Military registration and enlistment offices: mission possible. Social and pedagogical foundations of the activities of military commissariats to improve the pre-conscription training of youth Marat Masgutovich Mukhamadeev participation in the all-Russian action “I choose sports as an alternative to harmful practices”
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Mukhamadeev Marat Masgutovich. Social and pedagogical foundations of the activities of military commissariats to improve pre-conscription training of youth: Dis. ...cand. ped. Sciences: 13.00.01: Moscow, 1997 231 p. RSL OD, 61:98-13/354-X
Introduction
Chapter I. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the activities of military commissariats for pre-conscription training of youth for service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
1. Historical and pedagogical analysis of the problem of formation and development of the system of organization and functioning of pre-conscription training for youth 14-35
2. The essence, content and features of the activities of military commissariats in preparing pre-conscripts for military service 36-50
3. Analysis of the practice of activities of local military authorities in pre-conscription training of future army and navy soldiers 51-66
Chapter II. Experimental study of the process of activities of military commissariats to improve pre-conscription training of youth
1. Objectives and methodology of experimental work... 67-78
2. Justification of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of building a system of pre-conscription training for young men in military registration and enlistment offices..79-91
3. Analysis of the dynamics and results of experimental work 92-113
Chapter III. The main areas of activity of military commissariats to improve pre-conscription training of youth
1. Optimization of military-professional orientation of youth 114-128
2. Strengthening the professional and pedagogical orientation of training officials of local military authorities to work with pre-conscripts 129-141
3. Development of cooperation between military commissariats and state and public organizations for pre-conscription training of future soldiers 142-153
Conclusion 154-161
References 162-175
Applications
Introduction to the work
Relevance of the problem. At all stages of the formation and development of the Russian state, the defense of the Fatherland has been and remains the sacred duty of the entire people 1. The most important condition for maintaining the Russian Armed Forces in a state of defense readiness in modern conditions is the effective and high-quality preparation of young people for military service.
Currently, in the Russian Federation, the need to improve pre-conscription training of youth (hereinafter referred to as PDM) for the defense of the Motherland, which is carried out mainly by military commissariats (hereinafter referred to as VK), is due to a number of factors.
Firstly, the causes of wars and military conflicts remain in the world. In these conditions, comprehensive preparation of the younger generation for the defense of their Fatherland remains an important factor in strengthening the country’s defense capability.
Secondly, with a significant reduction in the Armed Forces and a reduction in military spending, and the transition to a contract system of service, there is an urgent need to prepare a well-trained reserve, ready to conduct combat operations without being in the ranks of the army and navy.
Thirdly, the increasing role of pre-conscription training for future defenders of the Motherland is largely determined by the influence of scientific and technological progress on the development of military affairs, which places high demands on the military and technical training of soldiers. Military labor in modern conditions has become more differentiated. So, for example, if by the beginning of the First World War there were 15-20 main military specialties, during the Second World War - J.60, now in the armies there are more than 2 thousand military-technical specialties, many of which involve
1 See: Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly // Ross. Gas. - 1 997. - March 7.
serious preparation.
Fourthly, an analysis of the practice of the military commissariats of Russia and other CIS countries showed that skillful and purposeful work on educating young patriots who defend the Motherland helps unite the entire population for the joint defense of a common home. It significantly reduces tension in interethnic relations and should become a factor in the unity of the army and the people.
Fifthly, the changed moral foundations of society give rise to legal nihilism, political naivety, consumer psychology and pacifist sentiments of the majority of adolescents.
Today, in the public consciousness of our compatriots, and especially young people, manifestations of spiritual and moral emptiness are intensifying. The traditional values of folk life, national history and culture are being deeply eroded. The ideas of patriotism, without which the revival of the Fatherland is impossible, have also lost their role to a large extent. The study showed that every second of those surveyed considers such concepts as patriotism, honor, and military duty to be a thing of the past and meaningless. Over 35% of young people declared their readiness to leave Russia, and about 70% said that military service was pointless.
Sixth, the expansion of the initial military training program (hereinafter referred to as NVP) in secondary schools: curtailment social support patriotic associations; oblivion of mass youth military-patriotic games and actions; definancing of DOSAAF (now ROSTO), youth military-patriotic publications, television and radio programs.
All this does not contribute to the formation among young people of the desire to prepare themselves for the defense of the Fatherland, and gives rise to numerous evasions from
b active service, only in the fall of last year about 37 thousand people found themselves in the category of “draft dodgers” 1 .
Seventh, an analysis of the work practice of military commissariats 2 shows that, as a coordinating body for preparing young people for military service, they not only experience objective difficulties, but also show insufficient professional preparation for its implementation. The study revealed that a significant part VK employees have low professional and pedagogical knowledge, skills and abilities to work with pre-conscription youth. Based on the results of surveys of VK officers, 67% noted an insufficient level of developed skills in themselves and their subordinates in working with pre-conscription youth.
The level of development of the scientific problem showed that significant research work has been carried out on the problems of DPM for the army service. For example, social-pedagogical and organizational-pedagogical problems of preparing young people for military service are reflected in the candidate's dissertations of N.P. Aksenova, I.Ya. Gnatko, T.A. Dvuzhilova, S.S. Kotsevich, N.Ya. Mironova, N.A. Nizhneva, V.V. Tretyakova, B.C. Wonderful. The historical and pedagogical aspect was studied in the dissertations of V.L. Balobonova, N.F. Gudchenko, S.V. Kalinina, I.A. Peshkova, E.V. Piulsky, A.V. Sannikova.
In the dissertations of A.A. Aronova, V.V. Artemenko, M. Annakulova, A.N. Vyrshchikova, Kh.L. Khristov explored the ways and conditions of military-patriotic education in the process of students studying NVP and the fundamentals of science. V.G. Zhdanov, A.M. Lolua, N.I. Khromov, S.F. Shakarov attempted to analyze the didactic and methodological problems of NVP.
Some aspects of developing students' readiness for military service are discussed in the works of V.N. Loskutova, V.I. Lutovinova, G.T. Sivakova,
2 The study was conducted in 1. republican, 2 regional, 7 city and district military
commissariats.
A.A. Kunzman, N.A. Shangina and others. A number of pressing problems in the physical education of conscript youth were solved in the dissertations of M.M.Bak, S.N. Zueva, V.V. Konstantinova, P.D. Lukashova.
The doctoral dissertations of N.A. are of significant scientific and practical interest. Belousova, A.R. Zhurmakanova, L.ABublika, A.P.Volkova, N.M. Konzhieva, M.A. Terentey, V.F. Farfarovsky, H.G. Fatalieva, T.M. Shashlo. In them, along with topical issues of the theory and history of military-patriotic education, pedagogical issues of preparing young people for military service are analyzed.
However, in monographic and dissertation works there is no theoretical and methodological plan for special research devoted to the pedagogical justification for improving the activities of military commissariats in preparing pre-conscription youth for military service in changed socio-economic and political conditions.
The relevance of the problem, its practical and theoretical significance, as well as insufficient development in military pedagogy, determined its choice as a dissertation research.
Object of study is the activity of military commissariats in preparing pre-conscripts for military service, and subject- social and pedagogical foundations for its improvement in modern conditions.
Purpose of the study- to clarify the theoretical foundations, justify and experimentally test the main directions for increasing the effectiveness of the activities of military commissariats in preparing young people for service in the ranks of the Russian Armed Forces.
In accordance with the purpose of the dissertation, the following tasks were solved: 1. To clarify the idea of the essence and content of the socio-pedagogical activities of military commissariats in preparation for military service.
2. Develop and experimentally test a comprehensive targeted program of social and pedagogical activities of military commissariats to improve the preparation of young people for active service in the ranks of the RF Armed Forces.
3. To substantiate the main social and pedagogical directions for qualitatively increasing the level of preparation of pre-conscription youth for military service using the forces and means of military commissariats.
4. Develop and justify scientific and methodological recommendations for practical activities military commissariats to optimize the military-patriotic education of the younger generation.
As working hypothesis It was suggested that in the conditions of radical reform of the Armed Forces, changes in the quality characteristics of equipment and personnel, there is an objective need to increase the efficiency of pre-conscription training of young people. But a significant part of young people do not show interest in military service, its prestige is falling; the activities of certain media outlets have a pronounced anti-army orientation; The quality of work of military commissariats, state and public organizations in pre-conscription training of future soldiers has been reduced.
It is possible to overcome these contradictions and improve the quality of training young people for military service if the activities of military commissariats, as the main link of social and pedagogical institutions of pre-conscription training, are carried out comprehensively and the necessary conditions are created for their creative social and pedagogical activities, which involves optimizing the military-professional orientation of youth ; strengthening the professional and pedagogical orientation of training officials of local military administration bodies (hereinafter referred to as LGUU) to work with pre-conscripts; development of cooperation between military commissariats and state
government and public organizations for pre-conscription training of future soldiers.
Meth odologists logical basis The research consists of the following provisions: the concept of the unity of the formation of consciousness, personality and activity; scientific patterns that reveal the unity of theory and practice in professional training, the comprehensive consideration of age, socio-psychological and other characteristics of young people in the process of working with them, the transformation of acquired knowledge into beliefs, etc.
The study was carried out taking into account the content of policy documents on reforming the Armed Forces and updating pre-conscription training for young people; modern requirements for professional training of military personnel; scientific organization of labor VK.
In his work, the dissertation author was based on the principles of scientificity and objectivity, concreteness and abstraction, historical and logical, induction and deduction, comparison and evaluation of pedagogical phenomena of the past and present.
The study was based on theoretical principles developed in the works of domestic PC teachers and psychologists. Anokhina, A.A. Aronova, Yu.K. Babansky, AJB. Barabanshchikova, LABUblika, V.I. Vdovyuka, D.I. Vodzinsky, I.F. Vydrina, V.N. Gerasimova, P.N. Gorodova, V.P. Davydova, M.A Danilova, M.I. Dyachenko, B.P. Esipova, L.F. Zheleznyaka, L.V. Zankova, I.A. Kamkova, L.A. Kandybovich, N.I. Kiryashova, N.M. Konzhieva, F.F. Koroleva, N.S. Kravchuna, K.A. Kulinkovich, I.D. Ladanova, A.N. Leontyev, I.A. Lipsky, M.U. Piskunova, K.K. Platonova, A.T. Rostunova, M.N. Skatkina, V.A. Slastenina, V.Ya. Slepova, A.M. Stolyarenko, V.V. Tretyakova, V.F. Farfarovsky, N.F. Fedenko, I.F. Kharlamova, T.M. Shashlo, G.I. Shchukina, VT. Yusova and others.
The personal-community-activity concept of education developed at the Department of Pedagogy of the Military University was the basis for carrying out experimental work, justifying the main directions of effective activities of military commissariats for pre-conscription training of youth. The study was carried out in military commissariats. Moscow, Zelenograd, Republic of Tatarstan. In addition, research material was obtained from formations and units of the Moscow and Volga military districts.
All work was carried out in several interconnected stages using a comprehensive methodology.
The first stage (1992 - 1994) was devoted to a theoretical understanding of literary sources and normative documents on the problem under study, as well as to the study of the real process of pre-conscription training of youth for the army in military commissariats. This allowed the author to determine the leading idea and concept of the dissertation, formulate the target setting and objectives, develop a hypothesis, work plan and research methodology. At this stage, a theoretical analysis of literary sources was carried out using the methods of participant observation, conversations, interviews, analysis of documents and results of activities, questionnaires, and the practical experience of the military commission in pre-conscription training of youth was studied.
Second phase(1994 - 1995) included testing the hypothesis, preliminary conclusions and recommendations of the dissertation candidate in the process of experimental work. At the same time, best practices in the activities of military commissariats and military-patriotic education were studied, and new sources on the problem under study were analyzed. The results obtained were actively implemented into practice. At this stage, the following methods were used: observation, conversations, analysis of performance results,
11 stating and forming experiments, generalization of independent characteristics, expert assessment, etc.
Third stage(1995 - 1996) is associated with the theoretical generalization of materials obtained during experimental work, the introduction of conclusions and recommendations into the practice of military commissariats, and literary preparation of the dissertation. During this stage, methods of generalization, systematization, mathematical processing of results, and theoretical analysis were used.
Overall volume the work done.
During the study, more than 250 literary sources on the problem and related ones, about 100 regulatory documents were studied and analyzed. A comprehensive study of the activities of 10 military commissariats at various levels was carried out. More than 00 VC workers, more than 300 conscripts and more than 400 pre-conscripts were interviewed in conversations, interviews, and questionnaires.
Scientific novelty The study carried out is that it analyzes the current state of practice of the military commission in pre-conscription training of youth; ideas about the socio-pedagogical foundations of the essence, content and features of the event were clarified; a comprehensive program was developed and experimentally tested, the main ways to increase the effectiveness of training young people for service in the Armed Forces using the forces and means of the Military Commission; Practical recommendations for various categories of officials on optimizing the patriotic education of pre-conscription youth have been substantiated and tested.
Submitted for defense:
I. Understanding the essence of the activities of military commissariats in pre-conscription training of youth for military service in its content and dynamic characteristics.
2. Developed and tested during experimental
work system for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of military commissariats in pre-conscription training of youth for military service, including procedural, propaedeutic and effective criteria and their indicators.
3. Developed and experimentally tested comprehensive
program, main directions and socio-pedagogical conditions
improving the activities of military commissariats for pre-conscription
youth training: optimization of military professional guidance
youth; strengthening professional and pedagogical orientation
training officials of military commissariats to work with
pre-conscripts; development of cooperation between military commissariats and
state and public organizations for pre-conscription
training future warriors.
Practical significance b research is determined by the use of its results in the activities of military commissariats for pre-conscription training of youth, in improving the patriotic education of future soldiers, and improving the pedagogical skills of military commissariats workers.
The theoretical and methodological material of the dissertation is used in the development of self-education programs for military commanders and leaders of mass defense organizations. The results of the dissertation can also be used in classes on pedagogy and psychology with officers of faculties and retraining and advanced training courses, in classes on public and state training.
The reliability and validity of conclusions and scientific results is ensured by the implementation of the personal-social-activity concept of education, a system of various methods adequate to the goals and objectives
research, the use of mathematical statistics, a comprehensive analysis of the results of experimental work and is confirmed by the practice of military commissariats, which is documented.
Approbation of research results was carried out throughout the entire period of the study and during the pedagogical experiment conducted in a number of republican, regional, city and district military commissariats. The conclusions and recommendations of the study were used in the formation of concepts for the patriotic education of youth, carried out on the instructions of the Main Directorate of Educational Work of the Ministry of Defense RF. The results of the study were tested during classes with students at the Faculty of Psychology of the Military University, as well as in classes on public and state training with employees of the Military Commission; were discussed at meetings of the Department of Pedagogy and the subject-methodological commission on social pedagogy of the Military University, as well as during methodological meetings with employees of military registration and enlistment offices in the cities. Moscow and Kazan.
The design of the study, its purpose and objectives determined the structure and
content of the dissertation, which consists of an introduction, three chapters (I -
Theoretical and methodological foundations of the activities of military commissariats for pre-conscription training of young people for service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; II - Experimental study of the process of improving the activities of military commissariats in working with pre-conscription youth; ІЇІ - Main directions of activity of military commissariats to improve pre-conscription training of young people), conclusion, list of references and appendices.
Historical and pedagogical analysis of the problem of formation and development of the system of organization and functioning of pre-conscription training for youth
The existing system of preparing pre-conscription youth for military service cannot be understood and analyzed without considering its development, that is, historically.
Such an analysis, from our point of view, must begin from the moment of the creation of the regular army in Russia. This can be used to draw an analogy of the correspondence between the systems of training youth for military service from the time of Peter the Great to our times, and to compare the initial pedagogical guidelines in the organization of this process.
Peter 1, having abolished the Streltsy regiments (1698), based the recruitment of the army on the compulsory service of nobles and on the collection of datochny people, who were called recruits from 1705. The nature of military service has changed: previously, the army was almost entirely settled and gathered only in wartime and for short training sessions; now it has become permanent1.
It is an established fact that “amusing troops” played a great role in the fate of Peter 1. The history of the creation of these troops is known. At the beginning of 1863, Peter's childhood comrades were stationed in the village of Preobrazhenskoye near Moscow, where, together with the young tsar, they played war games called amusing ones.
The idea of amusing, says historian A.M. Nazarov, this is preparing the people for what they will need in war. The goal is to train warriors for whom “soldierhood” would be a hated bondage, but a cutting workshop in which they would acquire the uniform facets of the crystal that shone with amazing brilliance in the hands of the victorious2.
The program for achieving this goal included: 1) development of physical strength and dexterity of children aged 9-12 years through outdoor games and gymnastic exercises; 2) development of courage and enterprise in children by introducing a certain amount of danger and risk into games. For this purpose, they used climbing cliffs, ravines, crossing unsteady bridges, logs, and playing robbers. During this game, the “amusing” ones will imperceptibly comprehend guard duty, reconnaissance, and through experience they will come to the realization that “reason and art win more than multitudes”; 3) learning to use weapons, not only how to use a gun, but also the ability to shoot and stab; 4) familiarizing the “amusing” ones with military equipment and teaching them how to use it; 5) developing discipline, a sense of honor and camaraderie; 6) knowledge of the fatherland and an understanding of its historical tasks by familiarizing the “amusing” with the brightest and darkest pages of our history, as well as with the forces and aspirations of the most dangerous neighbors; 7) developing love for the sovereign and the fatherland, 8) instilling in the “amusing” people a love for the army.
This was the program that Peter 1 implemented step by step and which indicates the beginning of the creation of a system of preparation for military service. The decision to establish a gentry cadet corps was aimed at improving this system, the opening of which followed on February 17, 17321. Along with general educational training, young people studying in the corps also received primary military education, which allowed them to perform military service duties.
The preparation of conscript contingents in pre-revolutionary Russia was directly carried out by military presences - institutions for serving military service2.
Military presences were formed: in every province and region (with the exception of the regions of the Don, Kuban, Terek and Ural troops). They included: the governor (chairman), vice-governor, provincial leader of the nobility, chairman of the provincial zemstvo council, one member of this council, the district military commander or his replacement and the district court prosecutor or his comrade.
In each district or district there is a district or district presence for military service, chaired by the district marshal of the nobility. It consisted of members: the district military commander or his replacement, the district police officer and a member of the zemstvo government. When present at the conscription sites, its composition was supplemented by one of the residents of the conscription site, elected by the district zemstvo assembly for 3 years.
The provincial or regional presence was entrusted with: 1) general monitoring throughout the entire province or region of the correct progress of the recruitment and reception of those subject to military service; 2) the distribution of the number of recruits assigned to the province or region between recruiting stations; 3) re-examination of persons subject to military service; 4) consideration of complaints against county, district and city presences.
County, district and city presences: 1) compiled and repeated private draft lists; 2) made the call itself; 3) determined the rights of each conscript; 4) determined which of those called up and in what order were appointed to serve; 5) carried out an examination of persons subject to appointment to service; 6) accepted recruits.
The “Charter on Military Service (1874)” notes that conscription is carried out by county and city military service presences, the actions of which are as follows:
1) the age of persons for whom it is not documented is determined by appearance; 2) the list of conscripts is read, indicating which benefit is assigned to whom (the deadline for applying for the right to a benefit is during this reading); 3) conscripts are called to draw lots; 4) their health is examined; 5) those who are physically fit, depending on the lot number and the right to benefits, are accepted into service or enlisted in the militia warriors of the 1st category; the physically weak receive a deferment or are enlisted as warriors of the 2nd category; those unable to bear arms are permanently exempt from service; 6) the list of those recruited is read and these persons are sworn in1.
As we see, the military presences directly responsible for carrying out military service by the population did not perform the specific function of preparing all youth for military service.
This work mainly boiled down to the education of the officer corps in cadet schools. Although, by the beginning of the 20th century, public organizations appeared that dealt with the problem of pre-conscription training for young people2.
The further development of the system of training young people for military service is associated with the post-October period!.9!. 7 years old. The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee “On compulsory training in the art of war” dated April 22, 1918 was aimed at this. The decree obligated workers aged 18-40 to undergo a 96-hour military training program without interruption from work. It established compulsory preparatory military education for schoolchildren aged 16-18. The Universal Training program provided training in the actions of a single fighter. In April 1919, the 1st All-Russian Congress on Physical Culture, Sports and Pre-Conscription Training approved the “regulations on pre-conscription military training of youth.”
The essence, content and features of the activities of military commissariats in preparing pre-conscripts for military service
Preparation for military service is one of the main directions of military-patriotic education of the working people, and above all the younger generation of the country. This place is determined by its leading role in the formation of moral, political, psychological, combat, physical and other personality traits of future soldiers, their initial military knowledge, skills and abilities.
Pre-conscription training of young people is carried out within the framework of a certain system that has a complex structure. The subjects of the system are military commissariats, teachers and instructors of ROSTO educational organizations, OJE methodologists, teaching teams and public organizations of educational institutions, patronage military units, committees of soldiers' mothers, teenage associations, cultural and art bodies, the media, labor collectives, army veterans, families of conscripts . The object of training is pre-conscription and conscription (student and working) youth. This is a time of early youth, active civic formation, the formation of beliefs, moral and other personality traits, limited life experience, the manifestation and overcoming of complex internal contradictions and difficulties.
The problem of the essence of the system of preparing young people for military service has been repeatedly raised in pedagogical literature.
So B.C. Chudny understands by it the totality of content, forms and methods of organizing the cognitive and practical activities of young people, aimed at comprehensive preparation for the fulfillment of the Fatherland." Close to this position is N.M. Konzhiev, who proposes to clarify the concept of a system not from attempts to draw up comprehensive formulations , and from highlighting its essential features characteristic of the real process of educational work2 N.A. Belousov in his doctoral dissertation concludes that preparing young people for military service is a social-pedagogical system and a socially significant, bilaterally active, multifaceted and complex process.
A.A. Aronov complements the understanding of the essence of preparing young people for military service by revealing the functions of the training system, among which he identifies: educational (formation of value orientations of a patriot-internationalist citizen); didactic (formation of military-applied knowledge, skills and abilities), developmental (formation of psychophysical qualities personalities necessary for a warrior to perform combat missions)4.
Based on the approaches of specialists to the problem of the essence of preparing youth for military service, we consider it necessary to emphasize the following: The essence of preparing youth for service in the ranks of the T*F Armed Forces can be determined based on the dialectics and interrelation of the philosophical categories of part and whole.
On the one hand, preparing young people for military service is one of the components of the socio-pedagogical process of targeted and systematic influence (influence) on pre-conscription youth in the context of DPM institutions. On the other hand, it acts as a priority direction in the military-patriotic education of the younger generation.
Because of this, the nature and direction of training must be constantly determined by objective requirements, determined in turn by the specific features of each type of social activity, including military. These are: direct multifaceted connection with state interests, fulfillment of social orders; specificity of the goals, objectives and content of the PDM in the VC; the particular intensity and dynamism of the socio-pedagogical process in the MEP system; special regulation of relationships between participants in this process; specificity of objects and subjects of pre-army training; specificity of the role and meaning of unity of command on a legal basis. The combination of these requirements forms the basis for activities to develop the readiness of young people to fulfill their constitutional duty in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. (See diagram No. I)
Naturally, training must have all the necessary conditions for the implementation of such requirements, which is achievable only by uniting and coordinating the efforts of a wide variety of government and public bodies and organizations. At the same time, military commissariats act as an organizing and coordinating body that ensures targeted work to prepare young people for service in the army and navy.
Based on these judgments, it seems possible to define the preparation of youth for military service as a multifaceted, coordinated, systematic and purposeful activity of state and public bodies and organizations to ensure the comprehensive readiness of the younger generation to implement the function of protection in any sphere of society, including in the ranks of the Armed Forces Strength It is a long, continuous, complex and intense process that is complex in nature, based on the unity of goals, objectives, principles, forms, methods and means, implemented in the interaction of all parts participating in it.
Based on the foregoing, the essence of the activities of military commissariats for pre-conscription training of youth can be defined as a system of socio-economic, psychological, pedagogical, medical and organizational measures carried out by military commissariats and aimed at developing the readiness of young people to consciously and conscientiously fulfill the duties of military labor.
The purpose of the activities of military commissariats for pre-conscription training of young people is to develop readiness for military service1.
This goal is specified in a number of interrelated tasks. As the study showed, these include:
First of all, instilling in future soldiers patriotism and internationalism, responsibility for fulfilling military duty, military norms of behavior, and a sense of collectivism;
Secondly, instilling in pre-conscripts initial military knowledge, skills and abilities;
Thirdly, mental and physical development conscripts in accordance with the requirements of upcoming military service;
Fourth, the psychological hardening of youth, the development of internal readiness, emotional-volitional stability and other necessary psychological qualities necessary for the future warrior;
Fifthly, coordination of the activities of parents of pre-conscription conscripts, the public, local authorities and representatives of military units and institutions on organizational, socio-pedagogical, legal and medical support for conscription.
The natural dependencies1 identified during the study made it possible to substantiate and experimentally test the fundamental provisions that determine the effective preparation of young people for military service” and to formulate principles that objectively reflect them.
These include: focus, a scientific approach to the process of pre-conscription training of youth, the connection between theoretical and practical preparation of youth for military service; military-professional orientation of pre-conscription training; systematic, consistent and comprehensive pre-conscription training; taking into account the age and individual psychological characteristics of pre-conscription youth. Let's take a closer look at them.
Justification of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of building a system of pre-conscription training for young men in military registration and enlistment offices
Among the most important and complex issues of experimental work is the development and testing of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the pedagogical phenomenon being studied. The process of searching and testing the system of criteria in practice was carried out in three stages and included;
1. Analysis of available approaches to understanding the essence of criteria for assessing the development of pedagogical phenomena.
2. Studying the experience of developing criteria by researchers dealing with the problem of the content and functioning of military-patriotic education.
3. Identification of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of the VC for DIM, their systematization and verification of the possibility of application in practice.
A study of literary sources in all areas of preparing youth for the defense of the Motherland shows that the criteria arose from the requirements of life itself, reflected in specific documents.
For example, in terms of moral and political preparation, they were conditioned by the general provisions of communist ideology” recorded in the decisions communist party on ideological and defense issues.
The criteria for military training of boys and girls were laid down in programs for initial military training1, introduced in accordance with the USSR Law “On Universal Military Duty” of 1967, as well as in military training programs in higher educational institutions, and the requirements of general military regulations. The changes that took place in military affairs and the specificity of specific military specialties that conscripts were trained in left their mark on military training.
The physical readiness of young people to defend the country was determined by standards, GZR and GTO complexes, and physical education curricula in various educational institutions.
An analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature shows that many authors identify systemic and functional criteria for the readiness of young people to serve in the army and navy, as well as levels of this readiness.
Researchers include among system criteria: understanding the essence of the confrontation between two social systems, the threat of war that comes from imperialism; deep, lasting conviction in the need for all-out defense of the socialist system; conscious, systematic self-preparation for armed resistance to any attacks by the aggressor on the security of the country; the ability to strictly implement military regulations and orders of commanders, to internally perceive them as the dictates of the Motherland; practical, internally conscious experience of military-patriotic activity in its various forms; readiness for heroic actions and deeds in extreme conditions.
In contrast to the systemic ones, functional criteria, which were also heterogeneous but their significance, were divided into several C>U^n. In their totality, in interconnection and unity, they ensured the manifestation of the above systemic signs of readiness to defend the Motherland. The first such group included criteria of moral and political readiness, which included:
1. Deep knowledge of the doctrine of defense of the Fatherland;
2. Conviction in the correctness of the state’s domestic and foreign policies; moral stability;
3. Awareness of the reasons for the aggravation of the international situation, the threat of a new world war; 4. Confidence in the power of the Armed Forces;
5. Conviction in the economic, political, cultural, moral superiority of the Motherland over other countries;
6. Emotional perception of the revolutionary, military and labor traditions of the people”, the presence of a generalized ideal of the defender of the Motherland, regulating the self-motivation of youth to fulfill their civil and military duty to the Motherland;
7. Availability social feelings- duty, patriotism, hatred of enemies, personal responsibility for protecting the country, high vigilance1 *
A separate group consisted of criteria for psychological readiness. The main ones were: 1. High development of mental and volitional properties, emotional and socio-psychological qualities; 2. Knowledge of the nature of nuclear war, the strength of new weapons, the effectiveness of various means of possible protection from their damaging factors, an idea of the difficulties and tests that can be encountered in a real combat situation; 3. Adaptation to the conditions of military activity and combat teams, accumulation of psychological experience of appropriate behavior in conditions of military activity; 4. The ability to control one’s behavior, suppress or block some feelings (fear, panic, confusion, etc.) and strengthen others (feelings of love for the Motherland, duty, hatred of enemies); overcoming moral, volitional and physical stress; the possibility of transferring mental qualities from one type of activity to another.
A large group was formed by the criteria for military training, which completely depended on the level of development military science, military equipment and weapons. They included: I. Knowledge of the essence of scientific and technological revolution and its influence on military affairs; 2. Level of knowledge, skills and abilities in basic military training, civil defense; 3. Knowledge of aircraft construction; 4. Interest in technology and weapons, firm confidence in their high reliability, military-technical skills and abilities necessary for successful mastery of a specific military specialty; 5. The ability to transfer this knowledge, skills and abilities to other types of military activities; 6. Experience in a specific military application field; 7. The ability to focus as much as possible on solving problems in the combat use of military equipment and weapons; 8. The ability to transfer general technical skills in situations of military-technical activity.
Physical fitness criteria were of great importance for determining the readiness of young people to defend the Fatherland. Among them stood out: 1. Development of general physical qualities - strength, speed, agility and endurance associated with the performance of functions to protect the Motherland; 2. The presence of special physical qualities - resistance to motion sickness, mountain diseases, actions in hot climates and limited drinking conditions, hyperventilation, actions in special equipment, etc.
Optimization of military-professional orientation of youth
Based on the practice of the activities of military commissariats in the pre-conscription training of youth, the modern requirements of the RF Ministry of Defense in this area and specially carried out experimental work, the main directions for improving this process are determined: optimization of the military-professional orientation of youth; strengthening the professional and pedagogical orientation of training officials of military commissariats to work with pre-conscription youth; development of cooperation between military registration and enlistment offices with government agencies and public organizations for pre-conscription training of youth.
I. Optimization of military-professional orientation of youth. A study of approaches to determining criteria and methods for optimizing the process of educating and training young recruits showed that different authors have different understandings of the optimization procedure itself. Thus, military teacher B. G. Kh. Barkhaev sees the task of optimizing the construction of an educational subject; in the most adequate representation in the educational material of all aspects of scientific knowledge (cognitive, mental, active); ensuring the most complete compliance of the logical-didactic structure with the didactic opportunities presented modern methods developmental education; creating prerequisites for reflecting the level of didactic readiness of real real subjects in the structure educational activities and subsequent flexible response to changes in this level in order to achieve a socially necessary level of teaching effectiveness in this subject1. This ensures that optimality corresponds only to certain elements of the educational subject and does not consider the functioning of the entire system.
A.M. Matkshkin considers the optimization of the learning process only as the selection of conditions that provide the most complete and rapid solution to the cognitive problem that a student faces in learning. Although it is quite obvious that the recommended activities can only be individual components of the educational process. SI. Arkhangelsky considers optimization as a factor that determines the content and range of tasks of the scientific organization of the educational process, i.e. considers optimization not as an independent process, but only as a certain qualitative characteristic of the final results of solving three interrelated problems: building an optimal system and all its elements; establishing optimal ways of its functioning and development; selection of appropriate ways to evaluate, regulate and manage it2.
According to Yu.K. Babansky optimization of this process involves the implementation of such a system of measures to improve it, in which maximum educational results are achieved with the minimum amount of time and effort required for specific conditions3. Thus, the author limits himself to optimizing the system of measures taken in relation to the pedagogical process.
The dissertation author, taking into account the existing approaches to the process of optimizing pedagogical activity and isolating their rational core, in the process of experimental research, considered the problem as optimizing the content of military professional guidance, meaning by this, firstly, a clear establishment of the structural elements that form the specified direction of the PDM ( as a system reflected in the practical activities of military registration and enlistment offices); secondly, the application of optimization procedures1 to each of these structural elements; thirdly, the establishment and maintenance in an optimal state of connections and relationships between the subsystems of pre-conscription training of future soldiers in accordance with the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of its construction (see: Chapter K, $2) and functioning in the structures of the Ministry of Military Education.
As the study showed, military professional guidance is a system of socio-economic, psychological, pedagogical, medical and organizational activities of military commissariats, which are integral part pre-conscription training of young people, their military-patriotic education and aimed at forming in the younger generation a readiness to consciously fulfill constitutional responsibilities for the defense of the Fatherland and an informed choice of a military profession in accordance with their desires, inclinations and abilities and taking into account the existing public needs for specialists in various military profiles labor.
The experience of military commissariats and the results of expo-naming indicate that the optimization of military-professional orientation of pre-conscription youth consists of:
Adequate reflection of goals in the content of its components;
Determining the didactic readiness of PDM subjects to implement what is planned, planned in specific practice;
Selection and optimal combination of types of educational and cognitive activities, means and methods of work of VK employees; establishing the most preferable forms and methods of organizing career guidance events;
Rational use of temporary and other reserves; analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of the career guidance process for pre-conscripts and correction on this basis of all elements of the CSA system in order to achieve an optimal result.
A study of the work practices of military registration and enlistment office employees, an analysis of the reporting documents of the conscription organization show that, despite the great importance of the military-professional orientation of youth, the need for its optimization, this important link in the system of pre-conscription training of young recruits to the army and navy is not carried out actively, systematically and G- Tedenaprallechmo, without vv^ra modern requirements.
For example, only 15% of the surveyed VK workers pay due attention to this problem, the majority (65-70%) work in this direction sporadically, a)0-).5% not only do not carry out any specific work, but generally deny the importance career guidance measures, believing that this is the responsibility of schools, educational institutions, the conscripts themselves and their parents.
Experimental work has revealed a number of reasons influencing the content and optimization of military professional orientation of young people: ignorance of military registration and enlistment office officials of the basics of the scientific organization of this work; lack of proper distribution of forces, means and capabilities of the military collectives of the VC, basically, shifting all responsibility only to the workers of conscription departments; the inability of the majority of RVC managers to build their work in collaboration with other social and pedagogical institutions, the public, the media and culture; formalism, and sometimes even departmental bureaucracy of military commissars, hiding behind “the barrage of current problems.”
This analysis shows that the optimization of military professional guidance requires a comprehensive solution and depends on the rational use of all its aspects in the practical activities of military registration and enlistment offices.
As the results of the study confirmed, the effectiveness of pre-conscription training of young people in the MOVU system increases if the social and educational potential of the structural components of career guidance is actively implemented (see diagram K* 4), psychological and pedagogical methods of collecting and analyzing empirical data on both military professions and and about the people who will have to master them.
1.Improving military professional education. It involves imparting to young people knowledge about military professions and military duties, on the basis of which (knowledge) a positive motivation for military service, various types of military activities, stable professional interests and desires for conscientious military work and a conscious choice of a military profession are formed.
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Municipal entity Yamalsky district
Municipal state educational institution
"Salemal boarding school named after Volodya Soldatov"
Materials on
All-Russian competition
professional excellence
among managers and participants
military sports clubs (associations)
search teams (associations)
public organizations
military-patriotic orientation,
operating in the territory
Russian Federation
"DO AS I DO"
Nomination: “Best leader of a military-patriotic club (association)
teacher-organizer of life safety
Asulkhanov Yuri Mikhailovich
With. Salemal,
2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ChapterI.Brief biographical information.
ChapterII. My professional credo.
ChapterIII. Dactivities to improve the military-patriotic education of youth
ChapterIV. Participation of club students in the implementation of regional and municipal programs for the development of patriotic education
CHAPTER I .
Brief biographical information .
Physical education teacher3
Experience: general teaching
21 years old
4
Experience: in this institution
3 years
5
Position held
Life safety teacher-organizer, additional education teacher.
CHAPTER II .
My professional credo
“A bad student is one who does not want to surpass his teacher.”Leonardo Da Vinci
My experience as a life safety teacher confirms that in the current education system, perhaps, there is no subject as complex and not yet fully mastered as the life safety course. Life proves that in the future, after graduating from school, knowledge of some subjects may not be useful, but everyone applies the knowledge gained in life safety lessons in practice.
At this stage of work, I consider it necessary to focus on enhancing extracurricular activities. “The easier it is for a teacher to teach, the more difficult it is for students to learn. The more difficult it is for the teacher, the easier it is for the student. The more the teacher learns himself, thinks about each lesson and compares it with the student’s strengths, the more he follows the student’s train of thought, the more he invites questions and answers, the easier it will be for the student to learn,” stated L.N. Tolstoy. It is difficult to disagree with the opinion of the classic: in a modern school, the quality of teaching a life safety course depends not only on the professional training of the teacher, but also on the ability to organize extracurricular activities for students and the ability to establish social partnerships
The end result of my activities does not boil down to getting a high score on the Unified State Exam. My task is to release a child into life with a certain amount of knowledge: how to behave in a particular emergency situation, how to survive and help others. After all, any person at some point may find himself in such a situation, and then not only his own well-being, but the life and health of loved ones may depend on competent actions. Thus, going beyond the curriculum, I pay great attention to increasing the practical orientation of education - one of the areas of my activity.
When planning my teaching activities, I try to adhere to the following principles:
That is why I strive to develop the potential capabilities of my students as much as possible, to instill in them a sustainable interest in military sports. I am systematically engaged in improving my professional level: in order to enrich my teaching experience and improve teaching skills, I study methodological literature on the subject, periodicals, popular science literature, regulations and recommendations of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation; I plan and forecast my teaching activities; On the basis of this type, the selection of means, forms and methods of teaching, allowing to achieve improved quality.
In conclusion, I note: in order to look into the future, you need to look at yesterday and today, and this will be a reason for reflection, because the health and safety of a person is one of the prerequisites for happiness and a full life. However, we often do not always think about what our life represents for ourselves and our loved ones. But we have only one. And living it is not a field to cross. That is why it is necessary to learn the basics of life safety and to take seriously everything that is offered by the program of educational and extracurricular activities in this subject. Pay great attention to the training of pre-conscripts and the military-patriotic education of schoolchildren.
The purpose of its activities in pre-conscription training of schoolchildren is to provide conditions for preparing students to serve the Fatherland in the military field, and defines its tasks as follows:
to instill in schoolchildren a sense of patriotism and readiness to defend the Fatherland;
to form and develop in students a sense of loyalty to constitutional and military duty;
cultivate a love for military service;
to form and develop in students a conscious desire to obtain primary knowledge and skills of military affairs necessary for military service, for choosing a profession and further training in military professional educational organizations;
to form and develop discipline in schoolchildren, a conscientious attitude to study, and responsibility for the assigned work;
develop in students high moral, psychological, business and organizational qualities, physical endurance and resilience.
The method of achieving the above-mentioned objectives and goals is defined by the teaching staff as improving the system of patriotic education and pre-conscription training of students.
Chapter III
Activities to improve military-patriotic education of youth
Work in this direction is carried out on the basisaction planon patriotic education of students within the frameworkimplementation of the comprehensive program “Patriotic education of citizens and pre-conscription training of youth in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug for 2015-2018” (order of the school director dated November 26, 2015 No. 161). During the academic year, the following activities are carried out in the system:
lessons, information hours dedicated to the memorable dates of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in 2015 (70 years since the establishment of the medal“Golden Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union” (1940),65 years since the beginning of the Nuremberg trials over the leadership of Nazi Germany, etc.);
information and propaganda events related to memorable events in the military history of the Fatherland (information blocks in history and social studies lessons dedicated to the memorable date in the military history of Russia, radio lines, poster information, etc.);
events to teach citizens basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service (social and patriotic event “Draft Day”, competitions in military-applied sports (physical training, shooting, hiking and mountaineering techniques), military field training );
traditional months, decades (civil defense month, child safety month in the Yamal region municipal system, military-mass and sports work month);
measures to implement the Resolution of the Administration of the Municipal Formation Yamalsky District dated June 28, 2015 No. 929 “On approval of the municipal program “Comprehensive measures to counter extremism, harmonize interethnic and intercultural relations, prevent manifestations of xenophobia, strengthening tolerance in the territory of the municipal formation Yamalsky District”;
competitive events(competition for the award of special prizes named after P.E. Saltykov, L.V. Laptsui, S.I. Irikov for the best coverage in native languages in printed publications of the topic of preservation and development of the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples of the North; competition for the best methodological development"Ethnocalendar);
training camps for applied military sports “Frontiers” (training, preparing a team to participate in a regional event).
According to the results of a survey conducted annually among students, the most striking and memorable were “Conscript Day”, military field training, the district patriotic project “Victory Banner”, the district championship in sports tourism on walking distances “2nd grade”, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of Yamal district.
Main activities
The club is military-patriotic.
The age of the participants is from 11 to 18 years. The quantitative composition of the association has grown by 21 people over four years. (from 25 people in 2013-2014 to 46 people in the 2016-2017 academic year). This indicator indicates the students’ interest in classes in the association, desire to acquire and improve the skills necessary for service in the armed forces of the Russian Federation.
Local acts have been developed and approved (Club Charter, program, symbols, etc.). Gediev Azamat, who represents the interests of the Nakhimovites in the Admiralty (student government scheme ).
Educational level
organizations
Secondary team level
Monitoring
employment of students in a military-patriotic association over the past three years (2013-2016)
Number of students(persons)
2013-2014
2014-2015
2015-2016
2016-2017
Chapter IV
Participation
club pupils in the implementation of regional and municipal programs for the development of patriotic education
List of events
Event plan for the implementation of the state program “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2012-2015” in the education system of the Yamal region
Name of the project, event
2013-2014
XVIIdistrict military sports game "Commander", dedicated to the 69th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (3rd team place in the form of "Athletic all-around")
2013-2014
Implementation of the project “We are faithful to this memory” (conclusion of agreements, organization and participation in actions, competitions of a patriotic nature “My small Motherland", etc.) together with the Administration of the Moscow Region. Salemal, house of culture with. Salemal
2013-2014
Completion of initial military training at the district defense and sports recreation camp for youth “Patriot of Yamal” on the basis of the Kurgan Border Institute of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (certificate - Gediev A., Club commander)
2013-2014
District interactive intellectual game“Study the law, test yourself” (participant diploma)
2013-2014
District patriotic action “Our fellow countrymen served” (Letter of gratitude to the school for active participation in the action and contribution to the spiritual, moral and heroic-patriotic education of the younger generation)
2013-2014
Events within the framework of the district defense and sports recreation camp for youth “Patriot of Yamal” on the basis of the Kurgan Border Institute of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (2nd degree diploma - Gediev A., Club commander, for active participation in push-up competitions; Certificate - Gediev A. ., Club commander, for active participation in camp events)
2013-2014
Events during Conscript Day:
competitive program “I serveYamal, I serve Russia" ( 10-11 class,conscripts);
Tocool watch “There is such a profession as defending the Motherland”(9-11 grades);
competitions in military applied sports (grades 5-11), etc.
2013-2014
Open lesson for Club students as part of the district methodological day
2013-2014
Volleyball competitions countedXVStudent Spartakiads educational institutions districts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (3rd place - Olga Fleenko, Maria Saibysheva, Olga Stavrova)
2013-2014
2013-2014
XVIIdistrict military sports game “Commandarm”, 2014 (1st place in the individual competition in flexion and extension of the arms in a prone position - Lamdo Victor)
2013-2014
XVIIdistrict military sports game “Commandarm”, 2014 (1st place in the individual competition in flexion and extension of the arms in a prone position - Alena Mazykina)
2013-2014
XVIIdistrict military sports game “Commandarm”, 2014 (3rd place team in physical training)
2013-2014
2013-2014
(participation)
2014-2015
Regional competition for the selection of candidates for the award of the Head of the Municipal Formation Yamal District Award (nomination “Amateur Sports”, winner – Senkov I.)
2014-2015
Championship in military-applied sports “Frontiers”, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (1 team place)
2014-2015
Championship in military-applied sports “Frontiers”, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (1st place in the team - Gediev A.)
2014-2015
Regional stage of the All-Russian competition of educational organizations implementing student self-government (participant)
2014-2015
Patriotic action "Soldier's Shawl" (participation)
2014-2015
All-Russian event “St. George’s Ribbon” (participation)
2014-2015
All-Russian action “Immortal Regiment”(participation)
2014-2015
Regional military sports game “Commandarm-2015” (1 team place)
2014-2015
All-Russian patriotic action “Sentry at the Victory Banner”
2014-2015
XIInternational literary and artistic competition “Grenadiers, forward!” “Russian land is the land of heroes” (Kondygin A. - winner)
2015-2016
Events during Conscript Day
2015-2016
Championship of the municipal formation of the Yamal region in sports tourism at walking distances “2nd grade”, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the Yamal region (Salemal schoolchildren became winners at the distances “distance-pedestrian-group”, “distance-pedestrian-personal”, completed the third category in sports tourism)
2015-2016
Regional stage of the All-Russian competition of educational organizations implementing student self-government (winner)
2015-2016
The head of the Club has developed projects and won grants:
- within the framework of subprogram 4 “Comprehensive measures to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking” of the state program of the Autonomous Okrug “Development of tourism, increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of youth policy, organizing recreation and recreation for children and youth for 2014-2020” the following received grant support:
Project "Walking Tourism"implementation period: 1-3 quarters of 2015 – 100,000 rubles;
- project “Sharp Shooter”, implementation period: 1-3 quarters of 2016 – 100,000 rubles.
2015-2016
Championship in military applied sports “Frontiers”, dedicated to the 71st anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (3rd team place)
2015-2016
Regional military sports game “Commandarm-2016” (1 team place),competition in military applied sports "Patriot - 16"(1 team place)
2015-2016
Festive events dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the birth of Volodya Soldatov
2015-2016
Social-patriotic event “Memory is Alive”, dedicated to the popularization of the personality and heroic deed of Volodya Soldatov (presentation of the film “Haerako”, visit to the Hero’s burial site, installation of a fence, memorial plaque, laying of wreaths) together with employees of the branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Yamal"
2015-2016
district volleyball competitions among girls to qualify for the schoolchildren's Spartakiad (2nd place - team of 6 people)
2015-2016
Patriotic action "Soldier's Shawl" (participation)
2015-2016
All-Russian event “St. George’s Ribbon” (participation)
2015-2016
All-Russian action “Immortal Regiment”(participation)
2015-2016
Participation in the preparation of the video “Salemal gives an example to student government” for broadcast by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company “Yamal”
2016-2017
(victory)
2016-2017
The second championship of the Yamal district municipality in sports tourism at walking distances “2nd class”. (victory)
2016-2017
“2016 in events and faces.” Victory in the “Man of the Year” nomination.
Event plan for the implementation of the state program “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2016-2020” in the education system of the Yamal region
Action plan for the development program of the educational component in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug for 2013-2020.
Analytical and statistical data indicate that the Club’s students annually take an active part in patriotic events at various levels and take prizes.
List of activities aimed at increasing the level of professional competencies of teachers involved in pre-conscription training of youth
The boarding school carries out systematic work to improve the qualifications of specialists involved in pre-conscription training of youth:
participation in course events on the basis of the State Autonomous Educational Institution of Further Professional Education of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug "Regional Institute for Educational Development" on topics« Priority areas of work to strengthen and preserve health through physical culture", “Improving the teaching of life safety in a modern school”, 2014;
holding demonstration performances, oindoor classespupils of the Club within the framework of regional methodological days,excursion program for participantsXIICollegium of the Deputy Governor of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Yamal District and other events;
self-education;
Replication of work experience through a personal website (), the official website of the Department of Education of the Administration of the Municipal Formation of the Yamal District, the Salemal boarding school, the regional socio-political newspaper “Yamal Time”.
Open lesson during the excursion program for participants
XII
Collegium of the Deputy Governor of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Yamal District
Personal merits
In December 2016, victory in the regional competition
“2016 in events and persons” In the “Man of the Year” nomination.
District patriotic project “Victory Banner”
In the period from February 22 to February 23, 2015, boarding school students took part in the district patriotic project “Victory Banner”, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
The district project “Victory Banner”, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, is aimed at instilling patriotism, historical education and preserving the memory of glorious exploits during the Great Patriotic War.
On February 22, 2015, a solemn reception of the Victory Banner took place, historical reference about the state relic of Russia, the official symbol of the Victory of the Soviet people and their armed forces over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War - the Victory Banner.
For high school students on this day, lectures, interactive classes and exhibitions were held: “The Path to Victory in the Unity of the Front and Rear”, “Weapons of Victory”, “Wings of Victory”, “Feat”, the intellectual game “What? Where? When?". With the help of the organizer-guide, participants were able to learn interesting historical facts, consolidate and systematize existing knowledge about the heroic past of the country.
On February 23, in order to foster patriotism, historical education and preserve the memory of glorious exploits during the Great Patriotic War, the propaganda team held an action to make a copy of the Victory Banner.
15 young Nakhimov residents, members of the children's self-government "Sea Flotilla" took an active part in the production of the Victory Banner.
The program of events included awards ceremonies and photographing of participants and honored guests of the Action against the backdrop of the Victory Banner.
A copy of the Victory Banner is placed in the school museum room.
Teacher-organizer of life safety Asulkhanov Yu.M. A memorial watch was organized. Honor guard of school students in grades 3-11. During recess, the guys stand watch at the Victory Banner. During the Action, photography was organized and all participants in the Guard of Honor were given photographs in memory of this event.
Also, as part of the patriotic project, there was a viewing and discussion of patriotic videos “From the Dnieper to the Oder”, “ Kursk Bulge”, “Stalingrad”, “Battle of Berlin”, “Leningrad in the struggle”, Lessons of Courage “We do not need war”, “We honor the great Victory Day”, “And the saved world remembers, Lessons of Memory dedicated to the hoisting of the “Victory Banner”.
On May 9, the banner group with the Victory Banner led the solemn procession of the boarding school column at the parade
Young rescuer
From September 17 to 20, 2014, a 4-day educational and sports training camp was held at the Salemal boarding school.
Sixteen boys and girls from the school naval club took part in this event. The program was rich and interesting.
On the first day, the guys had to overcome obstacles on rough terrain with the help of special tourist equipment, perform ascent, traverse and descend on a slope in a sports way, cross parallel railings, and also undergo theoretical classes and at the same time “not lose” a single fighter.
The conditions for the Training Camp are as close to real as possible. The participants received not only theoretical training, but also applied the acquired knowledge in practical classes: with the help of special tourist equipment, they overcame obstacles in rough terrain and learned to navigate, provide first aid and transport the victim through various obstacles, shoot and protect themselves and their comrades from various type of weapon.
These days we couldn’t do without drill and physical training.
Staying in the camp around the clock, according to the organizers, helped the children not only consolidate theoretical knowledge in practice, but also unite the children's team, cultivate personal qualities such as responsibility, discipline, loyalty to constitutional and military duty in peacetime and wartime conditions
Championship of the municipal formation of the Yamal region in sports tourism on walking distances “2nd class”, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the Yamal region
In connection with the celebration of the 85th anniversary of the Yamal region, in order to promote a healthy lifestyle, attract students to regular physical education and sports, popularize sports competitions and identify the strongest teams, on September 20, 2015 on the basis of the MKOU Salemal Boarding School named after Volodya Soldatov » the championship of the Yamal district municipality in sports tourism on walking distances “2nd class” was held, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the Yamal region.
To organize judging and provide methodological assistance, Ustyugov N.E., chairman of the regional public organization “Federation of Sports Tourism of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug” and Ivanova T.V., chairman of the city Federation of Sports Tourism and Rock Climbing in Salekhard, a judge for sports tourism, were invited.
Delegations from the villages of Yar-Sale, Panaevsk, Salemal responded to take part in sports tourism competitions on walking distances. 8 teams were formed, the total number of participants was 32 people. The competitions were held at two distances: “distance-pedestrian-group”, “distance-pedestrian-personal”.
Team formation took place to the solemn music “Heroes of Sports”. M.S. Khachatryan, deputy, spoke with parting words. Heads I.A., director of the Salemal boarding school, Durynin S.E., chairman of the school’s Board of Trustees.
The team captains, with a great sense of pride for the Fatherland, raised the state flags of Russia, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Yamal region to the sounds of the Russian anthem, thereby giving a start to the regional competitions.
Participants and spectators received a boost of energy and good mood to the sounds of the song “Olympic Flame” and the dance flash mob “It’s Great to Be Sporty!” Ahead of the participants were eight stages: “ascent-traverse-descent”, “mounted crossing”, “crossing along parallel railings” and others, and at each stage there were strict judges carefully monitoring the progress of the competition. Teachers and students from schools were also involved in judging at the stages. A total of 20 judges were involved. At the end of the competition, they all received standard documents on the organization of judging at the stages, which in the future, under the cumulative system (participation in three or more competitions at the regional level), will allow them to acquire judicial qualifications (SS 3K).
Despite the weather conditions and difficult tasks at the stages, all teams showed perseverance, perseverance in achieving their goals, and faith in victory.
There is no doubt that in all competitions there are winners and those who are at least a fraction of a second behind the favorites. The winners and runners-up were announced to thunderous applause from the audience. Thus, the team “Salemal-4” (Kondygin Valery, Ezangi Fedor, Mazyrkina Alena, Kuibin Miron) won the group competitions. The winner (2nd place) was the team “Salemal - 3” (Vylko Mikhail, Vylko Maxim, Ezangi Snezhana, GedievAzamat). The third prize was awarded to the Salemal-1 team, which included Anatoly Khanovin, Afanasy Klimov, Ignat Vylko and Victoria Kuibina.
In personal distances, the hosts of the competition also became winners and prize-winners: among girls - Alena Mazyrkina (1st place), Victoria Kuibina (2nd place), Ezangi Snezhana (3rd place); among boys – Kuibin Miron (1st place), Ezangi Fedor (2nd place), Kondygin Valery (3rd place).
It is gratifying to note that the winners completed the third category in sports tourism and the petition for assigning this category to the children was sent by the chief judges of the competition to the Department for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports of the Administration of the Municipal Formation of the Yamal District.
The teams of SelYar-Sale and Panaevsk were awarded with Diplomas of participants.
The event ended with a festive disco, because young people can not only overcome difficult walking distances, but also have fun on the dance floor.
The organizers of the event hope that hiking tourism will become widespread in the Yamal region and are ready for a new meeting of competition participants on the hospitable land of Salemal.
The teams took the first three places. The winners were awarded
III adult category in sports tourism
New records for Salemal schoolchildren
In September 2106, on the basis of our school, the second championship of the Yamal district municipality in sports tourism on walking distances “2nd grade” was held. Five teams from the Salemal school-inte competed in a fair fight for first place
rnata and three teams from the Yamal boarding school. The participants noted that this year the track has become more difficult and interesting, and the judges, in turn, were pleased with the good preparation of the guys. It is worth noting that thirteen participants fulfilled the standards of the third adult category and two participants fulfilled the standards of the second youth category.
At the closing ceremony, the hall froze in anticipation of the results of the competition. In the individual championship among boys, a student of the Yamal school, Ezyngi Vyacheslav, won, an honorable second place
about Klimov Afanasy (team “Salemal three”), third in the individual competition – Kuibin Miron (team “Salemal two”). The girls were not at all behind the boys, Alena Mazyrkina (Team “Salemal One”) took first place in the individual competition, Yamal School student Alexandra Lozyamova took second place, and Mazyrkina Snezhana (Team “Salemal Two”) took third place.
First place in the group competition was taken by the Salemal One team (Valery Kondygin, Fedor Ezangi, Anatoly Khanovin, Alena Mazyrkina). Second and third also went to the hosts of the competition, the teams “Salemal two” (Kondygin Anton, Vylko Maxim, Kuibin Miron, Mazyrkina Snezhana) and “Salemal three” (Gediev Azamat, Klimov Afanasy, Lar Oleg, Kuibina Diana).
Cups were handed over, parting words were said, photographs were taken as souvenirs. We say “Goodbye!” to the competition, see you in a year on the new track and set new records!
Regional open intramural and correspondence competitions air rifle shooting dedicated to
Day of formation of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Yamal region
For the purpose of implementationsubprogram 4 “Comprehensive measures to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking” of the state program of the Autonomous Okrug “Development of tourism, increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of youth policy, organizing recreation and recreation for children and youth for 2014-2020”(project “Sharp Shooter”), on the basis of the Salemal boarding school, from December 10 to 14, 2016, regional open intramural competitions in air rifle shooting were held, dedicated to the Day of Education of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Yamal region.
39 boys and girls from educational organizations of the Yamal region took part in the competition.
Pupils of the Yamal Center for Extracurricular Activities showed a high degree of activity and interest.
To organize judging for the competition, social partners were invited - representatives of the Salemal Cossack community of the Ob-Polar Cossack line of the Union of Cossacks of Russia, employees of the State Institution PS Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug for the protection of the village of Salemal.
Based on the final protocol No. 1 dated December 14, 2016, the places were distributed as follows:
among boys:
1st place – Dmitry Kabirov (Yamal Center for Extracurricular Activities).
2nd place – Salender Maxim (Yamal Center for Extracurricular Activities).
3rd place – Dmitry Abramov (Yamal Center for Extracurricular Activities).
among girls:
1st place – Kuibina Nella (Salemal boarding school).
2nd place – Alena Mazyrkina (Salemal boarding school).
3rd place – Alexandra Lozyamova (Yamal Center for Extracurricular Activities).
The organizers wish the guys not to rest on their laurels, to firmly move towards their intended goal, as well as new victories in sports arenas!
District Defense Sports
health camp "Patriot Yamal"
results
"Frontiers" - 2015
results
Championships in military applied sports
"Frontiers" - 2016
Winners of the ski relay competition:
I- team of the Novoportovsk boarding school;
II
III
Winners of volleyball competitions (boys):
I
II- Myskamen boarding school team;
III- team of the Panaev boarding school.
Volleyball competition winners (girls):
I - Salemal boarding school team;
II- team of MBOU "Yamal SHI";
III
Winners of basketball competitions (boys):
I–team of MBOU “Yamal SHI”;
II- team of MBOU "Seyakhinskaya SHI";
III- team of the Panaev boarding school.
Winners of basketball competitions (girls):
I- team of MBOU "Yamal SHI";
II - Salemal boarding school team;
III– team of the Novoportovsk boarding school.
Winners of the air rifle shooting competition:
I– team of the Novoportovsk boarding school;
II – Salemal boarding school team
III– Myskamen boarding school team
Certificates, diplomas, letters of gratitude
Organization of work with teenagers who are registered with the Children's Children's School and ZP, students of the “risk group”
The Club members include various categories of students, including children from families in a socially dangerous situation, children registered in the PDN and ZP.
Work with this category of children is carried out sequentially and consists of several main stages.
1st stage. Preparation - preliminary familiarization with all available information about the family,child. Clarification of information about the parents, their social status, and other immediate relatives of the minor;
2nd stage. Establishing contact and building trust withchild and, if possible, with parents; interaction with the class teacher, teachers;
3rd stage. Selection of forms and methods of work and ways of their implementation (inclusion of the child in the activities of the Club, determination of the range of personal responsibilities, involvement in participation in social activities, military sports games);
4th stage. Work according to the program, monitoring the child’s personal development.
5th stage.Tracking the further life and professional path of students.
Organizing systematic work with this category of students allows us to obtain the following positive results:
organize proper leisure time for the children, distract them from negative influence streets, motivate to lead a healthy lifestyle;
involve in participation in events at various levels;
increase the self-esteem of schoolchildren, attract them to socially significant activities.
Appendix 4
Activities to organize the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, physical education and sports, incl. to popularize physical culture among the population, mass species sports, tourism
1.sports competitions “When we are united, we are invincible!”,2.military sports game “Ready for labor and defense!”,
3.military sports game “Commander. Patriot",
4. military sports game “Zarnitsa”,
5. municipal stage of the All-Russian competition “Presidential Competition”,
6. school conference “The world is around you”,
7. school camp “Young Rescuer”,
8. school sports camp “Olympus”,
9. Health Day (spring, autumn),
10. sports festival “Ready for work and defense!”,
11. polyathlon competitions,
12. extracurricular activity “Believe in yourself”,
13. extracurricular event “Our Valiant Forces”,
14. Northern all-around competitions dedicated to the holiday “Reindeer Herder’s Day”,
15. competition “The most athletic class” (based on the results of the school championship in mini-football, basketball, volleyball (pioneerball), table tennis, cross-country skiing, national sports),
16. sports festival “Great Races”,
17.sports and recreation “Yamal chooses sports”
Sports traditions of the general education organization
1.sports festival:
- “Small Olympic Games”,
- "Fun Starts"
- family sports Saturday “Dad, Mom, I am a sports family”,
2.athletics cross-country, dedicated to the All-Russian running day “Cross of the Nation”,
3. participation in the all-Russian campaign “I choose sports as an alternative to addictions”,
4. regional volleyball tournament at the school, dedicated to the memory of physical education teacher V.M. Popov "V.M. Cup" Popova",
5. Northern all-around competitions dedicated to the “Reindeer Herder’s Day” holiday,
6. athletics relay dedicated to Victory Day,
7. school championship in mini-football, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, cross-country skiing, kettlebell lifting, arm wrestling, checkers, chess, national sports, powerlifting - counting towards the school Spartakiad,
8. week of physical culture and sports,
9. military sports game “Zarnitsa”,
10. organization and participation in sports tournaments of work teams (team of high school students and team of school employees),
11. Olympic lessons
Other forms of organizing extracurricular physical education, sports and recreational activities
School-wide morning exercises for students and teachers,
- “Health Day” (spring, autumn),
Sports festival,
Competitions in sports games with the participation of teams from village organizations,
Training fees,
Competitions for schoolchildren's sports days,
Ski marathon,
Cross,
School camp “Young Rescuer” (September)
Championship of the Yamal region in hiking tourism (September),
School sports camp "Olympus" (October),
Information hour,
Dynamic pause,
Quizzes,
Stock,
Competitions of compositions, essays, multimedia presentations,
Conference and others
Interdepartmental approach
in resolving issues related to pre-conscription training of youth
The Salemal boarding school carries out interdepartmental interaction with the Department for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports of the Administration of the Municipal Formation of the Yamal District (Yar-Sale Village), the Children's Sports School "Leader" (Yar-Sale Village), the regional public organization "Federation of Sports Tourism of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug", City Federation of Sports Tourism and Rock Climbing (Salekhard),OPS Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Yamal region, Department of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Yamal region, reserve soldiers, school graduates who served in the armed forces of the Russian Federation,primary public organization s. Salemal veterans (pensioners) of labor, war and combat operations of the Armed Forces and law enforcement agencies of the municipal formation Yamal district,Salemal Cossack community of the Ob-Polar Cossack line of the Union of Cossacks of Russia, MBUZ "Salemal District Hospital", CDC "Northern Lights", other interested parties.Contracts and cooperation agreements have been concluded: Cooperation Agreement with GAPOU TO “Tobolsk Medical College named after. Volodya Soldatova”, Cooperation Agreement “OPS Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug for the Yamal District” - branch of the State Institution PS Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug for the protection of the village. Salemal, Cooperation Agreement with the MBU "Cultural and Leisure Center" Northern Lights", Cooperation Agreement with the MBDOU " gold fish", Cooperation Agreement with the State Budgetary Institution "Yar-Sala Central Hospital", Cooperation Agreement with the MBOU DO "TsVR", a plan for joint work with the Department of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Yamal region.
Employees of these organizations take an active part in events organized by the boarding school (table 5 )
Replication of work experience naval club
“Young Nakhimovets” through the media
State TV and Radio Broadcasting Company "Yamal":
broadcast of the film “Salemal gives an example of student government”
Regional socio-political newspaper “Vremya Yamala”:
publication “When we are united, we are invincible,” issue No. 48, November 28, 2014;
publication “Revival of Zarnitsa”, issue No. 12 dated March 27, 2015,
publication “Pedestrian Tourism Championship”, issue No. 38 dated September 25, 2015;
publication “Volodya Soldatov is 85 years old,” issue No. 47, November 27, 2015;
publication “Holiday of Courage, Valor and Honor”, issue No. 9 dated 03/04/2016;
publication “Haerako” with us”, issue No. 16, April 22, 2016;
Official website of the educational organization :
- Yamal chooses sports;
- Sports tourism at walking distances;
- The guys from the Salemal school became the absolute winners of the championship in military applied sports Borders;
- We are faithful to this memory;
- The school continues events within the framework of the month of military-mass and sports work;
- New records for Salemal schoolchildren.
Problematic issues arising when organizing workClubs and ways to solve themProject development“Yamal’ yana” sarpyavna” (“Yamal paths”) and the direction
applications for participation in the competitive selection for the distribution of district budget funds transferred to the budgets of municipalities of the Autonomous Okrug in the form of inter-budgetary subsidies for the implementation of activities of Subprogram 4 “Comprehensive measures to combat drug abuse and their illicit trafficking” of the state program of the Autonomous Okrug “Development of tourism, increasing the efficiency of implementation youth policy, organization of recreation and health improvement for children and youth for 2014-2020" in 2017
Single intramural competitions in various sports between students from other schools in the region
Attracting additional funding (sponsorship, grants) for organizing competitions at various levels
Insufficient parental activity
Public incentives at school-wide events (certificates, letters of gratitude)
Offers to improve work aimed at military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of youth;
- visits of qualified specialists - employees of district military registration and enlistment offices to municipalities to conduct educational work with pre-conscription youth;
-creation of a regional bank of best practices for organizing military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of youth.
The army begins with the draft board. Photo by Reuters
Over the entire period of the existence of military commissariats, almost the entire male population and part of the female population of our country were, to one degree or another, necessarily associated with them.
CONNECTION OF THE ARMY WITH THE PEOPLE
In terms of the scope and specificity of the tasks performed, military commissariats are a unique local military command and control body not only in Russia, but also in the world. It is through them that the invisible threads connecting the army with the people pass; the army of today begins with them and the army of the future is born. For many Russians, military commissariats are a symbol, a living history of the fact that the power of the army comes from the efforts of the entire people.
The Military Commissariat is a territorial body of the Ministry of Defense in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which is the main source of military records of human resources intended for manning the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations, bodies and special forces of Russia in peacetime and in wartime.
Decades fly by, the state changes, but the solution of tasks to ensure the security of our country by military commissariats remains practically unchanged. At the same time, the rapidly changing political situation in the world today dictates the introduction of new priority areas, which can make adjustments to all spheres of life of these unique structures.
For many years, military registration and enlistment offices, in cooperation with local executive authorities, have been developing plans for the mobilization of human and transport resources for wartime, organizing military registration, conscription of citizens for military service, reservation of workers and employees at enterprises in the interests of the Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies.
THE MAIN THING IS WORKING WITH CONTRACTS
From the origins of the creation of military commissariats, it was believed that military mobilization activity is a phenomenon of grand strategy, on which the fate of the state depends. And the clarity and coherence of the work of these structures directly determines the number of military-trained reserves, the possibility of replenishing the Armed Forces during the war and the formation of new formations and units.
In the near future, the military commissariats will launch a mechanism for citizens to remain in the mobilization manpower reserve. (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 933 “Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens in the mobilization manpower reserve.”) This is a completely new structure for our state for the voluntary entry of reservists into the reserve army, which will significantly increase the volume of work of the military registration and enlistment office with military formations and units to staff them with the specified contingent.
A huge amount of work is carried out today by military registration and enlistment offices to register citizens who took part in military operations to defend the Fatherland in zones of armed conflicts, as well as persons who participated in the liquidation of the consequences of accidents and natural Disasters. A record is kept of military personnel who have lost their ability to work during conscription, and relevant documents are drawn up to help them resolve social and domestic issues. Documents are being prepared, and the presentation of awards to reserve servicemen and front-line soldiers is being organized. Employees of the military registration and enlistment office participate in perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland and tidy up military burial sites. They provide pensions to citizens discharged from military service and members of their families, family members of fallen (deceased) military personnel, assign pensions and benefits to these persons, provide compensation and make other payments provided for by current legislation.
Certification of citizens in the reserve is constantly carried out in order to assign them the first and next military rank of officer.
Despite the establishment of contract recruitment points, the main work on providing troops with this category of military personnel in practice continues to be carried out by military registration and enlistment offices.
However, a special place in their work today is occupied by the organization and conduct of conscription of citizens for military service. It is here that cooperation with all bodies, institutions and public organizations that are involved in this work to one degree or another is especially fruitful. It is here that instilling in young people a sense of justice, their strict adherence to current legislation on defense issues, as well as constant work to increase the prestige of military service among them are priority areas of work for military registration and enlistment offices. It is here that the young man really learns the basics of legal education - his rights and responsibilities to the state.
Thanks to the steps taken in recent years to improve the pre-conscription training of young men for military service, military registration and enlistment offices have ensured guaranteed, high-quality recruitment of the Armed Forces and other troops with physically, morally and psychologically prepared recruits with positive motivation for military service.
The Military Commissariat is one of the coordinators of preparing young people for military service in the country at the regional and subject levels. It is he, together with local local authorities, who carries out targeted work to form loyalty to the Motherland and readiness to defend it among pre-conscription and conscript youth. Takes an active part in popularizing a healthy lifestyle and sports events.
PATRIOTS ARE NOT BORN
Patriotic education of the younger generation is a long-term program, and true patriotism is impossible without a certain ideology and constant information support. The state needs to invest money in it, since this is one of the main tasks of any country that wants to raise a new generation capable of fulfilling and defending all the leading directions of its development in the future.
It is today, in the conditions of information warfare and propaganda attacks by our “liberal well-wishers” on negative coverage of patriotic and military-patriotic topics in relation to the younger generation in our country, that there is a need to adopt new forms of competition against them.
After all, the maintenance and spread of negativity on these issues continues through the actions of a number of human rights organizations and public associations, as well as some radio and television channels. Various Internet sites publish peculiar information cocktails consisting of distorted and unverified facts, as well as outright lies on issues of military development of the state.
That is why, in order to cover (bring) military and military-patriotic topics to the majority of Russian youth, in my opinion, it is necessary to take urgent measures to attract Internet resources for the systematic work of military registration and enlistment offices in the constantly changing information field.
First of all, we mean the widespread use of social networks in working with young people, which today are an integral part of their lives. Nowadays it is easier and more convenient to convey information to them via the Internet, rather than by telephone or through parents. Print media today are not very popular among them, since young men read newspapers to a lesser extent and more often use Internet resources to obtain various information. In this space, it is necessary to create an atmosphere of modern information dialogue with young people in order to organize targeted work to counteract the obviously negative and false information on army topics and on the distortion of historical events in the life of our state.
We need to be constantly prepared for mandatory explanations of the real position of the Ministry of Defense on various publications, and regularly post information materials on various sites most visited by young people that help increase the prestige and attractiveness of military service under conscription and contract. And this should have been done yesterday.
On social networks, it is necessary to change the current situation, in which any positive coverage of a military-patriotic topic causes a flurry of negative statements on behalf of coded “truth-lovers.” Such information warfare occurs in almost all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, especially in metropolitan cities. That is why one of the steps to really counteract the emerging negative information may be to organize the systematic work of military commissariats on social networks as a structure that is closest and understandable to the absolute majority of pre-conscription and conscript youth.
A general model for creating such a system in the military commissariats of the constituent entities can be created taking into account the population size in the region of 3-5 people.
This group will need to constantly post photo and video materials on social networks covering the work of the military registration and enlistment office in holding events such as conscript days, five-day training camps for students, the educational process in DOSAAF, the process of sending conscripts to the assembly point and to the troops, as well as the work of various patriotic public associations. Organize thematic discussions on the most significant historical dates countries. In addition, it is possible to publish lists by region of those citizens who have not been called to the military registration and enlistment office for a long time (draft dodgers). Also organize meetings of citizens discharged from military service on social networks so that they can share their impressions of their military service with pre-conscripts. Invite conscripts and their parents to the group. Such measures will significantly expand the circle of contacts of the military registration and enlistment office with the conscript contingent, will allow the formation of the public opinion necessary for the army on the attractiveness of army service, not only by conscription, but also by contract, and will provide significant assistance to young men when they make a decision about enrolling in military schools.
It is the involvement of an Internet resource that today can be used in military registration and enlistment offices with the greatest benefit to create a sustainable positive image of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and such communication will significantly reduce the correspondence of the military registration and enlistment office, reducing the number of complaints and applications.
In addition, the military commissariat will become a real conductor of the ideas of building a modern army among the country's population, especially among young people, bringing to them information from primary sources through social networks.
Chapter I. Historiography and characteristics of the sources of the problem.
§ 1. Historiography of the problem.
§ 2. Characteristics of the research source base.
Chapter II. The formation and development of domestic military museums as cultural and educational institutions in the period from 1918 to 1991.
§ 1. Military museums in the system of education of military personnel.
§ 2. Creation and development of the legal framework for military museums.
§ 3. Activities of state and military authorities to improve the organizational structure of the military museum network.
Chapter III. Cultural and educational work of military museums during the period under study.
§ 1. Activities of military museums in providing excursion services to visitors.
§ 2. Stationary and traveling exhibitions as a form of cultural and educational work of military museums.
§ 3. Organization of public-mass and search work.
Chapter IV. Popularization and publishing work of military museums in the period from 1918 to 1991.
§ 1. The work of military museums to popularize their funds and collections.
§ 2. The role of publishing work of military museums in the cultural service of military personnel.
Introduction of the dissertation 2009, abstract on history, Kuznetsov, Andrey Mikhailovich
Currently, state and military authorities are faced with a serious task - strengthening the moral and psychological state of the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The practice of educational work has developed many directions, forms and methods for solving it, but what stands out is the skillful and professional use of the capabilities of the centuries-old culture of the country, the armed forces, especially its material component. The material component of culture is a set of tangible objects that express the uniqueness and uniqueness of a particular culture that has existed in human history. These can be tools, samples of household utensils, items of clothing, architectural structures and, importantly for a military audience, objects of military activity. Already at the dawn of their history, people began to collect and pass on to their descendants the most significant and valuable objects material culture, which served as the basis for the continuity of traditions of a particular people. To ensure the safety of objects and the possibility of displaying them, special premises began to be created, which later became known as museums. With the development of civilization, museum work improved, acquired new features and began to develop in certain directions. This is how they appeared history museums, specializing in collecting, studying and displaying various objects of the history of a particular state, art museums collecting and promoting art objects, technical museums telling about the development of technology, etc. Museums began to occupy a special place among them, collecting and storing objects of the “material history” of the military practice of mankind.
The history of the creation, formation, development and functioning of domestic military museums testifies to the fact that they carried and carry within themselves a huge educational and cultural potential aimed at developing in the Russian army a sense of love for their Motherland, the armed forces, and devotion to the best military traditions.
Studying the historical experience of the activities of domestic military museums in various stages its development will expand practical opportunities in organizing leisure time for military personnel and will contribute to the education of personnel based on the examples of the heroic past of our Motherland.
One of the most significant periods in the development of domestic military museums was the period from 1918 to 1991. At this stage, the military museum network was practically created anew by government and military authorities, and legal documents were developed that formed the basis for its work.
The activities of military museums during the Soviet period have repeatedly stood the test of time. The events of the Civil War and foreign military intervention, the interwar period, the Great Patriotic War, the post-war period, the period of the 1960s-early 1980s, perestroika showed that the work of preserving, accumulating and using objects of military history in educational and cultural work with by military personnel was quite effective. In this regard, it is of particular interest for military historians to study the experience of functioning of domestic military museums in the Soviet period, activities in cultural services for military personnel and members of their families, which may be in demand in the practice of educational work and socio-cultural activities in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The relevance of the study of this problem is determined by the following circumstances.
Firstly, its insufficient development, the absence of major generalizing scientific works on this topic that reveal the activities of domestic military museums in 1918-1991. and their role in cultural and educational work with military personnel.
Secondly, the study of the activities of military museums during this period meets the requirements of the State Program “Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation for 2006-2010”, orders of the Minister of Defense
RF No. 265 of June 10, 2001 “On military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” and No. 79 of February 28, 2005 “On improving educational work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.”
Order No. 265 of June 10*, 2001, in particular, states: “The use of military-historical knowledge in the education of military personnel is carried out in order to develop their ability to recognize and deeply understand their military duty and personal responsibility for the defense of the Fatherland. It is carried out within the framework of execution job responsibilities the relevant commanders (chiefs) together with the educational authorities of the Armed Forces in the course of studying the military history of the Fatherland in the system of public and state training, as well as carrying out events to promote it through the popularization of the heroic deeds of Russian soldiers, the activities of outstanding commanders and military leaders"1.
Historical objects located in the collections and exhibitions of military museums are the material basis for conducting military historical work and contribute to a more substantive formation of patriotism among Russian soldiers.
Order No. 79 of February 28, 2005 noted that cultural and leisure activities are part of the complex of educational work organized in the RF Armed Forces. One of the forms of cultural and leisure activities is visits by military personnel on weekends and holidays museums.
In addition, the order contains a provision that commanders of all levels must take measures to develop and update the exhibitions of military museums, museum-type structures, and rooms of military glory. For their effective work, appropriate councils must be elected2.
To implement these provisions into practice, it is necessary to closely study the relevant experience of the activities of military command and control bodies, the military museum network, accumulated in the period from 1918 to 1991.
1 See: Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 265 of June 10, 2001 “On military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.” - M., 2001. - P. 3-4.
2 See: Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 79 of February 28, 2005 “On improving educational work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.” - M., 2005. - P. 15-16.
Thirdly, by increasing the role of military museums in the education, education and cultural services of military personnel and members of their families.
Fourthly, the need to improve the activities of state and military administration bodies, educational structures in the field of cultural services for personnel of the Russian Armed Forces based on the experience accumulated by domestic military museums.
Fifthly, increasing public attention to objects of material culture of military activity and life of the domestic armed forces, stored in military museums, and the possibility of their use in the patriotic education of the younger generation.
The relevance and insufficient degree of development of the problem determined the choice of topic, determined the object, subject, scientific problem, chronological framework, purpose and objectives of this dissertation research.
The object of the study is domestic military museums in the period 1918-1991. The author considers it necessary to note that only those institutions that were under the jurisdiction of the military department will be considered as military museums. Museums of other ministries, which stored, among others, objects of military activity and everyday life (culture, internal affairs, state security, etc.), were not included in the object of the study.
The subject of the study is the activities of state and military administration bodies, museum management in the formation and development of a network of military museums, the organization of their cultural and educational work with military personnel during the period under review.
Rationale chronological framework research.
The events of October 1917 marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of national statehood, which was associated with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, who oriented the country towards building the world's first socialist state. For its armed defense, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on January 15 (28), 1918 adopted a decree on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on January 29 (February 11), 1918 - on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) . From now on, military museums Soviet Republic were focused on working with military personnel of the Red Army and the Red Army.
On December 8, 1991, the heads of the republics of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus, in the agreement they signed, announced the termination of the existence of the USSR and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Along with the collapse of the Soviet Union, its Armed Forces and military museum network ceased to exist, the activities of which were primarily aimed at the education and cultural services of military personnel of the Soviet army and navy.
The scientific problem of the dissertation research is to comprehensively explore and summarize the historical experience of the activities of state and military bodies, museum leadership in the formation and development of a network of military museums in the country, the organization of their work on cultural services for military personnel in the period from 1918 to 1991, to identify characteristics and trends, formulate scientific conclusions, historical lessons and practical recommendations.
The purpose of the work is to carry out a systematic and comprehensive study of the activities of state and military authorities, museum management on the creation and development of a network of military museums, the organization of their cultural and educational work with military personnel during the period under review, to draw scientifically based conclusions, to formulate historical lessons, practical recommendations and trends in the development of military museums of the Russian Federation.
To achieve this goal, the dissertation candidate formulated the following main research objectives.
1. Assess the degree of development of the problem and characterize the source base of the research.
2. Determine the role of Soviet military museums in the education of military personnel, taking into account the previous experience of the military museum network of Imperial Russia.
3. Research the activities of state and military authorities to create and improve the legal and organizational foundations of military museums during the period under review.
4. Reveal the work of military museums in providing cultural services to army and navy personnel in the period from 1918 to 1991.
5. Analyze the popularization and publishing work of military museums during the period under study.
6. Draw scientifically based conclusions, formulate historical lessons arising from the activities of domestic military museums in 1918-1991, practical recommendations for further study and use of the results of the dissertation research, development trends of military museums of the Russian Federation.
The dissertation author proposes the following research concept.
The revolutionary events of October 1917 and the creation in January 1918 of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and then the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet, determined the new content of the activities of military museums and served as the starting point of the Soviet stage in the development of military museums.
During the Civil War and foreign military intervention (1917-1920), government and military authorities made efforts to preserve the rich historical and cultural heritage stored in military museums, as well as to create a fundamentally new military museum network, which should was to serve in the education and cultural service of command and rank and file personnel in the spirit of the new ideology.
In the interwar years (1921-June 1941), the foundations for the legal and organizational development of the Soviet military museum network were laid, and the tasks and directions of its development were determined. During this period, the material base of existing military museums was significantly strengthened, and the construction of new ones began. These processes took place under the control of party, state and military authorities.
Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 became a test of the strength of the created Soviet military museum network. The experience of military museums in solving the tasks assigned to them confirmed the correctness of the position that their role in educational and cultural work with soldiers of the army and navy was very significant.
The functioning of military museums in the USSR in the post-war years was closely linked to the need to collect and preserve documents and materials showing the greatness of the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, improving the legal and organizational structure, material technical base, construction of new museums.
With the development of the country, quantitative and qualitative changes in the Soviet Armed Forces, state and military authorities adjusted the tasks of military museums in the field of educating soldiers. The main directions were to instill in personnel high discipline, the desire to master weapons and military equipment, loyalty to the military oath, respect for their history and the heroic traditions of the Armed Forces.
Late 1980s-early 1990s. were marked by turbulent processes that took place in Russian history. During this period, two trends emerged in the development of military museums. On the one hand, the lifting of bans for ideological reasons, openness, and accessibility to previously unknown sources made it possible to expand the exhibition complexes of military history museums and “saturate” them with new museum objects.
On the other hand, the transition to market economic relations and the lack of proper attention from the state led to the fact that many military museums became unprofitable enterprises. The consequence of this was the deteriorating material fund, the departure of qualified employees, the rental of their space to commercial organizations, the transformation of military museums in some cases into warehouses, dormitories, etc.
Military museums of the Soviet period conducted active cultural and educational work among military personnel and members of their families. It was aimed at promoting moral and aesthetic education, establishing glorious military traditions in military groups, raising the cultural level, and participating in the organization of meaningful leisure for military personnel.
The generalized experience of military museums of the Soviet period in the education and cultural services of military personnel can be used in the practice of the modern military museum network.
The structure of the dissertation includes an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources and literature, and appendices.
Conclusion of scientific work dissertation on the topic "Military museums and their role in cultural and educational work with military personnel"
Chapter Conclusions
In the period from 1918 to 1991, domestic military museums carried out popularization and publishing work, which significantly influenced the quality of cultural services to visitors.
Popularization work focused on those people who had insufficient knowledge about a particular museum and its work. Its main goal was to provide primary information about the museum, its objects and collections and to attract as many visitors as possible to the museum halls. The publishing work, in turn, was aimed at a trained audience who sought to obtain additional information about the museum and its activities. Its goal was to systematize, expand and deepen knowledge about various aspects of museum activities, and exchange experience in museum work.
The first provisions concerning the conduct of popularization and publishing work by military museums were reflected in legal documents that regulated the activities of the military museum network in the 1920-1930s.
The work of military museums to popularize their funds and collections in the 1920-1930s. was quite specific and meaningful. A large place in it was devoted to cooperation between museum groups and representatives of the media. This made it possible to expand the possibilities for information support of various areas of museum activity and cultural events.
Starting from the 1950-1960s, military museums began to actively use the possibilities of cinema in their popularization work, which implied, firstly, cooperation with the country’s central film studios in the production of informational and educational products, and, secondly, the creation of these goals of their own film studios.
An important event that influenced the expansion of the geography of the popularization work of military museums was the entry of the USSR into
International Council of Museums (ICOM) in 1957. This made it possible to establish a mutual exchange of experience in this area with their foreign colleagues.
In the second half of the 1980s. changing political4 and socio-economic conditions have made changes in the work of military museums to popularize their objects and collections. This was expressed, on the one hand, in the strengthening of the technical base for its implementation, the acquisition of the right by museum teams to independently choose the forms and methods of popularization work, and, on the other hand, in a reduction in government funding, which led to a decrease in its efficiency indicators.
The publishing work of military museums during the period under review was a set of activities for the production of printed materials, which reflected important issues of museum activity. The direction of its development was the transition from the publication of small-circulation literature of one or two types (guidebooks, catalogues) to the publication of literature in large volumes and many types (catalogues, guidebooks, booklets, brochures, its own periodicals, etc.).
During its organization in the first years after October revolution In 1917, military museums adopted the relevant experience of the military museum network of Imperial Russia.
Despite the fact that the issues of publishing work of military museums were reflected in legal documents that appeared in the 1920-1930s, in practice it developed at an insufficient pace. The reasons for this were the weak material and technical base of military museums, the lack of qualified personnel, and the lack of proper attention to publishing work on the part of museum management.
In the 1940s-1960s. There was an increase in the volume of publishing work of military museums, which was associated with the creation of editorial and publishing groups in their staffs. Their main task was the preparation and production of printed materials corresponding to the profile of the museum and areas of activity. One of the types of printed publications published during this period were guides to military museums, which played a big role in educational and cultural work with military personnel.
In the 1950s the largest Soviet military museums began to prepare and publish their own printed periodicals, which became a platform for discussing the most important issues of museum activity. A significant amount of space on the pages of the publications was devoted to covering various aspects of cultural and educational work with visitors.
In the 1970-1980s. orders of the USSR Ministry of Defense were issued, which adjusted the goals and objectives of publishing work in accordance with the realities of the time. In addition, large military museums issued a number of internal documents that specified the procedure for preparing and publishing printed materials.
Significant changes in the publishing work of military museums occurred in the second half of the 1980s. The weakening of military censorship, the acquisition of high-quality printing equipment and technology, and the expansion of the independence of military museums in the planning and production of printed materials were supposed to bring the publishing work of military museums to a qualitatively new level. However, this was prevented by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its military museum network.
Place and role of military museums and rooms (cabins) military glory in the system of socio-cultural activities of the RF Armed Forces
Today, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are going through a complex process of development and reform. The main goal of the reforms is for the Russian army to become a reliable defender of state integrity and a strong instrument in international politics. This requires restructuring the entire system of the Armed Forces in such a way that each of its institutions and elements meets modern requirements. As a result, new types of weapons are being introduced, old ones are being modernized, new manuals and regulations are being issued, and new specialties in the field of high technology and computer technology are appearing. The requirements for training specialists of all qualifications are becoming more complex and increasing, and the moral and psychological stress on military personnel is increasing.
These processes are reflected in socio-cultural activities. Modern socio-cultural activity represents specific professional work. It permeates such areas as education, professional art, folk art, mass physical culture, social work, rehabilitation and intercultural communication.
Social and cultural activities today are undergoing a serious transformation, changing functionally, meaningfully and organizationally. The current state and prospects for the development of socio-cultural activities are determined by the processes of its further self-determination in new socio-economic conditions, humanization and technologization. This is closely related to the state of affairs in the cultural sphere of modern Russian society.
Currently, the country has created a legislative framework in the field of culture, and there is a functioning system of interaction between subjects of cultural policy: government bodies, local governments, professional creative unions and other public organizations. The Russian Ministry of Culture has developed tools for conducting state cultural policy in the form of Federal targeted programs development and preservation of culture and art.
Russian culture has rich potential and significant infrastructure in the field of museums. There are 2,113 museums in the country; museum collections number more than 55 million items.
“Stagnation is simply intolerable,” said Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, - in such a living, dynamic, multifaceted matter as information, propaganda, artistic creativity and amateur performances, the work of clubs and theaters, libraries and museums - the entire sphere of ideological, political and labor, moral and atheistic education" http:/ /lib.ru/MEMUARY/GORBACHEV/doklad_xxvi.txt_Piece40.07. The Ministry of Culture also made high demands on the activities of museums. The All-Russian Conference emphasized that modern perestroika is impossible without the full activation of the intellectual and spiritual potential of Russian society.
Now, when under the leadership of the State Duma an evolutionary restructuring is being carried out in all spheres, including the spiritual, the enduring importance of the ideological and theoretical heritage on the fundamental issues of democratic education and the use of the advanced culture of the past for these purposes is being confirmed with renewed vigor.
Already in November 1917, immediately after the victory of the October Revolution, V.I. Lenin instructed the People's Commissar of Education: “... make every effort so that the main pillars of our culture do not fall, because the proletariat will not forgive us for this. “...We must take care, first of all, that museums that store enormous values do not fall apart...” Soon after this, in January 1918, the Third Congress of Soviets adopted a resolution on the development of museums in the country. In accordance with Lenin's concept of the cultural revolution, the resolution emphasized the need to turn cultural historical values into museums for public use and make them a source of education.
To this end, in the first year of Soviet power alone, more than twenty decrees and orders were adopted on the preservation of cultural and historical heritage. Despite his incredible busyness, V.I. Lenin showed concern for the creation and development of museums. On May 25, 1919, after the parade, he visited a museum exhibition on Red Square dedicated to the Red Army. On April 6, 1920, Vladimir Ilyich wrote to V.V. Adoratsky in Kazan: “...can you collect materials for the history of the civil war and the history of the Soviet Republic? Is it even possible to collect these materials in Kazan? Can I help?"
As a result of the implementation of Lenin's course, a unified state museum network was created in the country. This contributed to its rapid growth and the emergence of museums of new profiles, primarily historical and revolutionary ones. The main ones were the Central Museum of V.I. Lenin, the Central Museum of the USSR Revolution in Moscow and the State Museum of the Great October Socialist Revolution in Leningrad. And if before the revolution there were only about 150 museums in Russia (excluding military and church-archaeological museums), then in 1974 their number increased to 1230. And currently there are more than 2130 state museums in Russia (together with branches).
Military history museums, like the Red Army, were born of the revolution and served the cause of protecting the gains of victory. Along with liquidation old army, with the disbandment of regiments and military educational institutions, more than 300 museums, which were a means of indoctrinating soldiers in a religious-monarchical spirit, ceased to exist. The museum objects located in them were accepted under acts for state storage. Soviet authority carefully preserved those of the pre-revolutionary museums and memorial monuments that perpetuated the heroic past of the Russian people.
A remarkable feature of the current stage of development of military history museums is that this process is taking place under conditions of reform. It covered all areas of the country’s domestic and foreign policy, military development and the activities of museums themselves, and the further expansion of the museum network.
Until now, the basic composition of cultural and leisure institutions of the Russian Armed Forces has included: 5 central military cultural institutions; 244 district, naval and garrison officers' houses; 119 garrison officers' clubs; 1263 clubs of military units; 6 drama theatres; 17 song and dance ensembles and concert ensembles; 123 museums and museum entities with a large volume of museum collections equal to 3.5 million items. As of January 1, 1988, there were more than 100 military history museums in our country, Forty-four of them are full-time military history museums. These are: 2 central museums, 12 museums of branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces. Each military district, each group of troops and fleet had its own museum.
The largest military history museums in Russia are members of the International Association of Museums of Military History and Weapons, which exists under UNESCO. They maintain especially close ties and exchange of experience with military-historical museums of countries friendly to Russia.
The list of Russian military history museums opens with the Central Order of the Red Star Museum of the Armed Forces (CMVS).
It was created in accordance with the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic on December 23, 1919. Nowadays, the Central Military Commission is, according to the regulations, the leading political, educational, scientific and research institution. Its holdings include more than 700 thousand military-historical monuments, which are widely represented in exhibitions. These are weapons and military equipment, awards for heroes of the front and rear, photographs, documents and other museum items related to military history, with the activities of outstanding commanders M. V. Frunze, G. K. Zhukov, K. K. Rokossovsky, A. M. Vasilevsky, I. S. Konev and many other Soviet military leaders. More than 20 thousand Battle Banners make up the museum collection, which in its significance and uniqueness is the only one not only in Russia, but also in the world. The priceless relics of the museum clearly and convincingly reflect the heroic path and the modern stage of development of the Russian Army and Navy.
The oldest and one of the most popular museums in the country and the largest maritime museums in the world is the Central Order of the Red Star Naval Museum in St. Petersburg, which has existed since 1709. Its exhibition clearly reflects the entire history of our fleet. Numerous relics testify to the heroism, courage and perseverance of sailors during the Great Patriotic War. The museum clearly shows the activities of state authorities to strengthen the defense power of our Motherland, to transform our Navy into a mighty ocean fleet. Among the four branches of this museum is a wonderful ship museum on the immortal historical monument of the early 20th century, the Red Banner cruiser "Aurora".
The richest collection of weapons and equipment, banners, orders and medals, battle paintings, military historical documents is stored in the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps. This museum is also one of the oldest unique, widely known museums in our country. For its great contribution to the military-patriotic education of working people and Russian soldiers, the museum was awarded government awards.
The only aviation museum in the country whose exhibition is based on authentic aircraft: balloons and airplanes, airplanes and helicopters, gliders and other aviation equipment, is the Central Museum of the Air Force in Monino.
A place of honor here is occupied by combat vehicles from the period of the Great Patriotic War, aircraft on which Soviet cosmonauts and many famous test pilots took to the skies. The museum houses numerous relics of the combat prowess of Soviet aviators.
During the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War, the Military Medical Museum of the Russian Ministry of Defense was born - a research and educational institution that has no similar in the country. Its exhibition reflects the history of domestic military medicine, the government’s constant concern for the health of soldiers and all Russian people. The museum contains many priceless relics testifying to the massive heroism of medical workers in the battles for the Motherland. Its archives contain more than 30 million medical histories of wounded soldiers and officers. The museum provides great assistance to war participants and their families, answering hundreds of thousands of letters to them every year.
The museum of the history of airborne troops in Ryazan, created in 1972, quickly gained popularity. It has received wide recognition among Russian soldiers, youth, and workers of many republics, territories and regions of the country. The exhibition of this museum is figuratively called the anthem of the courage of the paratroopers.
Museums of the history of troops of military districts worked brightly and fruitfully, making extensive use of the experience accumulated over the almost half-century history of their existence. However, the legal status of these museums has been changed. Today they are no longer a structural unit of the districts. The former district museums are now structural subdivisions of the district officers' houses with the faceless name "military historical hall". A fact that, unfortunately, rather indicates a curtailment rather than an expansion of the museum network of the RF Armed Forces. In the future, using a specific example, the author will try to explain what such a decision can lead to.
But the largest group of military history museums are military museums and rooms of military glory. They are created in regiments and on ships, in formations and military educational institutions, in enterprises and institutions of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Their exhibitions, based on specific examples and documentary material, reflect unforgettable pages in the history of the unit, ship, school, military academy, the exploits of fellow soldiers, many fearless heroes, living and fallen, without whom it is impossible to imagine our path to victory.
At one time, the prominent political figure M.I. Kalinin advised building educational work in the unit in such a way “that every recruit, upon joining the regiment, knew not only his number, but his entire battle history, all his heroes and military awards, all his victories in competitions and maneuvers, so that he would be proud of his regiment and defend its honor everywhere.” This is the task that museums and rooms (cabins) of military glory of formations, units and ships are designed to perform. Unlike regular military history museums, these institutions operate, as a rule, on a voluntary basis.
In many military units and formations, next to museums and rooms of military glory, impressive memorial complexes dedicated to fellow soldiers have been built. Here is the Eternal Flame. The museum excursions end with a visit to these memorials.
At the sacred relics in a solemn atmosphere, young warriors take the oath, solemn ceremony presentation of award insignia and presentation of regular military ranks. All this expands the educational capabilities of the museum-memorial complexes and enhances their impact on soldiers and all visitors.
An important document, in accordance with which all the activities of our museums are based, is the Regulations on military-historical museums of the Russian Army and Navy, dated 1997. The activities of museums, as noted in the Regulations, are an integral part of ideological, political and educational work in the army and navy. It contributes to the implementation of tasks carried out by the Russian Armed Forces. Museums are called upon to provide active assistance to commanders, deputies for educational work, army and navy organizations in mobilizing personnel to carry out tasks in combat and everyday activities, increasing vigilance and constant, combat readiness to defend the Fatherland. A change in the status of district museums, and, accordingly, their staff, inevitably leads to a simplification of the tasks facing their teams, who are trying their best to comply with the status of the museum. This is understandable; museum visitors, who are not privy to departmental secrets, demand museum services from the current “halls.”
Of course, the teams of military history museums are aware that modern stage It is extremely necessary to update the forms and methods of our activities, eliminate stagnation, and ensure a decisive improvement in the quality of all museum work and its effectiveness.
It is necessary to find more rational and effective ways to use the funds, where, without movement, there are about 5 million museum objects in the storage facilities of regular museums alone. Work in this direction is carried out by increasing the number of stationary and traveling exhibitions and organizing excursions around the funds. However, even now the use of funds does not exceed 6 percent.
An important direction of perestroika is connected with new processes, both with the reform of the army, and with the processes taking place in historical science.
The exhibitions are a reflection of the history of the Russian Army and Navy by museum means. In the course of reforms in historical science, its periodization is clarified, distortions and “blank spots” are eliminated. In accordance with this, a restructuring of the exhibition complexes of museums and the content of their propaganda work is being carried out.
Restructuring should also be accelerated in matters of reflecting the modern period of development of the army and navy in museum exhibitions. This problem is not new, but it is being solved slowly. Perhaps it makes sense to develop a unified concept for constructing the exhibition of this stage. In the report of a representative of the group of developers of the concept of the Dresden Military History Museum at the International Conference dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Military History Museum, an interesting idea was voiced about creating a modern exhibition using the example of a certain young man called up for military service. Here is this young man receiving a summons, here he is at the recruiting station, he is on the way to the unit. Arrival at the unit, acquisition of combat training skills, sports, leisure, etc. and so on. Conscripts will compare what they see with their experience, officers can use the best in their work, pre-conscripts will not be tormented by the uncertainty of a new stage in their lives, and younger visitors will be able to feel the romance of military service. And if you also use interactive forms of display, it will become both more visual and more interesting. It seems that the experience of German “museum workers” should be taken a closer look.
The cornerstone of museum activities is stock work. Our museums continue to work to identify and annotate relic photographs of participants in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. The history museums of the Moscow and Leningrad military districts made video recordings of the memories of honored front-line soldiers, Heroes of the Soviet Union and full holders of the Order of Glory. Many museums have collected impressive materials about the exploits of internationalist soldiers and participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident.
Researchers from the Great Patriotic War sector did a lot of work at the Central Museum of Military Sciences, and used hundreds of new materials when re-exhibiting their halls. New museums and rooms (cabins) of military glory were opened in a number of units and formations. All this, taken together, noticeably updated and expanded the exhibition base on which, as we know, mass propaganda work is built in museums.
With what excitement do representatives of all generations, young and veterans, listen to stories about the unprecedented trials that befell the defenders of the Motherland and their mass heroism. Museum workers put a lot of work into promoting military and labor traditions.
Museums make their feasible contribution to solving the problem of tolerance towards other peoples and religions, showing the importance of friendship between peoples for strengthening the defense of our country and achieving victory in the Great Patriotic War. And this is confirmed by numerous exhibits that characterize the contribution of each of our republics, each people in achieving military and economic victory over their enemies.
The exhibition complexes of museums have numerous documents, authentic materials that convincingly expose the crimes of the fascist aggressors and their current followers striving to gain world domination.
At present, two main social functions of Russian museums have become especially clear. The first is the function of documentation (proof, confirmation). Military history museums document the most characteristic and significant events of military history, the development of military art, weapons, military equipment and equipment. Their second function is educational. It is expressed in the activities of museums in the targeted transfer of military knowledge, the formation of a worldview, ideological, moral, military-patriotic, international and aesthetic education.
Depending on the stages of development of Russian society and the tasks facing museums, either the first or the second function came to the fore each time. But more often both these functions act simultaneously. Currently, during the period of reform, military museums must use both functions as efficiently as possible, achieving high final results.
Our time requires more energetic measures to use technical means, primarily audiovisual, in all types of museum work - research, collection, exhibition and mass propaganda. However, a residual principle by inertia is present when allocating TSV to museums, which, in my opinion, hinders the effectiveness of their activities. Museums are unable to purchase large-format LCD televisions, they use outdated (decommissioned) computers, and there is no Internet connection in museums.
Interest in museum values, which weakened in the 90s, has again acquired its meaning and significance in the 21st century. This became especially clear on the eve of the celebration of the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory. And museums did not fail to take advantage of this. Stationary and traveling exhibitions are opened everywhere, and thematic excursions are held. For example, the Museum of the History of the Troops of the Moscow Military District (the military-historical hall of the House of Officers of the Moscow Military District) organized in April of this year the exhibition “The Long Echo of War”, the exposition of which, along with materials from the museum’s funds, presents finds from the past war obtained in as a result of search activities in the Smolensk, Tver and Kaluga regions.
Experience has shown that the people, soldiers of the army and navy love and value their museums, their popularity is growing from year to year.
“Admiration for the exploits of our fathers and grandfathers, assessments of our true achievements,” said V.V. Putin, “will live forever, like these exploits and achievements themselves. And if today we sometimes look at our history with a critical eye, it is only because we want to better, more fully imagine the path to the future.” .
The growing interest in historical knowledge was also reflected in the fact that among the country's museums, historical and military history museums took first place in terms of attendance. Their share in this indicator is now 45 percent (local history - 21 percent, art history - 20 percent).
The popularity of museums is also growing because now, when perestroika is underway in historical science, when previously admitted distortions and “blank spots” are eliminated, attention to reliable knowledge, to documents and originals, to museum relics as material evidence confirming certain facts and historical events.
Of course, this thirst for knowledge can be satisfied in a library or archive. However, neither a book, nor an album, nor a TV show can replace the unique emotional impression that arises and remains in the memory for a long time from the perception of museum relics, from a skillfully created exhibition.
Issues of development of museum affairs in the country, perpetuation of the feat of the Soviet people and their Armed Forces in defense of the socialist Fatherland are the subject of constant attention of our people and state.
The government outlined a coherent program for the activities of the country's museum institutions, condemned the residual method of spending funds on their development, and included socio-cultural construction among the objects of priority funding. However, apparently, this principle is still popular in the Russian Armed Forces. Cost savings are made primarily by reducing museums and their staff. And this is despite the fact that the Russian Government has adopted the Patriotic Education Program for 2010-2015, already the third in a row. Museums receive decent attention in this program. The program provides for a significant increase in the number of museums, outlines a certain equalization in the provision of services to museum institutions in individual republics of the Russian Federation, strengthening the material and technical base of museums, and improving the management of the museum network. The priority importance of improving the quality indicators of its work is emphasized.
It seems that increasing the number of museums and improving their activities will increase the interest of workers, the younger generation and Russian soldiers in these treasuries of memory of the heroic history of the Fatherland.
Much is being done now to strengthen the spiritual potential of our country. A significant manifestation of the unflagging concern of the people and the state for the preservation and enhancement of the spiritual values of the people, for the further flourishing of social culture, was the creation of such a public formation as the Russian Cultural Foundation. The Foundation promotes the preservation of architectural, historical and cultural relics, the vast wealth of museum collections, state archives and libraries.
The government teaches that the desire for peace in the face of a real threat of military aggression must be combined with a willingness to stand up for oneself, to defend one’s freedom and independence. “As long as the danger of war remains,” emphasizes V.V. Putin, “as long as social revenge remains the core of the strategy and militaristic programs of the West, we will continue to do everything necessary to maintain defense power at a level that excludes the military superiority of imperialism over the Russian Federation."
Military history museums see their task as being, together with commanders and departments of educational work, to ideologically ensure the strengthening of the defense of our country and increasing the combat readiness of the Armed Forces. By decision of the State Duma and Russian government in Moscow on Poklonnaya Hill A monument to the Victory of the Soviet people over fascism, unique in its design and emotional impact, was created. There is a museum of the Great Patriotic War here. A decision was made to build the second stage of the Central Military Station.
The Russian public is raising the question of creating a new military history museum, which would present our entire military history from ancient times to the present day, our entire heroic past. It is proposed to locate a museum of military glory in St. Petersburg in the Mikhailovsky Castle.
The teams of military history museums consider it their duty to make a significant contribution to the solution of tasks set by the Government program, the State Duma, and the All-Russian Museum Conference, to persistently improve their work, decisively improve its quality, and contribute in every possible way to the ideological strengthening and military-patriotic education of soldiers The Armed Forces of Russia, youth, all Russian people.
The main component of the scientific and educational activities of museums of any profile is excursion work. When preparing and conducting excursions, museums are guided by the principles of strict science, which means a clear approach to assessing facts, events and phenomena from the standpoint of scientific instructions, presenting the content of excursions in accordance with historical science. In conditions of acute ideological struggle in the international arena, it is extremely important to reasonably expose anti-Russian, pro-American fabrications, falsifiers of the history of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, and slander against the foreign policy of the state.
A creative approach to conducting each excursion is very important. Taking into account the composition of the group, the guide strives to deeply and interestingly, in a lively, figurative language, reveal the content of the exhibits, to influence the consciousness and feelings of listeners as best as possible. “The art of every propagandist and every agitator,” noted V.I. Lenin, “consists in influencing a given audience in the best possible way, making for it the known truth as convincing as possible, as easily assimilated, as clearly and more firmly imprinted."
Excursions held in the museum are divided into sightseeing, thematic and educational.
A sightseeing tour gives a general idea of the museum, introduces visitors to sections of the exhibition that reveal the history of the creation and development of the Russian Armed Forces, the history of the troops, military district, group of forces, fleet, formation and unit.
The exhibitions of many museums provide the opportunity to conduct thematic excursions. The purpose of such excursions is to explore a specific topic or problem more deeply and purposefully.
Thus, the following thematic excursions are organized at the Central Museum of the Armed Forces: “Government activities to create and strengthen the Armed Forces of Russia”, “Combat alliance of the people of Russia in defense of the Fatherland”, “Mass cultural work in the Russian Armed Forces at the main stages of their history ", "Combat traditions of the Russian Armed Forces", "Russian Armed Forces guarding the peace and security of Russia", "A Russian warrior is a patriot of his country." The Museum of the History of Troops of the Moscow Military District (military-historical hall of the Moscow Military District Officers' House) conducts excursions on the topics: “Moscow is behind us!” (about the participation of the district troops in the Battle of Moscow), "Literature and Life" (about the district soldiers who served as prototypes literary works), “In the Rays of Truth” (an interactive excursion-game for younger schoolchildren), “Lefortovo through the prism of military history” (a comprehensive excursion to the memorable places of military glory of the Lefortovo region with a visit to the museum), etc.
Actually, each military history museum determines its own topic of excursions in accordance with the content of the exhibition. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the branches of the Russian Armed Forces and military branches, the history of military districts, groups of troops and fleets, the history that is directly reflected in this museum. When determining the topics of excursions, museums are guided by the tasks that Russian soldiers perform at the present stage.
The effectiveness and efficiency of an excursion is determined by its quality, ideological and patriotic orientation. In the program of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, adopted at general meeting, it says: “An important task of educational work remains military-patriotic education, the formation of readiness to defend one’s Fatherland, to give it all one’s strength, and, if necessary, one’s life.” This provision of the program is decisive when conducting any excursion to military-historical museums, especially for young people.
An important criterion for the quality of an excursion is its methodological level. A museum excursion requires a sequence of presentation of the material, validity of statements and conclusions, a logical connection between the main theme of the excursion and individual subtexts and questions, an emotional mood, high culture speeches of the guide, his close contact with the group.
The success of an excursion largely depends on a clear understanding of its cognitive and educational goals. The guide must know for what purpose the group of excursionists came to the museum: is it a general acquaintance with the museum materials of a group of tourists or foreign guests, or a more in-depth study of a certain topic, or is it an educational excursion for schoolchildren and students. In any case, the excursion is designed to fulfill the task facing it and be part of the large educational process that is carried out by the museum as an ideological institution.
The guide uses various methodological techniques The method of show and tell is generally accepted in the practice of excursion business. And although they are conducted almost simultaneously, at some point the show must precede the story, that is, the guide in presenting the material goes from show to story, because the visual impressions are the most vivid. When showing an exhibit, the guide takes the correct position both in relation to the object being shown and in relation to the listeners. The exhibit must be visible to everyone. Sometimes the guide pauses in his story to allow all visitors to see the object of the story.
The interactive method of conducting excursions is becoming increasingly popular at the present stage. A method by which a museum visitor is most fully immersed in the atmosphere of past eras, while remaining not an outside observer, but a direct participant in certain events. For example, in the Museum of the History of Troops of the Moscow Military District (the military-historical hall of the House of Officers of the Moscow Military District), during an excursion for younger schoolchildren, homemade dolls are used, such as their peers played at the turn of time. The script for the improvised performance is based on a real leaflet from the Political Department of the Red Army, exhibited right there in one of the museum’s halls. “Fighters of the political department” (identified during the excursion) are “agitating” peasants to join the ranks of the Red Army. And there has not yet been a single case of children refusing to serve in the Red Army. Still would! After all, this army was created to fight for the Truth. Protect the weak, take care of your Earth! The best of the best are given the honor of taking a place in the cart, behind the machine gun. And for older schoolchildren there is an excursion “Called by the Fatherland”, where the “oath is taken” and possible scenarios of fate are considered in relation to the personalities of visitors. By the way, the opportunity to sit on the cart is also considered for adult visitors.
In their activities, many museums actively use documentary films about the origins of the Red Army, the Great Patriotic War and its individual operations, and amateur films about the modern army. It is recommended to include in the sections of the exhibition sound recordings of speeches of prominent government and state figures, military leaders, sound recordings of messages from the Sovinformburo, and military-patriotic songs and marches. In scientific and methodological developments about conducting excursions, it is necessary to indicate what visual and audio illustrations can be used to more fully reveal a particular topic.
But in order for the excursion to be successful in all respects, it is necessary to carefully and comprehensively prepare for it. First of all, the choice of topic and determination of the purpose of the excursion are important. The possibility and feasibility of preparing a specific excursion are dictated by the profile of the museum, its specifics, the presence of relevant sections in the museum exhibition and a sufficient number of materials to reveal this topic. Having determined the topic, it is necessary to study the relevant literature: monographs, publications on the history of the Russian Armed Forces, memoirs and works of fiction.
Developing the text of the excursion requires the guide to have deep knowledge of both the history of the country and its Armed Forces of Russia, and the exposition of this museum. In this case, it is necessary to focus on the exhibition and the military-historical monuments that are presented on it. Museums of branches of the Armed Forces, branches of the armed forces, districts, groups of troops and fleets have both the full text of the excursion and a short version of it.
Experience shows that in addition to existing museum texts for overview and thematic excursions, there is a need to develop scientific and methodological recommendations in order to help guides organically link the content of excursions with the new most important events in the internal and international life of the country and the Russian state, major anniversaries and significant dates, current tasks, facing the personnel of the Russian Armed Forces. It is very important that excursions promptly reflect current political events, keep pace with modern times, and be topical.
During the preparation of excursions, extensive reference material is accumulated, which can be used in the future work of the guide. It is advisable to put this material on cards; they will be convenient to use in the subsequent development of excursion topics.
Particular attention should be paid to employees preparing their first excursion. The time for its preparation is determined depending on the volume of the museum’s exhibition. For example, two months are allotted for preparing a sightseeing tour to the Central Exhibition Center of Russia, which has 25 exhibition halls. This period is set on the basis that one or two days are allocated to study the exhibition of the hall and test its knowledge. As you explore one hall after another, the guide recounts its contents to the methodologist or representative of the scientific and exhibition department. After the guide conducts the prepared excursion several times, it is accepted by a specially created commission.
The composition of the commission is determined by order of the head of the museum. Based on the experience of the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, this commission is headed by the deputy head of the museum for scientific work. The commission, as a rule, includes the head or deputy of the scientific and exhibition department, the head of the mass propaganda department, a methodologist, and the head of the excursion and lecture bureau.
It is recommended to have a book of minutes of the selection committee, which records the discussion and acceptance of the excursion. During the discussion, we advise you to be guided by pre-established criteria for evaluating the excursion, which will help determine the quality of the accepted excursion. The wishes and recommendations expressed by the commission members during the discussion will help the novice guide in improving his excursion activities.
Employees who have sufficient experience in excursion work can help a novice guide with their knowledge, advice, and recommendations. Experience is shared in the form of conversations and activities and during mutual listening excursions.
After a positive decision on the excursion has been made by the selection committee, an order is issued from the head of the museum to allow the researcher to conduct excursions.
Systematically carried out quality control of excursions (relevant for museums where several guides work) helps to increase their ideological, political and methodological level, and to increase the skill of guides. It is carried out by listening to and discussing excursions according to annual and current plans. Control can also be unscheduled, carried out in order to determine the level of excursion work of the museum and the skill of each guide. Listening to excursions is carried out in accordance with the order of the head of the museum or his deputy, for which the composition of the commission members is determined in advance and its work schedule is drawn up.
The Central Museum of the Armed Forces has a permanent commission to provide methodological assistance to researchers and monitor the quality of their excursions. Its members include the deputy head of the museum for scientific affairs (chairman of the commission), heads of the propaganda department and the scientific exhibition department, the secretary of the committee, methodologists of the propaganda department, and the head of the excursion and lecture bureau. At the beginning of the year, the museum management draws up and approves the commission’s work schedule, as well as the work schedule of the methodologists. When drawing up schedules, it is provided that the commission listens to all scientific employees leading excursions once a year, and methodologists listen to guides of the propaganda department twice, and employees of other departments once a year. In order to exchange experience between guides, mutual listening is also practiced.
Excursions are conducted not only around the main exhibition, but also through stationary and traveling exhibitions. The texts of the latter are usually developed by the authors of exhibitions. Considering that stationary exhibitions are usually an addition to the main exhibition of the museum, the texts of excursions around them, like the excursions themselves, should be short and expressive.
The traveling exhibition is like a branch of the museum and operates independently. Its exposition is deployed in military units, enterprises, institutions, and educational institutions. Therefore, it is recommended to have a detailed text of the exhibition tour. The text of the excursion must include brief information on the history of the museum, as well as an appeal to visitors with a request to replenish the museum’s funds with new arrivals.
The business training plan includes meetings with exhibitors - veterans of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, advanced soldiers of the army and navy of today, including heroes who performed their international duty in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
A number of museums practice informing guides at the beginning of the working day about the most important events in the domestic and international life of the country in order to promptly reflect them in excursions. It is also advisable to hold scientific and practical conferences dedicated to the most important government decisions, historical events, and anniversaries.
It is useful to conduct internships for tour guides in other museums.
For military history museums with a small staff, it is advisable, if possible, to take part in classes conducted by the Center for Military History.
There is a practice of involving freelance guides from among the participants of the Great Patriotic War, unit veterans, front-line commanders, educational departments, company activists, excellent students of combat and public-governmental training in excursion work. It is important that freelance tour guides are invited to classes to improve the business qualifications of tour guides.
Previously, museums of the history of branches of the Armed Forces, branches of the armed forces, districts, groups of troops and fleets were the parent museums in relation to military museums, providing them with scientific and methodological assistance, including in improving the business qualifications of their employees. Today, when the estimates of the Officers' Houses do not include expenses for business trips, the connection between district museums and military museums is almost lost. Real help is possible through the distribution of teaching aids developed by the district museum (military history hall of the ODO) and distributed to their intended destination. For example, the methodological guide “Some aspects of using the interactive method when conducting excursions in military-historical museums”, developed by the head of the Museum of the History of Troops of the Moscow Military District (military-historical hall of the Moscow Military District Officers’ House) T.P. Shpileva and took first place at the All-Army competition "Golden Falcon", distributed among the troops by the methodological department of the CC of the RF Armed Forces.
And yet, military museums and rooms of military glory of the RF Armed Forces occupy a special and important place in the system of socio-cultural activities. This is due to a number of factors:
firstly, military museums and rooms of military glory reflect the history of a unit, formation, type, branch of troops, which cannot be considered in isolation from the events that were taking place in the country at that time;
secondly, military museums and rooms of military glory have exhibits that have historical and cultural value, which promotes the study and understanding of history by new generations of not only military personnel, but also Russian citizens;
thirdly, military museums and rooms of military glory accumulate and preserve objects, photographs and things that reflect the development of a modern state and will store them for the study and development of historical sciences;
fourthly, the enormous potential of military museums and rooms of military glory is used in state programs for the patriotic education of citizens and the formation of their pride in the history of Russia.
Military museums and rooms (cabins) of military glory went through the process of formation and development in inextricable connection with the Armed Forces. Their funds contain many museum objects, the importance of which reaches an international level. Great value These materials are useful for the study and development of Russian historical science, and first of all, military history. Weapons, ammunition, elements of clothing, life and leisure of our ancestors must be preserved and conveyed to subsequent generations of citizens of the Russian Federation. Military museums and rooms of military glory are coping with this task and will continue to cope successfully.
Military history museums are historical museums whose collections document military history, the development of military art, weapons, military equipment and equipment. They are divided into museums of general military history (for example, the Central Museum of the Armed Forces in Moscow); museums of certain branches of military affairs (artillery, naval, aviation, etc.); museums of the history of military units; museums dedicated to significant military events and outstanding commanders, including memorial museums and monuments.
Cultural work is understood as one of the main areas of museum activity, in which the educational and educational function of the museum is realized and multifaceted and varied work with various categories visitors both inside and outside the museum. In the practice of museums, various forms of scientific and educational work have developed. Their improvement and development is the most important means of increasing the role of museums in ideological and educational work.
Forms of scientific and educational work - types of organization of work of museums with visitors. Today, the most common practices in museums are excursions and lectures. These forms are often combined into cycles. An effective form of working with regular visitors is a museum circle. Recently, complex forms of work have also been developing, such as theme evenings, clubs, and museum festivals. Wide circles of the museum community participate in their organization and implementation - representatives of the Council of Veterans, the Society for the Conservation of Nature, the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, creative organizations, etc. The development of complex forms of museum work is of great ideological and educational importance. The goals of scientific and educational work are the educational function and multifaceted work with various categories of visitors.
The objectives of scientific and educational work are to convey all the necessary information that is available in the museum with the help of visual materials, exhibits, and all kinds of multimedia tools.
According to the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 343 dated September 11, 1997, the scientific and educational work of military museums (museum entities) is carried out on the basis of museum materials, expositions and exhibitions, taking into account a differentiated approach to the audience and is implemented in various (including complex) educational events educational, cultural and leisure content, as well as in advertising, generalization and dissemination of experience in museum work.
The main forms of scientific and educational work of military museums (museum entities) include:
General educational and educational excursions to expositions and exhibitions, open storage of funds, non-museum historical and cultural monuments, as well as lectures, reports and conversations (often combined into cycles) on topics corresponding to the profile of the military museum (museum education);
Military history readings, theoretical conferences, television and radio reports on museum collections, oral journals, documentary lectures, museum lessons;
Thematic evenings dedicated to the Battle Banner, public holidays, days of military glory and others significant dates in the history of the army and navy, branch of the Armed Forces, district, fleet, branch of the military, special troops and services, association, formation, military unit, evenings of honor and meeting with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, labor and the Armed Forces, trips to places of military glory, lessons of courage;
Museum circles and clubs, open days, museum holidays;
Traveling exhibitions.
The scientific and educational work of military museums (museum formations) should promote the establishment of glorious military traditions in military groups, have a mobilizing influence on the fulfillment of combat training tasks by personnel, form in soldiers a constant readiness to fulfill their military duty to the Motherland, and help improve the level of education and culture , military, moral and aesthetic education, as well as the organization of cultural leisure for military personnel and other categories of citizens of the Russian Federation.
Military museums (museum institutions) keep records of educational work in the following areas:
recording the attendance of expositions, exhibitions and other museum events;
accounting for the number of events carried out (by their types);
taking into account the workload of each employee of a military museum (museum education) participating in the organization and conduct of information and educational events.
Information about information and educational activities carried out is recorded daily in special journals (diaries) of the work of military museums (museum entities).
In addition, the documentation of the scientific and educational work of the military museum (museum education) includes:
methodological development of excursions and other forms of scientific and educational work;
thematic plans for excursions, lectures, conversations, etc.;
plans (scenarios) for various information and educational events.
