Which musical instrument is the best? The smallest musical instruments in the world. How do most graduates of music schools and conservatories make money from music in Russia?

Do you know where the largest one is located? musical instrument in Russia? This huge organ is installed in the Svetlanov Hall of the Moscow International House of Music. The organ weighs 30 tons, the total height is about 15 meters, like a five-story building, total number pipes in the organ - six thousand. The largest pipes reach a length of 10 meters. Let's take a closer look at this amazing tool and even take a look inside.

2. The project of the organ of the Moscow International House of Music was developed specifically for the Svetlanov Hall long before the opening concert venue.
“The hall and the organ should be created together, at the same time, as if for each other,” explains Pavel Nikolaevich Kravchun, associate professor of the Department of Acoustics at Moscow State University and chief caretaker of the organs of the Moscow International House of Music, who participated in the creation of the instrument.

3. The organ was built in Germany by a world-famous consortium of German companies Glatter Gotz (Ovingen) and Klais (Bonn). It was manufactured and initially installed in Bonn in the spring of 2004, and transported to Moscow in the summer. It took six months to install and configure the instrument. Ceremony The opening of the organ took place on December 21, 2004, in the spring next year the first one took place in the Svetlanov Hall organ festival featuring outstanding musicians from different countries peace.

4. The control panel of the House of Music organ has four manual keyboards (manuals), located one above the other, each keyboard has 61 keys. There are another 32 pedal keys on the foot (pedal) keyboard. In addition, the remote control has many auxiliary buttons and knobs.

5. Using the knobs, you can turn on or off the corresponding register, that is, a group of pipes of the same timbre. There are 84 such registers in total and two more sound-image registers. Each register is like a separate musical instrument, for example, a flute, an oboe or even Christmas bells. It turns out that the handles turn on the necessary registers, and the keys open air access to the pipes of specific tones. If the registers are turned off, the organ will not sound when you press a key.

6. Each keyboard is assigned certain group pipes Connection of keys with valves that allow air to enter most pipes - mechanical. Therefore, the further the pipes are from the performer, the harder the keys responsible for them are pressed. For example, the first keyboard is connected to pipes located a meter from the organist; its keys can be pressed easily and without hindrance. And the fourth keyboard is responsible for the outermost pipes, located in the upper part of the organ - there the keys are pressed with some difficulty (of course: from it to the pipes there are 13 meters up and a few more meters to the left and right).
An electrical connection is organized for the chamad registers and the lowest-sounding registers of the pedals, since air pressure creates a greater force on the valves.

7. Three huge fans are responsible for supplying air to the pipes. Previously, before the advent of electric motors, air was pumped into the organs by specially trained people who stomped on huge pumps - bellows.

8. They play the organ with their hands and feet at the same time. The capabilities and sound of the instrument are amazing. The range of this organ is from infrasound (8 hertz) to ultrasound. In terms of sound volume, the organ is comparable to an entire symphony orchestra.

9. This is what a recording of a piece for organ looks like. Considering that all organs are different, a lot of performance depends on the specific organ and organist.

10. The feet have their own pedal keyboard.

11. You can also control the sound volume with your feet.

12. Pavel Nikolaevich is a wonderful storyteller and a very enthusiastic person. Organs are his whole life. He became interested in this instrument while still a schoolboy; because of the organ, he entered the Department of Acoustics of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University, and now he is a leading expert on organs in Russia. We were very lucky with the excursion.

13. A few words about the hall. It is lined with larch for better sound.

14. For better acoustics, many panels are fixed at angles.

15. But that's not all. To ensure good acoustics throughout the hall, special system Constellation. The operating principle of Constellation can be described as follows. Microphones pick up sound in certain areas of the hall, then the processor processes this sound according to a certain algorithm and sends it to loudspeakers located in the hall. In this way, room acoustics can be simulated and controlled.

16. Depending on the settings, you can achieve the sound of a cathedral or a huge hall, the dimensions of which are several times larger than the actual size of the hall.

17. Now let’s go see what the organ looks like from the other side. Let's take the elevator up several floors.

18. This is what the organ looks like from the inside. A huge number of pipes and intricacies of mechanisms.

19. Mechanical rods go from the keys to the pipes. When you press a key, the dampers open and the pipes sound.

20. The rods are made of wood. Attempts to replace wood with metal cables were unsuccessful; metal is too sensitive to temperature changes.

21. The pipes in the organ are made of different materials, there are metal ones made from an alloy of tin and lead and wooden ones - from pear, pine and oak. The timbre and pitch of the sound depend on the design of the pipe, material and size.

22. The wall thickness of metal pipes is only 0.5 millimeters, the alloy is very soft, if you carelessly touch the pipe, you can leave a dent.

23. The organ is a rather “meteorologically sensitive” device; changes in temperature and humidity can affect the sound quality. Therefore, the microclimate is monitored very carefully.

24. The design of the pipes allows for customization. It is different for different pipes, some are equipped with special tongues, the smallest pipes need to be flared or rolled.

25. Tuning the organ lasts several hours and is done before each concert. You need to have enormous patience to tune the organ.

26. This is what the “mouth” of the pipe looks like. The pipe “sings” through it.

27. The smallest pipes are a few centimeters in size. It’s even surprising that these little ones can sound throughout the entire hall.

28. Remember the pipes sticking out forward on the facade? This is how they look from the balcony from inside the organ.

29. In general, the instrument is fantastic, you should definitely listen to it.

30. Thank you very much Moscow International House of Music for a most interesting excursion.

And a very short video:

We present to your attention a list of the ten most difficult musical instruments to learn. Please note that the musical instruments listed are do not contain order. If you know of other musical instruments that are more difficult to master, be sure to share them in the comments.

The oboe is a woodwind musical instrument that has a melodious, but somewhat nasal, harsh timbre. It first appeared in the mid-17th century, when it was called hautbois. Today, the oboe is widely used in chamber music concerts, orchestras, in some genres of folk music, as a solo instrument, and can also be heard in jazz, rock and pop music.

One of the most complex musical instruments in the world is the “French horn” - a musical instrument from the wind group, descended from a hunting signal horn. Used primarily in symphony and brass bands, and also as a solo instrument.

The violin is a bowed, usually four-stringed musical instrument descended from an ancient Indian stringed instrument called the Ravanahatha, brought to Italy by Arab traders between the 10th and 16th centuries. The name of the violin comes from the Italian word Violino, which literally means “small viola.” It acquired its modern appearance in Italy in the 16th century, and in the 18th century it was slightly modified. Instruments made between the 16th and 18th centuries are highly sought after by collectors, especially Stradivarius and Guarneri violins. It is a solo musical instrument.

An organ is a keyboard musical instrument that produces sound by releasing compressed air through a system of pipes. It is one of the oldest musical instruments, whose history is traced in ancient Greece as early as the third century BC. Organs are widely distributed in Catholic churches and some synagogues, they are often used for musical accompaniment religious service. In the early 20th century, these instruments were often installed in movie theaters to provide musical accompaniment to films during the silent film era. The largest operating pipe organ in the world is the Wanamaker Organ, which is located at Macy's Lord & Taylor in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, and consists of 28,482 pipes.

The bagpipe is an ancient folk wind musical instrument that has been part of the culture of Scotland and Ireland for centuries. It was especially popular in the Middle Ages, where it was used in military bands. It is believed that bagpipes came from Asia to Europe in the 9th century due to the fact that they were common in the Eastern Roman Empire. The sound of this instrument is very sharp and strong.

Another most complex musical instrument is considered to be the “Harp” - a stringed musical instrument known since ancient times in Asia, Africa and Europe, starting from 3500 BC. e. For many centuries it was political symbol Ireland.

Piano is a string-keyboard musical instrument that is widely used in classical music. Its inventor is considered to be the Italian harpsichord master Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco, who designed the first piano in Florence in 1711. Despite the fact that the instrument is quite large and often expensive, its versatility and ubiquity have made the piano one of the most famous musical instruments in the world.

The accordion is a keyboard-pneumatic musical instrument, which was designed by the Viennese organ master K. Demian in 1829. It is a modern type of manual harmonica. The accordion is not used in classical and symphony orchestras, because of its specific sound, and is traditionally associated with folk music. More generally, the instrument is used as a solo instrument. Widely distributed throughout the world. The accordion is the official instrument of the city of San Francisco, California, USA.

Classical guitar- a stringed musical instrument with six strings and a wide variety of timbres. Used as a solo, ensemble and accompanying instrument. In his modern form has existed since the second half of the 17th century.

Drum set - a set of drums, cymbals and others percussion instruments. Today it is perceived as a single musical instrument, although in fact it is whole line various instruments, each of which has its own history and existed long before the advent of drum kit. The instrument originated after the advent of jazz, around the 1890s, when New Orleans drummers began adapting their drums to allow one player to play multiple instruments at once. The number of instruments in the kit varies for each performer and depends on his playing style.

Share on social media networks

The art of miniatures did not bypass musical instruments. There are only a dozen craftsmen in the world who can skillfully reproduce a small copy of a full-size grand piano or cello. We present a list of the smallest musical instruments.

The smallest piano

The creators of the mini-grand piano called Grand Pianist claim that their musical instrument is not a toy. By pressing the keys, you can hear real live sound. However, it is quite inconvenient to play on it, since the size of each of the 88 keys is 4 mm wide.

How to play the smallest piano in the world

In addition, the base of the smallest grand piano has 100 built-in ready-made melodies various music genres for autoplay. The “mini-keys” also have a slot for a memory card and connection to an mp3 player.

The smallest saxophone

The soprillo saxophone has a pronounced squeaky sound due to the small size of the instrument.

The extremely small mouthpiece requires the performer to practice the embouchure technique - a special way for musicians to fold their lips to play the wind instruments. It is especially difficult to play the soprillo in the upper register.

The demand for Sopranissimo Sax among musicians is very low, so manufacturers still continue to produce this subtype of saxophone solely for decorative purposes. The low popularity of the soprillo compared to alto and tenor saxophones also affects its price - you can buy such an instrument for $3,400.

The smallest harmonica

Little Lady has only four holes with a range of one octave, which is very reminiscent of the children's harmonica “Veterok” (originally Speedy) from Honner. Both are tuned in the key of C major.

Despite its uniquely small size, Little Lady is not uncommon. You can buy a harmonica with a brass body and pear wood inserts for $23.

The smallest violin

This isn't the only mini-tool in Chen's arsenal. Previously, he made violins with a length of 2 cm and 3.5 cm. A violin with a length of 9 mm was created by a resident of the Ukrainian Zhmerinka, Mikhail Maslyuk from the city of Zhmerinka. On a coin with a face value of 1 kopeck, 5 such instruments can fit.

The record holder for making small violins is Kiev resident Nikolai Sryadisty. He created an instrument even smaller than Maslyuk's violin. Its length is 0.5 mm, and the violin easily passes through the eye of the needle. The violin made by Sryadisty is an exact copy Stradivarius violins.

The smallest cello

The smallest balalaika

To decorate his miniature, Sryadsty made a case by connecting two poppy seeds with a cobweb. Inside the left recess he engraved a portrait of the virtuoso balalaika player Vasily Andreev, and placed a nano-balalaika in the right one.

It was possible to play the miracle instrument only in 2011, when Craighead and Carr came up with a special laser beam. It will not be possible to hear the sounds of a mini-violin, since the sounds it produces are beyond the human auditory range.

The thickness of each of the six strings is 2 thousand times thinner than a human hair, and they can only be played using a special laser beam. In the late 90s, the nanoguitar was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the smallest in the world.

The smallest harp

The mini-afra is cut from a single crystal of silicon. The thickness of its strings is less hair a person a thousand times. They produce a sound that is too high a frequency for the human ear to perceive, so a person can only follow the vibration of the strings in electron microscope images.

Micronium - the smallest musical instrument in the world

Subscribe to our channel in Yandex.Zen

Roughly speaking, a musical instrument can be called anything that can produce a sound more or less pleasant to the human ear: a spoon, a knife, a saw, sticks, and so on. But still, we are accustomed to more or less standardized devices. The largest is the organ - a huge piano with complex system pipes making sounds high power and the widest range. But which musical instrument is the smallest? Let's figure it out.

Harmonica is a tool that can easily fit in your pocket. This is a plus: you can always have it with you, which harpers – people who play this professionally – use with pleasure. unusual instrument.

Despite its apparent frivolity, the harmonica is often included in blues, jazz and even rock compositions. Many Russian musicians For example, Boris Grebenshchikov, Sergei Chigrakov, Vladimir Shakhrin and many others play it well.

The smallest harmonica “Little Lady” had a length of 5 centimeters and a thickness of 1.5. It was made in Germany in the 90s of the 19th century, but it has survived to this day.

In the minds of most musicians, the harmonica is a frivolous, folk or even amateur instrument. A triangle is a different matter. Despite apparent simplicity, even primitive, it has a strong and bright sound. The triangle part, no matter how funny it may sound, is included in many classical works.

For example, “Anita’s Dance” from Grieg’s drama “Peer Gynt” and the overture to “William Tell” are incomplete without the sound of the triangle. It was used by Beethoven, Mozart, Hayden and many other composers. And Liszt even wrote a work that musicians call the “Concerto for a triangle” - Concerto No. 1 for piano and orchestra. In it, this frivolous instrument plays a very serious role.

The flute itself is miniature, and the piccolo is also called a small flute. This miniature instrument has a high but pleasant sound. She can often be found in symphony orchestras, but the little girl is rarely given the leading role; more often she simply complements other instruments. Vivaldi, Shostakovich, Ravel appreciated the delicate beauty of this instrument.

A child's play whistle, in skillful hands, turns into a musical instrument with a bright and rich sound. Traditional folk art is usually made from wood, clay and now plastic. Interestingly, a wide range of sounds can be produced from the same whistle simply by pouring a little water inside. Then the whistle turns into deep trills.

This simple and unpretentious musical instrument cannot be found in symphony orchestras, but folk groups they are happy to insert them, adding an authentic sound.

The tools we listed above are miniature in themselves. Of course, if you wish, you can make the triangle smaller, but they have their own standards and must obey them. But there are instruments that have become so tiny by the will of their creators.

For example, Dustin Carr and Harold Craidhead from the Department of Nanotechnology at Cornell University presented a nanoguitar to the public. It has a total length of about 10 micrometers, the strings are about 10 atoms in diameter. Nevertheless, it plays, however, you can crush it with your finger without even noticing it, so you have to use a laser beam. The guitar makes sounds, but the human ear cannot hear them; amplifiers have to be used.

Nanoharp

To say that this is just a small musical instrument is to say nothing. To make it, they took a silicon crystal, on which the tool was etched. The diameter of the strings is truly nano - 50 nanometers. They produce a sound of 380 million hertz. It is played in the same way as a nanoguitar – with a laser beam.

In addition to miniature and ultra-technological nanotoys, there is a third category - smaller copies of conventional tools. One of them is a piccolo saxophone that will fit on your dinner plate. Its length is 30 centimeters. This is especially noteworthy given that the saxophone is considered one of the most complex instruments. To repeat it in miniature is a real feat.

In 2006, Sega Toys Co presented an unusual musical instrument, a piano weighing 2 kilograms. It, as expected, has 88 keys, each of which is 4 millimeters wide. It is incredibly difficult to play, and the sound is also not very familiar. But you don’t need movers to carry such a piano.

The string-bow group (double bass, viola, cello and violin) greatly depends on the size of the body, because it resonates and reflects sound. Some masters like to experiment with size and shape, achieving an unusual sound. But in 1973, Eric Massner went completely wrong extreme measures: created a tool 41 millimeters long. Surprisingly, this cello replicates a regular cello in everything; it can even play, albeit in a very high range.

The quality of a tool does not necessarily depend on its size, and the ones we found are direct confirmation of this.

If a child shows from childhood musical abilities and dreams of a career professional musician, then there is no need to grab your head and predict a life of complete poverty for him. The modern holiday industry allows not only “star” musicians to make good money. But a lot depends on the musical specialization and the “money” of the instrument.

Who are the richest musicians in the world?

They earn tens, hundreds of millions of dollars a year and lead the life of an average oligarch who buys yachts and islands (for example, the fortune of Sting and Mick Jagger is estimated at approximately $300 million, Madonna - $650 million, Paul McCartney - $800 million. $, Bono - $1 billion, etc.).

The ability to compose beautiful, memorable, hit songs and perform them in a well-recognized voice is the main source of wealth and millions in royalties for world music celebrities. And the best, “monetary” and “rich” musical instrument, coupled with original author’s creativity, is, of course, the human voice.

Unfortunately, classic and jazz musicians earn hundreds, thousands of times less than pop stars (although the fortune of the famous Russian violist Yuri Bashmet is estimated at $3 million, but this is rather the exception than the rule). Almost all the money in this industry is concentrated in pop music.

Therefore, if your child loves to sing since childhood, and adolescence starts writing songs in a pop-rock style, and he has real talent, then this is the surest way to climb musical Olympus, including financially.

Unfortunately, or fortunately, only a few of those who write songs in their youth achieve this. But nothing prevents your teenager from trying himself in this direction if he has a great desire to engage in original music.

You just need to take into account that in Russia, unlike Europe and the USA, where sometimes it is enough to write one hit song in order to then lead a comfortable life at the expense of numerous royalties, it is almost impossible to make money from musical content.

The main bread of musicians in Russia is concerts. Particularly gifted people also earn money by composing music for commercials and movies.

There is no need to force your child to learn notes and enroll in music universities.

If you carefully study the biographies of famous pop-rock musicians, you will find out that most of them never studied music in any way. educational institutions, and did not know notes (for example, the greatest melodists and composers of the 20th century, Paul McCartney and John Lennon, were not familiar with musical notation). But this did not stop them from achieving great success in the musical field. They simply followed their talent, and learned music through practice, not theory.

Therefore, there is no need to require a child who is interested in music and composes songs to enroll in some music universities and study musical notation. The number of self-taught people who have achieved great success in the field of pop-rock music significantly exceeds the number of those who studied the world's greatest art in special institutions.

Which musicians are most valued in Russia?

Unfortunately, in the Russian music industry, what is most valued is not original talent, but money and “publicity.” Therefore, the largest fees in Russia are earned by those musicians who appear most often on television (Grigory Leps, Stas Mikhailov, Philip Kirkorov, Nikolai Baskov, Dima Bilan and others) and those into whom producers pump the most money.

But nothing prevents your child from singing in English in the future so that his talents can be noticed at the international level, since he is not able to do this at home, where completely different things are valued. In any case, if a child has a talent for writing songs, this should be encouraged in every possible way, regardless of the presence or absence of external success and recognition of his creativity.

How do most graduates of music schools and conservatories make money from music in Russia?

But even if your child fails to reach big stage, this does not mean that he cannot make money from music. The modern event industry (the sphere of organizing and holding various festive, business and advertising events) provides great opportunity numerous graduates receive decent money music schools, conservatories and simply talented self-taught musicians.

To do this, you need to perform popular songs and melodies at weddings, corporate events, anniversaries, presentations, in restaurants, cafes, shopping centers etc. You just need to choose the right “money” musical instrument, which is in demand in the event industry, both as a solo instrument and as part of a musical group.

The most “monetary” musical instrument is the voice

The most popular musical instrument at festive events is, of course, the human voice. Those with luxurious tones who can sing well can make decent money at weddings and corporate events, while spending on labor activity minimum time.

The only problem is that there are too many wedding singers and singers, and standing out among them in order to receive many orders for performances is not so easy. To do this, you need to find your niche, your repertoire and your customer. Then it will be possible to receive decent money for performing popular songs.

There is much less competition among wedding and corporate instrumentalists.
What musical instrument should a child choose in order to make decent money in the event industry?

Tenor saxophone - modern musical wedding king

If ever the main thing music king At weddings there was a button accordion, but today the sound guidelines have shifted somewhat (although the button accordion and its close relative the accordion are still in great demand at weddings in rural areas and small towns).

One of the most popular wedding instruments now is the saxophone, and in particular, the most euphonious and romantic tenor saxophone. The sharper-sounding alto saxophone is slightly less in demand in the event industry.

Sometimes we receive orders to perform compositions on soprano saxophone at weddings. The remaining members of the saxophone family (bass saxophone, double bass saxophone and baritone saxophone) do not appear at such events, although there are exceptions.

In any case, if your child thoroughly masters the tenor saxophone and learns to play popular melodies on it with a beautiful, luxurious, rich sound (which is actually not so difficult, since this is not improvisation or composing music), then he will have every chance successfully enter the event business. He will earn good money at weddings and corporate events, spending a minimum of working time on this.

For example, saxophonists I know who play at weddings, corporate events and presentations earn 50-60 thousand rubles, working only 8-10 hours a month! (one hour of their performance costs from 6 thousand rubles). For such a salary, many sales managers and office representatives have to sit through a whole month, working within the standard 40-hour work week.

Can you imagine how much free time you have? It is enough to play for an hour twice a week at a wedding or corporate event to lead a completely comfortable lifestyle. At the same time, you can still earn decent money by giving private saxophone lessons.

Other musicians who play wind instruments (flutists, clarinetists, trombonists, oboists, etc.) are much less fortunate. They are extremely rarely invited to weddings and corporate events, only if they are part of some musical group.

Violin - musical wedding queen

Among string instruments, the most popular in the event industry is, of course, the violin. This is real music queen wedding and corporate sphere. If the “sachs” are played mainly by men, then among wedding violinists there are many representatives of both sexes.

Other classics stringed instruments(cello, viola), most often, are invited to such events as part of string trios and quartets.

One of the most popular instruments in the world - the synthesizer, oddly enough, is not very in demand in its solo version at events. As a rule, pianists and keyboardists are invited to play as background music in cafes and restaurants, but not at weddings and corporate events.

Much more popular are “singing keyboardists” who know many popular songs and can fill pauses during the holidays with instrumental music.

The main instrument of pop-rock musicians, the guitar (both acoustic and electric), is most often invited to festive events as part of duets and musical groups, or as an accompaniment for a singer.

If your teenager plays in a rock band, then he can make decent money with it at weddings and corporate events, performing cover versions of popular songs. True, since the performance musical groups costs 4-5 times more than a solo musician’s performance, they are invited to weddings and corporate events much less often than solo instrumentalists and vocalists.

Those who play exotic instruments, unfortunately, have to look for other sources of income (for example, they can periodically earn extra money as studio musicians). Music connoisseurs and exotic lovers are, unfortunately, very rare among newlyweds.

Instrumentalists can earn money anywhere in the world

It is best, of course, if your child becomes a multi-instrumentalist, confidently plays several instruments (he will earn money on some, and play others for fun), and knows a huge number of popular melodies. Then he will definitely be able to support himself with music. Moreover, not only in Russia, but also in every corner of the planet, since instrumental music- This universal language, understandable to all inhabitants of the Earth without any words.

Let music be a favorite hobby rather than a boring “obligation”

But even if he cannot make it to the big stage, and does not want to play “money” instruments, but writes complex, experimental music that cannot be sold, there is no need to worry about it. Let it be better for the greatest art in the world to become his favorite hobby and passion than a tedious “obligation” to perform other people’s songs in order to make more money. Only now he will have to earn a living in some other field.

Article provided by:

Alexey Kormushkin,
especially for DETINFORM

Current issues

Hello! My baby is 3 months and 3 weeks old today. From 24.02-28.02 we had a hoarse voice, the throat was not red, there was no fever or snot, the condition was painful. (Treatment: 1 Kipferon suppository, 1 Viferon suppository, inhalation with saline solution). From 20.03 to this day, the voice is again hoarse, not as strong as the first time, there are no signs of illness, the condition is playful, from 04.03 the voice is even more hoarse, the condition is pathogenic, and since yesterday the voice has almost disappeared, the temperature is 37.2. According to the blood that was donated on March 12, when they were healthy and had a normal voice, there was a slight increase in lymphocytes.. What to do?

Question No. 913 |6 year old son takes off his panties at night |20.02.2017 | Asks Petrova Nadezhda Alekseevna

Good afternoon My son likes to sleep naked because... Everything constantly bothers him, presses, presses, etc. During the day, he sometimes pulls his T-shirt, sometimes he pulls his panties down, sometimes he pulls his neck up; he is very active and constantly adjusts something from his clothes. Since you can’t undress in the garden during the day, you have to put him down at night, at least in shorts, so he gets used to it, but most often at night he takes everything off. And not so long ago I started lowering my underwear at all, i.e. I don’t take it off completely, I wake him up and his panties are down on his butt. What could this mean? Why does the child do this? What should I do - should I pay attention to this?