put on clothes and shoes. It’s easy to remember: “put on clothes, put on Hope.”

Answer: put it on.

In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

THEIR sisters
drink from SAUCERS
no BOOTS
even RICHER
about FIVE HUNDRED people

This task concerns the form of words. There are a lot of rules governing the choice of word form. They are studied in courses on the stylistics of the Russian language and the culture of speech. These rules appear sporadically in school textbooks, so full responsibility Preparation for this task rests with the school teacher and, of course, with yourself. If you realize that you don’t know this material, start studying immediately. We have a recording of a webinar on this topic on our website. Buy a subscription to access webinars and recordings and watch the lecture, because we won’t be able to quickly explain why this is the answer.

Answer: saucer.

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: to each position of the first
column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

A) a violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate.
Are looking for:
a) breaks the main clause with subordinate clauses and see if the subjects and predicates in each pair agree (these are constructions like Those who... Many of those who... All who);
b) abbreviations, define the keyword and see if it agrees with the predicate in gender and number;
V) geographical names, we determine the gender of nouns by gender (river - she, city - he, etc.), see if this subject agrees with the predicate by gender.
d) words whose gender many do not know (chimpanzee, cockatoo, veil, etc.), see if these words are consistent with the predicate by gender. A list of such words is in the same stylistics reference books or in our course Preparing for the Unified State Exam 2016.

Of all the above in the sentences we find only the construction everyone who... in the 2nd sentence. Let's look carefully: " All , who listened speech by the professor, once again was I was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech." The bases of 2 sentences are highlighted in color. In the base of the main sentence, the subject and predicate "everything was" are not consistent in number.

A - 2. After making a decision, do not forget to cross out these options in the CIMs so that they no longer bother you.

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition.
We are looking for derivative prepositions. Come across especially often thanks, in agreement, in spite of. These prepositions require the dative case. Let's see if there are any such words in the proposed sentences. Bingo! Sentence 5: “Contrary to the recommendations of doctors, the athlete did not reduce the load during training.” Let's look at what case the word "recommendations" is in. What? Recommendations. Genitive case, a d.b. dative.

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

First of all, find sentences that contain an adverbial phrase. Their M.B. some. Let us recall the questions of gerunds: doing what? what did you do?

We have 2 sentences with participial phrases:
3) Low on the horizon, creates a misconception about the size of the Moon.
4) Finding yourself in the house of strangers, wait until you are introduced.

We emphasize the basics: “a view is being created” and “wait.” We make sure that the offers are not impersonal. If you see something impersonal, there is definitely a mistake there. Participial phrases cannot be used in impersonal sentences. Now let's see that the action described in participial phrase, was done by the one named in the subject. The view cannot be low on the horizon. While you wait, you may end up in the house of strangers. Error in sentence 3.

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
Look for other people's words in quotation marks and the words “said”, “asked”, “thought”, “wrote”, etc. We don't have quotes. But the word “asked” is there.

7) I'm surprised asked what where is the fortress?
The words "Where is the fortress?" not changed, they should be framed as direct speech, but the author of the proposal made a hybrid of direct and indirect speech.

D) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
First of all, we take sentences that generally have homogeneous members. And we pay attention to the presence of double conjunctions in sentences (not only..., but also..., both..., and..., not so much..., but..., etc.)
We have already dropped offers 2, 5, 3, 7. There are no homogeneous members in 4, 6. We look carefully at the remaining proposals:

1) Wildlife sanctuaries are being created How for supporting , so and to restore the numbers of rare animal species that are in danger of extinction.
8) In Famus society they are valued Not only nobility and honesty, Aservility and sycophancy.
9) The entire work of the writer E. Nosov is a great wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous in soul.
We look at the meaning of homogeneous members and make sure that they do not correlate as part and whole, genus and species, and do not turn out to be verbs different types or with different controls. Let's look at unions. So. There are no such conjunctions as “not only..., but...” or “not only..., but...”. This is our mistake.

Answer: 25378

8.

Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Try...to try
be proud
bicycle..ped
national..national
adr..poke

To answer this question we need to remember. The root here is ber-bir. It is written bir, because there is a suffix A.

Answer: make your way.

Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

O..gave, by..crossed - the prefixes from and under do not change
pr..krepil, pr..grada - learn the meaning of the prefixes PRE and PR. Attached - meaning "attachment", obstruction - meaning close to PERE
and..tormented, ra..burnt - Tormented - voiceless S before voiceless T, rage - voiced Z before voiced F
pos..yesterday, r..collected - pose, time - unchangeable prefixes
for..played, pod..skat - played - the prefix ends in a vowel, at the root I, find - the Russian prefix ends in a consonant.

Answer: sorted it out the day before yesterday

Doctor...
get upset
double..double
unpretentious
smiling

This and task 11 are best completed by pronouncing the words. If you are a native speaker, you will most likely hear the correct version. But, of course, you can learn that the suffixes CHIV and LIV are written with I and repeat all the rules about verb suffixes.

Answer: heal.

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.

Dry..sew
laid out..sew
jump out...shit
independent
feed..seat

Here we had to remember that the verbs “shave” and “lay” belong to the 1st conjugation.

Answer: you will lay it out

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

M. Gorky received (NOT) LESS than five or six letters every day.
The air, which has not yet become sultry, is pleasantly refreshing.
(NOT) PICK IN THE SKY, GIVE THE TIT IN YOUR HANDS.
(IN)CORRECT, but pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
Ambition is a (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, but a thirst for power.

When completing this task, to avoid confusion, first number the sentences or put parentheses:

1. M. Gorky received every day (NOT) LESS five or six letters.
2. Air, not yet (NOT) BECOME sultry, pleasantly refreshing.
3. (NOT) SULI pie in the sky, give the bird in your hands.
4. (IN)CORRECT, But Pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
5. Ambition is the (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, A thirst for power.

Now let's talk. Read all the highlighted words and identify them. Are they all used without NOT? Everything is here, but often the correct answer can be discovered at this stage.
See if we have pronouns (except negative ones). There are no such. Let us remind you that pronouns are NOT written separately. Negatives have their own rule.
Are there any words with hyphens (not always separated from them). There are no such.
Now let's see if there are unions A and BUT. Eat! in 4 and 5 sentences. We know that with the conjunction A NOT is written separately, and with BUT it is written together. We have the correct answer, but we still need to check all the other options.
1. The value of the degree is separate.
2. Participle with a dependent word - separately.
3. Not with a verb - separately

Answer: incorrect.

Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

1. (B)CONTINUED She was mostly silent during the conversation, and it was difficult for me to understand WHY (WHY) she came.
2. (BY) the way this person behaves, it is clear that he is (IN) EVERYTHING used to being the first.
3. Lake Beloye (FROM) is charming because (IN) AROUND it there is dense, varied vegetation.
4. It's hard to even imagine TO) happened to me IF the ship was late.
5. (BY) BECAUSE L.N. was silent in concentration. Tolstoy, his relatives could guess (HOW) HOW hard his brain is working now.

Again, we number or delimit the sentences and begin to reason.

First, find words that are exactly spelled with a hyphen (it's easier). But there are none here.
Look for the words "During(s)" and "in continuation(s)". They are often given and are always written separately, regardless of the meaning. There is such a thing. Sentence 1 can be crossed out.
See if there are words WHAT(WHAT), SAME(SAME) and SO(SAME). Everything is simple with them too. See if the particle can be removed. There is something like this in sentence 4. The particle can be removed or rearranged: what would not happen to me. Cross out the 4th.
Now we have to think about the meaning. There is the way this person carries himself (that manner, that way). There is how intensely Tolstoy is silent. And the reason doesn't matter here. 2 and 5 are eliminated. That leaves 3. You can argue about (FROM) THAT, but we know everything else for sure. This task is solved by the method of elimination.

Answer: because around

Indicate the number(s) replaced by N.

In some of Rembrandt’s paintings there is a subterranean festiveness: even the shadowed silhouettes of people are filled with the warmth and breath of chiaroscuro.

1 - N+N (the root goes back to the old - tench - a torture stick).
2. participle with prefix - NN
3. short participle - N

Answer: 3

Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory and he wrote the laughing priest precisely from memory.
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow.
4) I excitedly examined the house and the paintings in it and its inhabitants.
5) Your inner world is finely and faithfully tuned and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life.

Let's place the signs:

1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members. - homogeneous members with a repeating union.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory, and he painted the laughing priest precisely from memory. - divide 2 simple sentences, SSP
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow. - there are no signs, And in different rows of homogeneous ones.
4) I excitedly examined the house, the paintings in it, and its inhabitants. - repeating conjunctions again, but now there are 3 homogeneous terms and 2 commas.
5) Your inner world is finely and faithfully tuned and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life. - again And in different rows of homogeneous ones. The test writer has no imagination.

Answer: 12

16

All events (1) considered (2) and experienced by F.I. Tyutchev(3) they clothed themselves in artistic images (4) rising to the heights of philosophical generalization.

Here we have 2 participial phrases after the words being defined. Comma 2 is not placed between homogeneous ones with a single conjunction I. Legkotnya.

Answer: 134

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.

While engaged in literary creativity, V.I. Dahl (1) Certainly(2) he considered the main work of his life to be the creation of the “Dictionary of the Living
Great Russian language". First word for this book (3) according to the memoirs of contemporaries(4) he recorded at the age of eighteen.

The introductory word and introductory expression are separated by commas on both sides. To recognize introductory words, learn them. .

Answer: 1234

Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

A.S. Pushkin and his young wife stayed with Demuth (1) whose hotel (2) at that time was considered the most famous in St. Petersburg.

In this task, the subordinate clause is always introduced by the pronoun “which”, which is not in the first place in the subordinate clause. This is an easy task. As a rule, there are no commas before or after the word “which”. But it’s better to analyze it and draw a diagram if in doubt.

Answer: 1

19

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

[ Sergeev came ashore ] (1) but ((2) when I saw an unfamiliar Chinese man on a huge pile of oranges at the pier ) (3) [ then suddenly I felt piercingly and clearly ] (4) ( how far is his homeland from him? ) .

This is a difficult task. Be sure to do parsing and draw a diagram or at least place brackets in the sentence to understand each conjunction.
We should be wary of the BUT WHEN construction, because this is often what the junction of conjunctions connecting sentences looks like.
Before BUT, always cold-hearted.
Whether to put a comma between BUT and WHEN is debatable. If we assume that BUT connects sentences 1 and 3 (as we did), then you need to try to take out the subordinate clause and read the sentence without it: Sergeev went ashore, but suddenly he felt piercingly and clearly... In general, it sounds crooked. Since the clause cannot be removed painlessly, we do not put a comma between BUT and WHEN.
However, there is another way of reasoning. What if BUT connects not sentences, but homogeneous predicates: Sergeev went out, but felt "? Then a comma is needed. If BUT is not involved in connecting sentences, the rule about joining conjunctions does not need to be applied.
We still settled on the first option; part of the conjunction TO prevents the sentence from being complete. If someone offers their arguments in favor of the 2nd comma, we will listen with great attention. Write in the comments.
Commas 3 and 4 are needed in any case. They share offers and there is no reason not to put them.

Answer: 134

20

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

2) The narrator does not agree with Lazar Borisovich’s opinion that only knowledge of life will help one become a real writer.

5) A real writer must be a real hard worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations.

Many were alarmed by paragraph 4, because the text did not directly say that the narrator wants to go to university to become a writer. But from the text it is clear that the pharmacist has known the boy for a long time and, most likely, knows about the boy’s intentions to go to university. See sentence 10. The point is slippery, but we still choose 4.

Answer: 345

21.

Which of the following statements are true? Indicate the answer numbers.

1) Sentences 4–6 contain a description of a person’s appearance.
2) Sentences 7–9 contain a description.
3) Sentences 30–32 contain reasoning.
4) Propositions 52 and 53 are contrasted in content.
5) Propositions 55, 56 contain reasoning.

(4) He wore a student jacket. (5)On his wide nose barely holding on pince-nez on a black ribbon. (6) There was a pharmacist a short, stocky and very sarcastic man. - it is obvious that there is a description of the person.

(7) Somehow I let's go to Lazar Borisovich at the pharmacy for powders for Aunt Marusya. (8) She has migraine started. (9)Rubbing powders for Aunt Marusya, Lazar Borisovich talked with me. - the actions of the characters are listed, there is no description.

(30)He must there is so much to know that it’s even scary to think about. (31) He must understand everything! (32) He must work like an ox and don't chase glory! - we are talking about obligation, and not about real actions, there is no description: this is reasoning.

(52) And the pharmacist was right. (53) I realized that I knew almost nothing and had not yet thought about many important things. - the boy agrees with the pharmacist, there is no opposition.

(55) I knew that never to anyone I will not believe, Who would to me didn't say anything, what is this life– with her love, the desire for truth and happiness, with her lightning and the distant sound of water in the middle of the night – devoid of meaning and reason. (56)Every from U.S must fight for the affirmation of this life everywhere and always until the end of your days. - we are not talking about real actions, but about hypothetical and necessary ones; reasoning about the meaning of life confirms the hypothesis: here is reasoning.

Answer: 135

22.

Write out the phraseological unit from sentences 1–6.

(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) This pharmacist’s name was Lazar Borisovich. (3) At first sight he was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5) On his wide nose, the pince-nez on the black ribbon barely held on. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.

Are looking for set expressions. There is one thing here, you can’t confuse it.

Answer: at first glance.

Among sentences 1–6, find one that is related to the previous one using possessive pronoun. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) Called this pharmacist Lazar Borisovich. (3)At first sight This there was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5)On his His wide nose could barely hold his pince-nez on the black ribbon. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.

We circle all the pronouns and everything that looks like them. Let's see which word answers whose questions? whose? whose? This is the word in sentence 5. There are no options here. But the word HIS is not always a possessive pronoun. Please note: the sentence OH in the genitive case may appear next to it. For example: only his and saw it! Whose question? won't fit anymore.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Paste
in place of gaps (A, B, C, D) there are numbers corresponding to the numbers of terms from the list. Write down in the table under each letter
the corresponding number. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with those given in the form.
samples.

“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. So, the tropes: (A)_________ (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and
(B)_________ (sentence 39), technique - (C)_________ (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of the pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. A syntactic means of expression such as (G)_________ (for example, sentences 48, 49) helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards the young interlocutor.”

List of terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members
2) interrogative sentences
3) irony
4) introductory words
5) litotes
6) metaphor
7) exclamatory sentences
8) opposition
9) epithet

To complete this task, first look for clues. In the text with gaps there may be terms: tropes, syntactic means, lexical device, welcome. These are the tips. If you decide on a match, you will have to choose not from 9, but from 2-4 terms.

Hints given:
“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. So, trails:(A)_________ (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and
(B)_________ (sentence 39), reception– (B)_________ (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of a pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. The following helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards his young interlocutor: syntactic device expressiveness, like (D)_________ (for example, sentences 48, 49).”

Let's define the terms:

1) a number of homogeneous members - a syntactic means
2) interrogative sentences are a syntactic device
3) irony - trope
4) introductory words - syntactic means
5) litotes - trope
6) metaphor - trope
7) exclamatory sentences - a syntactic device
8) opposition - technique
9) epithet - trope

Download the table of terms correspondence

It is immediately clear that the only technique can be opposition. You don't even have to look at the text. AT 8.
Now choose:
“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person” - either irony, or litotes, or a metaphor, or an epithet. Litotes disappears immediately, there is no understatement here, litotes are generally extremely rare in texts. Metaphor and irony are associated with transfer by meaning; there are no transfers here. What remains is the epithet. A - 9.

(39) So that life permeates you! What remains is metaphor, irony and litotes. Litota again immediately disappears. There is no irony here, but there is a metaphor. B - 6.

(48) I’m glad! (49) You see!
In these 2 short sentences we are looking for series of homogeneous members, introductory sentences, question words and exclamatory sentences. In order to recognize exclamation marks, you don’t even have to graduate from school. Of course, G - 7.

Answer: 9687

25.

Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

1) Lazar Borisovich was a rural pharmacist, although all his life he dreamed of being involved in literary creativity and even published some of his works.
2) The narrator does not agree with the opinion of Lazar Borisovich that only knowledge of life will help you become a real writer.
3) A village pharmacist came to the house of the narrator’s relatives.
4) The narrator graduated from high school and was going to go to university to later become a writer.
5) A real writer must be a real worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations.

There are only 2 theses here, but they are about the same thing.

Of course, this text is also about the importance of choice. life path, and about the complexity of this choice.
And at the end there is something about the meaning of life, but this will be very far-fetched.

Still, we would focus on the theses from task 20. It clearly expresses author's position for K3.
What arguments to give. We need examples of real writers who have studied life. The novel “How the Steel Was Tempered” and the biography of its author are ideal. You can take M. Gorky's "Childhood", "In People". As a negative example, Ryukhin from “The Master and Margarita” (a bit of a stretch, but it will do). A second example would be a biography of any writer who you believe studied life and then wrote about it. For example, Vladislav Krapivin created the “Caravelle” detachment, built yachts with children, taught members of the detachment to fencing, and went on hikes. Of course, it was easy for him to write for children. "The Boy with the Sword" is a novel about squad life. A.S. Makarenko writes a novel "Pedagogical Poem" about the re-education of juvenile delinquents in a nursery labor colony, the creator and leader of which in the 20s of the twentieth century was the author himself. Famous story the same Paustovsky's "Telegram" was written based on real story, which Konstantin Georgievich learned about while traveling around the country. Remember the writers who went through the war and wrote about the war. There are plenty of examples.

History knows many people who consider themselves writers and have even been repeatedly published in the media. However, only a few of them achieved fame and took their place in the history of literature, and there are many reasons for this. What is the essence of writing as a vocation? Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky invites us to think about this question.

Addressing the problem, the author introduces us to a story in which a young aspiring writer was lucky enough to receive important life advice from a very wise man. The classic draws our attention to the fact that Lazar Borisovich took the profession of a writer very seriously and therefore, having learned that the hero of the story had chosen writing as his vocation, he decided to immediately initiate this young guy into all the intricacies of the profession, paying attention to the most important details. The author emphasizes that this conversation did not pass without a trace: the hero, being only at the beginning of his career, did not fully realize what it meant to have a vocation as a writer, and only after advice from the “funny man” did he seriously think about his situation and realized a lot.

Konstantin Georgievich believes that the profession of a writer is an affirmation of life “everywhere and always until the end of one’s days.” A writer must work hard, neglecting fame, and understand life in all its manifestations, be literally saturated with it, in order to be able to convey everything that is most necessary and in “known doses” to people.

I completely agree with the author’s opinion and also believe that the essence of writing as a vocation is constant analysis life, in work and dedication, in active life position: you need to know everything about everything in order to be able to convey it to people in the right doses. A real writer should not pursue fame - his only goal should be a “miraculous balm” from the endless flow of information.

In D. London's novel "Martin Eden" the author introduces us to the fate outstanding writer who came to glory through thorns. Main character, Martin Eden, realizing his desire to write, feeling an urgent need to throw out all his accumulated knowledge on paper, faced many difficulties, among which were disapproval from loved ones, poverty, and ordinary editors who were unable to see real talent. However, the hero, not driven only by an empty desire to gain fame, continued to read a huge number of books, remember his difficult past, analyze all the beauty of the present and write about it, again and again bypassing all obstacles. Martin Eden understood a lot, felt and saw a lot, he wanted to convey all this to people, every day improving his writing skills more and more, and after a while, after months, years of hard work and poverty, he was able to convey his creativity to people.

We encounter a similar situation in the novel by M.A. Bulgakov’s “The Master and Margarita”, which, as you know, also tells about the fate of the author himself. The writer introduces us to the story from the life of the Master, who sacrificed creativity on the altar most your life, your health. The hero literally lived his novel, because he put into this work all his accumulated experience, all his accumulated knowledge, of which there was a lot, which, carefully cut, had to be conveyed to the public, but this was prevented by many factors, the main of which were amateur critics . The Master did not want fame, he only wanted his novel to find its reader, and that is why it was more painful to receive bad reviews from people who knew nothing about writing, but who refused to publish the Master. But the hero’s purpose was precisely writing, this, most importantly, Margarita understood, and therefore everything soon fell into place.

Thus, we can conclude that writing is a calling that consists of hard work and constant, multifaceted analysis of life. Not everyone is capable of this, which is why there are so few real writers who are capable of remaining in history.