The role of books in spiritual and moral development. Essay on the topic “Literature in human life”

The lesson begins with a traditional warm-up, the purpose of which is to differentiate linguistic means artistic expression in a poetic work. Much attention is paid to familiarization with the textbook. An analysis of an excerpt from V. Lidin’s work allows us to draw a conclusion about the role of literature in the spiritual development of a person. During a frontal survey, students give examples from history that, together with literature, form the best qualities of a person. It is traditional to comment on grades and summarize results at the end of the lesson. Homework aimed at developing students' speech and identifying reading interests in the classroom.

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Date Lesson No. 1

Literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of man

The purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of ​​literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of a person.

Tasks:

Repeat the studied linguistic means of artistic expression,

Work on the development of monologue speech of students on a given topic,

Continue the work of instilling a sense of pride in our native literature.

Equipment: textbook, handouts, interactive board, epigraph.

During the classes.

1) Organizing time. Warm-upto determine the linguistic means of artistic expression (working on task No. 3 of the OGE in the Russian language)

The dormant bell

Woke up the fields

Smiled at the sun

Sleepy land.

Quiet Valley

Drives away sleep

Somewhere down the road

The ringing stops.

Students must identify epithets, metaphor, personification, inversion. At the same time, remember the author of the lines and his works.

2) Working with handoutsbased on an excerpt from the work of Vladimir Lidin. Reading, analysis.

“The Germans were expelled from Uman, and on the streets of the city, cars, armored personnel carriers and tanks, abandoned by them in flight, stood close together, back to back. On one of the streets across broken window On the lower floor I saw piles of books piled on the floor. ...I identified the library by the shelves. ... Looking closely, I saw the mournful figures of two middle-aged women sorting out books in the next room. Some of the books were already on the shelves. I approached the women, and we met: one turned out to be a Russian language teacher, Zinaida Ivanovna Valyanskaya, the other, a librarian at the district library, Yulia Aleksandrovna Panasevich, and they dragged the books lying on the floor from underground, where they survived the entire occupation. I picked up one of the books - it was a textbook on economic geography, but after flipping through a few pages, I turned with bewilderment to the title of the book: it did not correspond to the content.

We have a lot of work ahead of us,” said one of the women, “the fact is that, by order of the Gebiets Commissioner Opp, we had to destroy all the books on the attached list... We re-glued the title pages from old textbooks and various other books, and we managed to save almost everything, that was subject to destruction... so don’t be surprised if a volume of Pushkin’s works, for example, is called a manual for embroidery.

... Two courageous women saved an entire district library by pasting them into those that were to be destroyed. Books with different titles or by putting them in different bindings. And now they were sorting out their wealth, restoring what, by order of the appointed director of the library, Kramm, they had to tear to shreds.

In Uman, in the premises of the regional library, I became convinced of the immortality of the book.

Questions for consolidation:

Why do you think the action of these two women can be considered heroic or courageous?

Bring students to the conclusion that during the Great Patriotic War, women risked their lives to save books; they re-glued the spines. Do we treat them properly now?

3) Work on the topic. An epigraph will help us understand today's topic. These are the words of M. Gorky. The great Russian writer said: “Literature is a textbook of life.” How do you understand this statement? …. (Bring students to the conclusion that the main purpose of literature is to cultivate spirituality in a person and develop his best qualities)

4) Introduction to the textbook. During grade 9 we will study works ancient Russian literature, 18th, 19th, 20th centuries. Eras will change, literary trends, currents, authors. Literature has always covered and will cover events that reflect the history of our Motherland. And we have enough events that teach honor, decency, nobility, courage, generosity, mercy. What events do you think I'm talking about now? (Liberation from the Mongol-Tatar yoke, Patriotic War 1812, Decembrist uprising on December 14, 1825, abolition of serfdom in 1861, October Revolution, Civil War, Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945....) We can “try on” the actions of the heroes for ourselves, this will help us distinguish between good and evil, black and white, truth and lies. Let's use previously studied works as an example and determine what this or that hero can teach. (“Taras Bulba” by N. Gogol, “ Stationmaster"A. Pushkin, "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom", "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov", "Mtsyri" by M. Lermontov....)

Thus, we are once again convinced of how great the role of the book is in the spiritual life of a person. And again I would like to turn to the statement of M. Gorky. At one time he wrote: “I owe everything good in me to books.” Explain how you understand this statement in 3-5 sentences. (Independent work - consolidation for 5-7 minutes)

5) Reserve. Frontal survey.

What books did you read over the summer that interested you?

What books have you read on your own, and what do you remember?

Who has their own library, favorite book, author at home?

6) Summing up, commentary on marks.

7) Homework:prepare a message of 5-7 sentences on the topic “This book must be read”

• In addition to literature, than to breathe,
• Sinking to the bottom of the sea...
• M. Shcherbakov. Whole summer

• “As a person, as a personality, the Russian writer... stood illuminated by the bright light of selfless and passionate love for the great work of life - literature, for the people tired in their work, for their sad land. He was an honest fighter, a great martyr for the sake of truth, a hero in work and a child in his attitude towards people, with a soul as transparent as a tear and bright as a star in the pale skies of Russia.” M. Gorky.

• “All of Greece and Rome fed only on literature: in our sense, there were no schools at all! And how they grew. Literature actually exists the only school people and she may be the only and sufficient school… » V. Rozanov.

• “Russian literature... has always been the conscience of the people. Her place in public life country has always been honorable and influential. She educated people and strived for a just reconstruction of life.” D. Likhachev.

• D.S. Likhachev

• Poems by Russian poets about writing, about the role of writers in society

• Ivan Bunin
• Word The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, - Only the word is given life: From ancient darkness, in the world graveyard, Only Writings sound. And we have no other property!

• Know how to protect, at least to the best of your ability, in days of anger and suffering, Our immortal gift - speech.
• A. Akhmatova Creation

• It happens like this: some kind of languor; The clock keeps ringing in my ears; In the distance, the rumble of fading thunder. I imagine complaints and groans of unrecognized and captive voices, Some secret circle is narrowing, But in this abyss of whispers and ringings One sound rises, conquering all. It’s so irreparably quiet around him, That you can hear the grass growing in the forest, How he’s walking dashingly along the ground with a knapsack... But now words are heard And light rhymes are signaling bells, - Then I begin to understand, And simply dictated lines fall into a snow-white notebook .
• B. Pastrnak
• In everything I want to get to the very essence. At work, looking for a way, In heartfelt turmoil.

• To the essence of the past days, To their cause, To the foundations, to the roots, To the core. All the time, grasping the thread of Fates, events, Live, think, feel, love, Make discoveries. Oh, if only I could, Although in part, I would write eight lines About the properties of passion. About lawlessness, about sins, Running, chasing, Accidents in a hurry, Elbows, palms.

• I would deduce her law, her beginning, and repeat her names and initials. I would plant poems like a garden. With all the trembling of the veins, the linden trees would bloom in them in a row, single file, at the back of the head. I would bring into the poems the breath of roses, the breath of mint, meadows, sedge, hayfield, thunderstorms. So Chopin once put the Living miracle of the farms, parks, groves, and graves into his sketches. Achieved triumph Game and torment - The stretched bowstring of a tight bow.

• Questions Why is literature called the art of words ? Show with examples what it is ?
• word art
• Remember the works in which the characters read books and give them their assessments. Why is literature important to them?
• What have you learned from literature about love and betrayal, about death and immortality, about nobility and meanness? Is such knowledge important for a person?
• How has literature helped your own spiritual development? - What useful things can it give? to modern man

• Blue, blue and purple hairs showed through the thin, tall stems of grass; yellow gorse jumped up with its pyramidal top; white porridge dotted the surface with umbrella-shaped caps; brought in, God knows from where, an ear of wheat was pouring into the thicket. Partridges darted under their thin roots, stretching out their necks. The air was filled with a thousand different bird whistles. Hawks stood motionless in the sky, spreading their wings and motionlessly fixing their eyes on the grass. The cry of a moving cloud wild geese reverberated in God knows what distant lake. A seagull rose from the grass with measured strokes and bathed luxuriously in the blue waves of air. There she has disappeared in the heights and only flickers like a single black dot. There she turned her wings and flashed in front of the sun. Damn you, steppes, how good you are!

• N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”

• “You want to know what I saw
• Free? - Lush fields,
• Hills covered with a crown
• Trees growing all around
• Noisy with a fresh crowd,
• Like brothers dancing in a circle.
• I saw piles of dark rocks
• When the stream separated them,
• And I guessed their thoughts:
• It was given to me from above!
• Stretched out in the air for a long time
• Their stone embraces,
• And they yearn for a meeting every moment;
• But the days go by, the years go by -
• They will never get along!

• M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri”

• Answer one of the questions in writing:
• How are people and history connected in " The captain's daughter"A.S. Pushkin?
• Which moral values affirms the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"?
• What is “bad in Russia” is ridiculed by N.V. Gogol in the play “The Inspector General” and M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in fairy tales?
• Bring to class the text “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign” - the ancient Russian text and its translation into modern Russian.

• Homework

• Thank you for the lesson!!!

The term "spiritual literature" has several interpretations. Firstly, it could be whole line books designed to encourage people to think about the meaning of life. And in a narrower sense, these are the works of holy ascetics, in which they describe their life path. Let's figure out which books can be considered spiritual.

Spiritual and moral literature: definition and its tasks

The main criterion for spiritual literature can be considered its compliance with the gospel spirit. This means that all books on such topics must first reflect the essence of biblical principles. Spiritual literature raises the eternal problem of existence, provides answers to many philosophical and religious questions, and also develops moral qualities in the character of its reader. Among other things, such reading very often describes the lives of holy people, prophets and always preaches the foundations of a particular religion. If we talk in simple language, then spiritual books are food for our soul.

The main task of spiritual books is to awaken everything in a person spiritual qualities, develop and, finally, encourage a person to fulfill religious laws. After all, in almost every religion there is a set of covenants that a believer must follow.

Features of moral literature

Perhaps, distinctive feature spiritual literature can be called the religious inclination of its books, which raise philosophical questions. Spiritual literature, as a rule, appears more in the form of lyrics, that is, there is practically no poetry. This genre includes parables, various historical chronicles, descriptions of the lives of the holy prophets, sermons and works devoted to the device the afterlife and about what fate awaits each person after death.

Books of spiritual literature can be divided into several groups:

• canonical literature (holy books, Bible, Koran, etc.);
• liturgical (Psalter, Word, etc.);
• theological literature (theological treatises);
• educational religious (Orthodox explanatory prayer book);
• religious and journalistic (sermons of the holy fathers, teachings of the elders, etc.);
• religious-popular (stories, tales and even fairy tales with an instructive meaning).

IN Lately everything appears more quantity books on raising children. Such literature gives advice and instructions to parents on how to raise children correctly, in what environment to raise them, so that they grow up to be good people.

The most popular books on spiritual topics

In addition to religious spiritual books, spiritual literature is presented in other genre compositions. These books not only change the view on many things, but also introduce the reader to such virtues as love, kindness,

Spiritual fiction - this is how one can define those works of great Russian writers in which, through the main characters and their author, they convey unshakable Christian values. There are a number of works of Russian classics that every person should read, regardless of their religious beliefs. Here are the most famous: “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy, many stories by A. P. Chekhov, “The Master and Margarita” by M. A. Bulgakov, from foreign literature- novels by Ernest Hemingway ("For Whom the Bell Tolls", "The Old Man and the Sea"), as well as Dante (" The Divine Comedy"), Erich Maria Remarque and others.

Although these works do not have a religious context, they still touch upon critical issues existence: what is the meaning of life and what happens to the human soul after death?

The role of spiritual literature in the life of modern man

It's no secret that nowadays people find it more difficult than ever to find free time for anything, especially for reading books. Perhaps it is precisely because they read little or do not open books of spiritual literature that people in the world become more selfish - everyone tries to get their own benefit, while forgetting about those around them.

However, we can safely say that spiritual literature plays huge role in the life of any person. Thanks to reading spiritual books, inner spiritual qualities develop, awaken best features human beings, such as kindness, mercy and love. After all, spiritual books preach the Gospel covenants, and the basic law of the Bible is considered to be the covenant of love for one’s neighbor. "Love your neighbor as yourself" - that's main commandment, on which all the law and the prophets are established.

So, it turns out that this kind of literature is capable of inducing reflection on the meaning of life. as well as in the education of moral values ​​and the formation of a correct worldview, spiritual books perform the most important functions.

The role of literature in human life is difficult to assess. Books have educated more than one generation of people. Unfortunately, in modern society the role of literature is underestimated. There is a category of people who declare that literature has outlived its usefulness as an art form, it has been replaced by cinema and television. But there remains that category of people who recognize and appreciate the importance of literature in our lives.
As you know, books perform two main functions: informational and aesthetic. From generation to generation, it was with the help of books that experience accumulated over centuries was passed on; knowledge was stored in books and discoveries were recorded.
Books provided a platform for the proclamation of new ideas and worldviews. In difficult times life situations a person resorts to a book and draws wisdom, strength and inspiration from it. After all, the book is universal, in it a person can find the answer to any question of interest.
Realizing its aesthetic function, literature teaches the beautiful, the good, and forms moral principles. Books not only shape moral ideals, but also ideals of appearance and behavior. Heroines and heroes of books become role models. Their images and thoughts are taken as the basis for their own behavior. Therefore, it is so important, during the period of personality formation, to turn to the right books that will give the right guidelines.
Throughout its centuries-long history, our people have created highly artistic literature. It has a worthy place in world culture.
Fiction has a huge socio-political, educational and educational role, because it presents the history of the entire people, their struggle for their will, for their successful and happy life, for the battle against national as well as social oppression.
Literature honestly and fairly reflects social reality: different periods of the life of the entire people, the aspirations and, of course, the hopes of people.
Fiction is a type of art that is the most a powerful tool human cognition, an instrument that influences current reality. Literature shapes a person’s mind, his will and psyche, his feelings and human strong character, namely, it shapes a person’s personality.
The creator of literature summarizes various life events and phenomena, then builds typical images, and at the same time shows his personal attitude to these events or incidents. The significance of a writer and his work, and, consequently, literature, is reflected in how truthfully and correctly the interests and dreams of people are reflected and expressed. Artistic creativity intended to serve the people. In literary works we learn about the past, present and, of course, see the future dreams of a person. In the imagination begin to form newest concepts, a hitherto unknown feeling is born in the depths of my soul. And we perceive only literary works and works first of all with our hearts, and then with our practical mind and common sense.
Literature is based on humanistic views and beliefs, approves of imperishable and eternal human values. This is precisely why it is close, very necessary and simply necessary for humanity. Writers and creators of literature, in works completely different in their genre, reflect diverse segments of the population, reveal talent and gift common man, glorify the work of people. And this instills interest in one’s own history, love for one’s native mother land, for parents and loved ones, for one’s neighbor and one’s own fraternal peoples…
Literature helps and supports a person in difficult moments life path, inspires one to perform heroic deeds for the sake of one’s neighbors and for the sake of others, gives strength to overcome various everyday troubles, guides and orients one on the path to the correct solution of important problems. this moment problems. This is precisely why it is valuable for us and for each nation separately.
Thus, the role of literature at all times and in modern times is to help a person understand himself and the world, to awaken in him the desire for truth, happiness, to teach respect for the past, for knowledge and moral principles passed on from generation to generation. Whether to take advantage of this opportunity that books provide or not is personal choice each person.

Literature is a huge repository of spiritual and moral values.

It would seem that each of us has long been familiar with the concept of “literature”. But sometimes we don’t even think about how polysyllabic and multi-valued literature is. But literature is a grandiose phenomenon, it was created by the genius of man, is the fruit of his mind.

What is the role and significance of literature in human life?

Literature is a means of understanding the world; it helps us understand “what is good and what is bad,” and points to the origins of universal human conflicts.

Literature helps us see the inner beauty of a person, learn to understand and appreciate it.

Literature is a powerful source of education of the spirit and personality. Through the disclosure of artistic images, literature gives us concepts of good and evil, truth and falsehood, truth and lies. No reasoning, the most eloquent, no argument, the most convincing, can have such an impact on the human mind as a truthfully drawn image. And this is the power and significance of literature.

There is a very important concept in literature - “text”. Proper work above the text the best masters words, writers great value. It broadens a person’s horizons, teaches him to read thoughtfully, to understand the ideas that the author expresses through images. Competent work on the text enriches a person’s vocabulary and develops the ability to use literary language and various artistic techniques.

Literature is a powerful weapon that can heal.

Literature shows us ways of self-improvement.

Say a word about Russian literature. Among the advantages of Russian literature there is one, perhaps the most valuable. This is her constant desire to sow “reasonable, good, eternal”, her persistent impulse towards light and truth. Russian literature has never been confined to the area of ​​purely artistic interests. Its creators have always been not only artists describing phenomena and events, but also teachers of life, defenders of the “humiliated and insulted,” fighters against cruelty and injustice, adherents of truth and faith.

Russian literature is extremely rich in both positive and negative images. Watching them, the reader has the opportunity to experience the whole gamut of feelings - from indignation and disgust for everything low, rude, and deceitful, to deep admiration and admiration for the truly noble, courageous, and honest.

Literature erases the boundaries of time. It introduces us to the spirit of a particular era, to the life of a particular social environment- from Tsar Nicholas to the gymnasium teacher Belikov, from the landowner Zatrapeznaya to the poor peasant woman - the mother of a soldier.

The disclosure of artistic images is main part literary reading, its basis. Any artistic image, as is known, is at the same time both a reflection of reality and an expression of the writer’s ideology. It’s not enough just to get acquainted literary work. We must try to penetrate the secrets of the plan, to know the background of the creation of the essay.

Literature develops the mind and feelings. She is our teacher, mentor, guide. A guide to the world of the real and the unreal. The ability to express thoughts in words is distinguishing feature person. Words are a mirror that clearly reflects the degree spiritual development. Everything that enters our soul from the outside is imprinted in our feelings, thoughts, and in the very way of their expression.

In the works of one writer we find laughing pictures, picturesque images: this is because his spirit was brought up in the bosom of nature, where she scatters her gifts with a generous hand.

Another sings on the lyre of his battles and battles, the horrors, the sad phenomena of a suffering life: this is because the soul of the creator knew many groans.

In the works of the third, human nature appears in the most pathetic contradiction with the idea of ​​beauty: because, on the one hand, evil, always at war with good, and on the other, disbelief in the high purpose of man, have embittered the owner of the pen.

Literature is multifaceted, its creators are very different. Literature grew up along with Pushkin and Lermontov, Gogol and Chekhov, Blok and Akhmatova. It is still developing now. Her ideas continue to live and fight on our planet, they help rid the world of filth, cruelty, and insignificance.