What can be drawn simple. What is composition and why is it so important in drawing? Why is it so difficult to draw from imagination? Here's how to do it

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Parents are touched by our first children's naive drawings. Growing up, we, yesterday's authors of ridiculous scribbles, feel the desire to display the fabulous beauty of the world, a small part of which we managed to comprehend, without using such technical means as video and photographic equipment, wondering how to learn to draw certain objects.

The most accessible painting technique for the amateur artist is pencil drawings. At the same time, the process of drawing is a kind of stimulator of brain activity. And art therapy itself is recognized as an effective preventive and rehabilitative tool for relieving stress and overcoming emotional emptiness.

To create your first full-fledged drawing from life, a sheet of paper, a clean eraser and a simple pencil are enough. It is best to start learning to draw by bringing small, static objects to life. For example, you can choose a household appliance or some kitchen utensils.

The first step is to create a rough sketch of the displayed object, angle or pose. With the help of a sketch, you capture the first impression, what you are trying to convey in the drawing. To create a full-fledged image of an object in your imagination, you need to carefully examine it from all sides, paying attention to the shape, the material from which it is made, as well as the shadow it casts.

After this, the composition of the drawing is determined. Simply put, you decide in what place on an improvised canvas - a sheet of paper the object will be displayed, from what angle it will be written, and on what scale. Having completed the sketch, the artist begins to draw the details. On final stage you should apply shadows.

Basic pencil drawing techniques

How to quickly learn to draw with a pencil? To do this you will have to master a special technique. pencil drawings. Most often, when creating pencil drawings, techniques such as shading and shading are used. The easiest way for beginners to master shading. It should be noted that in art schools the emphasis is on teaching shading techniques, considering shading to be less complete.

Hatching

How to learn to draw with a pencil using shading? It is performed by sequentially applying short, shallow parallel lines with a pencil to the surface to be painted, placing them at a short distance. At the same time, when finishing a line, it is important to tear the pencil off the paper, and not to lead its pointed tip in a zigzag to the beginning of the next line, leaving a visible mark. The area of ​​the drawing is hatched strictly in one chosen direction.

Hatching helps to change the saturation of the tone of the picture. To do this, the artist changes the frequency of strokes and the direction of the hatching, choosing between vertical, horizontal and diagonal strokes. To increase the depth of color, they resort to applying cross strokes of different directions. If necessary, to convey the surface relief, you can use strokes of indirect lines - arcuate or broken.

Hatching is ideal for displaying tones and shadows and surface texture. However, it is considered relatively difficult for beginners and takes a long time to master. Therefore, it is preferable to master the shading technique first. It is also used when you need to hide shading errors.

Feathering

How to learn to draw with a pencil using shading? It allows you to achieve a very natural image, as there is a smooth gradation of tone. Shading is carried out as follows: initial strokes are applied to the drawing area, which are then rubbed with shading or its substitutes - cotton swabs, a suede cloth, a piece of paper. Some people shade the design using their fingers, but this practice can lead to the appearance of grease stains on the work, which will not add to its aesthetics.

If you decide to use shading, then preliminary shading should be done with crossed broken strokes. Rub strokes in only one direction - from top to bottom. The main thing is to achieve visible uniformity of shading. If necessary, those areas that are lighter are re-shaded with a pencil, and the darker areas are lightened with an eraser.

Basic drawing rules

The main principle is the movement from simple to complex, from the general to the details. How to learn to draw with a pencil correctly? So, to achieve good results in drawing, you will have to be patient. Before you begin to get decent drawings, you need to draw the simplest objects many times. And in order to understand how to learn to draw “like an adult,” you need to familiarize yourself with the rules of drawing. When creating a drawing, take into account the fundamental rules of drawing, namely:

1. Perspective - objects that are closer to the observer appear larger than those that are farther away.
2. Location - the object displayed at the bottom of the sheet is perceived closer than others.
3. Size - a larger object is perceived closer to smaller ones.
4. Penumbra - if part of the object is on the opposite side from the light source, it needs to be drawn darker.
5. Shadow - to create the illusion of volume, a shadow cast from the object is drawn on the opposite side of the light source.
6. Contour - the boundaries of round objects need to be drawn more carefully. This will give them depth and volume.
7. Horizon - with its help, the artist creates the illusion of objects in the drawing being at different distances from the viewer.
8. Density - distant objects in the drawing are drawn in less detail than near ones and are made in lighter colors.

Drawing Simple Objects

Some of the easiest objects to transfer to a drawing are buildings and vehicles. Most of those who have already completed elementary school know how to learn to draw a simple house. art school. The contours of a building almost always form straight lines. Simple combination of two geometric shapes- a rectangle and a triangle - already creates a primitive sketch of a classic one-story building.

To obtain a drawing of a car, you need to perform a simple algorithm: draw the outer contours of the car, dividing them with a line of symmetry. Then the body is drawn. After this, the wheels should be displayed. The next step will be drawing the details of the near part of the car. Finally, mirrors, glazing and doors are drawn. A more complex level of drawing is creating drawings of animals. Drawing animals from life is quite difficult, since they are never static and tend to change their pose.

Before you start drawing large animals, such as a horse, define it individual characteristics- the characteristic shape of the muzzle, the thickness of the mane, the development of the muscles of the legs.

Creating a drawing of a person

After animals, you can move on to drawing portraits of people. But how to learn to draw people with a pencil? First, the composition is determined. The drawing of a person begins with the outline of the head, then the outlines of the remaining parts of the body are drawn from top to bottom. In order for the resulting image of a particular person to be recognizable, you need to pay the greatest attention to drawing the face. And in order to draw it correctly, you should act in stages.

First of all, determine how it will be located on the sheet. Mark the axis of symmetry in the center of the canvas. Draw the outline of the face in an inverted shape chicken egg. Then you should carefully recreate the shape of the face, starting from the chin and moving up to the widest part - the cheekbone area. Having formed their outline, the artist continues moving upward to the narrow, temporal area. The resulting lines are aligned by adjusting with an eraser.

Having received an oval, it is divided into three layers by thin longitudinal lines. The first, coming close to the chin, is the marker of the tip of the nose. The nose needs to be drawn from the tip. This item may have the most different shape. The most common are round or square shapes. But how to learn to draw a mouth? The contours of the mouth are drawn from the central curve of the upper lip.

This is followed by the stage of drawing the eyes. In drawings of a person's face they play main role, as they attract the viewer’s eye. That is why eyes are painted with special care. To begin with, mark the lines of the eyebrows, focusing on the bridge of the nose. The type of person’s character that the artist seeks to convey depends on the shape of the eyebrows. Having drawn the contours of the eyes, you need to carefully draw their shape. Then the pupil is drawn, the lines of the eyelids are fixed and the eyelashes are drawn.

Manga

For inexperienced artists, the easiest way to transition to depicting people is through drawing manga. How to learn this style? Create drawings of Japanese characters animated films relatively easier than painting portraits from life. In manga, the emphasis is on the image of the hero's head, eyes and hair.

Manga drawing proceeds according to the following scheme: an oval outline of the head is drawn. It is divided in half by a straight line and two parallel lines drawn across the oval divide the character’s head into three parts. The points of the eyes, nose and mouth are marked. Manga eyes are large and are drawn starting from the arch of the upper eyelid. The eyes are set wide. When drawing the pupil, the artist must pay increased attention creating glare.

The manga's nose is disproportionately small, usually indicated by a tick. Lips are also depicted without emphasis - two parallel lines. The hair is depicted in the form of flowing triangles, which slightly overlap the large eyes.

The main thing is to draw a lot and often, so that this activity becomes a pleasant leisure time.

Most likely, everyone periodically has the desire to draw something, and not just a doodle, but so that everyone likes it. Especially often, such a desire appears when looking at a beautiful and talented picture. It would seem that it’s so difficult? I want to learn how to draw coolly with a pencil, so I take paper and draw a masterpiece. But when it comes to implementation, then difficulties arise: either the center is shifted, the scale and aspect ratios are incorrect, or the details did not work out. How to quickly learn to draw with a simple pencil , if immediately, due to one’s own ineptitude, the desire to create masterpieces disappears?

Remember that even the most talented masters did not learn immediately: everyone has gone a long way in order to improve their skills and delight others with beauty. This is preceded by more than one year and more than one month of hard work - very little time will pass, and now we are already drawing well simple pictures and people.

The pencil is considered the most simple tool for drawing, so it’s worth starting your training with it.

It takes some getting used to carry a pencil and notepad with you in order to make sketches. Only hard work and perseverance will help you achieve your goal. But what to do if, apart from desire and some abilities, there is nothing?

Drawing: how to draw something beautiful and easy for beginners

So, to draw pictures, you need to know where to start. remember, that For beginners, a pencil is the most convenient tool. This is because it is easy to erase, and if the line is wrong, it can be changed. Moreover, there is different types pencils, with the help of them you can easily create a beautiful drawing.

The main advice for future artists is never do not start drawing with complex and large paintings until you learn how to depict details. You are unlikely to succeed, and the desire to draw again will simply disappear.

First, learn to depict individual objects. To do this, highlight one element from the others with your eyes. Then visually evaluate the shape and size. Next, highlight where on the paper it is best to place it, taking into account the size and shape. Do not forget that tall elements are positioned along the length of the paper, and wide elements are positioned along the width.

In addition, keep in mind that a real object is usually larger than a piece of paper, so you need to draw it, taking into account aspect ratio and scale. This is not an easy task for a beginner. Therefore, to develop skills, below there will be suggestions simple exercises, which will help allocate space for the drawing.

Drawing exercises

In these drawing exercises, we draw objects as diagrams, without creating small parts- this is something that a beginner can draw simply and beautifully. Here it is important to see how objects are created using simple figures and their dimensions are taken into account. By acquiring such skills, in the future you will be able to automatically find the location and size of the picture.

Exercise No. 1: so the first task is that you need to draw an object not from its natural size, but from a picture. This greatly simplifies the task, since there is no need to select an element and find a place to place it - everything has already been done. You need to reproduce the same thing, but in a different size, so that it does not become a copy.

Repeat similar exercises with other images, developing an understanding of proportions and space.

Let's draw a mountain. First, take a close look at the picture. Visualize it on your sheet. Now draw a straight line. This will be the foundation. Study the shape of the hill and its slopes. If the mountain has equal sides, then depict it as a regular cone, whose height is less than the width of the base. To understand how many times the parts differ in size, you can take a ruler, but the main thing is to be able to do this by eye. In this situation, the proportions of height and width are 1:3.

To get the aspect ratios right, create a vertex first. Find a place on the horizontal line where you will place it. Create 3 equal segments on the line. Next, find the middle and draw a perpendicular. Then mark the top of the mountain at a distance of 1 division from the base. If the image matches, everything was done correctly. Now try to create the same mountain, but in a different size.

Do not forget that to correctly determine the aspect ratio of an object, you need to start by dividing the base into equal parts, and then move on from there. A task like this will teach you to accurately determine ratio of various elements of objects. And this is the basis of drawing.

Exercise No. 2: another challenge is that it is required to depict a mountain with different proportions of width and height. Here they will be 1:4, and the top deviates at right side. The task is more difficult, but not impossible.

First, repeat the steps of the first exercise: draw a straight line, dividing it into equal parts (here 4). Then there is a peculiarity - the vertex will not be in the center of the segment. It seems to be above the third segment, so we draw from it perpendicular line. Then the top is laid off. Usually, when creating a drawing, the base is divided by 2 or 3, rarely by 5.

Exercise No. 3: this exercise will require depicting on one sheet of paper profiles of different mountains, which have different vertices in location and height. Don't be afraid, the task is not too difficult. Imagine each hill separately, mentally draw a dotted line to the bases. And then you will understand that the first exercise is simply repeated several times.

Another skill - skills to draw straight lines without tools. This is not too easy, it will require training. First draw a vertical line using a ruler. Now practice, trying to create maximum parallel by hand. A similar exercise is repeated with the horizon.

Mastering shading

When creating masterpieces with a pencil, you will need to master shading skills for the volume of an object. It will show where the shadow falls and where the light falls. Start with simple shapes: cube, ball, cone, etc. In addition, if you look closely, you will notice that these figures have penumbra.

In order to obtain a smooth transition from light to dark, you will need pencils with different densities. After mastering this skill, you will easily learn how to draw three-dimensional details. For classes, you can choose interesting and stylish drawings for beginners - not very complex, but beautiful, they will delight you with the result and maintain confidence in your abilities.

How to draw a person correctly

If you have achieved success in previous tasks, then let's figure it out now, how to draw a person. This is not the easiest task. Let's consider step by step drawing. First try creating people on paper who are standing - this is important for distinguishing between aspect ratios.

Draw a vertical line and build off of it to create a mesh, i.e. the main lines of the waist, shoulders, head, arms and legs. But how do you understand the size of these lines? When drawing from life It is important to use a pencil as a measuring tool. For example, you want to determine the distance from the waist to the head. Take a pencil, visually align its tip with the level of the crown, then mark on it where the waist is located. Transfer the size onto paper. This way you can measure all the items.

Drawing people is a difficult task. Start by creating the base, then draw in the details.

To test yourself, remember that the body is visually divided into 8 parts. One part is equal to the size of the head. In representatives of the stronger sex, the body length is 3 heads, and the border is located on the chest, chin, crotch and belt. The legs are 4 heads, and the center is near the knees. The width of the shoulders reaches 2 1/3 the size of the head. The length of the arms reaches 3.5 times the size of the head. Female proportions differ - the body is more elongated, and the hips are considered the widest part.

If you have determined the proportions of a person, drawn marks, then give shape to the body. To do this, all elements are drawn in the form of cylinders and ovals. If you like everything, then draw the outline. Now all that remains is to create the details - fingers, hair, face, clothes.

How to draw a portrait

The greatest difficulty is creating portraits. The difficulty is that to obtain a similarity you will need to correctly draw all the details and features. So, let's figure out how to draw a portrait for beginners.

First tip: think about what can be easily drawn or copied from a photo with a pencil? Separate areas of the face: nose, eyes, lips from different angles, even ears. Then move on to creating the full image. For beginners there will be easier work Based on the photo, you can gradually move on to personal observations, sketches and sketches from life.

Tip two: Start by creating an oval shape for the head. Then draw a vertical line down the center. She will divide the face into equal parts. Then divide it into 2 parts horizontally - this is the line where the eyes are located. The eyebrows are located in line with the upper edges of the ears.

Third tip: The length of the nose can be determined as follows: divide the gap between the eyes and chin by 2 - this is the location of the tip. Its width corresponds to the gap between the edges of the eyes. These relationships are not an axiom, but most often faces are drawn this way.

There is a certain concept of facial proportions that can be taken as a basis.

When positioning the parts of the face, you need to create the contour of the lips, nose, ears, and hair. If you are satisfied with the details, then start drawing. Now all that remains is to add the finishing touches.

Graffiti style

If you like lettering, then you should consider. Eat different directions and stylistic exercises for drawing words, letters, phrases. And to understand in what specific direction you will create, you will need to study them all.

Practice on paper first. Create a word. The letters need to be placed at a distance corresponding to ½ the height of the letter, because they will need to be outlined. Now give each letter volume and convexity with shading.

Selecting Tools

The choice of tools and sheets plays a significant role in drawing. So, what devices to choose:

There are different types of pencils. A simple pencil happens With different levels softness. They are often marked with Latin letters: B is the softest, H is the hardest, and HB are hard-soft pencils. Besides this, there are also numbers from 2 to 9. These show the tone;
a beginner will need different pencils with different hardness. In addition, when drawing you will need soft eraser;
paper doesn't play last role. It is better to use thick white sheets - they can withstand corrections. A grainy sheet is suitable for a pencil because the shades are visible on it.

We looked in detail at how to learn to work with a pencil and how to draw something beautiful at home, but now let’s sum it up. Let's look at some brief tips on how to get better at drawing - the list, of course, is far from complete, but it sums up the experience:

Create sketches.

This is the main point. Required to create per day at least 5 sketches. It's worth doing your best here. Take advantage of every chance to create drawings: on the road, in the office, at home. This improves your skills, develops imagination, and the ability to understand size relationships. Drawing storyboards and comics is useful.

Copy the works of masters.

Imitate the masters, it develops taste. Do 1 copy every 3 months. This should include the originals good artists. Try to get as close to the source as possible, study not only the techniques of the masters, but also the cultural features of that era.

Experiment, don’t be afraid of mistakes and don’t put off creativity until later. This way you will soon learn how to create masterpieces.

Draw from memory.

Even when drawing from life, you have to create an image from memory. Besides, it is important to draw small elements from memory- this will improve visual memory and imagination.

Repeat mistakes.

People often quit at the first problem: they are afraid of repeating the mistake. But you shouldn't do this. If it doesn't work, start again. Don’t avoid mistakes; they are worth taking a closer look at - perhaps this is where your individuality lies.

You shouldn't draw from a photo.

Yes, at first this is the only way to train, but then you shouldn’t do it. The lens is not able to convey the full depth of forms.

Take a break.

Don't concentrate on one thing it's important to be able to switch. If something doesn't work out, take breaks. Start different drawings, change points of view, technique.

Conclusion

Even if drawing with a pencil or paints (pastels, watercolors, oils, etc.) is a completely new area of ​​life for you, don't be afraid to set goals, both modest and global. It is important to remember why you decided to learn drawing: will it become future profession or a hobby, do you want to please your friends or relatives with a landscape or portrait as a gift, have you just decided to master a new creative niche?

Fears of your own inability do not give you peace, constantly buzzing in your ear, “You won’t succeed anyway”? Don’t put off ideas and plans for later, gradually purchasing boxes of pencils and paints or spending weekends looking for that “best paper” in stores. Make your wishes come true today- just take a notebook and pencil and start making, albeit not very skillful, but at least your own sketches.

Don't you know how to draw? It seems like it's high time you learned this! Pick up your brushes and paints and visit any site from our list!

Drawing with Anna Koshkina - an extensive selection of various video tutorials on drawing. Everything is explained in an accessible and understandable way.

Learn to draw in 30 days - a selection of lessons on all famous book"How to learn to draw in 30 days." All you need is 20 minutes of your time, a notepad and a pencil with an eraser, and in just a month you can draw!

A selection of lessons from the group “Drawing Lessons”- There are lessons for various techniques and lots of tips. There is also a section on painting lessons where you can learn to paint with watercolors, oils or pastels.

Drawing lessons for beginners and children - many drawing lessons with both pencil and felt-tip pens.

Everyone can draw! - a complete free course on drawing with pencil and watercolor.

A simple pencil - many video lessons on drawing in various techniques, there is also a section for children, video tutorials on drawing in Photoshop and an overview of various online graphic editors.

Drawing and drawing lessons for beginners - a large course on drawing and drawing, as well as many articles and tips, including even exercises for developing the eye and “getting” your hand.

Drawing: video tutorials - hundreds of educational videos on the topic of drawing an entire picture or any detail.

How to learn to draw - simple and difficult lessons step by step lessons on drawing various animals, people and more!

DrawSpace is a portal with drawing lessons, a total of eight levels, each of which is divided into sections, the only minus/plus is that it is in English.

Learn to draw - also in English. They mainly teach how to draw people, but you can also learn how to draw caricatures.

Carol's Drawing Blog - blog professional artist Carol Rosinski, where she posts lessons. All lessons are divided into several levels, there are also videos and articles in which Carol shares her secrets. Another resource in English.

About: Drawing/Sketching - a section of the large About project dedicated to drawing, also in English. The site publishes many collections, training videos and articles on the topic of sketching and drawing.

DrawSchool is a resource for learning to draw. There are both free and paid webinars.

Purmix - with the help of this resource you will learn how to draw anime, manga, and tattoos, and you can use both video and photo lessons.

How to learn to draw- a whole channel on Youtube dedicated to teaching drawing. You can learn to draw a bug, a worm, and a bear.

PaintMaster - here you can learn graphic design, academic drawing and even interior design!

DrawMaster.ru - many lessons suitable not only for Photoshop, but also for regular pencils and paper.

ArtDrawing.ru - available full course drawing lessons from talented artist Yuri Sinchukov.

Pencil drawing lessons - a complete variety of styles, tastes, colors, and drawing themes.

Who among us has not dreamed of becoming an artist at least once? Especially in childhood, many of us wanted to learn how to draw beautifully, and maybe even paint real pictures. But, as often happens, dreams were shattered due to a banal lack of skills. Either due to a change of interests, or because of ordinary laziness, many lacked the desire and patience to continue developing in this direction.

So how can beginners learn to draw with a pencil?

Like any creative activity, the art of drawing contains many subtleties and helps to reveal to its owner not only creative potential, but also to implement in beautiful shape your worldview. These subtleties will be discussed further.

Stages and principles of training

Often, in order to fully learn how to draw, they resort to step-by-step training and practice of drawing various compositions of different plans. There is quite a big difference, if, for example, you are trying to draw a person, or trying to realize some kind of landscape on paper. That is why in this case it is very important to master the skills of drawing a wide variety of objects.

Another basic principle in learning to draw is regularity. Practice is the decisive factor in developing drawing skills. It would not be a bad idea to create a specific schedule for the week, according to which you could devote at least 20 minutes a day to this activity. It follows from this that you also need to show some patience in such training.

What do you need to get started?

So, first of all, find yourself notebook with fairly large leaves. There should be at least 50 sheets. The second point in your preparation should be the choice pencil taste. There are a great variety of pencils, so in your case best choice will be the one you are used to using. For example, it could be a pencil with a soft lead. Naturally, a little later you will have to buy more necessary pencils to improve the quality of your work.

Get yourself a calendar too. Where you will celebrate not only your class schedule, but also your successes. At first, you will have to force yourself to strictly follow the schedule, but over time it will become part of your lifestyle and will bring great pleasure.

Try to draw something on the first page. Do not worry about high quality drawing. After a certain time, you will open the notebook to the first page and be surprised at the difference between how it was and what changes have occurred.

Basics

Many people think that drawing is a skill that depends only on natural talent, so they easily find excuses in the format of “not given” or “doesn’t work out.” But it’s not just about talent, but also about acquired skills. A person who can draw well without knowing the basic principles is a rare exception. Any business needs to be learned. Therefore, next we will look at the basic laws and techniques of drawing.

There are 9 basic laws of drawing, after learning which you will learn to draw at a fairly high level. Let's discuss them.

• Law of perspective. Objects that the author wants to visually bring closer are distorted in such a way that one part of it appears closer than another part of it.
• Arrangement of objects. Objects that are at the bottom of the sheet appear much closer than others.
• Law of size. The object in the picture, which, according to the author’s plan, should be located closer, should, accordingly, look larger than those located further away.
• Law of overlap. An object that is in front of another becomes visually closer to us.
• Law of penumbra. The conventionally unlit part of the object, which is located on the opposite side of the light source, should be darker.
• Law of the shadow. To make the drawn object seem three-dimensional, you need to add a cast shadow to it, also strictly on back side from the light source.
• Law of contours. It is necessary to accentuate the contours of round objects to give them depth.
• Law of the horizon. This is the case when the horizon is drawn so that the depicted objects appear to be at different distances from the observer.
• Density law. To make it seem that objects are at different distances, it is also necessary to draw near objects in more detail and distant objects in less detail.

Using these 9 basic laws in practice, it will not be difficult for you to switch to new level in drawing.

Also, in order to avoid simple mistakes, a beginner in drawing needs to follow several important steps when creating a sketch of a drawing. Here they are:

We draw from simple to complex

More or less known fact, that the drawing is different from the drawing. What we mean first of all is that drawing a person is far from the same as drawing, say, a tree. Different things require different approaches to be executed perfectly. That is why further we will consider in detail the technique of drawing various compositions.

You should not immediately take on complex compositions. Because in the science of drawing, the mindset with which you start working is very important. If you immediately took up complex drawing, and nothing worked out for you, then you are guaranteed a bad mood. You may even lose the desire to pick up a pencil altogether. Therefore, in our training we will go from simple to complex, gradually learning new drawing techniques. Let's start with something simple.

Drawing geometric shapes

Since it will take quite a long time to search for suitable layouts of geometric shapes, we will be based on our imagination. For convenience, you can even download ready-made pictures of various geometric shapes from the Internet.

Cube

Let's draw a cube. Take this picture as a basis:

Repeat all the edges and sides of the geometric figure. Don't forget that the back wall of the cube is proportionally smaller than the front. Now let's pay attention to the shadow.

Imagine the light source is in front. This will make the front side of the cube lighter and the sides darker. Shade the sides. Mark the lines of the front corner with a pencil, and leave the rest thin. He will attract all the attention of the observer.

To give your figure a unique look, you can slightly distort the proportions. So we might end up with something similar.

Cylinder

Draw the plane on which your figure will be located. It should not be in the air, because the shadow must fall on something. Find on this plane perfect place to locate the central axis of your cylinder. Draw a vertical line straight up from this point. Draw ellipses around both ends of this line. Connect the lower and upper ellipses with the same vertical lines. The sketch is almost ready. For convenience, you can add a couple of auxiliary lines. For example, in front, such a line can mark the border of the shadow. Draw the outline of the shadow on the horizontal plane on which your figure is located. The result should be something like this:

Now that we're done with the frame, it's time shade the main parts of our figure. Again, taking into account that the light should be strictly in the opposite direction from the shadow, we mark by eye where the highlight will be. It is also worth considering that the glare on the cylinder will not form a spot, but a vertical stripe. Shading more dark shade the area from the shadow line to the rear border of the cylinder. Lubricate the border of the hatching to make the transition smooth. Shade the shadow of the figure itself. Leave the upper part of the cylinder light.

Drawing a sphere

Let's try to depict one of the basic geometric shapes, on the basis of which more complex objects will be drawn in the future. This figure is a sphere. She is even easier to draw than the others. You need to draw a circle. Next, from the edges of this circle, you need to draw a few more inside this figure. concentric circles. These circles may not be perfectly regular; moreover, they may take the shape of an ellipse.

They will serve us in order to do the shading correctly. Refer to the picture below.

Shade the circles according to the diagram shown. Draw another ellipse on the main plane. Shade this ellipse too to create a shadow. The sphere is ready.

Exercise

Try using the sphere drawing skill to draw more complex compositions, such as a plum. Notice what changes have occurred to the shadow? What happened in the end?

Answer

Shadow and light switched places. As a result, the berry acquired the illusion of transparency.

So, we found out that drawing geometric shapes is not such a difficult task.

Based on a basic knowledge of geometry and the skill of drawing such figures, you will be able to create more complex compositions with their help.

Drawing dishes

The next most difficult stage in pencil drawing is drawing dishes. In this case, the main difficulty lies more in the correct placement of shadows, both on the subject and around it.

Let's draw simple vase. It will be great if you find suitable example, which you can study in advance.

At the very beginning, we need to indicate the parameters of the object using straight lines. Draw a small horizontal line at the bottom of the sheet. This line will be the bottom of our vase. From the center of the horizontal line, perpendicular to it, draw a vertical line. This line will indicate the height of the object. Draw another horizontal line at the top of the vertical one. If anything is not clear to you, refer to the figure below:

As we can see, we will need another horizontal line marking the narrow neck of the vase. Draw it. Next, you need to draw ellipses with centers coinciding with the intersection points of the vertical and horizontal lines. They are needed to add volume to the vase.

The next step will be drawing the outline of the object. For example, it could be like this:

The final stage will be drawing light and shadows. This is done in the same way as with geometric shapes. Simply, first you need to decide what underlies each part of the object, a sphere, cylinder, cone or cube.

Try to ensure that the outline of your vase is symmetrical on both sides.

Drawing a cup

First, using the proven method, we need to draw the vertical and horizontal lines. This time, the base of the cup will be much smaller than its neck, and not the same. Draw ellipses for the top and bottom.

Plants

Unlike geometric shapes and dishes, drawing various plants is a more difficult task than it might seem at first. For example, in contrast to relatively simple objects, in the case of flowers, bushes, trees and many others, it is better to always have a living example before your eyes. It is very difficult to reliably imagine such a number of different details and correctly display them on paper. Or it could be a finished image of the original. With the level of detail of the drawing, it is important to decide the issue at the very beginning. After all, it can be as simple as possible, or, on the contrary, contain a large number of details.

Drawings by degree of detail:

Let's start drawing.

Make a preliminary sketch of your composition. If it is not one flower but several, draw them so that the stems are slightly curved and the buds look into the different sides. You don't have to make all the lines perfectly correct.

One of the most interesting things is that the initial sketch can consist of geometric shapes, albeit a little distorted. Take a closer look.

What do you see? The picture contains at least a circle, ovals, a cylinder, a distorted rhombus and cones. This tells us that sometimes, even complex images on initial stage, can be drawn using simple shapes.

Start drawing out the details. Draw the petals and add some irregularities to the petals. Add leaves to the composition. Focus on the original.

A tulip flower usually has about 6-7 petals that partially overlap each other.

If you pay attention, you will note that the thickness of the stems is the same along the entire length. The leaves are long, with a sharp end, curved. Leaves envelop the stem. Also pay attention to attaching the stem to the bud. This is noticeable on the flower turning back.

The final stage will be adding light and shadow. Using light strokes, make the areas inside the flower, as well as on the inside of the leaves, more shaded. The places where the petals intersect can also be slightly shaded. This will give the petals a transparent effect. Draw the stamens. They can be emphasized with a darker color.

As can be seen from last lesson, creating a simple composition is not a problem if you know the basic fundamentals of drawing, from simple to complex.

Drawing an oak tree

Trees are very often integral part various complex paintings. For example, these could be landscapes where numerous trees echo images of animals about which we'll talk Further.

Take a hard pencil. It will be needed to very loosely draw a general sketch of the tree. As always, we will go from the general to the details.

Draw a tree trunk. Since we are drawing an oak tree, it should be thick. Draw branches from the tree trunk.

Add a few clouds of leaves inside the crown. You need to deliberately leave empty areas so that some branches are visible.

Thicken the branches where they are not covered by leaves.

Start applying the main shadows. Before doing this, think about which side the light will fall from and how parts can be further shaded.

Draw the leaves. Add detail to them and distribute the shadows correctly. Select several leaves throughout the crown. This adds volume to the picture. The oak is ready!

It is not necessary to draw every leaf in the final image. You can simply thicken the contours of the leaves.