Description of Matryona. Essay on the topic "Matrona - a touching image" in the story "Matrona's yard"

To Central Russia. Thanks to new trends, a recent prisoner is now not refused to become a school teacher in the Vladimir village of Miltsevo (in the story - Talnovo). Solzhenitsyn settles in the hut of a local resident, Matryona Vasilievna, a woman of about sixty who is often ill. Matryona has neither a husband nor children. Her loneliness is brightened up only by the ficus trees planted throughout the house and a languid cat picked out of pity. (See Description of Matryona's house.)

With warm, lyrical sympathy, A.I. Solzhenitsyn describes the difficult life of Matryona. For many years she has not earned a single ruble. On the collective farm, Matryona works “for the sticks of workdays in the accountant’s dirty book.” The law that came out after Stalin’s death finally gives her the right to seek a pension, but not for herself, but for the loss of her husband who went missing at the front. To do this, you need to collect a bunch of certificates, and then take them many times to social services and the village council, 10-20 kilometers away. Matryona's hut is full of mice and cockroaches that cannot be removed. The only livestock she keeps is a goat, and feeds mainly on “kartovy” (potatoes) no larger than chicken egg: a sandy, unfertilized garden does not produce it larger. But even in such need, Matryona remains a bright person, with a radiant smile. Her work helps her to maintain her good spirits - trips to the forest for peat (with a two-pound sack on her shoulder for three kilometers), cutting hay for the goat, and chores around the house. Due to old age and illness, Matryona has already been released from the collective farm, but the formidable wife of the chairman every now and then orders her to help at work for free. Matryona easily agrees to help her neighbors in their gardens without money. Having received a pension of 80 rubles from the state, she buys herself new felt boots and a coat from a worn railway overcoat - and believes that her life has noticeably improved.

“Matryona Dvor” - the house of Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova in the village of Miltsevo, Vladimir region, the setting of the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn

Soon Solzhenitsyn will learn the story of Matryona’s marriage. In her youth, she was going to marry her neighbor Thaddeus. However, in 1914 he was taken to the German war - and he disappeared into obscurity for three years. Without waiting for news from the groom, in the belief that he was dead, Matryona went to marry Thaddeus’s brother, Efim. But a few months later, Thaddeus returned from Hungarian captivity. In his hearts, he threatened to chop Matryona and Efim with an ax, then he cooled down and took another Matryona, from a neighboring village, as his wife. They lived next door to her. Thaddeus was known in Talnovo as a domineering, stingy man. He constantly beat his wife, although he had six children from her. Matryona and Efim also had six, but none of them lived for more than three months. Efim, having left for another war in 1941, did not return from it. Friendly with Thaddeus’s wife, Matryona begged her youngest daughter, Kira, raised her for ten years as if she were her own, and shortly before Solzhenitsyn arrived in Talnovo, she married her to a locomotive driver in the village of Cherusti. Matryona told Alexander Isaevich the story about her two suitors herself, worrying like a young woman.

Kira and her husband had to get a plot of land in Cherusty, and for this they had to quickly erect some kind of building. Old Thaddeus in winter suggested moving the upper room there, attached to Matryonina's house. Matryona was already going to bequeath this room to Kira (and her three sisters were aiming for the house). Under the persistent persuasion of the greedy Thaddeus Matryon, after two sleepless nights During her lifetime she agreed, having broken part of the roof of the house, to dismantle the upper room and transport it to Cherusti. In front of the hostess and Solzhenitsyn, Thaddeus and his sons and sons-in-law came to Matryonin's yard, the axes clattered, the boards creaked as they were being torn off, and the room was dismantled into logs. Matryona's three sisters, having learned how she succumbed to Thaddeus's persuasion, unanimously called her a fool.

Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova - prototype main character story

A tractor was brought from Cherusti. The logs from the upper room were loaded onto two sleighs. The fat-faced tractor driver, in order not to make an extra trip, announced that he would pull two sleighs at once - it was more profitable for him in terms of money. The disinterested Matryona herself, fussing about, helped load the logs. Already in the dark, the tractor with difficulty pulled a heavy load from the mother’s yard. The restless worker didn’t stay at home either - she ran away with everyone to help along the way.

She was no longer destined to return alive... At a railway crossing, the cable of an overloaded tractor broke. The tractor driver and Thaddeus’s son rushed to get along with him, and Matryona was carried there with them. At this time, two coupled locomotives approached the crossing, backwards and without turning on the lights. Suddenly flying in, they smashed to death all three who were busy at the cable, mutilated the tractor, and fell off the rails themselves. A fast train with a thousand passengers approaching the crossing almost crashed.

At dawn, from the crossing, everything that was left of Matryona was brought back on a sled under a dirty bag thrown over it. The body had no legs, no half torso, no left arm. But the face remained intact, calm, more alive than dead. One woman crossed herself and said:

“The Lord left her her right hand.” There will be a prayer to God...

The village began to gather for the funeral. Female relatives wailed over the coffin, but self-interest was evident in their words. And it was not hidden that Matryona’s sisters and her husband’s relatives were preparing for a fight for the deceased’s inheritance, for her an old house. Only Thaddeus’s wife and pupil Kira wept sincerely. Thaddeus himself, who had lost his once beloved woman and son in that disaster, was clearly only thinking about how to save those scattered in the crash. railway upper room logs. Asking for permission to return them, he kept rushing from the coffins to the station and village authorities.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn in the village of Miltsevo (in the story - Talnovo). October 1956

On Sunday Matryona and son Thaddeus were buried. The wake has passed. In the coming days, Thaddeus pulled out a barn and a fence from his mother’s sisters, which he and his sons immediately dismantled and transported on a sled. Alexander Isaevich moved in with one of Matryona’s sisters-in-law, who often and always spoke with contemptuous regret about her cordiality, simplicity, about how “stupid she was, she helped strangers for free,” “she didn’t chase after money and didn’t even keep a pig.” For Solzhenitsyn, it was precisely from these disparaging words that he emerged new image Matryona, as he was, did not understand her, even living side by side with her. This non-covetous woman, a stranger to her sisters, funny to her sisters-in-law, who had not accumulated property before her death, buried six children, but did not have a sociable disposition, felt sorry for a lanky cat, and once at night during a fire she rushed to save not a hut, but her beloved ficus trees - and there is that very righteous man, without which, according to the proverb, the village cannot stand.

Analyze this passage. Think about what character traits and inner world Are the Matryonas revealed in the work Matrenin Dvor?

The given fragment reveals best features the heroine's nature: her patience, kindness, independence, mental fortitude, hard work.

Solzhenitsyn’s Matryona was accustomed to relying only on herself; she worked on a collective farm for a quarter of a century, however, being sick, she never registered for disability and did not obtain a pension “for her husband.” But, despite all the hardships and adversities, she did not lose her spiritual sensitivity and desire to live according to her conscience. A.I. Solzhenitsyn manages to create this image with the help of various artistic means. The heroine's appearance may be inconspicuous, but an inner light emanates from her soul. The author manages to convey this with the help of the epithets “enlightened”, “with a kind smile”. One gets the impression that Matryona is a holy person who lives exclusively according to the laws of morality.

An important means of creating the image of Matryona is also speech characteristic. The author saturates the heroine’s remarks with dialect words (for example, “letos”) and vernacular (“tepericha”, “skolischa”). In general, these lexical means give Matryona’s speech figurativeness, poetry, and expressiveness. The words “duel”, “kartov”, “lyubota”, sounding from the lips of a simple Russian woman, take on a special meaning. Such word creation testifies to the heroine’s talent, her closeness to folklore traditions, to people's life.

Matryona is a real hard worker. Her whole life is filled with troubles and labors. The heroine does not sit idle for a minute, despite senile infirmity and illness. She finds solace in work: digging potatoes, picking berries. And thereby regains his good mood. The author's description of Matryona includes verbs with the meaning of movement (“walked,” “returned,” “digged”).

The writer in this story denotes the confrontation between the individual and the state: his heroine, trying to defend her rights, faces insurmountable bureaucratic barriers. According to the author, this state is indifferent to the fate common man. Talking about how the heroine achieves her pension, the author uses the technique of syntactic parallelism in the narrative: “go again,” “the third day go again,” “the fourth day go because...” So the writer once again emphasizes the heroine’s perseverance and perseverance in achieving her “ righteous" goal. The peculiarities of Matryona’s speech are also conveyed using incomplete sentences, inversions. These syntactic devices help the author show the emotionality and spontaneity of a village woman.

Matryona reminds us of the heroines N.A. Nekrasova. Let us remember Matryona Timofeevna from the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia.” Heroine A.I. Solzhenitsyn is similar to her with her pure peasant soul. This is an honest, fair, but poor, unhappy woman; a man of a selfless soul, absolutely unrequited, humble; righteous woman, without whom, according to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, “a village is not worth it.” So multifaceted amazing image The writer manages to create a Russian peasant woman using various artistic means.

"Matrenin's yard" An old village woman who lives alone and does not receive support from anyone, but who constantly and selflessly helps people.

History of creation

Solzhenitsyn wrote the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” in 1959, and the first publication took place in 1963 in literary magazine « New world" Solzhenitsyn initially gave the story the title “A Village Is Not Standing Without a Righteous Man,” but the magazine’s editors insisted on changing the title so as not to encounter problems with censorship.

The writer began working on the story in the summer of 1959, when he was visiting friends in one of the Crimean villages. By winter the story was already over. In 1961, the author sent the story to Alexander Tvardovsky, editor-in-chief of the Novy Mir magazine, but he considered that the story should not be published. The manuscript was discussed and put aside for a while.

Meanwhile, Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” was published, which had big success from the reading public. After this, Tvardovsky decided to once again discuss with the editor the possibility of releasing “Matryona’s Dvor”, and the story began to be prepared for publication. The title of the story was changed before publication at the insistence of the editor-in-chief, but this did not save the text from the wave of controversy that arose in the Soviet press after the publication of the magazine.

Solzhenitsyn's creativity for a long time was kept silent, and only in the late 80s of the twentieth century the writer’s texts began to be published again in the USSR. “Matrenin’s Dvor” was Solzhenitsyn’s first story to be published after a long break. The story was published in the Ogonyok magazine in 1989 with a huge circulation of three million copies, but the publication was not agreed upon with the author, so Solzhenitsyn called it “pirated.”

The story "Matrenin's yard"

The full name of the heroine is Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva. This is a lonely woman of sixty years old, a poor widow, in whose house there was not even a radio. When Matryona was 19 years old, a neighbor's boy Thaddeus wooed her, but the wedding did not take place because the First World War began. World War, Thaddeus was taken to fight, and he went missing.

Three years later, the heroine marries Efim, Thaddeus’s younger brother. And after the wedding, it suddenly turns out that Thaddeus is alive - he is returning home from captivity. However, there is no scandal. Thaddeus forgives his brother and his failed wife and marries another girl.

Matryona's husband disappeared at the beginning of World War II, and twelve years have passed since then at the time of the story. At the same time, Efim probably did not die, but simply took advantage of the situation so as not to return to his unloved wife, and after the war he lived somewhere else with another woman.

Thaddeus is left with his youngest daughter, Kira, whom the lonely Matryona takes in to raise. The girl lives with the heroine for ten years, and she takes care of Kira as if she were her own, and shortly before the tenant arrives, she marries her to a young driver in another village.

The heroine lives alone in the village of Talnovo somewhere in the central zone of the USSR. No one helps the elderly woman, Matryona has no one to talk to. At one time, the heroine had six children, but one after another they died in infancy.

The only person in the entire village with whom Matryona communicated was her friend Masha. They had been close friends since their youth. Masha was sincerely attached to Matryona and came to look after the goat and the hut when the heroine herself was ill. Matryona still has three relatives younger sisters, who were little interested in the fate of the heroine.

The heroine wears “vague dark rags” and “senile faded handkerchiefs” and looks sick and tortured. Matryona has the roundish, wrinkled face of an unhealthy yellow color and dull pale blue eyes. From time to time, the heroine experiences attacks of an unknown illness, when Matryona cannot get out of bed or even move for two or three days. During such periods, the heroine does not eat or drink, does not receive any medical care, but does not complain about serious condition, just waiting out the next “attack”.

The heroine worked on the collective farm until the end, and Matryona was released from there only when she became completely ill. At the same time, the old woman was not paid a pension, Matryona had no opportunity to earn money, and her relatives rarely remembered heroin and practically did not help. The heroine's life improved when she got a tenant - in fact, the narrator on whose behalf the story is told. The narrator pays the heroine to stay, plus that same winter, Matryona begins to receive a pension for the first time in her life, and the old woman has money.

Having acquired money, the heroine orders new felt boots, buys a padded jacket, and orders a coat from a worn railway overcoat to be sewn from a village tailor. He sews the heroine a “nice coat” with a cotton lining, which the heroine has never seen in “six decades.”

The heroine’s house is old and small, but the narrator is quite comfortable in it. In the house, the woman keeps many ficus trees in pots and tubs, which “fill the loneliness” of the heroine.

For all her loneliness, Matryona is a sociable woman by nature, simple and warm-hearted, tactful and delicate. The heroine does not annoy the tenant with questions and does not interfere with his work in the evenings. The narrator notes that Matryona never even asked if he was married. While busy around the house, Matryona tries not to make noise so as not to disturb the guest.

The heroine lives modestly and in harmony with her own conscience. At the same time, Matryona has little interest in housekeeping and does not strive to equip the house. She doesn’t keep livestock because she doesn’t like to feed them, she doesn’t take care of things, but she doesn’t strive to acquire them, she’s indifferent to clothes and her own external image. Of the entire household, Matryona had only a dirty white goat and a cat, which the heroine took in out of pity, because the cat was old and lame. The heroine milks the goat and gets hay for it.

Despite the fact that the heroine is not preoccupied with housekeeping and is indifferent to her own life, she never spares either property or her own labor and willingly helps to strangers just like that, without asking for money for it. In the evening, a neighbor could come to the heroine or distant relative and demand that Matryona go in the morning to help dig potatoes - and the woman resignedly went to do what she was told. At the same time, the heroine does not envy other people’s wealth, does not want anything for herself and refuses to take for own work money.

The heroine works hard so as not to think about misfortunes. Matryona gets up at four or five in the morning, walks around with a sack of peat and works in the garden, where she exclusively grows potatoes. At the same time, the heroine’s land is not fertile, sandy, and for some reason Matryona does not want to fertilize and put the garden in order, nor does she want to grow anything there other than potatoes. But he goes to distant forest picks berries and carries bundles of firewood - in the summer on himself, in the winter on a sled. Despite the difficult and unsettled life, Matryona herself considered herself happy man.

Matryona is a superstitious and probably religious woman, but the heroine is never seen praying or crossing herself in public. The heroine experiences an incomprehensible fear of trains, and is also afraid of fires and lightning. Matryona’s speech contains rare and outdated words; this is “folk speech”, filled with dialectisms and expression. Despite her lack of education, the heroine loves music and enjoys listening to romances on the radio. Matryona's difficult biography ends tragic death under the wheels of the train.

Quotes

“We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.”

“She didn’t announce what for breakfast, and it was easy to guess: unhusked cardboard soup, or cardboard soup (that’s how everyone in the village pronounced it), or barley porridge (you couldn’t buy any other cereal that year at Torfoprodukt, and even barley in battle - as the cheapest one, they fattened pigs and took them in bags).”

“Then I learned that crying over the deceased is not just crying, but a kind of politics. Matryona’s three sisters flew in, seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat, and explained to everyone who came that they were the only ones close to Matryona.”

To the number best works A. I. Solzhenitsyn undoubtedly refers to the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” about a simple Russian woman with a difficult fate. Many trials befell her, but until the end of her days the heroine retained in her soul a love of life, boundless kindness, and a willingness to sacrifice herself for the well-being of others. The article offers the reader a description of the image of Matryona.

“Matrenin’s Dvor”: the real basis of the work

He wrote his own in 1959 and at first called it “A village is not worth it without a righteous man” (for censorship reasons the title was later changed). The prototype of the main character was Matryona Timofeevna Zakharova, a resident of the village of Miltsevo, located in the Vladimir region. The writer lived with her during his teaching years after returning from the camps. Therefore, the feelings and thoughts of the narrator largely reflect the views of the author himself, from the first day, as he admitted, he felt something dear and close to his heart in the house of a woman he did not know. Why this became possible can be explained by Matryona's characteristics.

“Matrenin Dvor”: first acquaintance with the heroine

The narrator was brought to Grigorieva’s house when all options for apartments for settlement had already been considered. The fact is that Matryona Vasilievna lived alone in an old house. All her property consisted of a bed, a table, benches and her favorite ficus trees. Moreover, a lanky cat, which a woman picked up on the street out of pity, and a goat. She did not receive a pension, since on the collective farm she was given sticks instead of workdays. I could no longer work due to health reasons. Then, however, with great difficulty I received a pension for the loss of my husband. At the same time, she always silently came to the aid of everyone who turned to her, and did not take anything for her work. This is the first characteristic of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor”. To this we can add that the peasant woman also did not know how to cook, although the tenant was not picky and did not complain. And a couple of times a month she was attacked by severe illness, when the woman could not even stand up. But even at these moments she did not complain, and even tried not to moan, so as not to disturb the tenant. The author especially emphasizes blue eyes and a radiant smile - a symbol of openness and kindness.

The difficult fate of the heroine

Life history helps to better understand a person. Without her, the characterization of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Court” will be incomplete.

The peasant woman did not have her own children: all six died in infancy. She did not marry for love: she waited for the groom from the front for several years, and then agreed to become the wife of his younger brother - the time was difficult, and there were not enough hands in the family. Soon after the wedding of the newlyweds, Thaddeus returned, who never forgave Efim and Matryona. It was believed that he placed a curse on them, and later the heroine’s husband would die in World War II. And the woman will take Kira into her upbringing, youngest daughter Thaddeus, and will give her love and care. The narrator learned about all this from the hostess, and she suddenly appeared before him in a new appearance. Even then, the narrator realized how far his first characterization of Matryona was from reality.

Meanwhile, Matryona's court began to attract the attention of Thaddeus, who wanted to take the dowry assigned to Kira by her adoptive mother. This part of the upper room will be the cause of the heroine’s death.

Live for others

Matryona Vasilievna had long foreseen trouble. The author describes her suffering when it turned out that during her baptism someone had taken her pot of holy water. Then suddenly, before the room was dismantled, the hostess didn’t seem like herself at all. The collapse of the roof meant the end of her life. Such little things made up the heroine’s whole life, which she lived not for herself, but for the sake of others. And when Matryona Vasilyevna went with everyone else, she also wanted to help. Sincere, open, not embittered by the injustices of life. She accepted everything as destined by fate and never complained. Matryona's characterization leads to this conclusion.

“Matrenin’s Dvor” ends with a description of the heroine’s funeral scene. She plays an important role in understanding how different this peasant woman was from the people who surrounded her. The narrator notes with pain that the sisters and Thaddeus immediately began to divide the mistress’s meager property. And even a friend, as if she was sincerely experiencing the loss, managed to grab herself a blouse. Against the backdrop of everything that was happening, the narrator suddenly remembered the living Matryona, so unlike everyone else. And I realized: she is the righteous man without whom not a single village can stand. What a village there is - the whole land is ours. This is proven by the life and characteristics of Matryona.

“Matryona’s Dvor” contains the author’s regret that during his lifetime he (as well as others) could not fully understand the greatness of this woman. Therefore, one can perceive Solzhenitsyn’s work as a kind of repentance to the heroine for one’s own and others’ spiritual blindness.

One more point is indicative. On the heroine's mutilated body, her bright face and right hand. “He will pray for us in the next world,” said one of the women in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor.” The characterization of Matryona, therefore, makes us think about the fact that there are people living nearby who are capable of preserving human dignity, kindness, humility. And partly thanks to them, such concepts as empathy, compassion, and mutual assistance still exist in our world, filled with cruelty.

In 1963, one of the stories of the Russian thinker and humanist Alexander Solzhenitsyn was published. It is based on events from the author’s biography. The publication of his books has always caused a huge resonance not only in the Russian-speaking society, but also among Western readers. But the image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” is unique. Nothing like this before village prose did not have. And therefore this work took a special place in Russian literature.

Plot

The story is told from the author's perspective. A certain teacher and former camp inmate goes in the summer of 1956 at random, wherever his eyes look. His goal is to get lost somewhere in the dense Russian outback. Despite the ten years he spent in the camp, the hero of the story still hopes to find a job and teach. He succeeds. He settles in the village of Talnovo.

The image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” begins to take shape even before her appearance. A random acquaintance helps the main character find shelter. After a long and unsuccessful search, he offers to go to Matryona, warning that “she lives in a desolate place and is sick.” They are heading towards her.

Matryona's Domain

The house is old and rotten. It had been built many years ago for a large family, but now it was inhabited only by one woman of about sixty. Without a description of the poor life of the village, the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” would not be so insightful. The image of Matryona - the heroine of the story - fully corresponds to the atmosphere of desolation that reigned in the hut. Yellow, sickly face, tired eyes...

The house is full of mice. Among its inhabitants, in addition to the owner herself, are cockroaches and a lanky cat.

The image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” is the basis of the story. Starting from it, the author reveals his peace of mind and depicts character traits other characters.

From the main character the narrator learns about her difficult fate. She lost her husband at the front. She lived her entire life alone. Later, her guest finds out that for many years she has not received a penny: she works not for money, but for sticks.

She was not happy with the tenant and tried to persuade him for some time to find a cleaner and more comfortable house. But the guest’s desire to find a quieter place determined the choice: he stayed with Matryona.

While the teacher was staying with her, the old woman got up before dark and prepared a simple breakfast. And it seemed that some meaning appeared in Matryona’s life.

Peasant image

The image of Matryona in the story “Matryona's Dvor” is an amazingly rare combination of selflessness and hard work. This woman has been working for half a century, not to make a living, but out of habit. Because he cannot imagine any other existence.

It should be said that the fate of the peasantry always attracted Solzhenitsyn, since his ancestors belonged to this class. And he believed that it was precisely the hard work, sincerity and generosity that distinguished the representatives of this social stratum. This is confirmed by the sincere, truthful image of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor”.

Fate

In intimate conversations in the evenings, the landlady tells the tenant the story of her life. Efim’s husband died in the war, but first his brother wooed her. She agreed and was listed as his fiancée, but during World War II he went missing and she did not wait for him. She married Efim. But Thaddeus returned.

Not a single child of Matryona survived. And then she became a widow.

Its end is tragic. She dies due to her naivety and kindness. This event ends the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. The image of the righteous Matryona is sadder because, despite all her good qualities, she remains misunderstood by her fellow villagers.

Loneliness

Matryona lived in big house all my life alone, except for a short time female happiness, which was destroyed by the war. And also those years during which she raised Thaddeus’s daughter. He married her namesake and they had six children. Matryona asked him to raise a girl, which he did not refuse. But also stepdaughter left her.

The image of Matryona in A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor” is amazing. Neither eternal poverty, nor insults, nor all kinds of oppression destroy it. The best way It was a job for the woman to regain her good spirits. And after the work, she became satisfied, enlightened, with a kind smile.

The last righteous woman

She knew how to rejoice in someone else's happiness. Having not accumulated goodness throughout her life, she did not become bitter, and retained the ability to sympathize. Not a single hard work in the village could be done without her participation. Despite her illness, she helped other women, harnessed herself to the plow, forgetting about her old age and the illness that had tormented her for more than twenty years.

This woman never refused anything to her relatives, and her inability to preserve her own “goods” led to the fact that she lost her upper room - her only property, apart from the old rotten house. The image of Matryona in the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn personifies selflessness and virtue, which for some reason did not evoke either respect or response from others.

Thaddeus

Righteous female character contrasted with her failed husband Thaddeus, without whom there would be incomplete system images "Matrenin's Dvor" is a story in which, in addition to the main character, there are other persons. But Thaddeus is a clear contrast to the main character. Returning from the front alive, he did not forgive his fiancee for betrayal. Although, it should be said that she did not love his brother, but only pitied him. Understanding that it is difficult for his family without a mistress. The death of Matryona at the end of the story is a consequence of the stinginess of Thaddeus and his relatives. Avoiding unnecessary expenses, they decided to transport the room faster, but did not have time, as a result of which Matryona was hit by a train. Only the right hand remained intact. But even after terrible events Thaddeus looks at her dead body indifferently, indifferently.

There are also many sorrows and disappointments in the fate of Thaddeus, but the difference between the two characters is that Matryona was able to save her soul, but he was not. After her death, the only thing he cares about is Matrenino’s meager property, which he immediately drags into his house. Thaddeus does not come to the wake.

The image of Holy Rus', which poets so often sang, dissipates with her departure. A village cannot stand without a righteous man. The image of Matryona, the heroine in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor,” is a remnant of the Russian pure soul, which is still alive, but already on its last legs. Because righteousness and kindness are valued less and less in Russia.

The story, as already said, is based on real events. The only difference is in the name settlement and some little things. The heroine's name was actually Matryona. She lived in one of the villages of the Vladimir region, where the author spent 1956-1957. It was planned to turn her house into a museum in 2011. But Matrenin's yard burned down. In 2013, the house-museum was restored.

The work was first published in the literary magazine “New World”. Solzhenitsyn's previous story caused a positive reaction. The story of the righteous woman gave rise to many disputes and discussions. And yet, critics had to admit that the story was created by a great and truthful artist, capable of returning it to the people native language and continue the traditions of Russian classical literature.