Topic: “Hero of Our Time” - the first psychological novel in Russian literature. A novel about an extraordinary personality. lesson plan on literature on the topic. “A Hero of Our Time” (1) - Lesson Lesson novel a hero of our time review of contents

We will talk about Lermontov’s great novel “A Hero of Our Time.” Who is a hero in Russian literature? Is not positive character, but associated with the complexity of life. Russian classic literature teaches incorrect answers to simple questions, but the difficulties of life.

Lermontov began working with prose ideas related to A Hero of Our Time in 1838. He sketches the unfinished novel “Princess Ligovskaya”, in which Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin already appears. By the end of his life, the writer completes the work. In 1839, two stories from this novel, “Bela” and “Fatalist,” appeared in the magazine.

There are works that are addictive due to a well-constructed plot. Many events and characters are united by one storyline. In Lermontov's novel everything is different. There is no single storyline. The novel consists of disparate stories and is connected by the image of the main character Grigory Pechorin (see Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. M.A. Vrubel. Portrait of a military man (Pechorin on the sofa)

Let us recall two literary concepts: plot and plot.

Fable- the chronological sequence of events in a literary work.

But there are practically no stories with a direct, simple chronology. The authors jump from events of the present time to events from the past, looking into the future because they are building a plot.

Plot- a series of events arranged in accordance with the author’s plan.

If the events were arranged in chronological order, the reader would first learn about Vera, because the hero met her a long time ago, long before he knew all the other characters.

The plot sequence of the novel's episodes

• "Taman"
• "Princess Mary"
• "Fatalist"
• "Bela"
• "Maksim Maksimych"

If Lermontov's novel had been structured this way, it might have been more exciting. In the story “Princess Mary” there is a duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. M.A. Vrubel. "Pechorin's duel with Grushnitsky"

The reader does not feel any excitement; it is known that Pechorin will survive. The plot tension is extinguished. The hero will die on his way back from Persia.

This means that fascination is not so important to Lermontov.

The plot sequence of the novel's episodes

• Preface. Let's get to know the author and characters.
• "Bela."
• "Maksim Maksimych."
• Pechorin's journal. Notes telling about the events that took place before “Bela”: preface, “Taman”, “Princess Mary”, “Fatalist”.

The novel “A Hero of Our Time” was published in two small books, which went to Nicholas I. The Emperor did not favor Lermontov, but read the work carefully. He liked the first book and approved it. When I read the second, which contains Pechorin’s notes, Nicholas I became disillusioned with the work. He misunderstood the title, deciding that “Hero of Our Time” was Maxim Maksimych. A simple loyal subject, a good Russian officer, faithful to the oath, without mental contradictions, Pechorin explains his internal experiences by saying that “his mother spoiled him.” This is Lermontov's deceptive move. He built the piece with a different intent. The reader does not plunge into the depths of events, but penetrates into the soul of the hero himself. The composition of the novel is subject to this plot rule. The reader moves in circles, gets acquainted with Maxim Maksimych and through his eyes looks at Pechorin in the story of Bela. Then Pechorin himself appears, a cold, contemptuous man, not like romantic hero, as Maxim Maksimych described him. Then the notes of Pechorin himself, the reader is immersed in his inner world and looks at what is happening through his eyes. This is an important feature of the novel.

"Hero of our time"- the first in Russian literature psychological novel. It is not the events that are important, but the history of the soul. It's a contradictory portrait of an entire generation. The author does not seek to help the reader. What should Pechorin be like? Should we love him or hate him, be indifferent or accept his image? The author shows three love story associated with the hero. In all of them, Pechorin looks like a monster. But women fall in love with him because they feel the power that his contemporaries have lost. For the hero, love events end in disappointment, for the girls in disaster. But still the reader finds a special meaning in them. Lermontov teaches the complexities of life, and not the decoding of simple formulas.

The last of the stories in the novel “Fatalist”, it talks about the main problem: is he responsible for his fate? main character or everything is fatal and predetermined, and nothing can be changed. There is no definitive answer. Serb Vulich, who had a presentiment of death, plays with fate, and fate leaves him alive: the gun does not fire. Having miraculously survived, Vulich dies “from an accidental saber of a drunken Cossack.” Pechorin rushes at the Cossack, and the hero has a greater chance of dying, but fate is present in our lives and Pechorin remains alive.

The author constantly reflects on the extent to which fate determines a person’s fate. The reader enters the world of the soul not only of the hero, but also of the narrator. This is a double psychological novel. Two images are in the spotlight: the hero and the narrator. Their relationships with each other are as complex as the premise of the novel. Pechorin is hopeless. The reader meets and says goodbye to him in the fortress. The hero cannot go beyond the circle outlined around his personality. The author cannot find a way out of this contradiction.

Text of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time".

Viktor Zolotussky in the program “M.Yu Lermontov. A Mysterious Tale" talks about the influence of the nature of the Caucasus on the perception and creativity of the poet; talks about the similarities and differences between the images of Pechorin and the Demon.

ABOUT tragic fate Pechorin is discussed by program participants

Literature lesson in high school. Literary analysis novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”.

During the classes.

In the first lesson, we will look at the characters of the novel “A Hero of Our Time” and talk in detail about its main character, Pechorin. But first let's look at the preface that opens the novel. What does it give, is it necessary or not?
Student answers.
- The author says that without moral teaching, our generation will not understand the fable. The preface is such a moral teaching. It was written as a reaction to criticism of the novel, and in it we see the author’s attitude towards the readers of the work. Now let's look at the first story "Bel". Who is the narrator in it?
Student answers.
- That's right, the story comes from the perspective of a traveling officer. What can we say about him?
Student answers.
- We know a little about him - he’s recently in the Caucasus, and by the way he listens to Maxim Maksimych’s story, we can tell that he’s curious. And what is said about Maxim Maksimych himself?
Student answers.
- He is about fifty years old, he holds the rank of staff captain, and does not drink. Pay attention to how he looks at the nature around him, at the Caucasian landscape, how he determines the weather by the way the fog “smoke” on the mountain. What does this mean?
Students' answers.
- He is close to nature, sees beauty in it and understands it. He is a simple person - he immediately becomes close to Pechorin, very kind - this can be seen in his attitude towards Bela, and Pechorin himself speaks about this. He has no family, and all his unspent love he pours out on Bela. And it is through the eyes of this character that we first see the main character of the novel, Pechorin. Find the first mention of him.
Student answers.
- We find out about his age, his name. And immediately Maxim Maksimych speaks about the oddities that are inherent in Pechorin. Already from this we can conclude that before us extraordinary person. But we learn his character better from the story of Maxim Maksimych. What can we learn about Pechorin from this story?
Student answers.
- He “pushes” Azamat and Kazbich in order to get Bela. But why does he need her, does he really love her?
Student answers.
- Let's see what he says himself: “When do I like her?”, and then “you see how much I love you.” What do you think Pechorin’s feelings for Bela are?
Student answers.
- Let's look at the explanation that Pechorin gives to Maxim Maksimych. What does he say about himself, how does he appear to us? What are his feelings for Bela?
Student answers.
- And we see Pechorin as an unhappy man, bored, looking for something new. But this new thing quickly becomes boring to him, forcing him to look for something else. And his whole life is in an eternal search, he cannot stop, and directly says: “...I have only one remedy left: to travel.” It is the change of places, people, impressions that makes him live. Moreover, he does not value his life. How does Maxim Maksimych react to this statement?
Student answers.
- He is surprised by him and does not understand such thoughts. This is one example of the fact that Maxim Maksimych does not understand Pechorin himself, he is far from his way of thinking, from his perception of life and those around him. What can we say about the narrator, about the officer, does he understand Pechorin?
Student answers.
- Yes, he and Pechorin are from close social strata, the officer knows Savor and her morals. But Maxim Maksimych “did not understand these subtleties.” Okay, what happens next?
Student answers.
- We see Bela’s death, and what does Pechorin become in such a situation? What is the reason for the absence of tears that Maxim Maksimych notices? Why does he laugh in response to consolation?
Student answers.
- We can only guess, but we will never be able to fully understand Pechorin. Do you think Pechorin is upset? And how would events have developed if this episode with Kazbich had not happened?
Student answers.
- And pay attention to the words of Maxim Maksimych: “No, she did well to die: well, what would have happened to her if Grigory Alexandrovich had left her? And this would happen, sooner or later...” What are they talking about? Do you agree or disagree with them?

Student answers.
- Through this story, through the relationship with Bela and Maxim Maksimych, we see Pechorin. What changes in the next story?
Student answers.
- Here we already directly see Pechorin himself, in what situation?
Student answers.
- Yes, his meeting with Maxim Maksimych after a long separation is shown. Let's see how they both are presented in this situation.
Student answers.
- Maxim Maksimych rejoices at Pechorin as his own to the best friend, in his opinion, the incident with Bela unites them and makes them very close people. He is sure that this is exactly the case for Pechorin. But what is the reaction of Pechorin himself?
Student answers.
- That’s right, he’s not so happy to meet you, he doesn’t run, abandoning everything, to Maxim Maksimych, he offers his hand rather than hugs, he refuses to linger a little. What does this mean?
Student answers.
- He does not attach exclusivity to their acquaintance; for him, everything that happened is just an episode that should not be given so much attention. And for Maxim Maksimych? Pay attention to the lines: “...Thank you for not forgetting...” he added, taking him by the hand. … Forget! - he grumbled, “I haven’t forgotten anything...”
Student answers.
“For him this is a whole adventure, unusual and unforgettable. Now let's look at the description that appears when the officer-narrator sees Pechorin himself. What can we say about him based on this description?
Student answers.
- He is an aristocrat, has a secretive character, a certain “breed” is visible in him, which the narrator notes. And notice how his eyes are described, what can we say about that?
Student answers.
- A shine like smooth steel, a heavy and penetrating gaze - all this speaks of Pechorin’s character traits. Now we are getting a little closer to understanding this character, we are not just hearing about him, but seeing him directly. Okay, what follows the story “Maksim Maksimych”?
Student answers.
- Yes, the preface to Pechorin’s Journal. How is this preface different from the first?
Student answers.
- That's right, it was written not on behalf of the author, but on behalf of the narrator, a traveling officer. What did you find strange about this preface? What do we even learn from it?
Student answers.
- The narrator wants to publish Pechorin’s notes, but where did he get them from?
Student answers.
- Took it from Maxim Maksimych when Pechorin himself abandoned them. And why does he still print these notes?
Student answers.
- He publishes “the history of the human soul,” a kind of justification for Pechorin, a man whom he encountered only once in his life. And let's look at the next story "Taman". What is changing in her?
Student answers.
- The narration comes from the perspective of Pechorin himself. Now we are as close as possible to it. And what happens in this story?
Student answers.
- Arrival in Taman, meeting a blind boy, observing smugglers. Pechorin almost dies. Who is this undine?
Student answers.
- Ondine is the spirit of water, or, more simply, a mermaid. According to mythology, mermaids lured men into the water and drowned them, and this mythological plot is embodied in the story. Pechorina prevented the smugglers, and how does he himself talk about it?
Student answers.
- He compares himself to a stone that disturbed the peace. Tell me, can this only be attributed to the episode with the smugglers, or not?
Student answers.
- He was such a stone for Maxim Maksimych, and for Bela, and even for the traveling officer. And in subsequent stories, he continues to be precisely the stone that disturbs the peace of others. This is where the first part ends and the second begins. How does it open? What new do we see in the composition? What new characters are we meeting? Find their description and characteristics.
Student answers.
- Entries are numbered by day. Grushnitsky, a cadet whom Pechorin does not like and with whom he predicts a clash. What else do we know about him?
Student answers.
- He is in love with Princess Mary, and, having received a refusal, spreads rumors about her and Pechorin, sets up an unfair duel that should have claimed Pechorin’s life. Grushnitsky is Pechorin's double, his younger imitator, playing the role of a misunderstood and unaccepted sufferer. How does their duel end? How does Grushnitsky behave?
Student answers.
- It seems to Pechorin that Grushnitsky is ready to apologize, but this is not happening, why? What, what incident predicts to us what will be the outcome of the duel? Let's look at Pechorin, what is he like in this story? Find its description, its characteristics. Why does he need Princess Mary? What does he do to achieve it, and what happens then, after the goal is achieved? How does all this characterize him?
Student answers.
- Does he have any feelings for Mary? What does he himself say about this?
Student answers.
- Is there anyone to whom Pechorin is still not indifferent?
Student answers.
- Yes, this is Vera. How does he feel about her?
Student answers.
- He loves her, but this love does not bring happiness to anyone; on the contrary, Vera’s marriage breaks up. How does Pechorin perceive Vera’s departure, what does this mean? And how does Pechorin appear before us in this story?
Student answers.
- AND last story, "Fatalist", what story is told here? Is Pechorina a fatalist?
Student answers.
- He claims that there is no predestination, but he sees the mark of death on Vulich’s face. How did Vulich die? Could it have happened differently?
Student answers.
- What for Pechorin is coming to the Cossack who killed Vulich? How does he feel about predestination now? How does the story end?
Student answers.
- We return again to the figure of Maxim Maksimych, and this takes us back to the very beginning of the work. This construction speaks of the ring composition that I told you about in the last lesson.
Now let's pay attention to this interesting detail - by the time we read Pechorin's notes, he is already dead. We are reading a personal diary dead person, which was published without his consent. What is a personal diary, what is its peculiarity?
Student answers.
- Yes, in it a person writes, as a rule, sincerely, without hiding anything, both good and bad, both well-known and personal. What is the difference between a diary and, for example, travel notes that an officer writes?
Student answers.
- That’s right, we write something personal in the diary, something that is not intended for prying eyes. A diary is written only for oneself, for one’s own purposes, it is not intended to be read by other people. In a diary, a person reveals himself to the maximum, he is honest, since there is no one to dissemble and there is no need to appear better, there he can be himself. And the travel notes can be read by anyone interested; they are not hidden. They are written in order to be read later by other people. But in the novel we see that these genres are united under the guise of the novel. But a personal diary does not cease to be personal diary. And what situation do we, the readers, find ourselves in?
Student answers.
- You and I are becoming voyeurs. We take advantage of the fact that no one can deny us access to this diary, and we read it, penetrating into an area in which we should not be. We see the very soul of Pechorin, not hidden by other people's opinions and guesses. This is the maximum frankness that can be. And we are in a situation of spying. Does this only happen to the reader, or are there characters in the novel who also experience this?
Student answers.
- Yes, in almost every story there are characters who engage in eavesdropping or peeping. But none of them did it intentionally. They ended up in the right place in right time, and they only have to choose whether to eavesdrop or not. You and I know what choice they made. What is it about eavesdropping that makes this topic appear in the first place, do you think?
Student answers.
- At the moment of eavesdropping or spying, we observe a person in such a way that he does not suspect it. He doesn’t try to seem like someone else, he becomes himself, since he has no one to pretend to. And it is at such a moment that he becomes real and sincere as much as possible. We can attribute all this to Pechorin, whom we see from the inside.
What motifs characteristic of Lermontov’s lyrics do you see in the novel?
Student answers.
- The motive of loneliness - Pechorin is lonely, no one understands him. Pay attention to how the nature of the Caucasus is described; this is also in his poems. Through nature, Lermontov's hero often comes to understand himself. The author also addresses the fate of an entire generation; he is interested in personality in the context surrounding reality. But let's turn once again to the text, or rather, to its composition. What do you see unusual in her?
Student answers.
- That's right, breaking the novel into parts. What do you think is the reason for this division? How does the first part differ from the second? Pay attention to the environment in which Pechorin is located.
Student answers.
- In the first part we see him surrounded ordinary people who do not have wealth and rank, and in the second part we, following Pechorin, penetrate into elite. But Pechorin himself does not see much difference between these two worlds.
So, we have looked at the characters of M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time”. Who can summarize the lesson?
Student answers.
Thanks for the lesson, you were all great! Until the next lesson!

Lesson summary on Russian literature on the topic:

"Hero of our time". History of creation

Subject: "Hero of our time". History of creation.

Goals:

1) Educational:introduce students to the history of the creation of M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time”; analyze the “Preface” to the novel;

2) Developmental: develop note-taking skills and text analysis skills;

3 ) Educational:to cultivate love and respect for the writer’s work.

Lesson format: lesson-lecture.

Equipment: portrait of a writer, exhibition of books.

During the classes

I. Organizing time. introduction teachers

Teacher: Today we are starting to study the prose of M.Yu. Lermontov, namely to the novel “Hero of Our Time”.

II. Teacher's lecture.

1. The history of the creation of the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov
"Hero of our time".

M. Yu. Lermontov began work on the novel based on the impressions of his first exile to the Caucasus. The stories “Bela” and “Fatalist” appeared in the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski” in 1839, and later the story “Taman” was published. In 1840, Y. Lermontov’s novel “Hero of Our Time” was published; it was under this title that five stories were combined. The general ideological and plot-forming center of the novel “A Hero of Our Time” was the image of the main character Pechorin. The first readers saw a caricature of modern man, so in 1841 M. Yu. Lermontov created a “Preface” to the novel, in which he explained the features of the author’s intention.

2. Features of the composition.

1. Violation of the chronological sequence

2. The independence of each of the stories (plot, semantic and genre completeness) and their simultaneous connection, cyclicality.

3. Change of subject of the story (Maksim Maksimych, narrator, hero himself).

The author saw his task as revealing “the history of the human soul.” To do this, it was necessary not so much to talk about the hero’s actions as to reveal the reasons that led to them. The violation of the chronological sequence of events is determined by the author’s ideological plan and is subject to the movement from external to internal, from the actions and actions of the hero to the motives that prompted him to these actions, from the riddle to the solution. The same role is played by a change in the subject of the narrative (we will express this idea a priori in the introductory lesson and will return to it during the study of each of the stories).

(The main points of the lecture are noted by students in their workbooks.)

3. Introducing students to the chronological sequence of the novel.

Around 1830, Pechorin was sent from St. Petersburg to the Caucasus to join the active detachment. On the way to his place of military service, he stopped in Taman, where his encounter with smugglers takes place (the story “Taman”). After a military expedition in May - June 1832, he was allowed to use the waters in Pyatigorsk. Then, for a duel with Grushnitsky (the story “Princess Mary”), he is sent to serve in a distant fortress under the command of Maxim Maksimych. Having left for two weeks in Cossack village, in December 1832, Pechorin becomes a participant in the story with Vulich (the story “Fatalist”) and returns to the fortress. In the spring of 1833, Bela was kidnapped, who died 4 months later at the hands of Kazbich (according to the story “Bela”). Pechorin is transferred from the fortress to Georgia, then he returns to St. Petersburg. Some time later, finding himself again in the Caucasus on the way to Persia, presumably in the fall of 1837, Pechorin meets Maxim Maksimych and the narrator (the story “Maksim Maksimych”). Finally, on the way back from Persia, Pechorin dies (“Preface to Pechorin’s Journal”)

III. Commented reading of the “Preface” to the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov.

Conversation with students on the following questions:

1. Expressively read the “Preface” to M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

2. How does M. Yu. Lermontov himself explain the role of his “Preface” to the novel? (This is a kind of response to modern criticism.)

3. What does the writer see as the features of the image of the main character? (“The Hero of Our Time, my dear sirs, is like a portrait, but not of one person: it is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development.”)

5. Is M. Yu. Lermontov going to change a morally vicious society? (“It will also be that the disease is indicated, but God knows how to cure it!”)

IV. Homework.

V. Summing up the lesson, grading.

We will talk about Lermontov’s great novel “A Hero of Our Time.” Who is a hero in Russian literature? This is not a positive character, but associated with the complexity of life. Russian classical literature teaches not the correct answers to simple questions, but the difficulties of existence.

Lermontov began working with prose ideas related to A Hero of Our Time in 1838. He sketches the unfinished novel “Princess Ligovskaya”, in which Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin already appears. By the end of his life, the writer completes the work. In 1839, two stories from this novel, “Bela” and “Fatalist,” appeared in the magazine.

There are works that are addictive due to a well-constructed plot. Many events and characters are united by one storyline. In Lermontov's novel everything is different. There is no single storyline. The novel consists of disparate stories and is connected by the image of the main character Grigory Pechorin (see Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. M.A. Vrubel. Portrait of a military man (Pechorin on the sofa)

Let us recall two literary concepts: plot and plot.

Fable- the chronological sequence of events in a literary work.

But there are practically no stories with a direct, simple chronology. The authors jump from events of the present time to events from the past, looking into the future because they are building a plot.

Plot- a series of events arranged in accordance with the author’s plan.

If the events were arranged in chronological order, the reader would first learn about Vera, because the hero met her a long time ago, long before he knew all the other characters.

The plot sequence of the novel's episodes

• "Taman"
• "Princess Mary"
• "Fatalist"
• "Bela"
• "Maksim Maksimych"

If Lermontov's novel had been structured this way, it might have been more exciting. In the story “Princess Mary” there is a duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. M.A. Vrubel. "Pechorin's duel with Grushnitsky"

The reader does not feel any excitement; it is known that Pechorin will survive. The plot tension is extinguished. The hero will die on his way back from Persia.

This means that fascination is not so important to Lermontov.

The plot sequence of the novel's episodes

• Preface. Let's get to know the author and characters.
• "Bela."
• "Maksim Maksimych."
• Pechorin's journal. Notes telling about the events that took place before “Bela”: preface, “Taman”, “Princess Mary”, “Fatalist”.

The novel “A Hero of Our Time” was published in two small books, which went to Nicholas I. The Emperor did not favor Lermontov, but read the work carefully. He liked the first book and approved it. When I read the second, which contains Pechorin’s notes, Nicholas I became disillusioned with the work. He misunderstood the title, deciding that “Hero of Our Time” was Maxim Maksimych. A simple loyal subject, a good Russian officer, faithful to the oath, without mental contradictions, Pechorin explains his internal experiences by saying that “his mother spoiled him.” This is Lermontov's deceptive move. He built the piece with a different intent. The reader does not plunge into the depths of events, but penetrates into the soul of the hero himself. The composition of the novel is subject to this plot rule. The reader moves in circles, gets acquainted with Maxim Maksimych and through his eyes looks at Pechorin in the story of Bela. Then Pechorin himself appears, a cold, contemptuous man, not like the romantic hero that Maxim Maksimych described him as. Then the notes of Pechorin himself, the reader is immersed in his inner world and looks at what is happening through his eyes. This is an important feature of the novel.

"Hero of our time"- the first psychological novel in Russian literature. It is not the events that are important, but the history of the soul. It's a contradictory portrait of an entire generation. The author does not seek to help the reader. What should Pechorin be like? Should we love him or hate him, be indifferent or accept his image? The author shows three love stories related to the hero. In all of them, Pechorin looks like a monster. But women fall in love with him because they feel the power that his contemporaries have lost. For the hero, love events end in disappointment, for the girls in disaster. But still the reader finds a special meaning in them. Lermontov teaches the complexities of life, and not the decoding of simple formulas.

The last of the stories in the novel “Fatalist”, it talks about the main problem: is the main character responsible for his fate or is everything fatal and predetermined, and nothing can be changed. There is no definitive answer. Serb Vulich, who had a presentiment of death, plays with fate, and fate leaves him alive: the gun does not fire. Having miraculously survived, Vulich dies “from an accidental saber of a drunken Cossack.” Pechorin rushes at the Cossack, and the hero has a greater chance of dying, but fate is present in our lives and Pechorin remains alive.

The author constantly reflects on the extent to which fate determines a person’s fate. The reader enters the world of the soul not only of the hero, but also of the narrator. This is a double psychological novel. Two images are in the spotlight: the hero and the narrator. Their relationships with each other are as complex as the premise of the novel. Pechorin is hopeless. The reader meets and says goodbye to him in the fortress. The hero cannot go beyond the circle outlined around his personality. The author cannot find a way out of this contradiction.

Text of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time".

Viktor Zolotussky in the program “M.Yu Lermontov. A Mysterious Tale" talks about the influence of the nature of the Caucasus on the perception and creativity of the poet; talks about the similarities and differences between the images of Pechorin and the Demon.

Participants in the program talk about the tragic fate of Pechorin

System of lessons based on the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"

The system of lessons proposed for the textual study of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Hero of Our Time” does not violate the author’s sequence of parts of the novel, this is due to the fact that it is such a “torn” composition that is emphatically significant, the change of narrators not only gradually reveals Pechorin to the reader, but also increasingly justifies the hero.From the external, condemning and undiscerning gaze of Maxim Maksimych through the objective, albeit attentive and sympathetic gaze of a traveling officer to the tragic confession of the hero - this is the sequence of development author's assessment in the novel. It is impossible to ignore it, becausethis leads to shifts in the meaning of the work in the reader’s consciousness.

Lessons devoted to the sequential examination of parts of the novel are organized so that students can, following the author, consider the character traits of the main character, try to understand the motive and reasons for his actions, which will ultimately lead to an answer to the question: what is the peculiarity of a psychological novel.

Lesson 1. Hero of our time" M.Yu. Lermontov is the first psychological novel in Russian literature.

Lesson 2.

Lesson 3. Pechorin's journal as a means of self-disclosure of the protagonist's character.

Lesson 4 . Pechorin in the system of male images of the novel. Friendship in the life of Pechorin.

Lesson 5 . Pechorin in the system of female images of the novel. Love in Pechorin's life.

Having outlined overall plan studying the novel, we will consider, using examples of specific lessons, the features of studying a psychological novel. This system lessons are built on the basis curriculum edited by V. Ya. Korovina.

Lesson 1. Lesson topic:“Hero of Our Time” M.Yu. Lermontov is the first psychological novel in Russian literature.The complexity of the novel's composition. The Age of Lermontov in the Novel.

The purpose of the lesson: - to awaken interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.

Tasks:

• remind students about the basic characteristic features life of Russian society in the 30s of the 19th century, about the fate younger generation this time;
• introduce ideological plan the novel “A Hero of Our Time” and the subsequent literary and critical reviews of the work;
• comment the most important features works: psychologism of the novel and its composition (lack of a single plot, violation chronological order in the arrangement of parts of the work, the presence of three narrators in the novel - the author, Maxim Maksimovich and Pechorin).

Lesson type - a lesson in learning new knowledge.

During the classes

Epigraph for the lesson:

"Hero of Our Time" is by no means a collection

several stories and short stories - this is a novel,

In which there is one hero and one main idea,

Artistically developed.

V. G. Belinsky

I. Teacher's opening speech.

Roman M.Yu. Lermontov's “Hero of Our Time” was conceived by the author at the end of 1837. The main work took place in 1838, and the novel was completely completed in 1839. Soon, its first chapters appeared in the magazine “Domestic Notes”: the story “Bela” was published in 1838 with the subtitle “From the Notes of an Officer from the Caucasus”, at the end of 1839 the next story, “Fatalist”, was published, and then the story “ Taman."

To his new novel M.Yu. Lermontov first gave the name “One of the heroes of the beginning of the century.” However, in 1940, a separate edition of the novel was published under the title “Hero of Our Time.”

The 1830s and 1840s in the history of Russia, when the action of the work takes place, are dark years, marked in history as the years of the Nikolaev reaction, the years of the most brutal police regime. First of all, the situation of the people was unbearable, especially tragic was the fate of the advanced thinking people. Young Lermontov’s feelings of sadness were caused by the fact that “the future generation has no future.” Passivity, disbelief, indecision, loss of purpose in life and interest in it - these are the main features of the writer’s young contemporaries.

In his work, Lermontov wanted to show what the Nikolaev reaction doomed the younger generation to. The very title of the novel, “A Hero of Our Time,” is evidence of its importance.

Assessing the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov, A.I. Herzen wrote: “In the image of Pechorin, Lermontov gave an expressive realistic and psychological picture « modern man, as he understands it and, unfortunately, has met it too often.”

Pechorin is a richly gifted person. The hero does not overestimate himself at all when he openly says about himself: “I feel immense strength in my soul.” With his novel, Lermontov answers the question: why don’t energetic and intelligent people find use for their remarkable abilities and thus “wither without a fight” at the very beginning? life path? The author's closest attention is paid to the main character, to revealing his complex and contradictory character.

In his preface to Pechorin’s Journal, Lermontov writes: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is perhaps more curious and not more useful than history a whole people..." Thus, the author explains the peculiarity of his work: “A Hero of Our Time” is the first Russian psychological novel.

1. Vocabulary work

In dictionary literary terms given following definition psychological novel:a psychological novel can be called a novel where the attention of the author and reader is focused on knowledge human soul in all its manifestations.

- name the defining characteristics of a psychological novel.

Techniques for creating psychologism can be self-reflection (introspection) of the hero, assessment of the hero’s actions from the perspective of other characters, and the author’s analysis of character. In his work, Lermontov uses all these techniques, which makes the work deeper.

II. Finding out students’ initial impressions of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

• Conversation with the class

1. Which of the stories that make up the work that you read made the greatest impression on you?
2. Tell us about your attitude towards the main character.
3. What events from the life of Grigory Pechorin did we learn about after reading the chapter “Bela”?
4. On whose behalf is this chapter narrated? What role does this play in the narrative itself?
5. Who is Maxim Maksimych, on whose behalf the story is told in the chapter “Bela”? What can you tell us about him?
6. Is Maxim Maksimych the person who is able to understand Grigory Pechorin?

III. Features of the novel's composition

Questions:

1. What is a plot work of art?

2. What plot elements do you know?

3. What is the composition of a work of art called? With which compositional techniques Have you met before while studying works?

4. What is special about the composition “Hero of Our Time”? Is it possible to identify elements of the plot that you already know?(A feature of the composition of the novel is the absence of a single plot line. The novel consists of five parts or stories, each of which has its own genre, its own plot and its own title. But it is the image of the main character that becomes unifying: it connects all these parts into a single novel.)

5. Consider the difference between chronological and compositional order, which is observed in the novel.

The chronological order is as follows: Pechorin goes to his place of service, but on the way he stops in Taman, then on the way to the place of service he visits Pyatigorsk, where he was exiled to the fortress for a quarrel and a duel with Grushnitsky. In the fortress, events happen to him that are described in the stories “Bela” and “Fatalist”. A few years later, Pechorin meets Maxim Maksimych.

Chronologically, the stories should be arranged as follows:

1. "Taman".

2. "Princess Mary".

3. "Bela".

4. "Fatalist".

5. “Maksim Maksimych.”

However, M.Yu. Lermontov in his work violates the order of the stories. In the novel they go like this:

1. "Bela".

2. “Maksim Maksimych.”

3. "Taman".

4. "Princess Mary".

5. "Fatalist".

The last three stories are the diary of the main character, which shows the story of his life, written by himself.

Questions:

1) Why does Lermontov structure his novel this way?

2) What does this composition of the work make the reader think about?

3) In what form were the first two stories written? What's special about the next three stories?

Conclusions. “Pechorin is the main character of the novel. The characters are arranged in contrasting ways. The point is to emphasize: Pechorin is the center of the story, the Hero of his time. Composition of the work (change of narrators, violation of the chronology of events, genre of travel and diary notes, grouping characters) helps to reveal Pechorin’s character and identify the reasons that gave birth to him.”

Thus, the chosen composition of the novel provides the author with the following opportunities:

To interest the reader as much as possible in the fate of Pechorin;

Trace the history of his inner life;

The image of Pechorin in the novel is revealed in two ways: from the point of view of an outside observer and in terms of his internal disclosure.

IV. Literary and critical reviews of M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

1. S. Burachek : Pechorin is a “monster”, “slander on an entire generation.”

2. S. Shevyrev : “Pechorin is only one ghost, cast upon us by the West.”

3. V. Belinsky : “Pechorin... a hero of our time.”

4. A. Herzen : “Pechorin is Onegin’s younger brother.”

Questions:

1) Which literary critic, in your opinion, is more objective in assessing Grigory Pechorin?

Reading the preface.

(“...The Hero of our Time, my dear sirs, is like a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development...”)

Homework

1 . The stories “Bela”, “Maksim Maksimych”. (Characters, content, features of composition and genre, attitude towards Pechorin.)

2. Make a plan for the story “Bela”, title all its parts.

Lesson 2. Lesson topic:Pechorin as a representative of the portrait of a generation. Mysteries of the image of Pechorin.

The purpose of the lesson: acquaintance with Grigory Pechorin as the main character of the work.

Lesson objectives:

• to develop in students the ability to characterize heroes literary work according to their actions, in relation to others, according to the author’s assessment;
• help students, during the analysis of the work, see the original character of the main character;
• improve skills in working with literary text: the ability to navigate the content of the text, select the necessary text material, compare, contrast, and defend your point of view with arguments;
• cultivate interest in the spiritual world of heroes fiction, contribute moral education, fostering interest in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov.

During the classes

1. Teacher's word:

“And maybe I’ll die tomorrow!.. and there won’t be a single creature left on earth who would understand me completely. Some honor me worse, others better than I really do. Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others – a scoundrel!.. Both will be false.”

Why does the hero of the novel talk about himself like this? What gave rise to this conclusion? Who is he - Lermontov's hero?

To answer this question, it is necessary to turn to the text, because it is the author himself who can give the most accurate answer to these questions. Let us turn to the text of the story “Bela”. At home, you made an outline for the first chapter. Now we will select only those episodes that are the most important for understanding the character of Grigory Pechorin.

1. Maxim Maksimych's story about Pechorin.
2. Pechorin and Bela. (History of relationships before the abduction).
3. Pechorin and Bela. Love and death of the heroine.
4. Pechorin against the background of other heroes of the story.
5. Confession of Pechorin.
6. Landscape sketches.

1. Analysis literary text stories "Bela" and "Maksim Maksimych"

• Work in creative groups(individual tasks for each group)

The class is divided into several groups in accordance with the task, each group receives a task for a textual study of a specific episode. When answering questions posed by the teacher, students must show good knowledge of the text, provide the necessary quotations and draw an appropriate conclusion.

1. group – Maxim Maksimych’s story about Pechorin.

1.What is link between the hero and the narrator and what separates Pechorin and the narrator?

2. In what episodes does the character trait of a Russian person appear in Pechorin?

3. What is Pechorin’s attitude towards Bela?

4. How does Maxim Maksimych see Pechorin?

5. What is most surprising and what is still incomprehensible to Maxim Maksimych in Pechorin himself?

6. How do we see Pechorin in this episode? Draw a conclusion about the main character traits of the hero.

2nd group - Pechorin and Bela. (The story of the relationship between the two heroes before the kidnapping).

1. Where and under what circumstances did Pechorin first see Bela?
2. What impression did they make on each other when they first met?
3. What are the consequences of the overheard conversation between Kazbich and Azamat?
4. How do we see Pechorin in this episode? Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero.
5. Which artistic technique uses M.Yu. Lermontov to describe the image of the hero?

1. group - Pechorin and Bela. Love in Pechorin's life.

1. How did Bela end up in the fortress in which Pechorin served?
2. What was Bela's behavior like in the first days after her abduction?
3. How did Pechorin achieve Bela's love?
4. Why did Bela still reciprocate Pechorin? (be sure to pay attention to the description of Bela’s beautiful eyes, given by Maxim Maksimych).
5. How does Pechorin appear to the reader in these chapters? Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero.
6. What artistic technique does M.Yu. use? Lermontov to describe the image of the hero?

1. group - Pechorin and Bela. Death of the heroine. 1. Why did Pechorin lose interest in Bela so quickly? How did this manifest itself in his relationship with the girl? (Quote the hero's words)

2. How did Bela die?

3. How can we explain Pechorin’s behavior after Bela’s death? In what way does this characterize him?

4. How does Lermontov show his hero? Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero.

5 group - Grigory Pechorin in the circle of other heroes of the story.

1. How do Kazbich and Azamat appear to the reader? What can you say about their character traits?
2. How does Pechorin behave in a conflict with Kazbich? How does this characterize him?
3. What role did Pechorin play in the fate of Azamat?
4. Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero by comparing him with Kazbich and Azamat.
5. What artistic technique does M.Yu. use? Lermontov to describe the image of the hero?

6 group - Confession of Pechorin. Reading a fragment from the words: “Listen, Maxim Maksimych...”

1. Choose words that convey Pechorin’s disappointment in life. Please comment on them.

2. What, according to Pechorin himself, is the reason for his boredom and disappointment?

3. What does Pechorin have in common with the main character of the novel A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin"?

4. Why can’t Pechorin be happy in his environment?

5. What artistic technique does M.Yu. use? Lermontov to describe the image of the hero?

(In his monologue, Pechorin seems to reveal his inner self: the pleasures of life, love, reading - nothing has ever brought him satisfaction. However, he is characterized by an irrepressible and insatiable thirst for something new, a “restless imagination”, “an insatiable heart.” Getting ready for his long journey, he is looking not for peace, but for “storms and bad roads.”)

7 group - Role landscape sketches in the story.

1. Choose the most striking landscape sketches in your opinion.
2. Pay attention to what pictures of nature M.Yu. chooses. Lermontov for his description?
3. What is the connection between the landscape sketches created by the author and the image of the main character and the event outline of the work itself?

(Majestic pictures of mountain nature are filled with lyricism, a sense of extraordinary beauty and poetry of the surrounding world. Against the background of complete harmony present in nature, the discord with life and the anxiety of Pechorin himself are clearly shaded. In addition, the majesty and rebellion of the beautiful Caucasian landscapes brightly and significantly not only emphasize , but also enhance the rebellion of Lermontov’s hero, his proud spirit.)

8 group – The image of Grigory Pechorin in the story “Maksim Maksimych”

1. Retell the scene of the meeting between Pechorin and Maxim Makimych.
2. On behalf of whom is the narration being conducted in this part of the novel?
3. How does the narrator see Grigory Pechorin at the moment of his meeting with Maxim Maksimych?
4. Find in the text details that characterize psychological condition Maxim Maksimych, waiting for Pechorin.
5. Read the episode of Pechorin’s meeting with Maxim Maksimych from the words “I turned to the square and saw Maksim Maksimych running as fast as he could” to the words “his eyes were constantly filling with tears.” By what means does the author depict the psychological state of Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych? Try to comment on the subtext of their dialogue.
6. What impression does Pechorin make on the reader?

1. Teacher's summary

In the first and second stories, which begin the novel, the main character Pechorin appears as a man who embodies contradictory qualities. Pechorin's character remains a mystery, because the motives of his actions are hidden from the reader. In the first story, the hero is described through the perception of the narrator - a middle-aged staff captain, who, for a number of reasons, is not able to explain the character and actions of Pechorin. In the second story we see Pechorin through the eyes of absolutely stranger. And he has many questions when trying to explain some of the hero’s actions.

Today we also tried to figure out the character of the main character ourselves.

1. Reflection

Let's try to expressyour vision of the hero in syncwine.

conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).

1. Homework.

1. Write an essay “First acquaintance with Pechorin”
2. “Taman”, “Princess Mary”, “Fatalist” - read

Lesson 3. Lesson topic: Pechorin's journal as a means of self-disclosure of the character of the hero.

The purpose of the lesson: determine the significance of "Pechorin's Journal" for the disclosure inner world Main character.

Tasks:

• To teach critical comprehension (analysis, comparison) of a literary work.
• To develop information and communication competence of students.
• Develop independence, the ability to interact in a team, and a culture of communication.

Equipment: multimedia: presentation, film excerpts

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

Teacher's word:

In the first chapters of “Bela” and “Maksim Maksimych” Pechorin is shown very controversial personality, a person who does not know how to sympathize, he is used to fulfilling only his desires. Those character traits that we discovered for ourselves in Pechorin in the first stories, spiritual callousness, indifference, inability to value friendship and love, make this image unattractive. However, such a negative assessment of this image would be completely shallow and somewhat unambiguous if, with close attention, one does not notice touches of sadness in his image, notes of some kind of hopelessness. In order to more fully understand the image of Pechorin, you must first understand his soul, his entire inner world, many of the motives for his behavior and actions. Pechorin's Journal will help you solve this mystery.

II. Updating knowledge. Preparing to perceive new material

1. Conversation with the class

Before we move on to the analysis of the next stories of the work, let us once again recall the features of the composition of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.

Name the chapters in plot and chronological order.

Was it by chance that M.Yu. refused? Lermontov from the chronological principle in the arrangement of the stories included in the novel, from the order of their initial publication?

Explaining this feature of the author’s narrative, the famous literary critic Yu.M. Lotman writes: “Thus, Pechorin’s character is revealed to the reader gradually, as if reflected in many mirrors, and none of the reflections, taken separately, gives an exhaustive description of Pechorin. Only the totality of these voices arguing among themselves creates a complex and controversial nature hero."

From whose lips do we learn about the fate of the main character? (The novel features three narrators: Maxim Maksimych in the chapter “Bela”, a traveling officer in the chapter “Maksim Maksimych” and Pechorin himself.)

How does Pechorin appear in Maxim Maksimych’s assessment? Give examples from the text.

- How do we see the main character in the assessment of the second narrator - the traveling officer? Give examples from the text.

This is how we see the main character through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych and the traveling officer.

Is the hero fully understandable to us after we have considered the point of view of both Maxim Maksimych and the traveling officer?

III. Work with text

1. Teacher's word

The first two stories, as the narrator himself notes, are travel notes; it is no coincidence that he writes about this: “I am not writing a story, but travel notes.” Therefore, the main character appears to the reader from the outside: he is introduced to us by Maxim Maksimych and the traveling officer. But the following stories are Pechorin’s diary - “Pechorin’s Journal,” as these chapters are called in the novel. They make it possible to explain many of the mysteries in Pechorin’s character.

1. Vocabulary work (work with term)

A diary is a personal record in which a person, knowing that they will not become known to others, can describe not only external events, but also internal, hidden from everyone, movements of his soul.

Pechorin was absolutely sure that he was writing “this magazine... for himself,” which is why he was so open in their descriptions.

- What parts does Pechorin's Journal consist of? (“Taman”, “Princess Mary” and “Fatalist”)

3 . Compilation of Pechorin's characteristics

Analyzing the stories that make up Pechorin’s Journal, it is necessary to consider how the hero’s inner world is revealed.

• Analysis of the story "Taman"

What is the content of this story? ( brief retelling plot)

How does Grigory Pechorin appear to the reader in this part?

Why does the hero’s activity bring misfortune to the people around him? With what feeling does Lermontov’s hero pronounce the words: “And what do I care about human joys and misfortunes?”

What features of the hero’s character are revealed in the story “Taman”?

(students independently write down the main qualities of Pechorin’s character that appeared in the story “Taman”, then there is a collective discussion of the assumptions made)

• Analysis of the story “Princess Mary”

- Many literary critics believe that it is in this storymost fully revealed spiritual world Pechorina. What is your opinion on this matter?

What kind of society surrounds the main character this time? How is it different from mountaineers and smugglers?

What is the reason for the conflict that occurred between secular society, presented in the story, and Pechorin?

Why was it necessary for Pechorin to achieve the love of Princess Mary if he never intended to marry her?

How does this characterize Pechorin?

Is it possible to say that Pechorin is still capable of love? Prove your point by supporting it with text.

This quality is especially clearly manifested in the episode of the crazy, desperate chase on a wildly galloping horse for Vera, who has left forever. (reading passage)

What are Pechorin's views on friendship? How do Pechorin characterize his relationship with Werner and Grushnitsky?

What feature of Pechorin’s character can we highlight in this story?

(students independently write down the main qualities of Pechorin’s character that appear in the story “Princess Mary”, then there is a collective discussion of the assumptions made)

• Discussion of the story “Fatalist”

What is fatalism and who is a fatalist?

Vocabulary work

Fatalism - belief in a predetermined, inevitable fate. The problem of fate and predestination worried Lermontov's contemporaries. Pechorin was also worried about this problem. Is there destiny? What influences a person's life?

What events related to Pechorin occur in this story?

What is Pechorin’s attitude towards predetermination in fate?

What is the main character like in this story?

What character traits does Lermontov especially clearly emphasize in his hero?

What actions of the hero confirm your assumptions?

(students independently write down the main qualities of Pechorin’s character that appeared in the story “Fatalist”, then there is a collective discussion of the assumptions made)

IV. Summary conversation

1. Working with a compiled table

Analyze your observations, compare them with the results recorded in the table, and draw a conclusion: how does Grigory Pechorin appear before us in the “Journal”?

2. Analysis of literary text

Expressive reading of a passage(“... why did I live? For what purpose was I born? ...”)

- Pay attention to when and why the hero pronounces these words, what feature of the hero’s character do they emphasize?

- Why can't Pechorin find meaning in life?
(An extraordinary personality, endowed with intelligence and willpower, the desire for active work, cannot manifest itself in the surrounding life. Pechorin cannot be happy and cannot give happiness to anyone. This is his personal tragedy.)

V. Homework

1. Compose a message on the following topics:

Maxim Maksimych and Pechorin

Pechorin and Grushnitsky

Pechorin and Werner

Vulich and Pechorin

Lesson 4. Lesson topic:Pechorin in the system of male images of the novel. Friendship in the life of Pechorin.

The purpose of the lesson: reveal the complexity and inconsistency of the image of Grigory Pechorin in the system of male images of the work.

Lesson objectives:

During the classes

...I am not capable of friendship:

Of two friends, one is always the slave of the other,

although often none of them are present

this is not admitted.
M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of our time"

I. Teacher's opening speech

About fifteen lifetime images of M.Yu. have survived. Lermontov, but none of them separately makes it possible to fully imagine the poet’s personality. “The point, apparently, is not in the portrait painters, but in the elusive features of the poet,” commented I. Andronikov, a researcher of Lermontov’s personality, on this understanding of Lermontov’s personality.

Look carefully at two portraits of M.Yu. Lermontov. The authors of these works are the artists K. Gorbunov and P. Zabolotsky. Take a close look at each portrait. They say that “the eyes are the mirror of the human soul.”

1. Conversation with students

What do Lermontov's eyes say?

Do you think such a person can have friends? Is it easy to communicate with him?

It is not always easy to communicate with such a person. Is this why Lermontov himself, through the mouth of his hero Pechorin, says: “I am incapable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other..." It is about whether friendship took place in Pechorin’s life that we will talk today in class.

1. Work on the topic of the lesson

1. Group work

• Group 1 - Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych

1. How do Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych relate to each other? Match your theses keywords and support each with a quote.
2. How did Pechorin’s attitude towards Maxim Maksimych manifest itself in their scene? last meeting? In what ways does the author convey the excitement of Maxim Maksimych and the indifference of Pechorin?

(re-read carefully the scene of the meeting between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych from the chapter “Maksim Maksimych.”)

1. What feelings did Pechorin’s confession, beginning with the words “... I have an unhappy character,” evoke in Maxim Maksimych?
2. Draw conclusions about the relationship that developed between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych.

• Group 2 – Pechorin and Grushnitsky

1. Carefully re-read the entry made in Pechorin’s journal dated June 5th. What was the main cause of the conflict between Pechorin and Grushnitsky? Why was Grushnitsky’s character unpleasant to Pechorin, and why did those around him not notice this attitude?
2. Comment on the behavior of Grigory Pechorin and Grushnitsky during the duel. What can be said about their characters: the nobility and baseness of their actions?
3. What is the compositional meaning of the image of Grushnitsky in the novel?

• Group 3 – Pechorin and Werner

1. Reread the excerpt from the conversation between Pechorin and Werner in the Diary of May 13. What's common in intellectual development and in relation to life of both heroes?
2. How did Pechorin's duel with Grushnitsky affect the relationship between the heroes?
3. What is the role of the image of Werner in understanding the character of Pechorin?

• Group 4 – Pechorin and Vulich

1. What is the role of the image of Vulich in the novel?
2. Compare the behavior of Pechorin and Vulich in different situations and draw a conclusion: what unites the heroes?
3. Why does Vulich still die, but Pechorin remains alive? In what artistic sense such an unusual author's position?

1. Summary conversation

1. Teacher's word

The male images of the novel that appear during the narrative next to Pechorin are his doubles and antipodes. But they are all, undoubtedly, inferior to him in intelligence, their souls are less deep, weaker character, they lack the ability for introspection, which has always been characteristic of Pechorin.

Having analyzed the relationship that the main character develops with male images novel, the question arises: “Why didn’t Pechorin develop friendly relations with any of them?” Where could Pechorin have formed life principle“In friendship, one is the slave of another.”

1. Reading and discussion of an excerpt from the story “Princess Mary”

“Everyone read on my face signs of bad qualities that did not exist: but they were assumed - and they were born: no one caressed me, everyone insulted me: I became vindictive. I became envious...”

What is Pechorin trying to explain in his own words?

At what point does he say these words?

Can we be sure that at this moment Pechorin is being frank?

1. Lesson summary
2. Homework

1. Prepare material for the topic “Love in the life of Pechorin. Female images of the novel and their role in revealing Pechorin’s character.”

1st group. Pechorin and Bela

2nd group. Pechorin and the undine girl

3rd group. Pechorin and Mary

4th group. Pechorin and Vera

Lesson 5. Lesson topic: Pechorin in the system of female images of the novel. Love in Pechorin's life

The purpose of the lesson: reveal the complexity and inconsistency of the image of Grigory Pechorin in the system of female images of the work.

Lesson objectives:

• summarize the students’ knowledge about the image of the main character of the work by M.Yu. Lermontov and reveal her main character traits;
• attract students to active cognitive activities;
• development logical thinking students through the organization independent work at the lesson.

I have never become a slave to the woman I love.

M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of our time"

During the classes

1. Updating knowledge

1. Conversation with students

Today in class we will continue to study the incredibly unique novel by M. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”

What makes this work unique? (this is the first psychological novel in Russian literature)

What is the main object of study in a psychological novel?

A psychological novel is a type of novel in which the main objective– depiction and study of the “inner world of man”, in this work the object of study is Pechorin, because it is he who represents, as the author himself said,“a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation.”

1. Determining the topic of the lesson and setting goals

1. Teacher's word

Pechorin is complex psychological image. The author reveals this image in different ways: one of the methods for revealing the image is to analyze the hero’s relationship to the people around him. In the last lesson, we analyzed Pechorin’s relationships with Maxim Maksimych, with Werner, with Grushnitsky and came to the conclusion that Pechorin does not know how to value friendship. Perhaps it is no coincidence that in his Diary he writes: “...My first pleasure is to subordinate to my will everything that surrounds me; to arouse feelings of love, devotion and fear - isn’t this the first sign and the greatest triumph of power.”

Lermontov also takes his hero through the test of love, since, according to the writer himself, this is the highest human value.

What they help you understand in Pechorin female images? This question will be the main one in today's lesson.

“The female characters in the novel “A Hero of Our Time” were a great success for Lermontov,” - this is how the famous literary critic that time V.G. Belinsky.

Indeed in this workseveral central female images are presented. This is, first of all, Vera - a secular married lady who is associated with Grigory Pechorin love story back in the days when the young hero lived in St. Petersburg. This is also Princess Mary Ligovskaya - a relative of Vera, whom Pechorin meets during his stay in Kislovodsk and, due to the boredom that gripped him, makes the girl fall in love with him.

This is the daughter of the Circassian prince Bel, who was kidnapped by her brother and given to Pechorin as a concubine. And finally, this is a girl whom the hero himself called Ondine, that is, a “mermaid” - the beloved of the smuggler Yanko, a casual acquaintance of the main character of the novel, who appeared in the story “Taman”.

And each of these female images highlights a specific feature in the character of the hero and performs its compositional function.

1. Work on the topic of the lesson

1. Group work

• Group 1 – Pechorin and Bela

1. Remember the story of Pechorin’s acquaintance with Bela.
2. Why does the girl first reject Pechorin's love?
3. By what methods did Pechorin achieve Bela’s love? Why did he soon lose interest in her? Did he really adore her?
4. What is the role of Bela’s appearance in understanding Pechorin’s character?

• Group 2 – Pechorin and Undine

1. Do you remember from the content of the story how Pechorin met this girl? What impression did she make on him?
2. In what ways was the undine girl superior to Pechorin and in what ways was she inferior to him? Support your thoughts with quotes from the text.
3. What is compositional role this image in the novel? What character traits of Pechorin does it help to understand?

• Group 3 – Pechorin and Princess Mary

1. If in the situation with Bela Pechorin behaves like an egoist, then how does he change in his relationship with Mary?
2. What does Pechorin honestly say about himself? last conversation with Mary?
3. What is Mary's moral superiority over Pechorin? Support your opinion with quotes from entries made in Pechorin’s diary dated June 3, 12.

• Group 4 – Pechorin and Vera

1. How, in your opinion, does Vera differ from previous heroines? Describe her.
2. Describe Pechorin and Vera’s feelings for each other. Confirm your thoughts with quotes from entries made in the Diary of May 16 and 23, as well as from Vera’s letter to Pechorin after the duel and the episode of the hero’s pursuit of Vera.
3. What did Vera sacrifice for Pechorin?
4. Can you say that Vera loved Pechorin?
5. Why did Pechorin treat her differently than the others?
6. Which episode in the text suggests that he is afraid of losing her.
7. How does the image of Vera help to understand the character of Pechorin?

1. Summary conversation

1. Conversation with the class

The fates of all female characters are, in the end, distorted: Bela dies, Mary suffers, Vera flees from love...

Why are Pechorin’s relationships with the people he loved and with whom he was close so tragic? Prove your opinion with the text of the work.

How does the hero himself try to explain this situation?

1. Teacher's word

So, all female images in the novel play an important role: with their help, Lermontov shows that Pechorin is lonely in any environment, he cannot find peace even in such deep feeling like love. Women, no matter what circle they belong to, can captivate him only for a moment, but he cannot completely surrender to this feeling, and this is his tragedy.

V1. Lesson summary

1. Teacher's words

The female characters in the novel are certainly higher and purer than Pechorin himself. All the heroines in the novel are women “with a strong character,” so they are more integral, sincere, decisive natures; they, unlike Pechorin, know how to love and feel deeply.

In addition, we see that life confronts Pechorin with the most different people. He does not wish harm to anyone, but still causes it. For the hero, the people around him are only a means to satisfy curiosity, relieve boredom, or experience new adventures. He's selfish. “He has first place,” writes V.G. Belinsky – always himself, his desires.”

VI1. Homework

1. Read the article by V.G. Belinsky about the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time".
2. Write down quotes that characterize Pechorin.

Literature program for grades 5-11 / author's compilation. V.Ya. Korovina. - Moscow: Education, 2013. - 43 p.