The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature. Relationships between parents (fathers) and children - Unified State Exam arguments

1.In the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” we are witnessing a conflict between the old and young generations: N.P. Kirsanov cannot understand the views of his son Arkady, he tries to communicate with his friends, to be imbued with their ideas, but this attempt is doomed to failure. Arkady's friend, Bazarov, is skeptical about both Kirsanov brothers, and it even comes to the point of heated debate on many issues. We observe the same complete lack of mutual understanding at the beginning of the novel between Evgeny Bazarov and his parents.

2. In the story “Telegram” by K. Paustovsky main character Katerina Ivanovna is all alone. Her daughter lives in Leningrad, organizes exhibitions of young artists, constantly knocks out something for them, and does not remember her mother at all or very rarely. She doesn’t even have time to read her mother’s letter. Even the news of the illness of her dearest person does not really touch her. And the mother is waiting my own daughter, forgives her for this callousness towards herself, explains her indifference by being busy with work.
3. Good relationships in the family are very important both for children and for the parents themselves. And these relationships are far from ideal. You can recall an example from our history. Emperor Paul I hated his mother Catherine II. After her death, he changed most of the laws she approved. He did all this so that nothing would remind him of his mother.

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   The problem of degradation of the human personality.

1.In N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” we see this in the example of the landowner Plyushkin. The writer spoke so vividly about how this once smart, active, hospitable person gradually turned into either a “man” or a “woman”, into a “tear in the body of humanity.” A person shouldn’t degrade like that, shouldn’t sink like that, because people are thinking beings, not animals. This thought comes to mind immediately after reading the chapter about Plyushkin.
2.This problem is the center of A.P. Chekhov’s story “Ionych”. It tells the story of how a sweet, charming, intelligent, kind, hardworking person who strives to become a good zemstvo doctor gradually turns into a “pagan god”, for whom money has now become the main thing in life. But he once experienced a sincere feeling of love for Kitty, and knew how to subtly sense the beauty of nature. But the environment into which he finds himself forces him to live according to its laws, and Startsev himself is not able to resist. Along with Dmitry Startsev’s character, both his appearance and behavior changed. He is interested in patients only because he can take money from them. As a person, he has deteriorated.

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   The problem of goodness, mercy, charity, compassion, humane treatment of people, selflessness (and vice versa, the absence of this)

1.This problem exists in A. Platonov’s story “Yushka”. Nobody needs old Yushka, he is defenseless, kind, kind, but in the city many people treated him badly: both adults and children. They took out their anger, insults, failures on him, the children teased him, threw sticks and stones at the old man. But he didn’t do anything bad to anyone. People in the city didn’t even know that Yushka dressed and ate so poorly because he was saving money for his adopted daughter, who was studying to become a doctor. This girl had no one, she was an orphan, Yushka felt sorry for her and treated her like own daughter. He showed compassion and mercy to a complete stranger, but he himself suffered greatly from the cruelty of people.

2. There are many works in Russian literature in which the authors wrote about these problems. Just remember the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's Dvor". Matryona, an old Russian peasant woman, did good to people all her life, loved people and pitied them, although she herself saw almost no good from people. She selflessly helped all her neighbors who asked for help with village work, helped another Matryona with raising Kira, promised to give half of the house to Kira and even gives it away, although with pain in her heart. She feels sorry for her guest and tries to please him and feed him better. Matryona never said a bad word about anyone, never condemned anyone. The author himself called his heroine a “righteous woman,” that is, living a correct life.
3. Life modern society cruel, merciless, but this does not mean that there is no place for mercy and compassion in her. What do we know about popular artists ? Almost nothing except what flashes about them in the press. We envy their popularity, success, and wealth. And we don’t think at all that these people show such an amount of mercy and compassion that we, as they say, “never dreamed of.” Several years ago, the artist Nadezhda Babkina’s only dear person, not yet old - a brother who helped her a lot in life. This death was such a shock for her. She withdrew into herself, lost a lot of weight, her hair almost fell out, so her luxurious braid had to be cut off. And the most important thing is that she almost stopped singing, her ensemble was on the verge of collapse. This went on for about a year, until she went to an orphanage. There she saw that there were people whose lives were much worse than hers, that they had much more grief than she did. Since then, the artist constantly visits orphanages with concerts, helps a lot financially, organizes music and choral clubs for them. The children who sing with her group are pupils orphanage.
4. Recently died of a heart attack very renowned transplant surgeon S. Shumakov. All his life he saved human lives from death. He gave so many patients another 10, 15 years of life! And he didn’t do it for a lot of money. After his death they showed documentary about him, about his family. He has neither a huge mansion, nor a luxurious apartment, nor savings in the bank, because his main business in life was salvation human lives, regardless of time or your health.
5. An article was published in the newspaper “Arguments and Facts” about grandma Tonya from the city of Suzdal, who bakes pies for an orphanage, buys candy, and knits mittens for children. She sells apples, cucumbers, and souvenir toys at the market, and with the proceeds she buys food for the children from the orphanage. In her yard she set up a children's playground in which all the surrounding children play. But Grandma Tonya receives a pension of 4 thousand rubles, but this does not stop her from doing good. Baba Tonya is called a “saint” in Suzdal and is known by both adults and children.
6.What do we know about Raisa Mikhailovna Gorbacheva ? That she was the wife of the ex-president of the USSR, that she dressed very elegantly, that she accompanied him on all his trips abroad, often flashed on the TV screen, that she died of an incurable disease. And few of us know that long before her illness, Raisa Mikhailovna was involved in the problems of pediatric hematology and transplantology, and when she died in 1999 from leukemia, the Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Transplantology was built in her memory. And largely thanks to her efforts, childhood mortality from leukemia in Russia decreased from 90% to 30.
7. Famous actress Chulpan Khamatova I once ended up in a hospital where there were children suffering from leukemia. After this, she realized that she could not remain indifferent to their fate. Together with another actress, they established the Gift of Life charity foundation. Together with other people, she participates and organizes concerts and events in favor of sick children. Letters and transfers with different amounts are sent to the fund's address: from 10 rubles to 10 thousand euros. All money goes to purchase equipment and medicines for sick children.
8.The whole country knows the name pediatric surgeon Leonid Roshal. It was he who helped save people from the hands of terrorists in Beslan and Dubrovka. He was there because the terrorists demanded it. He could have refused, but did not do so, because he knew that the lives of children and adults depended on him, although his own was on the verge of death.
9. The newspaper “Arguments and Facts” created a charitable foundation called “AiF. Kind heart" The same name of one newspaper page in this publication. The foundation organizes fundraising for those who are very sick and require a lot of money for treatment. You can’t read these articles without tears, especially about children. The Foundation has helped and continues to help a lot of people – journalists’ articles talk about this. Most of the money is sent here ordinary people who have small pensions and salaries. This suggests that in our pragmatic times, people have not forgotten about mercy, compassion, or kindness.

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   The problem of finding the meaning of life , your place in life

1.In Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” the two main characters (A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov) are constantly searching for an answer to the question: what is the meaning of human life, why do you need to live? Bolkonsky is trying to find himself in military service, in the civilian field. And in 1812 he realized that the main thing was to be in unity with the people, so he went to fight the French.

Pierre Bezukhov is also constantly in search of the meaning of life. At first he wastes his life on trifles, carousing with Anatoly Kuragin, then he becomes interested in the Freemasons' ideas about brotherhood and equality, and he himself becomes the head of the Freemasons in Russia. But when I realized that for many members of the Masonic organization this brotherhood is only a means career growth, then Pierre broke off relations with them. Savor he is not attracted. During the War of 1812, he, an absolutely civilian, visited the Borodino field during the battle, suffered the hardships of captivity, and communicated a lot with common people, with the same people who defeated Napoleon, but remained in slavery in their country. And Pierre comes to the conclusion that this is unfair, that we need to fight for the liberation of the people. In the epilogue of the novel, Pierre becomes a member secret society, which in the future, according to the writer’s plan, was to organize an uprising in St. Petersburg on Senate Square December 14, 1925. Thus, Pierre found for himself the answer to the question: what is it worth living for?

1. The problem of alcoholism has always been very acute in our country. F. also wrote about this. M. Dostoevsky in the novel “Crime and Punishment”, in which one of the heroes, the official Marmeladov, drinks himself to death from unemployment, from terrible poverty, from troubles in his family, from hopelessness. Everyone suffers: and eldest daughter Sonya, and his wife Katerina Ivanovna, and her little children, and himself. No one can or wants to help him, everyone just laughs or mocks him. And how could one help if in St. Petersburg at that time, as Dostoevsky wrote, there were 21 drinking establishments on a street of 17 houses. So this problem was of a national scale back in the time of Dostoevsky.

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   The problem of honor and dignity

1.B XVIII-XIX centuries The men defended their honor and dignity in a duel. There are duels in Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”, and in Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time”, and in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. Officer's honor, noble honor - these were not empty words not only in the novels of that distant century, but in life too. Pushkin fought with Dantes, defending the honor and dignity of his wife and his family. These words meant a lot to him, so he himself challenged Dantes, knowing that he was a good shooter, since he was an officer and was considered an inveterate duelist.

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   Problem careful attitude man to nature (or vice versa)

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   Problem of conscience

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   Problem family relations.

1. In M. Gorky’s play “At the Bottom” there are many problems, one of them is the problem of family relationships. In the conditions in which the homeless shelters live, family life impossible. We see this in the example of the relationship between Kleshch and Anna. The tick is angry with his wife, she bothers him, he considers her a burden and is waiting for her to finally die. Anna sees no help, no sympathy from him. The relationship between them is worse than between enemies.

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1. The problem of a humane attitude towards people is revealed by M. Gorky in the play “At the Depths”. The inhabitants of the shelter do not live, but exist. Cruelty, evil, rudeness, and rudeness reign around them. They constantly argue with each other, deceive, steal, do not feel sorry for anyone and do not love anyone. With the appearance of Luka, the atmosphere in the shelter changes. He addresses the tramps with kind words, tries to console them, takes pity on many of them, for example Anna. He inspires the night shelters with hope for the best. That is why the actor, for example, stopped drinking and began saving money for a hospital, and Satin began to pronounce sublime speeches, which he had never uttered before the appearance of Luke. That is, Luke awakened something good in many shelters. That's what it is humane treatment to a person.

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   The problem of creative freedom.

1.At the beginning of the 20th century. freedom of creativity was impossible in our country. Everything was under the brutal control of the authorities. Bulgakov wrote in his novel “The Master and Margarita” that the master ended up in a psychiatric hospital for his work. After all, in the image of Pontius Pilate, he hinted at the power of his day and was punished for this.

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   Saving problem cultural heritage countries .

1.Cultural heritage plays a vital role for the country. This problem was especially relevant during the war years. During the hostilities, the Germans captured Yasnaya Polyana and wanted to destroy the house-museum of Leo Tolstoy. Even before the arrival of the Nazis local residents They managed to take out and hide all the most valuable things. The Germans, seeing that the museum was almost empty, set up a hospital in it for their soldiers, and gave part of it as stables. During their retreat, they set fire to the house-museum. Residents of the surrounding villages, seeing the smoke, rushed to put out the fire. They managed to defend the house. They understood what this museum meant to our culture.

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   The problem of preserving the memory of the war of 1941 - 1945 .

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   The problem of betrayal.

1. Betrayal is the lowest act.. During the Great Patriotic War General Vlasov surrendered an entire army. The word “Vlasovite” sounded like a stigma.

Sofya Famusova, who grew up in an atmosphere of lies and deception, carefully hides her feelings from her father, realizing that he will not allow the development of relations with Molchalin. He does everything in defiance of his father. Molchalin, on the contrary, is faithful to his moral (or immoral) credo, builds his life as his father bequeathed: to please all people without exception. Griboyedov gives the reader the opportunity to reflect on the future of both heroes.

2. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

The upbringing of Petrusha Grinev remains beyond the pages of the text, but the main thing that the young nobleman learned from communication with his father (a strict and demanding man) is the need to be true to his word, take care of honor, and observe the laws of morality. He does this to everyone life situations. Even when his father forbids him to marry his beloved Masha Mironova, he accepts his will as a mandatory requirement.

3. N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"

From Chichikov’s childhood memories, the image of a gloomy, unkind, cruel father and his instructions about the need to take care and save a penny, the only idol in Pavel Ivanovich’s life, emerges. Chichikov builds his life according to his father’s behests and succeeds in many ways.

4. A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

The relationship between mother and children in the Kabanov family is based on fear and hypocrisy. Varvara is accustomed to lying and is trying to teach Katerina this. But the brother’s wife had different relationships in the family; she does not accept her mother-in-law’s hypocrisy and fights her with her own means. The ending of such an upbringing is predictable: Varvara runs away from home, Katerina dies voluntarily, Tikhon rebels against his mother.

5. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

The “children” in the novel - Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov - at the beginning of the story act as a united front against the “fathers” in the person of Uncle Arkady - Pavel Petrovich. Nikolai Petrovich does not resist the bold and daring statements of his son and his friend. And he acts wisely and far-sightedly. Gradually, many discrepancies in his friend’s behavior are revealed to Arkady, and he returns to the bosom of the family. And Bazarov, who so easily criticizes the “romanticism” of the Kirsanovs, is absolutely sensitive to such behavior of his father, because he loves his parents and takes care of them.

6. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

The novel presents several families, in each of which relationships are built on certain principles. In the Kuragin family, this is the principle of profit and gain. Both the father and his children agree to any relationship, as long as it is profitable, that’s how marriages are made. The Drubetsky family is guided by the same principle: humiliation and servility are their tools in achieving their goals. The Rostovs live as they breathe: they enjoy friends, holidays, hunting - everything that decorates our lives. Father and mother try to be honest in everything with their children and each other. Benefits are not important to them. Practically ruining her family and herself, Natasha demands that carts be given to the wounded; this is the only thing a true patriot and merciful person can do. And the mother agrees with her daughter. The relationship between father and daughter Bolkonsky is similar. And although it seems that the father is too strict and intolerant towards his daughter, in fact, he understands too well the difficulties of his daughter’s upcoming life. Therefore, Princess Marya herself refuses Anatoly Kuragin, realizing how right her father is.

7. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Rodion Raskolnikov, explaining the reason for the murder of the old pawnbroker, says that he wanted to help his mother. In fact, he is very kind to his mother, trying to break out of the vicious circle of poverty. With trepidation and excitement, he remembers his father, from whom he was left with a watch (pawned to an old woman pawnbroker). The mother does not fully believe in the crime of her beloved Rodya.

8. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"

In the play, daughter Anya, a seventeen-year-old girl, goes after her prodigal mother, lost somewhere in Paris, in order to return her to the bosom of the family to solve problems with the estate. Ranevskaya behaves naively and stupidly. Common sense Only Varya, the adopted daughter of the same Ranevskaya, is endowed. When Lyubov Andreevna gives a gold piece to a passing beggar, Varya cannot stand it and says that there is nothing in the house, and the lady is throwing away such money. Having lost everything, Ranevskaya leaves for Paris and takes away her aunt’s money, leaving her daughters to their fate. The girl Anya is going to the capital, and it is not clear how her life will turn out, where she will get money for living. Varya goes to work as a housekeeper. Fathers and sons change places here.

9. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"

In the Melekhov family, everything rests on the power of the father. And when Panteley Prokofievich finds out about Grigory’s relationship with Aksinya, he decides to marry his son to Natalya. Gregory submits to his father's will. But, realizing that he does not love his wife, he gives up everything and goes with Aksinya to work as workers. He agrees to shame in the name of love. But time destroys everything in the world, and the Melekhovs’ house, the foundations of Cossack life, collapses. And soon no one obeys the laws of life, everyone lives as they want. Daria advances on her father-in-law with an obscene proposal, and Dunyashka puts her mother in a hopeless position and literally forces her to give her blessing for marriage to Mishka Koshev.

10. B. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was war”

The story focuses on two families, Iskra Polyakova and Vika Lyuberetskaya. Iskra's mother is a female commissar, strong-willed, domineering, and strict. But when the mother once again decides to flog her daughter with her soldier’s belt, she responds in the spirit of her mother - just as strictly and irrevocably. And the mother understands that the girl has matured. Vika and her father have a completely different relationship - warm and trusting. When the girl is faced with a choice: abandon her father or be expelled from the Komsomol, Vika decides to take her own life. She cannot abandon her beloved father, no matter what suspicions fall on him.

The problem of relationships between generations is considered one of the eternal issues of morality. Time accelerates, but people cannot keep up with it. Social institutions, codes, norms preserve the traditions of the past. The trends today, not to mention the future, turn into a storm in the musty crypt of the past.

In this article we will try to highlight not only the relationship between generations, but also the elaboration of this issue in the works of Russian writers.

The essence and origins of the problem

Today, in our fast-paced world, in the conditions of total intergenerational relationships, it becomes noticeably acute. It seems that children move away from their parents not by one, but by several steps at once.

The peculiarity of the struggle between the new and the old is that the former does not always emerge victorious. Adults have more leverage, confidence in their unshakable rightness, and the need to be an authority and leader for the child.

Next, we will look at this problem from the point of view of psychological scientists, and also find out how writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw it. The material will be especially interesting for schoolchildren who are preparing for exams. Often one of the topics is the following: “Problems of relationships between generations.” You can easily write an essay on this task after reading this article.

Today, the emphasis has shifted from the experience of older generations to the achievements of peers. The child receives almost all knowledge from his parents in an “outdated” form. These days, the lifespan of an innovation sometimes varies within a few days or hours.

In adolescence, boys and girls are forced to go through a kind of initiation stage. They need to learn to control their emotions, become reasonable and wise. This is called "growing up." The difficulty is that with the acceleration of the pace of life, parents themselves have often not yet fully formed into a holistic, mature personality. Or their image is only suitable for the heroes of a nineteenth-century novel.

The problem is that often parents cannot even tell their offspring what to do correctly in a given situation. After all, they never spent their youth in the conditions of the present time. What was previously considered revolutionary, today young people attribute to the Stone Age.

Let's look at the issue of disagreements between parents and children. How do psychologists and writers see it?

What psychologists say

If the task concerns the problem of relationships between generations, the essay can begin with the opinion of experts on this topic.

Now we will talk about some studies conducted by scientists to study the psychology of the adult generation. They believe that the main problem lies in the inability of elders to understand their inadequacy in matters of education.

It turns out that complacency and confidence in the past life experience is the standard by which the “correctness” of a child should be measured, serves as the foundation for discord. It turns out that adults speak one language, and children speak a completely different one.

Moreover, from the point of view of psychologists, the problem of intergenerational relationships often comes from the parents. The most common complaint from children is: “They don’t want to hear me.”

Experiments were conducted to confirm this hypothesis. We will provide a description and results of one of them.

The school asked tenth grade students to rate themselves on a five-point scale. It was necessary to measure personal traits, such as kindness, sociability, initiative and others. The second task was to determine how their parents would evaluate these same qualities. Older generation asked to rate their children and then predict their self-esteem.

As a result, it turned out that children understand exactly what their parents think about them, and fathers and mothers, in turn, know absolutely nothing about their offspring.
Other studies have proven, in addition to this point, a number of difficulties in relationships between children and adults. Thus, it was found that the child is more frank with his mother than with his father. The second unpleasant point is that many things that interest a teenager are not usually discussed in our society.

Themes of feelings, openness, and sexuality create an insurmountable barrier between generations in the family. This turn of events leads to formal communication and routinization of relationships.

Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons"

According to many critics, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully illuminated in the novel “Fathers and Sons.” In principle, the greatest attention is paid to it here, but you will soon see that there are other works that touch on this issue.

Ivan Sergeevich in his novel shows not just the confrontation between father and son in a single family. The problem of relationships between generations is depicted here, since Kirsanov and Bazarov are not relatives.

The first is young, nihilist, democrat and revolutionary. Pavel Petrovich is shown to be a monarchist and an aristocrat to the core. The clash of their worldviews forms the basis of the plot.

We see that Evgeny Bazarov is inclined to deny everything, putting science above all other values. The image of the landscape of Switzerland, for example, is interesting to him only from a geological point of view. He is pragmatic, trying to prove the advantage of new views. However, in the end, Evgeniy dies with the thought that Russia did not accept him.

Bazarov's antagonist is Kirsanov. He loves to talk about the “Russian idea”, the simplicity of peasant life. But in reality, all his words turn out to be an illusion. He is inclined to only talk about it, but by his actions he shows the opposite.

Like many other writers of the nineteenth century, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev finds himself on the side younger generation. Through the prism of the novel, he shows the agony of the old worldview and birth in agony new philosophy society.

Tolstoy, "War and Peace"

Next, we will consider the problem of relationships between generations in the novel “War and Peace.” Here Tolstoy, being a keen expert on human souls and motives of behavior, shows three different families. They have different social status, values ​​and traditions. Using the example of the Bolkonskys, Kuragins and Rostovs, we see almost the entire palette of Russian townspeople of the nineteenth century.

However, the novel shows not only the relationships between different generations, but also friction between different sectors of society. Bolkonsky, for example, raises children as part of serving the Fatherland. He places honor and benefit for other people above all else. This is how Andrei and Maria grow up. However old prince He often went too far in his upbringing, which he laments on his deathbed.

Kuragins are shown as the complete opposite of Bolkonsky. These are careerists who put social position above all else. Their example illustrates the cold attitude of parents towards children. The lack of sensuality and trust becomes natural for Helen and Anatole.

In fact, Tolstoy shows with the help of empty people who are interested exclusively in material values ​​and external splendor.

The Rostovs are the complete opposite. The parents are shown here fully supporting Nikolai and Natasha. Children can always turn to them for help when they need it. This family is completely different from the aristocratic Bolkonskys and the careerists Kuragins.

Thus, in the first two works we mentioned, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully revealed. It would be best to write an essay (Unified State Exam) based on these novels.

Paustovsky, “Telegram”

When discussing the problem of relationships between generations, arguments from real life will be the best. The story will touch the most painful strings human soul. It highlights the situation when children forget their parents.

This is the second extreme to which a family can go. Often the reason is not so much as harmful moments of social influence.

Sometimes unprepared for aggression real world teenagers find themselves in a whirlpool of other people's goals. They live by other people's ideals and lose themselves. If parents have failed since childhood to accustom their child to the fact that he will be accepted at home in any condition, then the young man will distance himself.

Thus, we are faced with a multifaceted problem of intergenerational relationships. Arguments in favor of proper education and others can be made, but it is better to show the terrible consequences of the deepening abyss.

It is precisely such examples that we see in the works of many writers. In Telegram, in particular, the daughter was late. When the girl came to her senses and came to visit her mother in the village, she found only a grave mound and a simple tombstone.

Paustovsky shows that pride, hidden anger and other barriers that prevent warm relations between relatives always lead to the tragedy of the “offended”. That's why the best way solutions to the problem of relationships between generations will be forgiveness and sincere desire understand your interlocutor.

Gogol, Taras Bulba

The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature also arises quite acutely in Gogol’s work. He addresses the unexpected and terrible side of the realization of this moment.

The story illustrates the father's murder of his child for the sake of his own sense of honor and pride. Taras Bulba could not forgive and survive the betrayal of ideals on the part of Andrei. He takes revenge on him for the fact that the young man did not grow up to be the person he was raised to be.

On the other hand, he punishes the Poles for the death of their youngest son, Ostap.

Thus, in this work we see the bitter truth of reality. Fathers rarely strive to understand their children. They just want to realize their concept of an “ideal life” in them.

That is why it is eternal problem relationships between generations. You will find the arguments of Russian writers in favor of the impossibility of solving it in our article. Next we will look at different areas this question.

But after reading most of the works and studies, the impression remains that along with age, the ideals of house-building awaken at the genetic level in people.

"Eldest Son" - play and film

We are currently discussing the problem of relationships between generations (the Unified State Exam often includes it in the list of tasks). Let's look at Vampilov's comedy "The Eldest Son". It was written in the late sixties of the twentieth century.

The significance of the work is that several generations are intertwined here. We see relationships between three: fathers, adults and younger children.

The essence of the comedy lies in an innocent joke that develops into a significant stage in the life of an entire family. Two friends (Busygin and Silva) stay late in a strange city and are late for transport. They are looking for a place to stay for the night.

In the city they meet Sarafanov's family. Silva tells their new acquaintance that Busygin is his son. The man takes the message at face value because he “had a sin of his youth.”

The essence of the work is that Busygin has to become a link between his father and children, who do not value their parent at all.

We see the already quite mature “youngest” Vasenka, who burns Natalya’s house out of jealousy. Nina, Busygin's sworn sister, wants to run away with her fiancé Far East, but her new brother holds her back.

Obeying an impulse of feelings, the deceiver confesses everything. Everything in the story ends well. But the main emphasis is still set. The situation is created in a comic form for easy perception and a comfortable introduction of the “family friend” into the comedy.

It is through the prism of an outsider’s view of the family that the problem of intergenerational relationships is revealed. Vampilov’s work is fundamentally different from similar works of the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is here that we see the picture that exists in our time.

The traditions of home building have actually become obsolete, but the gentleness and thoughtless love of many parents plays a cruel joke on them when their children grow up.

Griboyedov and Fonvizin

The problem of relationships between generations in “Woe from Wit” is revealed through the example of Famusov and Chatsky. Let's take a closer look at these symbolic images.

The old generation is characterized by worship of rank, wealth and position in society. It is afraid, does not understand and hates new trends. Famusov was stuck in the petty-bourgeois worldview of the last century. His only desire is to find a son-in-law for his daughter with ranks and stars on his chest.

Chatsky is the complete opposite of Pavel Afanasyevich. He not only verbally denounces the Domostroevsky foundations of the past, but with all his behavior he shows the depravity of the old and the power of the new worldview.

Molchalin is Chatsky’s peer, but contrasts with him in thoughts, goals and behavior. He is pragmatic, two-faced and hypocritical. Above all for him is a warm and financial place. That is why the young man pleases Famusov in everything, is quiet and modest with Sophia.

Chatsky has drama in his personal life. The girl he loves calls him crazy and pushes him away, preferring a “servant with rank.” But, despite this, the outcome of the comedy is shown openly to readers. It is the “carbonaris” and rebels who will replace the traditional servility and mossy behavior of the old nobles.

“The Minor” also highlights the problem of intergenerational relationships. The essay is a stunning decoding of the saying: “The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.” Here we see a separate aspect of the relationship between parents and children. Education, which is not intended to help the child find himself in life and realize himself, but to reflect the mother’s outdated picture of the world.

So, in the comedy “The Minor” we see the result that Mrs. Prostakova received. She did her best to protect the child from the “hateful” world and a corrupt society. Teachers were hired for him only because Peter the Great “bequeathed it so.” And Mitrofanushka’s teachers were not distinguished by their learning.

The comedy is written in the vein of classicism, so all the names in it speak. Teachers Tsifirkin, Kuteikin, Vralman. Son Mitrofan, which in Greek means “resembling a mother,” and Prostakova herself.

We see the disappointing results of blindly following dead dogmas without the slightest attempt to comprehend them.

Starodum, Pravdin and some other characters oppose the old traditions. They reflect the desire of the new society to see a soul in a person, and not an empty gilded shell.

As a result of the conflict, we get a completely merciless, greedy and stupid “undergrowth.” “I don’t want to study, but I want to get married,” this is the most accurate reflection of his essence.

Coverage of the problem in the works of Pushkin

One of the eternal moral issues- This is a problem of intergenerational relationships. Arguments from the life of modern society rarely fully correspond literary images. The closest situation is mentioned in "The Eldest Son", which we talked about earlier.

The works of the classics of the nineteenth century are often useful to young people only in a global sense. The general ethical and moral themes raised in them will be relevant for centuries to come.

Problems of relationships between generations are highlighted many times in Pushkin’s works. Examples include the following: “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Station Warden”, “Boris Godunov”, “ Stingy Knight" and some others.

Alexander Sergeevich, most likely, did not set himself the goal of reflecting precisely this conflict, like Tolstoy and Turgenev. The clash of generations has been part of everyday life since the days of primitive people. It’s just that over time the gap between parents and children becomes wider. This is influenced by progress, changes in social values, globalization and many other factors.

In particular, in " Stationmaster“The situation is similar to the one that Paustovsky subsequently illuminated (we talked about this above). Here Samson's daughter Vyrina escapes from her father's house with a hussar. She finds herself in city society and becomes a rich and respectable lady.

When her father finds her, he doesn't recognize her and doesn't want to accept her. new image daughters. Samson returns to the station, where he becomes an alcoholic and dies. Here the conflict is formed due to different meanings, which the heroes put into the concept of “happiness”.

IN " The captain's daughter“We see a completely different picture. Here Pyotr Grinev firmly remembered the traditional teachings of his father. Following these rules helped him save face and honor in difficult situations.

The old baron in The Miserly Knight loses his own son because he is committed to the old bourgeois principles. He does not want to change his ossified worldview, feudal views. In this essay we see too great a gap between father and son. As a result, the final severance of ties occurs.

Ostrovsky, "The Thunderstorm"

As you have already seen, if the essay should touch on the problem of relationships between generations, arguments (literary, life and others) can easily help to do this.

To conclude our article, we will give one more example, which perfectly corresponds to the task at hand. Now we will talk about Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm”.

This stunning work very clearly shows the collision of the old Domostroevsky and Of all characters Only the main character, Katerina, decides to resist the ossified tyranny of her elders.

There is a saying that Russia is a country of facades. It is in this play that this phrase is deciphered in frightening nakedness. Behind the apparent prosperity and piety of an ordinary Volga town, we discover the true evil hidden in the souls of people.

The problem is not only the cruelty, stupidity and hypocrisy of the older generation. Kabanikha and Wild tyrannize young people only when society does not see them. With such actions they are just trying to “guide” their unlucky children on the true path. However, the difficulty is that all the knowledge and traditions inherent in house-building have long ago turned from norms of behavior into an unnecessary burden.

Downside this issue the younger ones become weak-willed, weak and bestial, as well as the indifference of the rest of the townspeople to what is happening before their eyes.

The problems of relationships between generations in the drama are shown in parallel with the approaching storm. Just as nature strives to free itself from what it has accumulated, sending life-giving rain onto the petrified soil, so Katerina’s suicide makes the indifferent souls of people tremble.

Thus, we have examined the relationship between generations using examples from life, the origins and manifestations of this problem. In addition, we became acquainted with the works of many Russian writers who accurately, sharply and frighteningly truthfully illuminated this issue.

Good luck to you, dear readers! Try to find the strength to be better so as not to become boars, simpletons and other house-builders.

Block of arguments that are useful for Unified State Exam essays, which reflect:

Family relationship problem

The problem of misunderstanding in the family

The problem of neglecting family ties

The problem of conflict between relatives

The problem of the importance of family

Possible theses:

Family ties are the strongest, family is the highest value for a person, and he is ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of his relatives

Often people neglect their family for their own interests

V. I. Amlinsky novel “The Return of the Brother”

In the novel “The Return of Brother” Amlinsky demonstrates unconditional love boy to his older brother, whom he had never seen before. Ivan, who served twelve years in prison, found it difficult to get used to his new life. The guy did not live up to the expectations of little Seryozha, who was really looking forward to his brother’s return, hoping that they would become friends. But the boy did not turn away from Vanya and helped him take the right path in life.

N. V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba"

Confirmation that the family can fade into the background for a person can be found on the pages of Gogol’s famous story “Taras Bulba”. Yes, Andriy, younger son Taras, fell in love with a Polish girl, a girl from the enemy side. The hero could not watch how the beauty who had won his heart suffered from hunger along with the Poles. But helping her meant betraying your own. Love turned out to be more important than family ties, Andriy renounced his father and older brother and went over to the side of the enemy.

For Taras Bulba, the hero of Gogol's story of the same name, camaraderie and devotion to the homeland were more important than family. The old Cossack looked down on all traitors equally, even if he turned out to be one close person. When Andriy, in love with a Polish girl, went over to the side of the enemy, Taras could not come to terms with it. When meeting his son, the angry father killed his own son for betrayal, and his hand did not waver at this difficult moment.

F. M. Dostoevsky novel “Crime and Punishment”

The problem of family relationships can also be seen in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment. Dunyasha Raskolnikova loved her brother very much and was ready to sacrifice herself for his well-being. First, the girl got a job in the Svidrigailovs’ house to send money to Rodion, where she had to endure the landowner’s harassment. And then she decided to marry the unloved but rich Luzhin, in the hope that he would help pay for her brother’s education.

Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment describes self-sacrifice for the sake of the family. Sonya Marmeladova lived with her father, stepmother and stepbrothers and sisters. The family was in dire need, the children were starving, and the father was an alcoholic. In order to somehow help her family, the believer Sonya broke the commandment “do not commit adultery” by deciding to sleep with men for money, which was a very difficult step for her. This girl's action is a shining example willingness to sacrifice oneself and abandon one's own principles for the sake of the family.

B. L. Vasiliev novel “Don’t shoot white swans”

In Vasiliev’s novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans” there is a disdain for family ties. When Buryanov was removed from the post of forester for exceeding his authority and his cousin Yegor Polushkin was appointed in his place, the envious man lured his relative into a trap and beat him along with his accomplices, after which the main character died in the hospital.

Types of problem

Relationships between fathers and children

Arguments

A. Vampilov “The Eldest Son”. The problem of difficult relationships between parents and children is reflected in the literature. A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, and I.S. Turgenev wrote about this. In A. Vampilov’s play “The Eldest Son,” the author shows the attitude of children towards their father.

Both son and daughter openly consider their father a loser, an eccentric, and are indifferent to his experiences and feelings. The father silently endures everything, finds excuses for all the ungrateful actions of the children, asks them only for one thing: not to leave him alone. Main character plays sees how someone else's family is being destroyed before his eyes, and sincerely tries to help the kindest man-father. His intervention helps to overcome a difficult period in the relationship of children with a loved one.

I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.” The problem of fathers and children is revealed in I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” in the relationship of the young nihilist Bazarov with the representative of the nobility Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, as well as Bazarov with his parents. Pavel Petrovich is always impeccable and elegant. This person leads the life of a typical representative of an aristocratic society - he spends his time in idleness and idleness. In contrast, Bazarov brings real benefits to people and deals with specific problems. These heroes of the novel occupy exactly the opposite life positions. In the frequent disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, almost all the main issues are raised: about the ways of further development of the country, about knowledge of science, understanding of art and about attitude towards the people. At the same time, Pavel Petrovich actively defends the old foundations, and Bazarov, on the contrary, advocates their destruction. And to Kirsanov’s reproach that you are destroying everything, because you need to build, Bazarov replies that “first you need to clear the place.” We also see a generational conflict in Bazarov’s relationship with his parents. The main character has very contradictory feelings towards them: on the one hand, he admits that he loves his parents, on the other hand, he despises the “stupid life of his fathers.” What alienates Bazarov from his parents is, first of all, his beliefs. As people looking to the future, writers tend to side with the new generation. Turgenev, in his work “Fathers and Sons,” does not openly take sides on either side.

A. Aleksin “Mad Evdokia.” Olenka, the heroine of the story, is a talented girl, but selfish, spoiled by her father and mother. Blind parental love gave rise to Olya’s belief in her exclusivity. The reluctance to understand the feelings and experiences of loved ones and friends ultimately leads to the mother’s severe illness.

N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. Bulba believed that only then could the education of Ostap and Andriy be completed, when they learned the wisdom of battle and became his worthy heirs. However, Andriy’s betrayal made Taras a murderer; he could not forgive his son for his betrayal. Only Ostap warmed his father’s soul with his courage in battle, and then during the execution. For Taras, partnership turned out to be higher than all blood ties.

A. Amlinsky “Neskuchny garden”. Using the example of three generations of the Kovalevsky family, one can trace the influence of parents on children. In the novel, not only the son seeks answers from his father to the questions that tormented him, but the father also feels the need for spiritual communication with his son. The writer is convinced: adults must “possess the gift of understanding, and therefore empathy.” If it is not there, children will inevitably become alienated from family, school and, ultimately, from society. From misunderstanding and mistrust, the drama of relationships between loved ones, parents and children is born.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". The Russian writer A. S. Griboyedov did not ignore the problem of fathers and children in his comedy “Woe from Wit.” The work traces Famusov's relationship with his daughter Sophia. Famusov, of course, loves his daughter and wishes her happiness. But he understands happiness in his own way: happiness for him is money. He accustoms his daughter to the idea of ​​profit and thereby commits a real crime, because Sophia can become like Molchalin, who adopted only one principle from her father: to seek profit wherever possible. The fathers tried to teach their children about life, in their instructions they conveyed to them what was most important and significant for themselves.