Pierre Auguste Renoir show. Artist Pierre Auguste Renoir: works, paintings, biography and interesting facts. “Portrait of Jeanne Samary” and “Portrait of Henriette Henriot”

Pierre Auguste Renoir was born on February 25, 1841 in Limoges, France. The boy grew up in big family tailor Leo Renoir and his wife Marguerite, née Merle. In 1844, the Renoir family moved to Paris. At school, Auguste earned a reputation as a cheerful but serious child. Already then I discovered artistic ability and draws a lot.

Music teacher Charles Gounod, who later became famous composer, believed that Auguste should learn to sing, and attracted him to Sunday performances in the choir of the Church of St. Eustache. But singing did not attract the young man.

At the age of thirteen, Renoir began his career as a painter at the Sèvres manufactory; his job consisted of painting a white background with small bouquets of flowers, for which he received five sous per dozen. All dishes were intended for the East. The master strictly ensured that each product had the mark of the Sèvres plant.

When Pierre began to feel a little more confident, he abandoned the depiction of bouquets and began to paint figures, for the same meager fee. Evidence that his paintings were liked was the nickname “Rubens”, which his apprentices awarded him. Renoir worked in this workshop for four years, earning little money.

At seventeen, the young man lost his income. Printed decor turned out to be faster and cheaper self made. Then Renoir began to paint fans. Then he found a new job with a manufacturer who made curtains. In 1857, without taking a single lesson, he painted an oil portrait of his grandmother. Since 1862, Auguste studied at Gleyre's atelier. The only positive aspect of the short stay in the workshop was the acquaintance with Monet, Sisley, Basil, Pissarro and Cezanne.

In the forest of Fontainebleau, Auguste paints landscapes with a spatula, a technique borrowed from Courbet. The influence of Courbet is also felt in the film “Diana”. In the winter of 1863, Renoir worked in Basile's Parisian studio and painted his portrait, Basile in front of his easel. The artist’s palette brightens, the brushstroke becomes mobile and light, and begins to work in an impressionistic manner.

In Chailly, Auguste met Lise Treault, who became his favorite model. It says “Liz with an umbrella.” At the same time, the paired “Portrait of the Sisleys” was performed. “Liz with an Umbrella” attracted the attention of critics at the 1868 Salon. One drawback, the picture is poorly placed.

At the end of the sixties, Renoir began working with Edouard Manet. The desire to paint a model in the open air never left both artists. It led them to the Grenouillere bathhouse, the Paddling Pool, where everything necessary to create a bright, cheerful, light-saturated painting was collected: rowers and bathers, the unity of the poetry of life and the poetry of nature itself.

Unlike Manet's paintings, Renoir's landscapes always contain human figures. His colors are becoming lighter and lighter, his style is freer. In general, his canvases are colorful spots with blurry silhouettes. At the Salon of 1870, the artist exhibited “Bather” and “Algerian Woman,” which were well received by critics.

With the outbreak of war with Germany, Renoir, having received a summons, left for Bordeaux, where he was assigned to the tenth light cavalry regiment. But at the first opportunity the artist returned to Paris. Thanks to his friendship with Durand-Ruel, who acquired many of his works, Renoir was able to buy a large workshop in Paris and successfully performed at the Salon of Rejects in 1873.

IN next year becomes one of the organizers and participants of the first impressionist exhibition. At this exhibition in Nadar's studio, five of his paintings are shown: “Dancer”, “Lodge”, “Parisian Woman”, “Reapers”, “Woman’s Head”. Renoir was criticized less than others. He even managed to sell the “Lodge” for 425 francs.

IN big picture“The Rowers' Breakfast” featured the first appearance of a young girl, Alisa Shariga, who soon became Renoir's wife. This painting belongs to the same category as "Ball at the Moulin de la Galette" and "Boat Ride at Chatou". Another attempt was made to capture a lively crowd of people in a joyful atmosphere saturated with sunshine. In 1879, “Portrait of Madame Charpentier with Children” was exhibited at the Salon. Renoir was successful.

Travel has a special influence on Renoir's work. In 1879 visits North Africa, in 1880 he went to Guernsey, in 1881 to Italy. Renoir argued that painting should be taught in museums. Having visited museums in London, Holland, and Spain, the artist improves his technique, maintaining picturesqueness with smooth transitions of tones with a dominant greenish and gray-blue color. At the same time, the line in his paintings becomes more rigid and sharpened. Gradually returns to specific subject images.

Having paid tribute to festive scenes of city life, landscapes and depictions of flowers, Renoir moves on to nudes, where pink and peach become the dominant colors. Women's images Renoir is attracted by his colorfulness, colorfulness, and unusually lively facial expressions. The painting “Naked Woman Sitting on a Couch” can be considered with full confidence as the programmatic work of the great artist.

In 1898, Renoir bought a rural house in Essois near Troyes, his wife’s homeland. A year later, the first severe attack of rheumatism forces the artist to spend the winter in the south. In 1900, the artist moved to the south of France, to Cagnes, and lived in his house on the slope of Mount Colette. Despite the arthritis that torments him, he continues to draw, returns to landscapes, paints flowers, and tries sculpture.

His style becomes more classical, and at the same time his paintings retain lightness, airiness and a unique color scheme. In 1907, “Portrait of Madame Charpentier with Children” was sold for ninety-one thousand francs. At sixty-six years old, the artist finally gained wealth and could calmly devote himself to his favorite work.

Renoir was the first of the Impressionists to gain success among wealthy Parisians. In the mid-1880s. he actually broke with impressionism, returning to the linearity of classicism, to “engrism”. Father of the famous director Jean Renoir.

Pierre Auguste Renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Date of Birth	25 February(1841-02-25 ) […]
Place of Birth	Limoges
Date of death	December 3(1919-12-03 ) […] (78 years old)
A place of death	Cagnes-sur-Mer
A country
Genre	portrait scenery still life
Studies	National Higher School of Fine Arts ( )
Style	impressionism
Awards
Signature
Media files on Wikimedia Commons

Biography

Auguste Renoir was born on February 25, 1841 in Limoges, a city in south-central France. Renoir was the sixth child of 7 children of the poor tailor Leonard Renoir (1799-1874) and his wife Marguerite (1807-1896).

Renoir's personal happiness and professional success were overshadowed by illness. In 1897 he broke right hand, falling off a bicycle. As a result, he developed rheumatism, from which the artist suffered for the rest of his life. This made it difficult for Renoir to live in Paris, and in 1903 the Renoir family moved to an estate called "Colette" in the small town of Cagnes-sur-Mer.

Creation

1862-1873. Selecting genres

1883-1890. "Ingres period"

Renoir visited Algeria, then Italy, where he became closely acquainted with the works of the classics of the Renaissance, after which he artistic taste changed. The source of inspiration during this period was Ingres, which is why art historians call this period in the artist’s work “Ingres.” Renoir himself called this period “sour.” He painted a series of paintings “Dance in the Country” (1882/1883), “Dance in the City” (1883), “Dance in Bougival” (1883), as well as such canvases as “In the Garden” (1885) and “Umbrellas” (1881/1886), where the impressionist past is still visible, but Renoir’s new approach to painting is revealed; environment written in an impressionistic manner, the figures are outlined with clear lines. Most famous work of this period - “Great Bathers” (1884/1887). For the first time, the author used sketches and outlines to construct the composition. The lines of the drawing became clear and defined. The colors lost their former brightness and saturation, the painting as a whole began to look more restrained and colder. For of this work posed: Alina Sharigo - the artist's wife and Suzanne Valadon - Renoir's model and artist, mother of Maurice Utrillo.

1891-1902. "Mother of Pearl Period"

In 1892, Durand-Ruel opened a large exhibition of Renoir's paintings, which was a great success. Recognition also came from government officials - the painting “Girls at the Piano” (1892) was purchased for the Luxembourg Museum.

Pierre Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841, Limoges - December 2, 1919, Cagnes-sur-Mer) - French painter, graphic artist and sculptor, one of the main representatives of impressionism.

Biography of Pierre Auguste Renoir

Born in 1841 in the south of France, in a poor large family. WITH early years the boy showed amazing abilities in painting. Since childhood, he earned money for the family by painting china, and attended art school in the evenings.

In 1862, Renoir successfully passed the exams and entered the School fine arts, where he met Basil, Claude Monet, Pissarro.

His longtime mistress Lisa Treo marries and leaves the artist. It was during this period that the painter met main love of his life - the young seamstress Alina Sharigo.

Having experienced several emotional separations and reunions, the couple got married in 1890, when Renoir and Alina’s first son was already 5 years old.

These years of cloudless family happiness were the best period of Renoir's life.

In 1897, due to complications from a broken arm, his health deteriorated sharply.

Father of the famous director Jean Renoir.

Renoir died in 1919 from pneumonia, before last day he continued to work in his studio.

Renoir's work

All of them were passionate about the new movement - impressionism, but the first successful artist who earned fame and considerable capital by creating paintings in this manner was Renoir.

All his life, even when he was seriously ill, he did not let go of his hand.

His work was interrupted only once, when in 1870 the artist was drafted into the army to participate in the Franco-Prussian campaign.

Having returned unharmed after the defeat of the French troops, he set to work with the same zeal, creating, together with like-minded friends, the “Anonymous Cooperative Partnership” and renewing both business and personal relationships with his favorite model Lisa Treo.

Having gained fame as a talented impressionist, Renoir in the mid-1890s entered into new stage own life.

He gradually loses interest in impressionism, increasingly returning to the classics in his works. The artist suffered from rheumatism, but even being chained to wheelchair, he continued to create new masterpieces.

Renoir is known primarily as a master of secular portraiture, not devoid of sentimentality; he was the first of the impressionists to gain success among wealthy Parisians.

In the mid-1880s. actually broke with impressionism, returning to the linearity of classicism, to Engrism.

• In the movie "Amelie" the neighbor main character Ramon Dufael has been making copies of Renoir's Luncheon of the Rowers for 10 years.

• A close friend of Auguste Renoir was Henri Matisse, who was almost 28 years younger than him. When A. Renoir was essentially bedridden due to illness, A. Matisse visited him every day. Renoir, almost paralyzed by arthritis, overcoming the pain, continued to paint in his studio. One day, observing the pain with which each brush stroke was given to him, Matisse could not stand it and asked: “Auguste, why don’t you leave painting, you’re suffering so much?” Renoir limited himself to answering: “La douleur passe, la beauté reste” (The pain passes, but beauty remains). And this was the whole of Renoir, who worked before last breath.

In 1874, an event occurred in Paris that opened new era in painting. A group of radical artists tired of conservatism ruling circles French art world, showed her work at an independent exhibition of impressionists. Then, along with the painters and the master of secular portraiture, Auguste Renoir exhibited paintings.

Childhood and youth

Pierre Auguste Renoir was born on February 25, 1841. His hometown was the commune of Limoges, located in southwestern France. The artist was the sixth child of seven children of the poor tailor Leonard and his wife, seamstress Margarita. Despite the fact that the family barely made ends meet, the parents had enough time and love to shower each of their offspring with attention and tenderness.

As a child, Pierre was a nervous and impressionable boy, but Leonard and Margarita were sympathetic to the child’s eccentricities. The father forgave his son when Auguste stole his pencils and tailor's chalks, and the mother forgave him when he drew on the walls of the house. In 1844, the Renoirs moved to Paris. Here Auguste entered church choir at the great cathedral of Saint-Eustache.

The choir director Charles Gounod, having heard Auguste singing, tried for a couple of weeks to convince his parents to give the future author of the painting “Girl with a Fan” to music school. However, in the end Pierre illusory world I preferred painting to sounds. Leonard sent his heir to the Levi Brothers factory, which produces porcelain products, when he was 13 years old. There the boy learned to draw, decorating plates, pots and vases with images coming out of his brush.

When the company went bankrupt in 1858, young Renoir, looking for other sources of income, painted cafe walls, blinds and awnings, copying the works of Rococo artists - Antoine Watteau, Jean Honoré Fragonard and Francois Boucher. According to biographers, this experience influenced the subsequent work of the graphic artist.

It was the works of the 18th century masters that awakened in the author of the painting “Rose” a love for bright colors and discreet lines. Auguste soon realized that his ambitions were limited by imitative work. In 1862 he entered the School of Fine Arts. His mentor was the Swiss artist Marc Gabriel Charles Gleyre, who adhered to the academic tradition of drawing when creating paintings.

According to this tradition, works are written exclusively in historical or mythological motif, and only dark colors predominate in the visual palette. The Salon jury accepted such canvases for the annual official exhibition, which provided an opportunity for aspiring painters to express themselves. While Renoir was studying at the academy, a revolution was brewing in the French art world.

Artists of the Barbizon school of painting increasingly depicted phenomena on their canvases Everyday life using the play of light and shadow. Also, the eminent realist Gustave Courbet publicly stated that the painter’s task is to depict reality, and not idealized scenes in an academic style. Renoir, like his fellow students Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley, knew about the revolutionary sentiments in the air.

One day, in order to indicate their position, during classes, comrades, without Gleyer’s permission, went out into the street and began to draw under open air everything that surrounded them. First of all, aspiring artists came to the forest of Fontainebleau. For 20 years, this place inspired impressionists to write masterpieces. There Renoir met the genre painter Gustave Courbet, whose influence can be seen in the 1866 painting Mother Anthony's Tavern. A canvas depicting an unidealized everyday scene life, became a symbol of Auguste’s rejection of the academic tradition of drawing.

Painting

Creative maturity comes to the impressionists at the same time - with the onset of the 70s, which marked the beginning of the best decade in their art.

These years turned out to be the most fruitful in artistic destiny Renoir: “The Henriot Family”, “Nude in Sunlight”, “Pont Neuf”, “Riders in the Bois de Boulogne”, “Lodge”, “Head of a Woman”, “Grands Boulevards” “Walk”, “Swing”, “Ball in Le Moulin de la Galette", "Portrait of Jeanne Samary", "First Exit", "Madame Charpentier with Her Children", "Dance in the City", "Cup of Chocolate", "Umbrellas", "On the Terrace", "Great Bathers" , "The Rowers' Breakfast" is far from full list masterpieces created by Auguste during this period.

It is not only the quantity that is striking, but also the amazing genre variety of works. There are landscapes, still lifes, nudes, portraits, and everyday scenes. It's hard to give preference to any of them. For Renoir, they are all links of one chain, the personification of a living, quivering flow of life.

His brush, without sinning at all against the truth, with amazing ease transformed an unremarkable maid into a foam-born goddess of beauty. This quality is manifested in Renoir’s work almost from his first steps in art, as evidenced by the painting “The Paddling Pool” (the second title is “Swimming in the Seine”).

Its plot was the liveliness of the public relaxing on the river bank, the charm sunny day, the silvery shine of the water and the blue of the air. External gloss did not captivate Renoir. He didn't want to be beautiful, but natural. To achieve this, the creator abandoned the traditional interpretation of composition, giving the work the appearance of an instantly taken photograph.

In the 80s, Renoir's works were in particular demand. Pierre painted paintings for financiers and wealthy shop owners. His canvases were exhibited in London, Brussels, and also at the Seventh International exhibition in Paris.

Personal life

Renoir loved women, and they reciprocated. If we list the painter’s lovers, giving the shortest curriculum vitae about each, the list would fill a hefty volume. The models who worked with the artist stated that Auguste would never marry. Famous muse portraitist, actress Jeanne Samary, said that Pierre, through the touch of his brush to the canvas, is united in marriage with the women he paints.

Having gained fame as a talented impressionist, Renoir entered a new stage of his life in the mid-1890s. Auguste's longtime lover, Lisa Treo, got married and left the artist. Pierre began to gradually lose interest in impressionism, returning to the classics in his works. It was during this period that the author of the painting “Dancing” met the young seamstress Alina Sharigo, who later became his wife.

Pierre met future wife in the Madame Camille dairy located opposite his house. Despite the age difference (Sharigo was younger than husband for 20 years), the mutual attraction of Renoir and Alina to each other was impossible not to notice. The well-built young lady, according to the artist, was very “cozy.”

I wanted to constantly stroke her back, like a kitten. The girl did not understand painting, but looking at how Pierre wielded his brushes, she experienced a surprisingly exciting feeling of the fullness of life. Alina, who knew a lot about good cuisine and good wine, became a wonderful wife for the artist (although they entered into an official marriage only five years later, after the birth of their first son Jean).

She never tried to impose herself on her husband’s circle, preferring to express her attitude towards her lover and his friends through the dishes she prepared. It is known that when the lovers lived in Montmartre, Renoir’s house, with limited funds, was reputed to be the most hospitable. Guests were often treated to boiled beef with vegetables.

Having become the artist’s wife, Alina managed to make his life easier, protecting the creator from everything that could interfere with his work. Sharigo quickly gained everyone's respect. Even the misogynist Degas, having seen her once at an exhibition, said that Alina looked like a queen visiting wandering acrobats. It is known that, being married to Sharigo, the author of the painting “Two Sisters” often entered into intimacy with his models.

True, all these carnal affairs and romantic loves did not in any way threaten the position of Madame Renoir, because she was the mother of his children (the sons Pierre, Claude and Jean were born in the marriage), the mistress of his house and the one who never left Pierre’s side, when he was sick. In 1897, due to complications after a broken arm, the painter’s health deteriorated sharply. The artist suffered from rheumatism, but even being confined to a wheelchair, he continued to create new masterpieces.

The leader of the Fauvist movement, Henri Matisse, who regularly visited the paralyzed Renoir in his studio, once, unable to resist, asked about the advisability of such hard work, accompanied by constant pain. Then Auguste, without a moment’s hesitation, answered his comrade that the pain he was experiencing would pass, but the beauty he had created would remain.

Death

IN last years Renoir's works varied the same themes: bathers, odalisques, allegorical figures and portraits of children. For the artist, these images were a symbolic symbol of youth, beauty and health. Southern sun of Provence, attractiveness female body, cute face child - for the author of the painting “Bouquet” they embodied the joy of being, what he dedicated his art to.

First World War disrupted the usual course of life schedule. Thus, the artist’s wife Alina died suddenly from worries about her sons who had gone to the front. Having become a widower, tormented by illness and hunger, Auguste, by virtue of his character, did not abandon art, not overshadowed by heaviness surrounding reality. When reality no longer provided food for creativity, he drew inspiration from models and from the garden that grew on the slope of Mount Colette.

The famous impressionist died of pneumonia on December 3, 1919, having completed his last job"Still life with anemones." The seventy-eight-year-old man remained an incorrigible admirer until his last breath sunlight and human happiness. Now Renoir's works adorn galleries in Europe.

Works

• 1869 – “Splash Pool”
• 1877 – “Portrait of Jeanne Samary”
• 1877 – “First departure”
• 1876 ​​– “Ball at the Moulin de la Galette”
• 1880 – “Figures in the Garden”
• 1881 – “The Rowers’ Breakfast”
• 1883 – “Dance at Bougival”
• 1886 – “Umbrellas”
• 1887 – “Great Bathers”
• 1889 – “The Laundresses”
• 1890 – “Girls in the Meadow”
• 1905 – “Landscape near Cagnes”
• 1911 – “Gabriel with a Rose”
• 1913 – “The Judgment of Paris”
• 1918 – “Odalisque”

One of the most famous French impressionists Auguste Renoir was born in provincial town Limoges 02/25/1841. Four years later, his family moved to. Poverty forced me to earn money for a living from an early age. And since Renoir discovered his ability to draw, he found a corresponding job: hand-painting porcelain cups. Then, due to the introduction of mechanization, he lost this job. Then he got a job in a workshop that made curtains painted with scenes biblical stories. These curtains were intended for missionaries working in Africa. Having saved up money, Renoir decided to study in the studio of the artist Gleyre. There he met Basil, Monet and Sisley. They were united by a common desire to look for new approaches to image forms, style, and composition.

The birth of a painter

Renoir and Monet fell in love with working in open spaces. Every day they painted small paintings-sketches of things they saw on the streets and places of rest of people. In the suburbs of Paris on the Seine there was a place called “The Paddling Pool” - these were public baths with a restaurant. There were always a lot of people there and a festive atmosphere reigned. Renoir's painting "Bathing on the Seine" shows one of the scenes summer holiday on the water: sun glare on the surface of the river, bright clothes of Parisians, green crowns of trees - everything breathes revival, joy and living harmony. Being a gifted person in all respects, Renoir could have become a talented commander (during the Franco-Prussian War he was predicted to have a serious military career), could become a singer (his music teachers also predicted this to him). But he chose painting. He entered into an alliance with her on a great and mutual love. Therefore, it is his paintings that radiate a special warmth and joy of life throughout the entire community of impressionists. 70s: samples in the nude genre. Working with nudes is necessary for every artist. In the 70s, Renoir also painted the nude body. In past centuries, artists depicted the nude model in a mythological or historical flavor. Nudity then indicated the convention of the plot. The naked body was painted impersonally, without a shadow of individual perception, simply conveying impeccable forms. Renoir crosses the line of these canons. His “Nude” combines the genres of nude and portrait. Dark-haired young woman with attractive face, which reveals her character and mood, is calm and self-confident. Her figure is not even perfect, she is a little heavy, but at the same time beautiful. Renoir conveyed her mature feminine beauty, her rounded shapes with such love and warmth that the viewer is involuntarily conveyed the feeling of a living, quivering body.

New in the portrait genre

Renoir was always in search of perfection. The end of the seventies was marked in his art by the combination of different genres of painting. Thanks to his cheerful character, Renoir painted joyful, happy faces of friends and their girlfriends against the backdrop of green parks, in the rays of the sun, combining two genres together - portrait and landscape. This is Renoir’s painting “The Swing” (1876): a sweet, flirtatious face, fluffy curls, bows, pink clothes of a girl and a landscape full of sunlight and green trees. “Portrait of the Actress Jeanne Samary” (1877) – perhaps the most famous painting Renoir. True, there is no landscape on it, but there is a very warm background, either orange or light coral, and the living, sincere face of a red-haired beast with slightly disheveled hair and the strap of a weightless dress that has slipped off her shoulder. Renoir, unlike other impressionists, loved life in its small, sweet manifestations.

He painted scenes of casual conversation, light flirting, people sitting with a book, with flowers, with a glass of wine on the grass by the water or in a green gazebo. And the presence of children, kittens, and puppies on his canvases emphasizes the feeling of deep tenderness and joy that the author felt for his heroes and their kind, bright world. It seems that he fundamentally does not want to notice the dark sides of life. 80s. Marriage. In the large painting “The Boatmen's Breakfast” (1881), Renoir did not change his joyful sense of being. He depicts people in a friendly atmosphere fun communication. To their left is a young girl playing with a dog sitting right on the table. This girl - Alina Sharigo - after some time became Renoir's wife.

The artist was recognized by connoisseurs of painting. His cheerful paintings brought him fame: landscapes with genre scenes, portraits against a landscape background, or simply portraits of beautiful and happy people. On the slope of life. Until old age, Renoir did not change his attitude towards life and his art. His fruitful and tireless work even in his declining years is evidenced by his numerous paintings of nudes, for which the models were maids from his house. This is perceived as a hymn to life and youth that was sung great artist till the last breath. Auguste Renoir died in 1919.