What Kir Bulychev wrote. Biography of Kir Bulychev. Books by the writer, interesting facts

Briefly about the article: The writer of everyday life of Alisa Selezneva and the Great Guslyar not only left a rich fantastic legacy, but also lived three lives. Andrey Shcherbak-Zhukov talks about Bulychev, a scientist, writer and filmmaker.

The Man Who Lived Three Lives

Fiction by Kira Bulycheva

It is accidents, mostly incredible, that rule our lives.

Kir Bulychev

Just over three years ago, on September 5, 2003, Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko passed away- amazing person, known to four generations of science fiction lovers under the name Kir Bulychev... There is a famous Sufi parable about how several blind men felt an elephant and then argued about what kind of elephant it was. One described a trunk, another an ear, a third a leg, but no one ever imagined the entire animal. Kir Bulychev was the same elephant of Russian fantasy and popular science literature. He himself was a rather large man - he often repeated, commenting on internal squabbles among writers: “We, large men, should not have complexes!” And he worked and worked, without looking back at what had already been created.

The creativity of Kir Bulychev is amazing in its volume. Some people know his childhood stories about the adventures of Alisa Selezneva, others - humorous stories about the inhabitants of the city of Velikiy Guslyar, some - “adult” works written in the traditions of classical SF, some - “thrilling” teenage adventure stories about Andrei Bruce or Kora Orvat, some - popular science books about pirates Indian Ocean and the rulers of the Middle Ages... To publish all this in one collection, it will take about fifty volumes. It seems that one life is not enough to write all this. But Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko, indeed, lived three parallel lives...

Life first

The future scientist and writer was born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow, on Bankovsky Lane near Chistye Prudy. Thus began his first life - the one in which he was Igor Mozheiko. His childhood and youth were largely spent in the capital, with the exception of the year spent during the war in Chistopol - already in 1942 his family returned to Moscow, one of the first to be evacuated.

Childhood friends recalled that Igor Mozheiko was already an inventor and a leader in those years. They went on hikes, created the society Who Vo What Gorazd - abbreviated as KOVCheG, wrote poetry, created handwritten journals. After school, Igor Mozheiko entered the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute foreign languages them. Maurice Thorez, who graduated in 1957. I didn't act according to at will- according to the “Komsomol order”. The country needed translators, do you want to get one? higher education- learn languages. At the institute, Igor Mozheiko actively wrote poetry - there is a line about this in the book of his fellow student Andrei Sergeev, “Album for Stamps,” which received the prestigious Booker Prize in 1996: “The earliest friend at IN-YAZ is Igor Mozheiko. Easy man, some poems..." The year he graduated from the university, he married a student at the Architectural Institute, Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya, who became his lifelong companion and one of his illustrators.

In those years, it was relatively easy for married people to go abroad - there is a guarantee that they will not stay. And Igor Vsevolodovich was sent to Burma, where Soviet specialists helped in the construction of the Technological Institute. Here he was a translator, a supply manager, and then a correspondent for the Novosti Press Agency and the magazine Around the World.

Falling in love with a mysterious eastern country, Mozheiko began researching its history and culture and, upon returning to Moscow, entered graduate school at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which he graduated in 1962. And in 1965 he defended his PhD thesis on the topic “The Pagan State (11th-13th centuries).”

The future writer's first texts were essays about Burma for Around the World. His first was published in the same magazine fictional story“Maung Jo will live”, signed with his real name.

However, already in 1965, his story “The Girl with Whom Nothing Happens” was proposed to be published in the anthology “World of Adventures”. This was the first work about Alisa Selezneva - a selection of funny and touching stories that happened to a father and daughter in the then distant 21st century, inspired by real communication with his daughter Alice.

Igor Vsevolodovich spoke about the appearance of the pseudonym as follows:

It only remains to add that not all editors were sympathetic to this design, which is why variations of “Cyrus” appeared in early publications. Bulychev" (with a dot abbreviation) and "Kirill Bulychev".

This is how his second life began - life popular writer Kira Bulycheva.

Second life

In his very first stories, Kir Bulychev found that inimitable, that unique intonation that always distinguished him from other writers. In those years, everyone wrote about the future - about how heroic people would be, what incredible feats and discoveries they would make, what amazing Adventures will fall to their lot... All this is in the first works of Kir Bulychev, but the difference is that what is important to him is not exploits, discoveries and adventures, but these very people who, despite the improbability of the world and the burden of events, remain simple, kind - humane! It’s not for nothing that one of his first books was called “People as People.” In the story “Half of Life,” an ordinary earthly woman, captured by evil aliens, gives her life in the fight for the freedom of non-humanoid creatures. And the hero of the story “About an Ugly Bioform,” whose appearance has been radically changed for work on a distant planet, is touchingly afraid that his beloved will see him in this form...

The themes of the works were suggested by life itself. From an address book of the 19th century, Kir Bulychev wrote down the names of the characters who populated the small town of Velikiy Guslyar, which differed from other Central Russian settlements only because miracles happen here too often. Here is the story of the creation of one story from the Guslyar cycle:

This is how the story “When Did the Dinosaurs Go Extinct?” appeared, which was then republished at least six times.

Kir Bulychev's books were published one after another, and in the late seventies, filmmakers became seriously interested in science fiction. Thus began the third life of Kir Bulychev - the life of a film playwright, based on whose scripts most science fiction films were made.

Life third

Kir Bulychev’s first film collaborators were such venerable directors as the author of the cartoons about Cheburashka and the crocodile Gena Roman Kachanov, the director of the popular fantasy film series “Moscow - Cassiopeia” and “Youths in the Universe” Richard Viktorov and the leading Russian comedy writer Georgy Danelia. The result of their joint work was the films “The Secret of the Third Planet”, “Through Thorns to the Stars” and “Tears Fell”. For the first two, Kir Bulychev received the State Prize. The official government report about this event revealed incognito, saying that “Kir Bulychev is the pseudonym of Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko.”

The fact is that the first and second life did not stop by this time, but continued in parallel. Under his native name, Igor Mozheiko released whole line popular science books, including “7 and 37 Wonders”, “Pirates, Raiders, Corsairs”, “1185”. In 1981, he defended his doctoral dissertation on “The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma.” At this very time, the whole country was watching the brightest Russian science fiction film “Through Thorns to the Stars”, and young readers were looking forward to the next issue of the newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda”, where stories about Alisa Selezneva were published...

In 1990, the film “Dungeon of the Witches” was released, based on the 1987 story of the same name. The action takes place on the planet Evur, where wild tribes destroy the station of earthlings with cunning and cunning. The idea of ​​both the story and the film is that a developed society, guided by humanism and liberalism, may be powerless against a wild community guided by the interests of the clan. Cosmoflot agent Andrei Bruce, whose role was played by the specially pumped-up Sergei Zhigunov, has to pick up a sword and abandon all intellectual principles in order to save the surviving earthlings, and with them the beginnings of humanism on the planet. And 12 years later, in 2002, Alexei Balabanov’s film “War” was released in Russia, the main idea of ​​which is exactly the same! But between these two films there are two Chechen wars! And the second one was based on terrible events recent years, and the first one was born of the writer’s imagination. But how can we explain the fact that Dmitry Pevtsov, who played the savage leader Oktin-Khash, looks and behaves absolutely like the Chechen field commander from the television chronicles of much later times? Only by the insight of the writer and director!

In addition to film scripts, Kir Bulychev also wrote plays. “Misfire-67” was staged on Leningrad Television, and “Comrade D.” - at the Moscow Laboratory Theater.

Posthumous

A few months before the death of Kir Bulychev, the TV show “Life Line” was recorded with his participation. The first time it was shown a month after filming, and the second time, changing the schedule of the Culture channel, on the day of his departure. From the screen, Igor Vsevolodovich simply talked about his life, joked about something, thought about something with the audience, but after a few months, alas, this video sounded like a kind of summing up. Among the many interesting questions, asked to the writer, was also this: “Which of what you wrote do you consider the most important, what is most dear to you?” The question sounded casually, and Igor Vsevolodovich just as casually, almost without thinking, answered that he had something to do, if not with his whole life, then with at least last decade, but he, in all likelihood, will not finish it... He talked about the big book project “River Chronos”. A fantastic technique helped Kir Bulychev present the history of Russia in the 20th century as the story of one family - the heroes of the cycle, Andrei and Lidochka Berestov, received from Pan Teodor an unusual artifact that allows them to jump forward in time, sometimes even ending up in its alternative versions.

To the great regret of readers, Kir Bulychev turned out to be right - the cycle remained unfinished, although work on it continued until last days. In May, Kir Bulychev traveled to Crimea and significantly edited the first three novels of the series: “The Heir,” “The Assault of Dulber” and “Return from Trebizond,” which take place from 1913 to 1917. Alas, Igor Vsevolodovich almost did not have time to see the book edition of the novel “House in London” - this is the latest chronological novel in the cycle, the action of which takes place at the beginning of the 21st century. And between them “Reserve for Academicians” (1934-39), “Baby Frey” (1992), “Sleep, Beauty” and “They Don’t Kill Such People” (also the nineties). In the archives of Kir Bulychev, an almost completed manuscript of “Assassination” was found - the fourth part, the action of which takes place in 1918... Oh, how that situation echoes the events of the collapse Soviet Union!

The unnumbered collection of works by Kir Bulychev, published in Eksmo as part of the series “Founding Fathers. Russian space" There are many forgotten works, published only once, but no less interesting for that.

In the archives of Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko there is a sheet of paper with a plan last novel from the series “River Chronos” - again fantastic. In it, the heroes part, Andrei is transported to the future, and Lidochka lags behind. Then they meet again - Andrey has a new family. The heroes understand that they cannot live apart - Lidochka is transported to the future, and Andrei “catches up” with her. Now they are the same age again, but already quite elderly. They are again transported somewhere, where Pan Theodor is waiting for them, but they end up in an unstable “branch” and perish along with this world. And Theodore is waiting for them in parallel world to make you young...

On the one hand, it’s a pity that this novel was not written, but on the other hand, it’s even good. Let the heroes stay alive. Just as Kir Bulychev himself will forever remain alive in our memory.

Biography, life story of Bulychev Kir

Childhood and youth

Igor Mozheiko was born in Moscow on October 18, 1934 in the family of Vsevolod Nikolaevich, a lawyer and former mechanic, and Maria Mikhailovna (nee Bulycheva), an employee of the Armand Hammer pencil factory. Vsevolod Nikolaevich came from Belarusian-Lithuanian gentry, but renounced his noble origins at the age of 15. Maria Mikhailovna was an officer's daughter, a graduate of the Smolny Institute noble maidens.

In 1939, after 14 years of marriage, Vsevolod and Maria divorced. After some time, Maria Mikhailovna married again. Her chosen one was Bokinik Yakov Isaakovich, a scientist in the field of photographic technology, Doctor of Chemical Sciences. Soon Natalya, Igor’s younger sister, was born into the family.

On May 7, 1945, Maria Mikhailovna became a widow - Yakov Isaakovich died at the front. She never remarried.

After graduating from high school, Igor Mozheiko became a student at the Maurice Thorez Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages. In 1957 he graduated from this educational institution.

Work and education

After graduation, Igor Vsevolodovich worked for two years in Burma as a translator and correspondent for Soviet news agency"Press Agency "Novosti". In 1959, Igor returned to Moscow and became a graduate student at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In his free time from studying, Mozheiko wrote geographical essays for the magazines “Asia and Africa Today” and “Around the World”.

In 1963, Igor got a job at the Institute of Oriental Studies. He chose the history of Burma as his specialization. In 1965, Mozheiko successfully defended his thesis on the topic “The Pagan State (XI-XIII centuries). In 1981, Igor Vsevolodovich defended his doctoral dissertation “The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma”

Literature

Kir Bulychev's first story, “Maung Jo Will Live,” was published in 1961. Fantastic prose Bulychev began writing in 1965. His debut work written in this style is the story “The Debt of Hospitality.”

CONTINUED BELOW

Over the years creative activity Kir Bulychev wrote several dozen books. In total, he published several hundred of his works. More than twenty films and cartoons were made based on Bulychev’s works: “One Hundred Years Ago”, “Guest from the Future”, “The Secret of the Third Planet”, “Island of the Rusty General” and so on.

Kir Bulychev was a member Creative advice science fiction magazines “If” and “Noon. XXI Century".

Personal life

The faithful life partner of the writer Bulychev was Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya, a science fiction writer and artist. In 1960, the couple had a daughter, Alisa (it was in her honor that Alisa Selezneva got her name from famous work writer).

Illness and death

In the early 2000s, doctors diagnosed Kir Bulychev with a serious cancer. The disease was discovered at a late stage, there was almost no chance of recovery. On September 5, 2003, the writer died. His body was buried at the Miusskoye cemetery in Moscow.

Awards and prizes

In 1982, Kir Bulychev was awarded the USSR State Prize. In 1997, the writer received the Aelita literary award for his significant contribution to science fiction. In 2002, Bulychev became the first holder of the Order of the Knights of Fantasy.

Posthumously in 2004, Kir Bulychev was awarded the Russian literary prize named after Alexander Green and the ABS Prize.

Memory

In 2003, the magazine “If” established the Kir Bulychev Memorial Prize, awarded to writers for the high literary level and humanity shown in the work.

• Kir Bulychev (real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko) was born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow.
• 1952 - Bulychev graduates from high school and enters the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages. Maurice Thorez.
• 1957 - receiving a diploma, after which Mozheiko went to Burma to work as a translator and correspondent for APN (Mass Press Agency public organizations"News") on construction.
• 1959 – return to Moscow. Mozheiko entered graduate school at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. At the same time, he began collaborating with the magazines “Around the World” and “Asia and Africa Today”, writing popular science articles.
• 1961 – the writer’s first story, “Maung Jo Will Live,” was written and published.
• 1962 - completion of graduate school, after which Mozheiko went to the Institute of Oriental Studies and worked there, specializing in the history of Burma. He has written many articles in this area, so he is known in the scientific community not only for science fiction novels.
• 1965 – defense of a candidate’s dissertation on the topic “Pagan State of the 11th – 13th centuries.”
• The same year, the hoax story “The Debt of Hospitality” was written. The author was listed as “Burmese novelist Maung Sein Ji,” and the story itself was presented as a translation. A selection was written at the same time short stories"The girl to whom nothing will happen." Prototype main character Alisa Selezneva became the writer's little daughter.
• The pseudonym “Kir Bulychev” was created because the writer was not sure that the management of his main place of work (the Institute of Oriental Studies) would adequately treat fiction. Bulycheva is the maiden name of the writer’s mother. The name Kirill was first written in full, then shortened to “Kir.”, and later the period was removed.
• Tales and stories about Alisa Selezneva were written in general for almost a quarter of a century. The writer's daughter grew up and had her own children, but the demand for books about Alice did not decrease. Many works have been filmed and filmed based on them. art films and cartoons. However, these books for children and teenagers were not the only ones written by Kir Bulychev, and Alice was not his only heroine.
• 1972 - Bulychev publishes a collection of stories “Miracles in Guslyar”.
• 1974 - released new collection stories about Alisa Selezneva “Girl from Earth”.
• In addition to “series” plots united by characters (like Alice) or places of events (like Guslyar), Bulychev also wrote small isolated fantasy stories. They are published in the collections “People as People” (1975), “Summer Morning” (1979), “The Pass” (1983), “The Kidnapping of a Sorcerer” (1989), “Coral Castle” (1990).
• 1978 - a number of new stories about Alice were written, which received common name“One hundred years from now.”
• 1981 - Bulychev defends his doctoral dissertation on the topic “The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma.”
• 1982 - Bulychev was awarded the USSR State Prize for the scripts for the film “Through Thorns to the Stars” and the cartoon “The Secret of the Third Planet.” Only after this was the pseudonym revealed. Bulychev did not lose his job.
• The same year the book “A Million Adventures” was published.
• 1984 – the book “Girl from the Future” was published.
• 1985 – the book “Fidget” is published.
• 1987 – 1990 – several collections from the “Guslyar” cycle (“The Great Guslyar”, “Deeply respected microbe, or the Guslyar in space”, “Martian potion. The most complete chronicle of the Great Guslyar”) are published in succession.
• 1988 - a new collection of stories about Alisa Selezneva and her friends, “Prisoners of the Asteroid,” was written.
• 1989 - the “guslar” story “Perpendicular World” is published.
• 1990 - “The New Adventures of Alice” was written.
• 1997 - Bulychev becomes the winner of the Aelita science fiction prize.
• September 5, 2003 – Kir Bulychev dies in Moscow. He was buried at the Miusskoe cemetery.
• 2004 - for the series of essays “Stepdaughter of the Era” the writer was posthumously awarded the sixth international prize region fantastic literature named after Arkady and Boris Strugatsky in the category “Criticism and Journalism”.

Fans of the science fiction genre know the writer Kir Bulychev well, because it was based on his book that the series “Guest from the Future” was created, which was a huge success in the mid-1980s. The same author wrote the script for the animated series “The Secret of the Third Planet” and the science fiction film “Through Thorns to the Stars.” The writer gained fame outside the USSR, but even many Russian readers do not know that behind the name of Kira Bulychev the scientist, orientalist and historian Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko was hiding from fame.

Writer's family

Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, the writer’s father, was of noble origin. Having left at a young age native home, he started working in a factory. Later he moved to Petrograd and, after working there for some time as a mechanic, began studying at the preparatory department of the university. Then he entered the Faculty of Law, while simultaneously working in a trade union. While inspecting a pencil factory, Mozheiko met Maria Bulycheva, who worked there, with whom he later married.

The writer’s mother studied at an institute for noble maidens - this institution was the first in Russia to begin women's education. Bulycheva’s father was an officer and also taught fencing in the Cadet Corps. After acquiring a working specialty, Maria Mikhailovna studied at the road transport institute. Later, she was a member of the airborne school as a commander, and also held the position of commandant. When her father left the family, her mother remarried Yakov Bokinik, who later died at the front.

Education and work

Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko was born in Moscow in 1934. After graduating from school, he was educated at the Moscow State Linguistic University. He then went to Burma, where he worked for several years as a translator and journalist for the Soviet news agency, after which he returned home. Mozheiko completed his postgraduate studies and began working at the Institute of Oriental Studies. He often submitted geographic and historical essays, which were usually accepted for publication. Considering the topic of Buddhism in Burma, Igor Mozheiko defended his candidate and doctoral dissertations. He became famous in the scientific community for his work on the history of Southeast Asia.

Nicknames of Igor Mozheiko

The writer's first published story, "Maung Joe Will Live," described the training of the local population of Myanmar to work in the modern technology. Igor Mozheiko did not reveal his identity, and the story “The Debt of Hospitality” was published as a translation of the work of the Burmese author. His real name is writer for a long time kept it a secret, fearing possible dismissal from his job, since writing fiction was not considered a serious matter.

Later, Igor Mozheiko’s pseudonyms changed more than once, but most of his books were published under the authorship of Kirill Bulychev. This combination came from a generalization maiden name the writer's mother and the name of his wife. Over time, publishers began to shorten the author's pseudonym to Kir. Bulychev, and then they even removed the dot, and that’s how the now familiar Kir Bulychev appeared.

The writer used many names. Lev Khristoforovich Mints, Igor Vsevolodovich Vsevolodov, Nikolai Lozhkin - these are only some of the pseudonyms that hide Igor Mozheiko.

Alice's Adventures

Alisa Selezneva is a 21st century schoolgirl who got her name in honor of the daughter of Kira Bulychev. Future Girl is often compared to her namesake in Lewis Carroll's Alice Through the Looking Glass, as both explore new worlds without fear and notice things adults don't.

Alice goes to a variety of places, but adventures find her everywhere: space, the bottom of the ocean, mysterious planets, modern Earth 21st century. Having got into the past with the help of a time machine, the girl travels through Legendary era, in which there is magic and living fairy tale characters.

The very first stories about little Alice were written on behalf of her father, Igor Seleznev, who studies cosmobiology and searches for new species of animals. In subsequent books, the adventures of the grown-up schoolgirl and her friends are told in the third person. This is the study of new planets, interesting excursions modern schoolchildren and true friendship. All this happens on another Earth, which readers need to get used to: these are domestic robots, unprecedented animals, schoolchildren who make new discoveries and conquer space.

Books about Alisa Selezneva

“Alice's Journey” is one of the most popular stories by Kir Bulychev from a series of books about a girl from the future. This work has been translated into different languages, a cartoon was created based on it, computer game and even a comic book. The book describes the space expedition of Professor Seleznev and his team to search for rare alien animals. Captain Poloskov, flight mechanic Zeleny and Alisa and their father explore a variety of planets, find animals and plants unseen on Earth, and also fight real space pirates.

In the book "Alice's Journey" the expedition gets acquainted with the history of the Three Captains - these are great heroes who have traveled throughout space. They found a way to create super-powerful fuel for ships, but because of this knowledge they began to be persecuted. The First Captain is captured by pirates, and the Second has to barricade himself on his own ship to avoid falling into their hands. Only thanks to the efforts of the expedition members from Earth, the enemies were defeated, and the Three Captains finally met.

Also the most readable stories about the adventures of Alice remain such as “The Purple Ball”, “The Fairy Tale Sanctuary”, “The End of Atlantis” and “The Rusty Field Marshal”.

Criticism of the writer's works

The series of books about Alisa Selezneva has become the most popular and controversial. Critics noted that early works author about the adventures of a schoolgirl from the future were much stronger than all the subsequent ones. In new stories, plot lines are often repeated, and a “serial” quality appears in the works, as if the writer is now more interested in the number of cycles, rather than in its quality. Igor Mozheiko, whose books were criticized, said more than once in an interview that after forty years he was tired of talking about the same heroes and, perhaps, this is what influenced the level of writing. Kir Bulychev continued to create stories about Alice, regularly returning to this hero.

TV series "Guest from the Future"

In 1985, the film “Guest from the Future” was released, which instantly won the hearts of both children and teenagers. The film adaptation of the story “One Hundred Years Ahead” showed the adventures of Soviet schoolboy Koli in the 21st century, where he was able to get by using a time machine. In one day he manages to visit the Cosmodrome, build real home, see and save an important device from theft. By chance, he takes the myelophone back to his own time, where Alisa Selezneva ends up. She must find valuable equipment and return to the future, but her search is complicated by the fact that she is looking for a person whom she has not even met. She comes to Kolya’s class as a new student, but cannot understand who he is, because there are three boys in the class with that name. Also, the search for Alice is hampered by the intervention of space pirates, who also managed to penetrate into the past.

Starred in leading role, became adored by thousands of boys across the country. Soviet science fiction writer Kir Bulychev, who created the script for the film “Guest from the Future,” gladly told the children's audience of readers about his acquaintance with the actress and about large quantities messages coming to him. Boys from all over the country wrote to the author, admiring his work and asking for Natasha Guseva’s address.

Series of books “The Great Guslyar”

In a town invented by the author called Guslyar, many strange events take place; it is inhabited by the most unusual people, aliens are flying there. But there are ordinary residents there too, and it is they who solve the problems that arise due to the peculiarities in their environment, and even in difficult situations they remain human. The books in the series are written with humor and are easy to read, despite serious questions, which are periodically touched upon in the work.

One day the author saw road sign warning about repairs, and it seemed to him that the worker there had three legs. This is how the first story “Personal Connections” appeared, which was published in a Bulgarian magazine. The fictional town grew and grew, and Igor Mozheiko continued to describe it.

The cycle includes approximately seventy works. Seven of them are novellas, and the rest are short stories. These works were created over a long period of time, so there are many one-day heroes in the book, and characters often leave the city forever, but still return.

Andrey Bruce

The main character of the works is Cosmoflot agent Andrei Bruce. He carries out missions on behalf of the space agency and during his adventures he finds himself in situations where he has to show courage and bravery. The first novel "Agent KF" tells about the conspiracy on the planet Pe-U, which faces main character. The second book, “Dungeon of the Witches,” is dedicated to the consequences of experiments carried out by representatives of another civilization. These were attempts to speed up social development people, as well as the evolution of flora and fauna. Both novels deal with serious moral and social issues and are written in a very authentic manner.

Film adaptations of the author's books

Filmmakers singled out the works of Kir Bulychev from all the works of Russian and Soviet science fiction writers. Thus, more than 20 films have been made based on his books, series and episodes for television plays have been created. For most of his film adaptations, Igor Mozheiko wrote scripts himself.

The most popular feature films were: “Dungeon of the Witches” and “Through Hardships to the Stars”, the television science fiction series “Guest from the Future”, animated films"Alice's Birthday" and "The Secret of the Third Planet".

Biography facts

In 1982, the writer received the USSR State Prize for his scripts. It was then that the secret of his pseudonym was revealed, people found out who Kir Bulychev was. Igor Mozheiko expected to be fired from his job, but this did not happen. His employees were indignant that a serious scientist was engaged in “frivolous writings,” but the director took this calmly, knowing that the plan was being carried out by the employee without complaints.

Bulychev not only wrote his books, but also translated fantastic works foreign authors. While still studying at the university, he and his friend began translating Alice in Wonderland, not knowing that the book had already been translated. He also edited several science fiction magazines. The writer drew well, often making cartoons of famous people art.

The writer's wife, Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya, wrote fiction and illustrated books. The daughter, Alisa Lyutomskaya, is an architect by training, she has a son, Timofey.

Igor Mozheiko died in 2003 after a serious cancer. The writer was 68 years old.

Kir Bulychev's books have been translated into different languages ​​of the world and published in huge editions. And his works about Alice from the 21st century are read with pleasure by new generations of schoolchildren.

On October 18, 1934, the famous Soviet science fiction writer, playwright and screenwriter Kir Bulychev (real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko) was born. The story of the writer's family could become the plot for a fascinating book.

The writer's father, Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, was from the Belarusian-Lithuanian gentry Mozheiko. After October revolution, when he was barely 15 years old, he left home and hid his noble origin got a job as an apprentice at a factory. In 1922, at the age of 17, he came to Petrograd, where he worked as a mechanic and studied at the workers' faculty. Afterwards he entered the law faculty of the university, while working in a trade union. While once inspecting the Hammer pencil factory, he met worker Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva there, whom he married in 1925. Subsequently, Igor Vsevolodovich’s father held prominent positions in the Soviet state.

Mother was also from intelligent family and before the revolution she studied at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. Her father, Colonel Mikhail Bulychev, was a fencing teacher in the First Cadet Corps.

After the revolution, the former college student became an orphan. She died in 1921, when she was 16 years old. foster mother Maria Mikhailovna. The girl made her living as a sparring partner on the courts during the NEP, was a worker at the Hummer factory, worked as a driver, and graduated from the Automotive Institute. And then she entered the Academy. Voroshilov, after graduating in 1933 she received the title of military engineer of the 3rd rank and was assigned to the position of commandant of the Shlisselburg fortress, which then housed an ammunition depot. But after the birth of her son, Maria Mikhailovna left military service.

Before the Patriotic War, the parents of the future writer divorced and his mother remarried a prominent scientist in the field of photographic technology, Doctor of Chemical Sciences Yakov Isaakovich Bokinik, who was from Odessa. IN new family The future science fiction writer's younger sister, Natalya, was born. But quiet life the new family was interrupted by the war. Igor Vsevolodovich’s stepfather went to the front and died in Courland 2 days before the Victory, on May 7, 1945. And during the war, the writer’s mother held the position of head of the airborne school in Chistopol.

The writer's wife, Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya, is an architect by training. She also wrote fantastic works, and also drew well and was an illustrator of her husband’s books. In 1960, the couple had a daughter, Alice, named by her parents after the heroine of Lewis Carroll’s fairy tale “Alice in Wonderland.” And then Kir Bulychev “gave” his daughter’s name to the heroine of his works, Alisa Selezneva.

Dad named his heroine after me, Alisa Vsevolodovna later recalled. - It’s memorable because it doesn’t happen often. And Selezneva is my grandmother’s maiden name. My father loved to “borrow” names for his heroes from relatives and friends.

Having started writing fiction, Igor Vsevolodovich came up with a pseudonym for himself because he was afraid that the management of the Institute of Oriental Studies (where he worked at that time) might fire him for this “frivolous” activity. The writer signed most of his books with the pseudonym “Kirill Bulychev,” which was formed from the name of his wife and the maiden name of the writer’s mother. After some time, the name “Kirill” began to be written on the covers of books in the abbreviated form “Kir.” And then it was “shortened”, period, and this is how the now famous “Kir Bulychev” turned out. The combination Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev also occurred. The writer hid his real name until 1982.

Everything was revealed when I was awarded the State Prize for my fantastic works, and this was reported in Pravda,” Igor Vsevolodovich said in an interview about how his “incognito” was revealed. - Here the party organizers began to fuss, running around - at the institute of emergency: how come, a researcher is engaged in such frivolous writings. We went to the director, and then our leader was Primakov, the current prime minister. He asks the department head: “Is he fulfilling the plan?” “Does it...” “Well, let it continue working!”