Nobel Prize for Literature. Dossier. Literary awards
South African John Maxwell Coetzee is the first writer to be awarded the Booker Prize twice (in 1983 and 1999). In 2003, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for creating countless guises of amazing situations involving outsiders." Coetzee's novels are characterized by well-crafted composition, rich dialogue, and analytical skill. He mercilessly criticizes the cruel rationalism and artificial morality of Western civilization. At the same time, Coetzee is one of those writers who rarely talks about his work, and even less often about himself. However, Scenes from Provincial Life, an amazing autobiographical novel, is an exception. Here Coetzee is extremely frank with the reader. He talks about his mother's painful, suffocating love, about the hobbies and mistakes that followed him for years, and about the path he had to go through to finally start writing.
"The Humble Hero" by Mario Vargas Llosa
Mario Vargas Llosa is a distinguished Peruvian novelist and playwright who received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature “for his cartography of power structures and his vivid images of resistance, rebellion and the defeat of the individual.” Continuing the line of great Latin American writers such as Jorge Luis Borges, Garcia Marquez, Julio Cortazar, he creates amazing novels, balancing on the edge of reality and fiction. Vargas Llosa's new book, The Humble Hero, masterfully twists two parallel storylines in an elegant Marinera rhythm. The hard worker Felicito Yanaque, decent and trusting, becomes a victim of strange blackmailers. At the same time, successful businessman Ismael Carrera, in the twilight of his life, seeks revenge on his two slacker sons who want his death. And Ismael and Felicito, of course, are not heroes at all. However, where others cowardly agree, these two stage a quiet rebellion. Old acquaintances also appear on the pages of the new novel - characters from the world created by Vargas Llosa.
"The Moons of Jupiter" by Alice Munro
Canadian writer Alice Munro is a master of the modern short story and winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature. Critics constantly compare Munro to Chekhov, and this comparison is not without reason: like the Russian writer, she knows how to tell a story in such a way that readers, even those belonging to a completely different culture, recognize themselves in the characters. These twelve stories, presented in seemingly simple language, reveal amazing plot abysses. In just twenty pages, Munro manages to create a whole world - alive, tangible and incredibly attractive.
"Beloved" Toni Morrison
Toni Morrison received the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature as a writer “who, in her dreamy and poetic novels, brought to life an important aspect of American reality" Her most famous novel, Beloved, was published in 1987 and received a Pulitzer Prize. At the heart of the book - real events that took place in Ohio in the 80s of the nineteenth century: this amazing story the black slave Sethe, who decided on a terrible act - to give freedom, but take her life. Sethe kills her daughter to save her from slavery. The novel is about how difficult it can sometimes be to tear out the memory of the past from the heart, about difficult choices that change fate, and people who remain loved forever.
"The Woman from Nowhere" by Jean-Marie Gustave Leclezio
Jean-Marie Gustave Leclezio, one of the largest living French writers, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2008. He is the author of thirty books, including novels, stories, essays and articles. In the presented book, for the first time in Russian, two stories by Leclezio are published at once: “The Storm” and “The Woman from Nowhere.” The action of the first takes place on an island lost in the Sea of Japan, the second - in Cote d'Ivoire and the Parisian suburbs. However, despite such a vast geography, the heroines of both stories are very similar in some ways - these are teenage girls who are desperately striving to find their place in an inhospitable, hostile world. The Frenchman Leclezio, who lived for a long time in the countries of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Japan, Thailand and on his native island of Mauritius, writes about how a person who grew up in the lap of pristine nature feels in the oppressive space of modern civilization.
"My Strange Thoughts" Orhan Pamuk
Turkish prose writer Orhan Pamuk received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006 “for finding new symbols for the clash and interweaving of cultures in search of the melancholy soul of his native city.” "My strange thoughts" - last novel author, which he worked on for six years. Main character, Mevlut, works on the streets of Istanbul, watching as the streets fill with new people and the city gains and loses new and old buildings. Before his eyes, coups take place, authorities change each other, and Mevlut still wanders the streets winter evenings, wondering what distinguishes him from other people, why he has strange thoughts about everything in the world, and who really is his beloved, to whom he has been writing letters for the last three years.
“Legends of our time. Occupation essays" Czeslaw Milosz
Czeslaw Miłosz is a Polish poet and essayist who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1980 “for showing with fearless clairvoyance the vulnerability of man in a world torn by conflict.” “Legends of Modernity” is the first translated into Russian “confession of the son of the century”, written by Milosz on the ruins of Europe in 1942–1943. It includes essays on outstanding literary (Defoe, Balzac, Stendhal, Tolstoy, Gide, Witkiewicz) and philosophical (James, Nietzsche, Bergson) texts, and polemical correspondence between C. Milosz and E. Andrzejewski. Exploring modern myths and prejudices, appealing to the tradition of rationalism, Milos tries to find a foothold for European culture, humiliated by two world wars.
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a form of rewarding writers for significant literary works or a general contribution to literature, expressing recognition of the merits of a given person and the influence of his work on literary process in general or in its particular direction.
The mandatory components of the process of awarding a literary prize are: a) a circle of experts who formulate the number of applicants and make the final decision; b) selection criterion, i.e. formulation of the basis on which this choice is made; c) the bonus itself, expressed in monetary terms or having symbolic meaning(in the latter case, the emphasis is on the significance of the choice by one or another circle of experts) and d) the writers or poets themselves - award winners representing this choice.
In contrast to the methods of remuneration adopted in the Middle Ages, when writers were given the status of court poets or writers close to the court, accompanied by an appropriate monetary allowance, literary awards, the practice of which became widespread mainly in the 20th century, are a more democratic way of recognizing the merits of writers . Modern awards are one-time in nature and do not formally require any further obligations from writers. However, as experience shows, sometimes receiving a significant status award—international or state—affected the writer’s further work and influenced his fate.
Prizes can be conditionally divided into a) international (Nobel, Booker, etc.) and national (Goncourt French, Pulitzer American, national Booker English, Russian, etc., State Russian, etc.), b) industry ( in the field of fiction, historical novel etc.), c) personal Astrid Lindgren Prize international prize in the field of children's literature, etc. d) informal Antibooker, Prize named after. Andrey Bely, etc.
International literary awards. Nobel Prize in Literature (cm. NOBEL PRIZES) the most famous and prestigious annual international prize in the field of literature.
Booker International Prize(Man Booker International Prize) established in 2005. Will be awarded biennially for "creativity, development and general contribution to world fiction" and will be worth £60,000. Unlike the existing Booker Prize, which is open only to citizens of the British Commonwealth and Ireland, the new prize is open to anyone writing in English language.
The 2005 laureate was the Albanian poet Ismail Kadare.
IMPAC Award(Improved Management Productivity and Control a leading company in the field of improving productivity) an international award established in 1996 by Dublin City Council. 185 have the right to nominate applicants library systems in 51 countries. The prize is awarded for a work written or translated into English. It is worth 100,000 euros this is the largest prize that can be received for a single work, and it is awarded in Dublin.
Among the recipients is Moroccan Tahar Ben Jelloun for his novel Blinding absence of light, Edward Jones for the novel Known World.
Literary daggers(Golden Dagger, Silver Dagger, Debut Dagger, Library Dagger, etc.) . The prize has been awarded since 1955 for the best detective novel of the year by the Crime Writers' Association of Great Britain and the Open Society for the Promotion of Crime Writers. Nominations: “Fiction”, “Non-fiction”, “Story”. ( cm. DETECTIVE)
AAI(AAR)Association of American Publishers. Established by the American Writers Association and awarded for the merits of its member publishers. In 2002, the prize for the translation of fiction that promotes mutual understanding between America and Russia was received by T.A. Kudryavtseva, translator of John Updike, William Styron, Norman Mailer, Margaret Mitchell and others.
Liberty Award(Liberty) founded in 1999 by emigrants from Russia. Awarded for contribution to Russian-American culture and the development of cultural ties between the United States and Russia. The winner receives a diploma and a cash prize. The independent jury consists of three people: Grisha Bruskin, Solomon Volkov and Alexander Genis. Sponsors include Media Group Continent USA and the American University in Moscow.
The prize winners were cultural figures living in America. Among them are V. Aksyonov, L. Losev, M. Epstein, O. Vasiliev, V. Bachanyan, J. Billington
National Literary Awards. Booker Prize(Man-Booker Prize for Fiction, Booker Prize) (Great Britain) an annual British literary award for the best novel written in English by a British or Commonwealth citizen. Its goal is to support and develop the traditions of such a literary form as the novel. The prize was founded in 1969. It was first sponsored by Booker-McConnell plc., and the award was called the Booker-McConnell Prize. Since 2002, the award began to be called “Man Booker”, it is financed by the company “Man Group”. The premium has risen from £21,000 to £50,000.
Awarded by the independent charity The Book Foundation. The winners of the English Booker were: in 1969 P.H. Newby (P.H. Newby, Something to Answer For); in 1970 Bernice Rubens (Bernice Rubens, The Elected Member); V 1971 V.S. Naipaul (V.S.Naipaul, In a Free State); in 1972 John Berger (John Berger, G); in 1973 J.G. Farrell (J.G. Farrell, Siege of Krishnapur); in 1974 Stanley Middleton Holiday); in 1975 Nadine Gordimer and Ruth Jhabvala (Nadine Gordimer, The Conservationist Ruth Prower Jhabvala, Heat and Dust); in 1976 David Storey Saville); in 1977 Paul Scott (Paul Scott, Staying On); in 1978 Iris Murdoch The Sea); in 1979 Penelope Fitzgerald (Penelope Fitzgerald, Offshore); in 1980 William Golding (William Golding, Rites of Passage); in 1981 Salman Rushdie (Salman Rushdie, Midnight's Children); in 1982 Thomas Keneally Schindler's Ark); in 1983 J.M.Coetzee Life and Times of Michael K.); in 1984 Anita Brookner (Anita Brookner, Hotel Du Lac); in 1985 Keri Hulme Bone People); in 1986 Kingsley Amis (Kingsley Amis, The Old Devils); in 1987 Penelope Lively (Penelope Lively, Moon Tiger); in 1988 Peter Carey (Peter Carey, Oscar and Lucinda); in 1989 Kazuo Ishiguro (Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day); in 1990 Bayat A.S. (A.S.Byatt, Possession); in 1991 Ben Okri (Ben Okri, The Famous Road; in 1992 Michael Ondaatje and Barry Unsworth (Michael Ondaatje, The English Patient; Barry Unsworth Sacred Hunger); in 1993 Roddy Doyle Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha); in 1994 James Kelman How Late It Was, How Late); in 1995 Pat Barker (Pat Barker, The Ghost Road); in 1996 Graham Swift (Graham Swift, Last Orders); in 1997 Arundhati Roy (Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things); in 1998 Ian McEwan Amsterdam); in 1999 J.M.Coetzee Disgrace); in 2000 Margaret Atwood (Margaret Atwood, The Blind Assassin); in 2001 Peter Carey (Peter Carey, True History of the Kelly Gang); in 2002 Yann Martel Life of Pi); in 2003 D.B.S. Pierre (Peter Warren Finlay), Vernon God Little); in 2004 Alan Hollinghurst The Line of Beauty).
Among the laureates of the English Booker there are world-famous novelists Murdoch, Amis, Golding and others, almost half of the laureates are women. IN Lately Among the laureates, more and more people come from the countries of the British Commonwealth, Canada, South Africa, India, Australia, etc.
Whitbread Prize. Awarded by the UK Booksellers Association. Laureates receive £5,000; An absolute winner is selected from among the laureates in five categories (“Novel”, “Best First Novel”, “Bibliography”, “Children’s Literature”, “Poetry”) and receives 25 thousand pounds sterling. His work is titled "Book of the Year"
Prix Goncourt(Prix Goncourt) (France) annual French literary prize for achievements in the novel genre. The Goncourt Prize is considered one of the most honorable and authoritative in France. And although the nominal size of the prize is symbolic - only 10 euros, the writer is guaranteed large incomes, since after its award, as practice shows, sales of the laureates' books skyrocket.
The Prix Goncourt was officially established in 1896, but it began to be awarded only in 1902. The Goncourt brothers left a huge fortune, which, according to the will of Edmond Goncourt, went to the Academy of Goncourt, officially established in 1896. It includes ten of the most famous writers in France, who receive a nominal fee 60 francs per year. Each academy member has only one vote and can only cast it for one book. The President of the Academy has two votes.
Members of the Goncourt Academy in different time there were writers A. Daudet, J. Renard, Roni Sr., F. Eria, E. Bazin, Louis Aragon and others. The first laureate of the Prix Goncourt in 1903 was John-Antoine Naud for his novel Hostile force.
The laureates of the Prix Goncourt were Ahmad Kuruma, Francois Salvain, Amelie Nothomb, Jean-Jacques Choul.
In addition to the Goncourt Prize, in France there are such literary awards as Renaudo, Medici, Femina, and Goncourt for Lyceum Students.
Femina is one of the oldest literary prizes in France, established in 1904. It is awarded by a jury consisting only of women for the best French novel, foreign novel, or essay.
Pulitzer Prize(USA)one of the most prestigious US awards in the field of literature, journalism, music and theater, since 1942 and in the field of photojournalism.
The prize was founded by the Hungarian-born American newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer. At the end of the 19th century. he skillfully attracted the attention of readers to the newspapers he published. Having lived for 65 years, Joseph Pulitzer died in October 1911, leaving an unexpected will - his last will was the establishment of the School of Journalism at Columbia University and the founding of a foundation in his name. They were left with $2 million for this.
Since 1917, the Pulitzer Prize has been awarded annually on the first Monday in May by the trustees of Columbia University. The formal announcement of the award is traditionally made by the President of Columbia University in April of each year.
In the field of journalism, the prize is not provided with a cash prize, but represents gold medal for “Service to the Fatherland,” awarded to the publication itself, and not to its journalists. In other areas, the decision is made by an independent jury of 90 experts. The amount of the award is 10 thousand dollars.
National Book Award(USA). Founded in 1950 by a group of publishers. The prize is awarded in four categories: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, children's literature. Prize about $10,000 for laureates, $1,000 for nominees, a statuette and a medal for contribution to American literature. Sponsor American National Book Foundation.
Prize named after Cervantes(Spain) is often called the Nobel Prize for Literature in the Spanish-speaking world. It was established in 1979 by the Spanish Ministry of Culture. Bonus fund 90 thousand euros. The prize is presented by the King of Spain on April 23 of each year, the day of Cervantes' death.
Among the award winners are the Spaniard Francisco Umbral, the Chilean Jorge Edwards, and the Spaniard Sanchez Ferlosio.
Prize named after Romulo Gallegosa(Spain) Established in 1967 in memory of the Venezuelan novelist and former president of the country, Rómulo Gallegos. The prize is awarded annually for the best novel written in Spanish and is considered one of the most generous in the Spanish-speaking world: the award is $100,000 and a medal.
Among the winners: Gabriel García Márquez for the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude.
Peace Prize named after Remarque(Germany) was established in 1991 and is awarded every 2 years in Osnabrück. Awarded for journalistic, fictional and scientific writings devoted to the problems of the world. Bonus fund 30 thousand euros.
Literary awards of Russia. The first authoritative all-Russian prize was the Demidov Prize in 1831-1865, awarded by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in many fields of knowledge, including in the field of literature. It was replaced by the Lomonosov Prize. Since 1856, in memory of Count S.S. Uvarov, former president of the Academy of Sciences, the Uvarov Prize was established. It was given mainly for works on Russian history, but there were also writers among the laureates. In total, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences at different times had more than 20 personal awards. The most authoritative was the Pushkin Prize, established with money remaining from the funds raised for the monument to the poet in Moscow. The Prize in memory of A.S. Griboyedov was established in 1883 for new and best plays of the theatrical season by the Society of Russian Dramatic Writers and Opera Composers.
State literary awards. From 1941 to 1952, State Stalin Prizes were awarded mainly for literary works that met the ideological requirements of the historical moment (I.G. Erenburg for Fall of Paris, Dzhambul for poems about the Great Patriotic War, A.N. Tolstoy for the play Ivan groznyj and etc.). Since 1966, the Lenin Prize has been awarded every two years. Among the laureates are M.A. Sholokhov, A.T. Tvardovsky and others.
State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art, starting from 1992, is awarded annually in the amount of 300 thousand rubles, since 2005 its amount is 100 thousand dollars. The position of chairman of the commission is traditionally held by the heads of the presidential administration. Candidates for the prize are nominated by the editors of newspapers and magazines, publishing houses and public organizations. Among the laureates are V.S. Makanin, V.N. Voinovich, A.G. Volos, K.Ya. Vanshenkin, D. Granin, V.I. Belov, K.H. Ibragimov, G.M. Kruzhkov.
State Prize for the most talented works for children and youth established by presidential decree in 1998. Boris Zakhoder became the 1999 laureate.
State Pushkin Prize of Russia established in June 1994 by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin “for the creation of the most talented works in the field of poetry.” Awarded on a competitive basis annually since 1995 by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Commission for State Prizes in the Field of Literature and Art under the President of the Russian Federation. Nomination of candidates is carried out by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the federation, enterprises, institutions and organizations, public associations, educational institutions, editors of newspapers and magazines. Works submitted for the prize are considered by a special commission (section) chaired by I. Shklyarevsky as part of the commission for State Prizes of the Russian Federation. In 1999, the cash bonus was increased to 1,600 times the minimum wage.
B. Okudzhava Prize established in 1998. The prize winners are poets and creators of original songs for outstanding works. Awarded in the amount of two hundred times minimum size remuneration established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. At different times, the prize was received by Yuli Kim, Dmitry Sukharev, Alexander Dolsky, Yuri Ryashentsev.
Booker Open Russia(Russian Booker Prize Russian Booker, Small Booker Prize) has been awarded since 1992 from the funds of a benefactor who for many years wished to remain anonymous. In 2000, his name was revealed as the English public figure Francis Green. Since 2002, the regional public organization “Open Russia” has become the general sponsor of the award. The award became known as “Booker Open Russia”.
Since 2003, the reward has been $15,000; shortlisted finalists receive $1,000.
Initially, the Small Booker Prize was a kind of branch of the “big” Booker Prize. Currently, the Small Booker is awarded not for a novel, but every year for works of different genres. Goal to encourage the most innovative and supportable directions in the literary process. Over the years, the Small Booker was awarded: for best book stories (Victor Pelevin, Blue lantern), for the best debut in prose (Sergey Gandlevsky ( cm. MOSCOW TIME, Craniotomy), for the best magazines of Russian abroad (“Spring”, “Riga”, “Idiot”, “Vitebsk”), for the best work reflecting the history of literature (Mikhail Gasparov, Featured Articles, Alexander Goldstein (Tel Aviv), Breaking up with Narcissist) and others. In 1999, the prize was awarded for a work that develops the essay genre in Russian literature, the laureate was Vladimir Bibikhin for the book New Renaissance. In 2000 literary project, that is organizational activities for collecting, organizing and presenting literary texts, implementing certain ideas and concepts, was awarded to the Yuryatin Foundation (Perm, a group of curators of 4 people). The prize was awarded for book publishing work (publishing books by authors of modern Russian diaspora, significant authors of the province, young authors of Perm, local history literature), organization and support in Perm of the “Literary Environments in the House of Smyshlyaev” salon, where many famous contemporary writers spoke, especially for this who came to Perm, and a lecture hall where humanities scientists Georgy Gachev, Mikhail Ryklin, Igor Smirnov, Boris Dubin, Sergey Khoruzhy gave short courses of lectures.
The longlist and shortlist of the Big and Small Russian Booker are published in the fall. The shortlist is announced and commented on at a special press conference. The winner is announced in December.
In 2000, the Small Booker Prize was organizationally separated from the Big Booker Prize.
The prize is awarded by a jury that partially changes every year. In addition, every year special experts are invited to work on the jury in the area that this year is encouraged by the Small Booker.
Pushkin Prize of the German Alfred Tepfer Foundation. The Alfred Tepfler Foundation became the source of a whole system of rewarding cultural and scientific figures in European countries. The Pushkin Prize was founded in 1989 to reward writers writing in Russian for outstanding contributions to Russian literature. The prize is 40,000 euros and is awarded with the participation of the Russian Pen Center. Along with the prize, two scholarships of 6 thousand euros each are awarded annually to young writers. Among the recipients were Andrey Bitov and Evgeny Rein.
Andrei Bely Literary Prize. Established in the cultural underground ( cm. SAMIZDAT) in 1978 by the samizdat magazine “Hours” (editors B. Ivanov and B. Ostanin) as the first regular non-state literary award in the history of Russia. The names of the laureates were determined by an anonymous jury. The bonus was a bottle of white wine, an apple, one ruble (similar to the Goncourt franc) and a diploma. Among the laureates, who, as a rule, represented the avant-garde and postmodern sectors of the literary underground, are poets Viktor Krivulin (1978), Elena Shvarts (1979), Vladimir Aleynikov (1980), Alexander Mironov (1981), Olga Sedakova (1983), Alexey Parshchikov ( 1986), Gennady Aigi (1987), Ivan Zhdanov (1988), Alexander Gornoy (1991), Shamshad Abdullaev (1994); prose writers Arkady Dragomoshchenko (1978), Boris Kudryakov (1979), Boris Dyshlenko (1980), Sasha Sokolov (1981), Evgeny Kharitonov (1981; posthumously), Tamara Korvin (1983), Vasily Aksenov (1985), Leon Bogdanov (1986) , Andrey Bitov (1988), Yuri Mamleev (1991); critics and cultural scientists Boris Groys (1978), Evgeny Shiffers (1979), Yuri Novikov (1980), Efim Barban (1981), Boris Ivanov (1983), Vladimir Erl (1986), Vladimir Malyavin (1988), Mikhail Epstein (1991) .
After a break, the prize was recreated by M. Berg, B. Ivanov, B. Ostanin and V. Krivulin in 1997. According to the founders, it was given “the character of a national cultural institute, which aims to support the experimental and intellectual direction in Russian literature, searches in the field of language , reflecting changes in the mentality and speech practice of the new generation, but taking into account the experience of Russian modernism, most clearly expressed in the work of Andrei Bely, whose significance we consider unchanged against the backdrop of the most incredible changes in our cultural climate.”
Awarded in four categories: poetry, prose, criticism and cultural theory. There is also an award “for special merits”, which remains, as before, the prerogative of an anonymous jury. To the traditional financial reward is added a notarized agreement for the publication of a book of the laureate’s essays over the next year in the special series “Andrei Bely Prize Laureates.” The names of the laureates were first announced in St. Petersburg, later as part of the Moscow Exhibition-Fair of Intellectual Books, on Andrei Bely’s birthday on October 26.
Antibooker annual bonus; created in 1995 under Nezavisimaya Gazeta. Since 1996, it has been awarded separately for prose (“The Brothers Karamazov”), poetry (“The Stranger”) and drama (“Three Sisters”). Since 1997, the prize has been awarded for literary criticism and literary criticism (“Ray of Light”) and non-fiction (“Fourth Prose”) since 2000.
Aelita Russia's oldest prize for science fiction prose, was established in 1982 by the Union of Writers of the RSFSR and the editors of the Ural Pathfinder magazine. Awarded annually for the best science fiction book of the previous two years at the festival of science fiction lovers in Yekaterinburg. The amount of monetary reward is not disclosed. The first honorary laureates of the Aelita Prize were A. and B. Strugatsky.
Prize« Debut"was established in 2000 by the International Generation Foundation for authors under 25 years of age writing in Russian. Has seven nominations: “Large prose”, “ Short prose", "Poetry", "Dramaturgy", "Film Story", "Publicism", "Literature of Spiritual Search". The winners in all five categories receive the honorary “Bird” prize.
All-Russian Literary Prize named after St. blg. Prince Alexander Nevsky« Faithful sons of Russia» established by the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra with the blessing of Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga with the support of the Writers' Union of Russia. Awarded in the categories “Poetry”, “Fiction”, “Documentary and journalistic prose”, “Book for children”, “Criticism and literary criticism”, “Magazine and Newspaper”. The commission consists of priests, members of the Writers' Union of Russia. The main principles for determining the winners are: high artistic style based on Orthodox spirituality, professionalism, historical authenticity, and patriotic orientation.
The prize is awarded annually in January. For first places the medal “Literary Prize named after St. Blessed Virgin Mary” is awarded. Book Alexander Nevsky", a certificate and a cash prize of $2,000. For second and third places certificates and cash prizes. The winners who take first place receive the right to become members of the commission for next year. Among the awarded: Yu. Kozlov, E. Yushin.
National Prize named after. A. and B. Strugatsky(ABC Award) was established in 1999 by the “Center for Contemporary Literature and Books” with the assistance of the literary community of St. Petersburg and the support of the administration and Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg. The award encourages “realistic trends in fiction, connections with the past, present and future of real earthly people.”
Prize laureates E. Lukin, V. Mikhailov, M. Uspensky, N. Galkina, S. Lukyanenko, V. Pelevin.
Apollo Grigoriev Prize established in 1997 by the Academy of Russian Contemporary Literature as a “professional expert prize for the best work of the year in all genres, except criticism, literary criticism and cultural studies.” Sponsors of the award are ONEXIMbank (1997), State Bank (since 1998). Nominators are all members of the Academy. A jury is selected by lot (chairmen: 1997 Peter Weil; 1998 Alexander Ageev; 1999 Sergey Chuprinin; 2000 Alla Latynina; 2001 Evgeny Sidorov; 2002 Andrey Nemzer), who determines three laureates, and then announces the winner of the main prize. Monetary support for the main prize is 25 thousand dollars, other laureates are awarded laptops and printers ( workplace writer) in the amount of $2,500 each.
Ivan Petrovich Belkin Prize, established by the publishing house "EXMO" and the magazine "Znamya", the only prize in Russia named after a literary hero, established in 2001. Awarded for the best Russian story of the year. The right to nominate is enjoyed by the editors of newspapers and magazines, creative organizations, as well as professional literary critics. Monetary reward: the laureate 5 thousand dollars, the authors of the remaining four stories included in the short list are rewarded in amounts of 500 dollars. Award coordinator Natalya Ivanova. Chairmen of the jury: in 2001 - Fazil Iskander, in 2002 Leonid Zorin.
« Bronze snail» Established in 1992 by Andrei Nikolaev and Alexander Sidorovich as the personal prize of B.N. Strugatsky (he is the chairman and only member of the prize jury). Awarded in the categories “Large Form”, “Medium Form”, “Small Form”, “Criticism/Publicism” at the traditional annual conferences of science fiction writers, critics, translators, and publishers in Repino near St. Petersburg.
Prize« Northern Palmyra"established in 1994. Awarded by the jury (O. Basilashvili, A. German, Y. Gordin, A. Dodin, A. Panchenko, A. Petrov, B. Strugatsiy, A. Ariev, etc.) for a literary work created in Russian language and published in St. Petersburg, in nominations: poetry; prose; journalism and criticism; book publishing. The sponsors of the award were the Credit Petersburg bank (1995), the St. Petersburg Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1996). According to the regulations, the nomination commission analyzes St. Petersburg literature throughout the year and nominates the most talented works, in its opinion. Upon completion of this work, 7 applicants remain in each section of the award. Voting takes place anonymously, works are not discussed so that jury members do not put pressure on each other.
Literary Prize named after. Alexandra Solzhenitsyn is awarded by the foundation founded by A.I. Solzhenitsyn in 1997 as a reward to Russian writers “whose work has high artistic merit, promotes self-knowledge of Russia, makes a significant contribution to the preservation and careful development of traditions Russian literature" The prize may be awarded for a novel, a story or collection of stories, a book or series of poems, a play, a collection of articles, or research. The permanent jury includes A. Solzhenitsyn, N. Struve, V. Nepomnyashchy, L. Saraskina, P. Basinsky, N. Solzhenitsyn. The monetary amount of the award is 25 thousand dollars.
Triumph. Awarded by the Russian Independent Foundation for the Encouragement of Highest Achievements of Literature and Art, established by JSC LogoVAZ in the summer of 1992. The names of applicants are proposed by members of the jury, as well as experts, and are not announced in advance. The names of the laureates are determined by a permanent jury, which includes V. Aksenov, A. Voznesensky, E. Neizvestny, V. Spivakov, I. Antonova, Yu. Bashmet, A. Bitov, Z. Boguslavskaya (jury coordinator), O. Tabakov, E. Klimov, V. Abdrashitov, E. Maksimova, V. Vasiliev. In 1998, the jury also included D. Borovsky, A. Demidova, M. Zhvanetsky, A. Kozlov, O. Menshikov, V. Pozner, A. Sokurov, I. Churikova. The size of the prizes is set based on a prize fund of 100 thousand dollars, after 1996 250 thousand dollars, and is traditionally divided between five laureates. In addition to the monetary reward, the laureates receive a diploma and a medal with the image of the Arc de Triomphe.
International Sholokhov Prize established in 1993 by the magazine "Young Guard", the publishing house "Modern Writer" (now "Soviet Writer"), MSPS and the writers' joint-stock company. Current founders MSPS, Union of Artists of Russia, publishing house "Soviet Writer", Moscow State Open Pedagogical University named after. M.A. Sholokhova. The permanent chairman of the jury is Yu. Bondarev. The monetary support for the prize is not disclosed; the laureates are awarded diplomas and medals.
National bestseller. Established in 2000 by the National Bestseller Foundation. Prose works in Russian are nominated for the prize. The winner receives a prize of 10 thousand dollars. Among the awarded are M. Shishkin, V. Pelevin, A. Garrosa and A. Evdokimov, A. Prokhanov and L. Yuzefovich.
Prize named after P.P. Bazhov was established in November 1999 on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the writer by the Sverdlovsk branch of the Literary Fund of Russia and the financial and industrial group “Jewelry of the Urals”. The competition has actually stepped beyond the regional framework and acquired the status of an all-Russian one. The prize is awarded annually for achievements in literary activity not only to representatives of the Ural region, but also to writers from other Russian territories for works on Ural themes. Five nominations: “Prose”, “Poetry”, “Drama”, “Literary Studies”, “Publicism”. Each laureate receives a sum of money in the amount of 10 thousand rubles, as well as specially cast gold and silver medals.
Prize named after Boyana established by the Council of Governors of border cities and regions of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. The Regulations on the Prize say that it is “awarded for works that carry the light of Slavic spirituality, rooted in Slavic mythology and folklore and affirming the ideas of friendship and brotherhood of the Slavic peoples.”
Prize named after F.M.Dostoevsky was established by the Writers' Union of Russia together with the Association of Russian Writers of Estonia and the non-profit association “Prize named after. F.M. Dostoevsky." It was first awarded in the year of the 180th anniversary of the writer’s birth. The prize is awarded to writers who have made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of Russian literature and culture, both in Estonia and Russia, and in other countries.
Among the awarded were Valentin Rasputin, Geir Kjotso, Anna Vedernikova, Anatoly Builov, Rostislav Titov, B.N. Tarasov.
Prize named after Igor Severyanin was established by the Russian faction of the Riigikogu and is awarded annually to cultural figures who have made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of Russian cultural life in Estonia and Estonian among the Russian-speaking population of the country.
All-Russian Literary Prize named after Sergei Yesenin« O Rus', flap your wings...» annual open competition works of Russian poets, established by the National Foundation for the Development of Culture and Tourism and the Union of Writers of Russia in 2005. Awarded in four categories: “Big Prize” poetic works (poems and poems) are accepted for the competition, “With a Seeking Look” critical works on Russian poetry, “Song Word” texts of poems set to music (at least 3), “Russian Hope” poetry of young people (18-30 years old). No later than October 3 of the current year, the award committee announces the names of the laureates.
Contest« Scarlet Sails"for the best publications for children and youth was established in 2003 by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Press, Television and Radio Broadcasting and Mass Communications.
As the development of modern literature shows, literary awards have become an integral part of literary life, presenting unique ratings of works and writers. Of course, this method of labeling raises certain criticisms due to the subjectivity of choice, bias (when they choose “their own”), considerations of the political situation, etc. However, despite all the disadvantages, the practice of awarding literary prizes will obviously continue, since it represents a clear and affordable way structuring and evaluating literary works.
Irina Ermakova
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NEWS OF LITERARY PRIZES 2018
Prize winners announced Big Book"2018
On December 4, 2018, in Moscow, at the Pashkov House, where the National Literary Prize “Big Book” is traditionally awarded, members of the Literary Academy announced the winners of the thirteenth season.
First place this year went to the novel “In Memory of Memory” by Maria Stepanova. In second place is "Bureau of Inspection" by Alexander Arkhangelsky, third place went to the novel "June" by Dmitry Bykov.
Writer and playwright Lyudmila Petrushevskaya was awarded for her contribution to literature.
On the eve of the ceremony, the results of the reader's vote were summed up. The winner was the laureate of the prize - “June” by Dmitry Bykov. Second place was awarded to “Recipes for the Creation of the World” by Andrei Filimonov, third place was awarded to the novel “Rainbow and Heather” by Oleg Ermakov.
For the first time, as part of the award ceremony, another award was presented - “_Litblog”. The purpose of this award is to support public discussion of modern literature on the Internet. The HSE Master's program in Literary Excellence, which is the organizer of the award, hopes in this way to bring the literary process closer to the formats of new media. More than 60 authors from all over Russia took part in the competition. The expert council, which included writers Maya Kucherskaya and Marina Stepnova, as well as master’s students, selected 15 finalists.
The winner was Evgenia Lisitsyna, creator of the greenlampbooks telegram channel.
2018 National Bestseller Literary Award Winner Announced.
WriterAlexey Salnikov from Yekaterinburg with the novel “The Petrovs in the Flu and Around It” became the winner of the “National Bestseller” literary award.
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This became known at the award ceremony, which took place on Saturday, May 26, at the New Stage of the Alexandrinsky Theater. Aksenov V. If only there was a daughter Anastasia / Vasily Aksenov. - Moscow: Limbus-Press, 2018. - 532 p. Vasily Ivanovich Aksenov was born in 1953 in the village of Yalan, Yenisei district, Krasnoyarsk region. Since 1974 he has lived and worked in St. Petersburg. Laureate of the Literary Prize named after. Andrey Bely. “If There Was a Daughter Anastasia” is a novel dedicated to Yalani, the distant Siberian village where the author was born. This is a year-long prayer, during which the hero, together with the author, intensely peers at the nature of Siberia, at the change of seasons and at the movements of his own soul. The main nerve of the novel is the relationship between an aging mother and an adult son who has long left his small homeland |
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, but his heart never left her. Maria Labych - Russian writer, born in the city of Rostov-on-Don. Since childhood, I have been interested in painting, graphics and photography. The novel tells about the fate of a girl who finds herself at the center of the confrontation in Donbass. “Bitch” in the name primarily means a female dog that grew up in a kennel and knows how to be faithful and tear the enemy with its teeth. But the bitch is also the girl Dana, a soldier in the Country's army, who is participating in a disgusting civil war. Maria Labych's book is not only about hatred, but also about how important it is to remain human. |
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Petrovsky D. Darling, I'm home: a novel / Dmitry Petrovsky. - Moscow: Fluid FreeFly, 2018. - 384 p. Dmitry Petrovsky - modern writer, screenwriter, publicist. Born in 1983 in Leningrad. At the age of 19 he moved to Berlin, where he still lives and works. Multifaceted, eerie and exciting from the first pages, Dmitry Petrovsky’s novel tells about the past, present and future of European civilization. "Darling, I'm home!" - to whom does the German billionaire, the owner of the largest air carrier, shout every day in the evenings? |
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Salnikov A.B. Petrovs in and around the flu: a novel / Alexey Borisovich Salnikov. — Moscow: AST: Editorial office of Elena Shubina, 2018. — 416 p. — (Cool reading).* Alexey Salnikov was born in 1978 in Tartu. Finalist of "Big Book" and "NOS". Lives in Yekaterinburg. The novel “The Petrovs in the Flu and Around It” is a story about the Petrov family from Yekaterinburg, whose members successively fall ill with the flu and find themselves in a strange semi-magical reality, where mysterious events and transformations happen to them. |
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Starobinets A. Look at him / Anna Starobinets. - Moscow: Corpus, 2017. - 288 p. Anna Starobinets is a Russian writer and journalist, screenwriter. Born in Moscow. The documentary autobiographical book “Look at Him” is about a tragic pregnancy, during which developmental defects incompatible with life were discovered in the child in utero. In her book, Anna Starobinets tells her own story with amazing courage. How should a woman behave so that grief does not break her? What should her family do? And what can doctors and society do for them? |
May 30 at the traditional Literary lunch list of finalists announced National Award"Big Book"-2018.
Chairman of the “Big Book” Literary Academy Dmitry Bak: “In “ Big book“New generations of authors and new directions of works are always presented, and this is very gratifying.” The Council of Experts included eight works in the list of finalists. Among them are works by both famous authors and new, as yet unknown ones. to a wide circle readers.
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Bykov D. June: novel / D. Bykov. - Moscow: AST, Edited by Elena Shubina, 2017. - 512 p. Dmitry Bykov - Russian writer, poet and publicist, literary critic, radio and television presenter, journalist. The new novel is a bright experiment, a literary event. Bykov's novel “June” describes the events in the Soviet Union of 1939-1941. main topic The novel is the life and fate of the pre-war generation, which anticipates an imminent catastrophe. The book is built on three independent plots. The first part is the story of a student who is expelled from the Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History. The hero of the second part is Boris Gordon, a journalist for a Soviet propaganda newspaper, whose beloved is sent to a camp. The third part tells about an elderly philologist who is obsessed with the idea that he can influence Stalin with the help of words. Believing in his theory, he gets a job in the People's Commissariat for an insignificant position in order to prepare an unimportant report for Stalin once a year. |
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Vinokurov A. People of the black dragon / Alexey Vinokurov // Banner. - 2016. - No. 7. - P.8-43.* Alexey Vinokurov - playwright, television scriptwriter. For many years he has been studying modern China, the mystical side of martial arts. Black Dragon, Heilongjiang - this is what the Chinese call the Amur River. On its Russian shore, in the village of Byvaloye, while the revolutionary events of 1917 were playing out in Russia, representatives of three nations at once settled - Russian, Chinese and Jewish. The first golem of the Black River appears, blinded by the Kabbalah expert old Solomon, the girl Xiao Yu becomes a mermaid, Chinese demons of retribution punish cruel murderers, the mysterious wizard Liu Ban teaches the Chinese martial arts, a healer is born in the village, defeating death itself. A lot happens in this little-known place on the shores of the Black Dragon. |
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Ermakov O. Rainbow and Heather: a novel / Oleg Ermakov. - Moscow: Time, 2018. Oleg Ermakov was born in Smolensk. The novel describes events taking place in the 17th century. This work immerses the reader in time travel and mystical secrets. Two private destinies - the Polish nobleman and our contemporary. In the spring of 1632, a young nobleman, Nikolaus Wrzosek, came to the city in the east of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. And in February 2015 - Moscow wedding photographer Pavel Kostochkin. The heroes find the unique Radziwill Chronicle. Both of them peer with curiosity at the outlines of the castle-fortress. What awaits them here? Love awaits both: one - for the granddaughter of an icon painter and herbalist, the other - for someone else's bride. |
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Slavnikova O. Long jump: a novel / Olga Slavnikova // Banner. - 2017. - No. 7. - P. 9-114; No. 8. - P. 7-75.* Olga Slavnikova - prose writer, critic. Heads the Debut literary award. |
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Stepanova M. In memory of memory / Maria Stepanova. - Moscow: New publishing house, 2018. - 420 p. Maria Stepanova is a Russian poet, prose writer and essayist. |
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Filimonov A. Recipes for the creation of the world / Andrey Filimonov. - Moscow: AST, Edited by Elena Shubina, 2017. - 320 p. Andrey Filimonov - writer, poet, journalist. In 2012, he came up with and launched the Traveling Poetry Festival “PlyasNigde” across Russia and Europe. |
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Arkhangelsky A. Verification Bureau: a novel / Alexander Arkhangelsky.- Moscow: AST: Elena Shubina’s editorial office, 2018.-416 p. Alexander Arkhangelsky - prose writer, TV presenter, publicist. In his prose, the story of individual characters always unfolds against the backdrop of familiar signs of the times. The new novel “Bureau of Verification” is a detective story, a story of growing up, a portrait of an era, and the beginning of today’s contradictions. 1980 A mysterious telegram forces graduate student Alexei Nogovitsyn to return from the construction team. The novel takes only nine days, and everything fits into this short period: a love story, religious tossing, watching banned films and interrogations at the KGB. Everything that happens to the hero is not accidental. Someone is testing his strength... |
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"Theater of despair. Desperate Theater" Evgeny Grishkovets - Russian playwright, writer, TV presenter, theater director and film actor, musician. “This voluminous book is written as a biographical story, but the main character of the novel is not a person, or not so much a person as a vocation that moves and leads a person to a goal that is not understood by man” (Evgeniy Grishkovets). |
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Publications marked with "*" are available in the library's collections.
Exists a large number of a wide variety of awards in the field of literature, some of them very prestigious, and some not so much. The main goal of the awards is to highlight a truly unique and outstanding creation from the multitude of literary works. A book that has received an award is usually published in large quantities. And the more famous the prize is, the more people will want to buy this particular book. What awards are the most prestigious?
1. Nobel Prize in Literature
This prestigious award is given annually for achievements in the field of literature. The winners are mainly writers from Europe and the United States, so the award is often criticized for bias. Among Russian authors, Ivan Bunin, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Sholokhov, Joseph Brodsky, Alexander Solzhenitsyn received the Nobel Prize in Literature.
2. Pulitzer Prize
This American prize has been awarded since 1911. The main prize is 10 thousand US dollars. Despite the fact that laureates almost never appear on book bestseller lists, the prize is considered one of the most prestigious in the literary world.
3. Prix Goncourt
The French literary prize has been awarded annually since 1903. According to the statute, the prize can be awarded to any author only once during his lifetime. Over the years, the Prix Goncourt was awarded to Marcel Proust, Simone de Beauvoir, and Alphonse de Chateaubriand.
4. Booker Prize
For many, this prize is the most prestigious in the world of English-language literature. The winner is awarded a check for 50,000 British pounds. Four times in history, Booker laureates have also received the Nobel Prize in Literature.
5. Southeast Asian Literary Award
This international literary prize recognizes the best poetry and prose works by authors from ASEAN countries. The Chairman of the Prize Organizing Committee is the Prince of Thailand, Prem Purachatra.
6. ABS premium
The Arkady and Boris Strugatsky Prize is awarded for the best works of science fiction written in Russian. The award winners are Evgeny Lukin, Kir Bulychev, Dmitry Bykov.
7. Russian Booker
This prize is awarded for the best novel in Russian. The laureates of the Russian Booker were Bulat Okudzhava, Lyudmila Ulitskaya and Vasily Aksenov. Along with the main prize, the “Student Booker” is also awarded, the jury of which includes undergraduate and graduate students.
8. Runet Book Prize
The annual award in the field of literature is presented to laureates selected both by popular vote and by an expert commission.
9. Prize H.K. Andersen
This prize is awarded in the field of children's literature both for the works themselves and for their illustrations. The prize winners were Astrid Lindgren, Tove Jansson, Gianni Rodari.
10. Liberty Award
The award was established in the United States by emigrants from Russia in 1999. It is awarded for contribution to the development of Russian-American culture and strengthening international relations between countries. The laureates were V. Aksenov, M. Epstein, V. Bachanyan, O. Vasiliev.
Material prepared by S.Yu. Goncharuk, methodologist of the State Medical Center of DogM
Dedicated to the great Russian writers.
From October 21 to November 21, 2015, the Library and Information Complex invites you to the exhibition, dedicated to creativity Nobel laureates in literature from Russia and the USSR.
Received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2015 Belarusian writer. The award was awarded to Svetlana Alexievich with the following wording: “For her polyphonic creativity - a monument to suffering and courage in our time.” At the exhibition we also presented works by Svetlana Alexandrovna.
The exhibition can be viewed at the address: Leningradsky Prospekt, 49, 1st floor, room. 100.
The prizes, established by the Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, are considered the most honorable in the world. They are awarded annually (since 1901) for outstanding work in the field of medicine or physiology, physics, chemistry, for literary works, for contributions to strengthening peace, economics (since 1969).
The Nobel Prize in Literature is an award for achievements in the field of literature, awarded annually by the Nobel Committee in Stockholm on December 10. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, the following persons can nominate candidates: members of the Swedish Academy, other academies, institutes and societies with similar tasks and goals; university professors of literary history and linguistics; Nobel Prize laureates in literature; chairmen of authors' unions representing literary creativity in the respective countries.
Unlike laureates of other prizes (for example, physics and chemistry), the decision to award the Nobel Prize in Literature is made by members of the Swedish Academy. The Swedish Academy unites 18 Swedish figures. The Academy includes historians, linguists, writers and one lawyer. They are known in society as "Eighteen". Membership in the academy is for life. After the death of one of the members, the academicians elect a new academician by secret vote. The Academy selects a Nobel Committee from among its members. It is he who deals with the issue of awarding the prize.
Nobel laureates in literature from Russia and the USSR :
- I. A. Bunin(1933 "For the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose")
- B.L. Parsnip(1958 "For significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel")
- M. A. Sholokhov(1965 "For the artistic strength and honesty with which he depicted in his Don epic historical era in the life of the Russian people")
- A. I. Solzhenitsyn(1970 "For the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature")
- I. A. Brodsky(1987 "For comprehensive creativity, imbued with clarity of thought and passion of poetry")
Russian literature laureates are people with different, sometimes opposing, views. I. A. Bunin and A. I. Solzhenitsyn are staunch opponents Soviet power, and M.A. Sholokhov, on the contrary, is a communist. However, what they have in common is the main thing - undoubted talent, for which they were awarded Nobel Prizes.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is a famous Russian writer and poet, an outstanding master of realistic prose, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1920, Bunin emigrated to France.
The most difficult thing for a writer in exile is to remain himself. It happens that, having left his homeland due to the need to make dubious compromises, he is again forced to kill his spirit in order to survive. Fortunately, Bunin escaped this fate. Despite any trials, Bunin always remained true to himself.
In 1922, Ivan Alekseevich’s wife, Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, wrote in her diary that Romain Rolland nominated Bunin for the Nobel Prize. From then on, Ivan Alekseevich lived with hopes that someday he would be awarded this prize. 1933 On November 10, all newspapers in Paris came out with large headlines: “Bunin - Nobel laureate.” Every Russian in Paris, even the loader at the Renault plant, who had never read Bunin, took this as a personal holiday. Because my compatriot turned out to be the best, the most talented! In the Parisian taverns and restaurants that evening there were Russians, who sometimes drank for “one of their own” with their last pennies.
On the day the prize was awarded, November 9, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin watched the “cheerful stupidity” “Baby” in the cinema. Suddenly the darkness of the hall was cut through by a narrow beam of a flashlight. They were looking for Bunin. He was called by telephone from Stockholm.
"And immediately all my old life. I walk home quite quickly, but feeling nothing but regret that I wasn’t able to watch the movie. But no. It’s impossible not to believe: the whole house is glowing with lights. And my heart contracts with some kind of sadness... Some kind of turning point in my life,” recalled I. A. Bunin.
Exciting days in Sweden. In the concert hall, in the presence of the king, after the report of the writer, member of the Swedish Academy Peter Hallström on the work of Bunin, he was presented with a folder with a Nobel diploma, a medal and a check for 715 thousand French francs.
When presenting the award, Bunin noted that the Swedish Academy acted very bravely by awarding the emigrant writer. Among the contenders for this year’s prize was another Russian writer, M. Gorky, however, largely thanks to the publication of the book “The Life of Arsenyev” by that time, the scales nevertheless tipped in the direction of Ivan Alekseevich.
Returning to France, Bunin feels rich and, sparing no expense, distributes “benefits” to emigrants and donates funds to support various societies. Finally, on the advice of well-wishers, he invests the remaining amount in a “win-win business” and is left with nothing.
Bunin’s friend, poet and prose writer Zinaida Shakhovskaya, in her memoir book “Reflection,” noted: “With skill and a small amount of practicality, the prize should have been enough to last. But the Bunins did not buy either an apartment or a villa...”
Unlike M. Gorky, A. I. Kuprin, A. N. Tolstoy, Ivan Alekseevich did not return to Russia, despite the admonitions of the Moscow “messengers”. I never came to my homeland, not even as a tourist.
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (1890-1960) was born in Moscow into a family famous artist Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. Mother, Rosalia Isidorovna, was a talented pianist. Maybe that’s why, as a child, the future poet dreamed of becoming a composer and even studied music with Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin. However, the love of poetry won out. B. L. Pasternak's fame was brought by his poetry, and his bitter trials by "Doctor Zhivago", a novel about the fate of the Russian intelligentsia.
The editors of the literary magazine, to which Pasternak offered the manuscript, considered the work anti-Soviet and refused to publish it. Then the writer transferred the novel abroad, to Italy, where it was published in 1957. The very fact of publication in the West was sharply condemned by Soviet creative colleagues, and Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union. However, it was Doctor Zhivago that made Boris Pasternak a Nobel laureate. The writer was nominated for the Nobel Prize starting in 1946, but was awarded it only in 1958, after the release of the novel. The conclusion of the Nobel Committee says: "... for significant achievements both in modern lyric poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition."
At home, the award of such an honorary prize to an “anti-Soviet novel” aroused the indignation of the authorities, and under the threat of deportation from the country, the writer was forced to refuse the award. Only 30 years later, his son, Evgeniy Borisovich Pasternak, received a diploma and a Nobel laureate medal for his father.
The fate of another Nobel laureate, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, is no less dramatic. He was born in 1918 in Kislovodsk, and his childhood and youth were spent in Novocherkassk and Rostov-on-Don. After graduating from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Rostov University, A.I. Solzhenitsyn taught and at the same time studied by correspondence at the Literary Institute in Moscow. When did the Great Patriotic War, future writer went to the front.
Shortly before the end of the war, Solzhenitsyn was arrested. The reason for the arrest was critical remarks against Stalin, found by military censorship in Solzhenitsyn's letters. He was released after Stalin's death (1953). In 1962 the magazine " New world"published his first story, “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich,” which tells about the life of prisoners in the camp. Literary magazines refused to publish most of the subsequent works. There was only one explanation: anti-Soviet orientation. However, the writer did not give up and sent the manuscripts abroad, where they were published. Alexander Isaevich He did not limit himself to literary activities - he fought for the freedom of political prisoners in the USSR, and sharply criticized the Soviet system.
The literary works and political position of A. I. Solzhenitsyn were well known abroad, and in 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. The writer did not go to Stockholm for the award ceremony: he was not allowed to leave the country. Representatives of the Nobel Committee, who wanted to present the prize to the laureate at home, were not allowed into the USSR.
In 1974, A.I. Solzhenitsyn was expelled from the country. First he lived in Switzerland, then moved to the USA, where, with a significant delay, he was awarded the Nobel Prize. Such works as “In the First Circle”, “The Gulag Archipelago”, “August 1914”, “Cancer Ward” were published in the West. In 1994, A. Solzhenitsyn returned to his homeland, traveling across all of Russia, from Vladivostok to Moscow.
The fate of Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov, the only one Russian laureates Nobel Prize in Literature, who was supported government bodies. M. A. Sholokhov (1905-1980) was born in the south of Russia, on the Don - in the center of the Russian Cossacks. He later described his small homeland - the village of Kruzhilin in the village of Veshenskaya - in many works. Sholokhov graduated from only four classes of the gymnasium. He actively participated in the events of the civil war, led a food detachment that took away the so-called surplus grain from rich Cossacks.
Already in his youth, the future writer felt a penchant for literary creativity. In 1922, Sholokhov came to Moscow, and in 1923 he began publishing his first stories in newspapers and magazines. In 1926, the collections “Don Stories” and “ Azure steppe". Work on "Quiet Don" - a novel about the life of the Don Cossacks in the era of the Great Turning Point (First World War, revolutions and Civil War) - began in 1925. In 1928, the first part of the novel was published, and Sholokhov completed it in the 30s. " Quiet Don"became the pinnacle of the writer's creativity, and in 1965 he was awarded the Nobel Prize "for the artistic strength and completeness with which he depicted the historical phase in the life of the Russian people in his epic work about the Don." "Quiet Don" has been translated into 45 countries around the world. several dozen languages.
By the time he received the Nobel Prize, Joseph Brodsky’s bibliography included six collections of poems, the poem “Gorbunov and Gorchakov”, the play “Marble”, and many essays (written mainly in English). However, in the USSR, from where the poet was expelled in 1972, his works were distributed mainly in samizdat, and he received the prize while already a citizen of the United States of America.
A spiritual connection with his homeland was important to him. He kept Boris Pasternak's tie as a relic and even wanted to wear it to the Nobel Prize ceremony, but protocol rules did not allow it. Nevertheless, Brodsky still came with Pasternak’s tie in his pocket. After perestroika, Brodsky was invited to Russia more than once, but he never came to his homeland, which rejected him. “You can’t step into the same river twice, even if it’s the Neva,” he said.
From Nobel lecture Brodsky: “A person with taste, in particular literary taste, is less susceptible to repetition and rhythmic spells characteristic of any form of political demagoguery. The point is not so much that virtue is no guarantee of a masterpiece, but that evil, especially political evil, is always a poor stylist. The richer the aesthetic experience of an individual, the firmer his taste, the clearer his moral choice, the freer he is - although perhaps not happier. It is in this applied rather than platonic sense that one should understand Dostoevsky’s remark that “beauty will save the world,” or Matthew Arnold’s statement that “poetry will save us.” The world probably won’t be able to be saved, but an individual can always be saved.”
